How do the leaves of star anise gold plate droop? master four tricks to make the leaves stand upright and upright

The leaves of star anise gold plate are usually shiny green and upright, but if there is something wrong with the breeding method or environment, you may encounter the situation of sagging leaves. What if the star anise gold plate leaves droop? The editor will tell you the reason and the answer.

What if the leaves of star anise gold plate droop?

The research shows that the main reasons for the sagging of star anise gold plate leaves mainly include four aspects, namely, dry soil, stagnant water in the basin, too much fertilization and sun exposure, so in order to solve the problem of sagging, we need to start with these four reasons.

1. Soil dry knot

The drought tolerance of star anise gold plate is relatively poor, if the soil dryness will make it difficult for the root to absorb the necessary water, the result will lead to leaf sagging, the whole plant looks listless and lifeless, the solution is as follows.

① reasonable watering: keep the soil slightly moist when watering, so as to avoid dry soil caused by long-term non-watering.

② often loosen soil: soil dry knot is often the reason for not often loosening soil, loosening soil can not only increase air permeability, but also increase drainage, but do not hurt the roots when loosening soil.

③ uses sandy soil, such as rotten leaf soil, garden soil and so on, as basin soil, which can effectively avoid the problem of star anise leaf sagging.

2. Stagnant water in the basin

The water resistance of star anise gold plate is also poor, if there is stagnant water in the basin for a long time, there may be rotting roots, which indirectly lead to leaf sagging.

Solution: stagnant water is often caused by too much watering and poor soil drainage, so watering should not be excessive, in addition, the drainage of the soil is better.

Third, sun exposure

If a person is exposed to the sun for too long, he will not only have no spirit, but may also cause heatstroke and other symptoms. in fact, if the star anise plate is exposed to the sun for a long time, the leaves will droop and have no spirit.

Solution: to prevent the star anise gold plate from being exposed to the sun, move it to a cool place for maintenance, and usually plant it in a bright place.

Fourth, fertilize too much

Some flower lovers think that giving more fertilizer to a plant can promote its growth, but botanists have found that if you apply too much fertilizer, it will often burn roots, resulting in sagging leaves, and star anise gold plates are no exception.

Solution: fertilization must not be excessive, fertilize once every 20 days or so, and pay attention to the balance of nutrition, not only nitrogen fertilizer, but also not only phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, can prevent star anise leaf sagging phenomenon.

A practical Collection of Family Flower cultivation (part two)

31. What are the benefits of extra-root fertilization? Extra-root fertilization, also known as foliar fertilization, is a fertilization method in which the diluent of chemical fertilizer or trace elements is sprayed on the leaf and absorbed by the plant through the leaf stomata. The main advantages of extra-root fertilization are: low dosage, remarkable and rapid fertilizer effect, not fixed by soil and not affected by root absorption function.

32. Why can't unripe fertilizer be applied? Some flower lovers often bury rotten eggs, viscera of chickens, ducks and fish, meat skins, raw horse dung, and cake fertilizer into the potted soil. They originally thought that this could increase nutrients and make flowers bloom and flourish. As a result, it backfired and hurt flowers instead. Why is that? Because the growth and development of flowers depends on the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and iron dissolved in water by fermentation in the soil. All kinds of nutrient elements, and the above-mentioned rotten food is directly buried in the basin without fermentation, and the high temperature is produced by water fermentation after application, which will directly scald the flower root system, coupled with microbial activities, resulting in soil anoxia and flower death. At the same time, unripe fertilizer will produce a bad smell during fermentation, attracting flies to lay eggs, maggots can also bite the root system, harm the growth of flowers, and the smell can also pollute the environment. Therefore, flower cultivation should pay attention to the application of fully mature fertilizer in order to ensure the good growth of flowers.

33. What is the harm of applying heavy fertilizer? If the concentration of liquid fertilizer is too high, it will often lead to the withering and yellowing of flowers and leaves, and even the death of the whole plant. What is the reason for this? Because under normal circumstances, the concentration of plant root hair cell fluid is higher than that of soil solution, so the osmotic pressure of the two is different. At this time, the soil solution can constantly permeate into the root hair cells, and the root hair can absorb water and nutrients from the soil. Supply the growth and development of flowers. If the concentration of liquid fertilizer is too high (its concentration is greater than the depth of cell fluid), there will be a reverse phenomenon, that is, the cell liquid permeates into the soil solution instead, causing the root cells to lose water, causing plasmolysis, and in serious cases, causing the plant to wither and die. The reason is similar to family pickled pickles, put salt, vegetables into the tank, before long, salt water becomes weak, vegetables become wilted. This phenomenon often occurs when the application of chemical fertilizer is too much, and a similar phenomenon will occur if retting liquid fertilizer is too thick. Therefore, the concentration of chemical fertilizer solution for potted flowers should not be too high, and it is generally appropriate to use about 0.1%. The retting liquid fertilizer should also be diluted 5 times and 10 times. A practical Collection of Family Flower cultivation (part two)

34. Why are eggshells and tea dregs harmful to flowers?

In daily life, some people like to buckle the eggshell in the flowerpot or water the flowers with leftover tea, thinking that this is good for the growth of flowers, but it is often counterproductive. Because the eggshell is buckled on the flowerpot, the remaining egg white in the shell will flow into the surface of the basin soil and generate heat after fermentation, directly cauterizing the roots of the plant. At the same time, egg white fermentation will produce a bad smell, attract flies to maggots, bite the roots, and then easily induce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests, affecting the growth of flowers. Tea contains theophylline, caffeine and other alkaloids, which has a relative destructive effect on organic matter nutrients in soil. At the same time, the residual tea covers the basin surface, which will gradually ferment and mildew over time, hindering the permeability of the basin soil, causing hypoxia in the basin, affecting root respiration, and disadvantageous to the growth of flowers. However, after retting, the supernatant of the egg shell is used as topdressing or the eggshell is dried and mashed and applied into the basin soil, which is beneficial to the growth and development of flowers. The application of retting tea residue as base fertilizer is also beneficial to the improvement of soil. The flower proverb that "seven points depends on management and one third depends on cutting" is an important flower cultivation experience. Through pruning, we can not only evenly distribute flower branches, save nutrients, adjust plant potential and control overgrowth, so as to make flowers neat and graceful, but more importantly, it is conducive to more flowering. Most flowers bloom on new branches. only by constantly pruning old branches can we promote new branches, blossom more and bear more fruit.

thirty-five。 What is the effect of air humidity on the growth of foliage plants?

The water needed by foliage plants is easy to solve in the process of watering, but the difficulty is their special requirements for air humidity. Because most of them are native to tropical rain forests, they require air humidity of at least 60%. Therefore, air humidity is an important factor to keep the green leaves of the plant. In the north, the relative humidity is mostly less than 60%. In general, as long as it is not less than 50%, most varieties can grow normally. On the contrary, if the humidity is less than 40%, the leaves of the plant will become scorched and yellow. At this time, we should often spray water, or cover with plastic cover, or implement deep basin evaporation and other measures to improve air humidity. Foliage plants are in a dry environment for a long time, not only the leaves lose luster, but also the growth potential of the whole plant will become weak, slow or stagnant, until withered and died. Foliage plants bought from florists often grow poorly, mostly because they are not used to the dry air in the room. Therefore, good humidity control is another key to the conservation and management of foliage plants.

thirty-six。 Why should the balcony grow flowers to strengthen the air humidity?

All physiological activities of flowers can only be carried out with the participation of water. without water, the metabolic function of flowers will stop, resulting in death. Flowers absorb water in two ways, that is, from soil moisture and air humidity. In the hot season, the air humidity is high, which lowers the temperature accordingly, which is good for the growth of flowers. Some flowers that like shade and dampness can survive only in higher air humidity. For example, orchids, tortoise-backed bamboos, ferns and begonias require relative humidity of between 80% and 85% in summer and no less than 65% in winter. Evergreen ornamental flowers such as Fusang, white orchid, plum, jasmine, rubber tree and poinsettia require relative humidity of not less than 70% in summer and 60% in winter. Even for drought-loving cactus or succulent succulent flowers, the relative humidity must be above 60% in order to grow well during the peak summer growing season. Balcony at the height of the building, hot season strong light, so that the balcony floor, fences, walls and other places to absorb heat, slow heat dissipation, so the balcony temperature is high, reducing the air humidity; usually because of the building high wind, the air humidity is not big. When the air humidity of the balcony is low for a long time, the flower plants appear dull and lifeless, even the dry tips of new buds, and the leaves have scorched edges and spots, which seriously affect the growth and development of flowers and flowers, so it is necessary to increase the air humidity when growing flowers on the balcony. A practical Collection of Family Flower cultivation (part two)

thirty-seven。 What kind of soil is commonly used to raise potted flowers? All kinds of flowers and their different stages of growth and development have different requirements for soil. there are generally the following kinds of basin soil materials: plain sandy soil, which is a kind of fine-faced sandy soil with pure texture, less clay and smooth drainage. This kind of soil is often used as sowing soil for general flowers, for branch and bud cutting of herbaceous flowers and for tender wood cuttings of woody flowers, and it is also the main material for preparing and cultivating soil. Peat soil, also known as peat soil, is collected from peat bogs. It is formed after the continuous accumulation of organic matter under the condition of flooding and disgust, and its organic matter content varies, some as high as 80% Murray 90% or more, and it contains a lot of fiber and humic acid. The utility model has the advantages of soft quality, strong absorption fertilizer and water retention, good water permeability and air permeability. Peat soil is acidic or neutral soil, which contains organic matter, and is suitable for evergreen flowers and trees cutting soil with slow rooting, or semi-mixed with plain sandy soil for sowing and cutting of general flowers. It can also be used to prepare cultured soil. A matured loam on the pastoral surface that can be used as a flower bed or as a culture soil. Furnace ash soil has strong drainage and air permeability and can be used to prepare culture soil. The ash screen slag can be placed at the bottom of the basin as a drainage layer. Mountain humus soil is formed by natural accumulation of litter, moss and aeolian sand in mountain forest and decomposed by fermentation. Humus soil can be formed by slightly modulating it. River mud is the sedimentary soil of fish ponds and lotus ponds, which contains a lot of organic matter. After being dug up in autumn or winter, it can be used as soil for the cultivation of lotus, water lilies and other aquatic flowers after being dried in winter, weathered and mixed with yellow clay. The river mud is dried in the sun and tamped repeatedly, and the culture soil can be prepared after a year. This kind of soil is commonly known as orchid soil. The natural humus soil produced in the mountainous areas of Zhejiang Province is made of fallen leaves that have been accumulated for many years. It is easy in texture, breathable and draining, and conserves water and fertilizer. It is a good potted soil and slightly acidic. It is suitable for cultivation of acid-loving orchids, azaleas, camellia, etc., and can be used as bonsai cultivation soil. Guangdong pond mud is a fertile pond mud block in South China, and it is a topsoil deposited at the bottom of fish ponds for many years. It is gray and black in color, contains decomposed aquatic animal remains and excreta, rich in organic matter, sufficient nutrients and good drainage. When the pond is dry in winter, dig, dry and mash it, sift it and set aside. Large grains can be placed at the bottom of the basin, because it is not easy to break, there is no trouble of stagnant water. Neutral or slightly acidic.

thirty-eight。 What is acidic soil and alkaline soil? Soil acidity and alkalinity is a term to measure the content of acid and alkali in soil. PH value is a symbol of acid-base degree, and its corresponding value with acid-base is shown below: PH value 3 Mel 4 56 7 8 9 10 indicates that strong acid weak acid neutral weak alkaline soil pH value less than 7 is acid soil, soil pH value greater than 7 is alkaline soil. All kinds of flowers and trees adapt to soil acid and alkali conditions: acid-resistant flowers and trees (pH4--5) rhododendron, cyclamen, gardenia, colored leaf grass, purple duckweed, ferns, orchids and so on. Suitable for weak acid flowers and trees (pH5--6) immortal visitors, begonia, Zhu Dinghong, primrose, camellia, jasmine, Milan, five-needle pine, lily, gladiolus, palm family, Magnolia, big rock tree and so on. Suitable for neutral slightly sour flowers and trees (pH6--7) chrysanthemum, asparagus, rose, daffodils, hyacinth, sweet-scented osmanthus, spring of the four seasons, Tianmen winter, poinsettia, golden bell, water taro, magnolia, purple magnolia, pedicel begonia and so on. Suitable for neutral slightly alkaline flowers and trees (pH7-8) rose, carnation, geranium, cactus, spring, yellow poplar, southern bamboo, sweet pea, elm leaf plum, juniper and so on. thirty-nine。 How to use a simple method to determine the acid and base of basin soil? The easiest way to determine pH is to buy some pH test paper, litmus test paper and a standard colorimetric card from the chemical reagent store. When measuring, take a small spoonful of pot soil and put it in a clean bowl bottom. Add a small amount of distilled water until the test soil has just been covered, not too much. Then stir it well and clarify it, which is the soil extract. Dipping a little soil extract with a bamboo stick on a small piece of test paper, red is acidic and yellow is alkaline. The color shown on the test paper can be compared with the standard colorimetric card to find out the color card number with similar color, that is, the pH value of the measured basin soil.

A practical Collection of Family Flower cultivation (part two)

forty。 What is the effect of the three elements of fertilizer on potted flowers?

All kinds of mineral elements needed for plant growth and development are the most needed, and the most important ones are nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Therefore, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are called the three elements of fertilizer. Their function is: nitrogen fertilizer is also called leaf fertilizer. It can make plants grow rapidly, with luxuriant branches and leaves and thick green leaves. Nitrogen fertilizer should be applied mainly in seedling stage and foliage flowers. The early stage of plant growth, that is, the vegetative growth period, can not be nitrogen deficiency. Generally, it is usually applied from spring to early summer, such as when the plant growth and development stops (after summer), and then continue to apply nitrogen fertilizer, which will make the stems and leaves grow too long, make it difficult for the plant to finally mature, and seriously affect flowering and fruit hanging. And the stems and leaves are weak and vulnerable to diseases and insect pests. Therefore, the application of nitrogen fertilizer should be stopped before the plant enters the reproductive growth stage (flower bud differentiation stage). Human feces and urine, bean cake, ammonium sulfate, urea and so on are all nitrogen fertilizers. Phosphate fertilizer is also called fruit fertilizer. It can promote flower bud differentiation and bud pregnancy, make flowers colorful and fragrant, good fruit quality, and promote plant growth. In the later stage of plant growth and development (reproductive growth period), application is the most effective. Therefore, before flowering, after hanging the fruit, more phosphate fertilizer can be applied. Plants have the ability to store phosphate fertilizer in the body, and can adjust the use according to the growth needs, so it can be fully applied in the base fertilizer at one time. There is a certain limit to the absorption capacity of phosphate fertilizer. Calcium phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and phosphate rock powder are all phosphate fertilizer. Potash fertilizer is also called root fertilizer. It can make the stem and root grow strong, not easy to lodge, and enhance the ability of resistance to diseases and insect pests and cold tolerance. It is indispensable in the early stage of plant development, in the seedling stage, shoot stage and after seedling transplanting. More potash fertilizer can be applied. In the later stage of plant development, potash fertilizer contributes to the completion of photosynthesis and plays an important role in the production of water compounds, especially for bulb flowers which can store large amounts of carbohydrates. Therefore, potash fertilizer is indispensable in the whole process of plant growth. Potted flowers put indoors for a long time, due to lack of light, so that photosynthesis is weakened, a large number of potash fertilizer can be applied. Potash fertilizer will not cause fertilizer damage due to excessive application. Plant ash, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate and so on are all potash fertilizer.

forty-one。 If the potted soil is short of fertilizer, what is the bad phenomenon of plant growth?

The pot soil is short of fertilizer, the plant is short and thin, the branches are few, the leaves are abnormal, and the growth is robust. Due to the lack of different fertilizer elements, the phenomenon of poor growth is also different: the basin soil is short of nitrogen, the leaves are small, the leaf color is light yellow, the lower leaves are first yellow, and then gradually develop to lose the green of the whole plant, and the lower leaves are more yellow than the upper leaves; the basin soil is phosphorus deficient, the leaves are curly, the leaf color is dark green, the lower leaf veins are yellowed, bronzed, less flowering, underdeveloped roots, slow bud germination. Due to potassium deficiency in the basin soil, the edge of the lower leaf appears brown, and from the tip to the lower leaf, the edge and middle of the leaf become green and white, and various color spots appear between the veins; the basin soil is iron deficient, and scorch brown spots dry up on both sides of the vein and inside the leaf edge, sometimes expanding to form a large area of drying, and only the larger veins remain green.

A practical Collection of Family Flower cultivation (part two)

forty-two。 There are three ways to fertilize potted flowers:

(1) it is very important to apply basal fertilizer to potted flowers. If the basal fertilizer is sufficient, topdressing can be reduced, or even special chemical fertilizer can be used as topdressing, because the pots will be changed after 2 years, which will not affect the quality of potted soil. Organic fertilizer made from rotten human dung, barnyard manure and broken bones, fish, poultry water, rotten vegetables and other domestic waste after full fermentation, which is suitable to be used as base fertilizer for potted flowers. The usage is to mix 10% to 30% of the cultured soil, keep it moist, often turn over, so that the fertilizer and soil are fully mixed, and use it after a winter or high temperature season for 3 months. According to different ingredients, the pots of different flowers can be put on, poured or changed with soil. Hoof horns and poultry hair can be used as base fertilizer and can be placed directly on the bottom of the pot when the flowers are on the pot. Oil meal fertilizers such as sesame sauce dregs, bean cakes and bone meal are used as base fertilizers in the same way as manure, and the amount of oil meal fertilizer mixed into the culture soil is 3% and 5%. Flowers and trees that do not change pots at that time can also open circular trenches along the edge of the basin or symmetrically open short ditches when they are dormant, apply some of the above-mentioned fermented organic fertilizer, and then cover with new culture soil, which can also be used instead of base fertilizer. Inorganic fertilizers (chemical fertilizers) such as phosphate fertilizers can use 0.5% calcium superphosphate and phosphate rock powder, 0.2% ammonium sulfate and 0.1% urea for nitrogen fertilizer, and 0.1% potassium sulfate and potassium chloride for potash fertilizer, which were mixed into the culture soil two weeks ago as base fertilizer. (2) applying topdressing in the growing season of flowers and trees, applying dilute liquid fertilizer to make up for the deficiency of base fertilizer is called topdressing. One part of fermented urine, bean cake water, fish intestine water, rice panning water, etc., is mixed with 10 murmur20 times water, or 0.1% Muthi 0.2% aqueous solution is prepared with urea or potassium dihydrogen phosphate, applied 1-2 times a week, once every semimonthly after the beginning of autumn. Topdressing should be mastered: apply more nitrogen and potassium fertilizer during vegetative growth period, apply more phosphorus fertilizer during flower bud formation, loosen the soil one day before fertilization, and water the next morning after fertilization; apply after spring, but not after the Autumn Equinox; apply when budding, but not when budding; apply before rain, sunny day, but not after rain; apply when climate is dry, but not in mildew and rain season; apply when basin soil is dry, but not when basin soil is wet The climate is suitable for more application when the growth is exuberant, and not when the climate is hot and stagnant; new planting, overgrowth and dormancy are not applied; thin fertilizer is applied frequently, but thick fertilizer is not applied; chrysanthemum and jasmine that like fertilizer are applied from light to thick, barren five-needle pine and other pine and cypress, light rather than less; application before and after flowering, not in full bloom; application can be applied sooner or later, not at noon; strong seedlings can be applied more, but weak seedlings should be applied less; do not be too hungry or too full. No ripening, no dilution, no application. (3) external root topdressing is called extra-root topdressing by spraying chemical fertilizer solution above and below the leaves to supplement the deficiency of root fertilization. Due to the increase of fertilizer, the plant growth is robust, the branches are green, the flowers are numerous and colorful, and the disease resistance is also enhanced, but it can not replace soil fertilization. Can only use soluble urea, ammonium sulfate, potassium chloride, calcium superphosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and other inorganic fertilizers, in low temperature, high temperature weather, sooner or later. The temperature is high and easy to dry, but it cannot be absorbed. The concentration is 0.1% Murray 0. 2% is not suitable, too light fertilizer efficiency is low, too thick and difficult to absorb.

forty-three。 What problems should be paid attention to when applying fertilizer to potted flowers?

The flower proverb says, "whether to live depends on water, and whether it is long depends on fat." Rational fertilization is one of the key problems in the maintenance of potted flowers. Proper fertilization, strong seedlings and luxuriant leaves, large flowers and fruits, improper fertilization, shrinking branches and leaves, weak plants, and even death. Family potted flower fertilization should pay attention to the following points: (1) fertilization according to different flowers and trees and turbid different growth periods. The flower proverb says: "clear orchid, turbid jasmine." It means that orchids like clear and light fat, and jasmine like thick fat. In general, flowers and trees prefer light fertilizer, while those who like thick and fat are few. Although jasmine likes to be thick and fat, it can be fat only in the summer, under the cooperation of sunshine and water. If you apply thick fertilizer as soon as you get out of the room, that's too bad. Although chrysanthemum likes big fertilizer, in the early growth stage, the application of too much nitrogen fertilizer will only grow, and it is difficult to form buds. Only in the process of forming buds, can the amount and concentration of fertilizer be gradually increased. Gardenia, rhododendron, camellia, jasmine and other acidic soil flowers and trees, can not apply ammonia water, sodium nitrate and other alkaline fertilizers. Bulb flowers and flowers and trees that need to be re-cut every year should be fertilized with more phosphorus and potash fertilizer. Overwintering fertilizer should be applied in the first half of the frost to improve cold resistance; budding fertilizer should be applied before sprouting in early spring to make buds enlarge and sprout quickly; when spring shoots will ripen, fertilizers should be applied to promote flower bud differentiation and full buds; thin nutritional fertilizer should be applied after flowering to restore tree potential and then blossom or hang fruit. In the full flowering stage and the early stage of fruit setting, fertilizer and water should be controlled, otherwise it is easy to drop flowers and fruits. Growing rapidly in seedling stage, applying more nitrogen and potassium fertilizer. More phosphate fertilizer should be applied before flowering and when budding. (2) loosen the soil before fertilization, so that fertilizer and water permeate quickly and are easily absorbed, and be careful not to let fertilizer and water fall on leaves and buds, thus affecting growth. Acid fertilizers such as human feces and urine, calcium superphosphate and ammonium carbonate should not be mixed with alkaline fertilizers such as plant ash and ammonia, otherwise they will be neutralized and lose their fertilizer effect. Alkaline basin soil should choose acid fertilizer, acid basin soil should choose alkaline fertilizer. Fertilization must not be single, the combined application of nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium can improve the fertilizer efficiency; the combined application of inorganic fertilizer and organic fertilizer can prolong the fertilizer efficiency, prevent the consolidation of basin soil, and improve the properties of basin soil, such as ventilation, water seepage, water conservation, fertilizer conservation and so on.

(3) when fertilizing on the balcony, we should pay attention to environmental hygiene, and at the same time, we should pay attention not to dirty the clothes dried on the balcony downstairs, and affect the neighborhood relations.

Practical Collection of Family Flower cultivation (part two) 44. How to put the flower seedlings on the pot? Pots means that flowers begin to be cultivated in pots, also known as pots. The large seedlings of woody flowers are generally placed in the basin from the beginning of December to the end of March when the flowers and trees are dormant or just germinating, otherwise they will affect the normal growth and development and weaken the tree potential, so it will take a long time to rejuvenate. Concentrated cuttage propagation, after rooting and putting leaves, should divide the seedlings into pots in time. The new seedlings sown should be put on the pot when they grow up. In most perennial root flowers, they should be put on the pot at the beginning of budding. When the bare root seedlings are on the pot (the roots of the seedlings are without soil), the seedlings with delicate or damaged roots should be planted with plain sandy soil for a period of time, pay attention to windbreak in spring, shade when necessary in summer, and so on, after the root system is strong, and then pour the pot to plant with culture soil. Strong bare root seedlings or seedling roots with soil, as well as persistent root flowers on the pot, according to the seedling growth and habits, use the culture soil on the pot, and add some base fertilizer appropriately. Before putting on the pot, you should choose the appropriate flowerpot according to the size and growth speed of the seedling, and be careful not to put the seedling on the big pot. The use of the new basin should be thoroughly soaked with water first, and the old basin often has water stains and sundries, which should be washed clean. The basin hole is padded with tiles or blocked with weeds. For flowers that are afraid of waterlogging, according to the size of the flowerpot, the cushion at the bottom of the pot should be 4 cm thick, and the residue or coarse sand from the culture soil should be used as the drainage layer. Pottery and porcelain flowerpots should use broken tiles as the drainage layer, which is thicker than the tile pot. A layer of subsoil is laid on the drainage layer, and its thickness is determined according to the depth of the basin and the size of the plant. Stems and roots that are strong can be planted deeply, and stems and roots are fleshy and not too deep. There should be a nozzle in the upper part of the basin, and the depth of the nozzle should be filled with water at a time to permeate the bottom of the basin. Those with bare roots should pile the bottom soil into a mound in the center of the basin, straighten the seedlings with one hand, spread the roots evenly, fill the soil with the other hand, and gently lift the seedlings up as they are filled, so that the roots extend downward at an angle of 45 ℃. For flowers with longer roots, the seedlings can be rotated to make the roots curl evenly in the basin. After any flowers are put on the pot, the mound must be solid, so as not to make the soil under the pot solid or hollow. Compacted by hand pressing, it is easy to hurt the root. The soil used in the upper basin should be moist, that is, it should be clutched into a lump and dispersed as soon as it is rubbed. After putting on the basin, it is appropriate not to water temporarily in a place that takes shelter from wind and dampness, and the dry weather can spray water at any time to protect seedlings. Generally, it should be watered thoroughly after 48 hours in 4muri, which can not only prevent root rot and atrophy, but also promote the rapid growth and rejuvenation of new roots. After putting it in the shade for about 7 days, move it to a sunny place or under the shade shed according to the habits of the flowers and seedlings, and transfer to normal maintenance. Combined with the pot, the plant should be pruned, and the excessively long fibrous roots, diseased branches, overdense branches and leaves should be cut off. For excessively weak plants and flowers and trees that bloom on current year's branches, they can be cut off from 10 cm from the base of the stem to promote the growth and development of sprouting robust branches.

forty-five。 Why do potted flowers change pots? How to pour and change the basin?

After three years of cultivation of potted flowers and trees, the roots are covered with flowerpots, and the potted soil is depleted of nutrients. Due to long-term watering, the potted soil is alkalized, the soil is hardened, the air permeability is poor, and the water is not preserved. Even if topdressing is often applied, the flowers and trees will not grow well. At the same time, flowers and trees grow up, the original flowerpots have not adapted to the growth and development of flowers and trees, so it is necessary to pour the pots and change the pots. Pouring and changing pots is the regular work of growing flowers. It will not grow well if the potted flowers do not pour and change pots for many years. By pouring the pot and changing the pot, the size of the flowerpot can be commensurate with the seedlings and the nutritional conditions can be improved. Pour the pot, generally after a period of growth after the pot, transplant to a larger pot, or the original bare roots of plain sandy soil on the pot, moved to the culture soil for planting. When pouring the basin, the original soil block does not move, and there is no damage to the root and aboveground parts, so the time of pouring the basin is generally not limited by the season. When pouring the basin, the original basin soil should not be too wet and too dry. When the plant is out of the basin, hold the base of the plant with one index finger and the middle finger, and the palm is close to the soil surface; with the other hand, hold up the bottom of the basin and turn it over, gently take off the edge of the basin with the palm, and then remove the drainage layer at the bottom of the clod, and plant the outer fibrous root in a large basin.

Pot change refers to the cultivated potted flowers, which are carried out in combination with shaping and pruning before spring germination in order to keep the plant shape beautiful and grow vigorously for a long time. The pot change is generally carried out before spring germination, and can be changed after flowering in early spring, such as wax plum, camellia, plum blossom, Yingchun and so on. Jasmine, rose, mulberry, pomegranate and other fast-growing, flowering potted flowers should be changed every year, camellia, rhododendron, citrus, pines and cypresses and other slow-growing potted flowers can be changed once every 2-3 years. Do not water the basin a few days before changing the basin so that the soil is detached from the basin wall. Cut off the old soil of the original soil ball 1 stroke 3, and cut off some coiled roots and old roots. Potted flowers have been finalized, the original plant can be changed to the original pot, generally use a larger basin, after taking off the pot, the netted fibrous root and rotten root should be removed, some of the original soil should be removed and replaced with culture soil. Some flowers can be split in combination with changing pots.

A practical Collection of Family Flower cultivation (part two) 46. What if the root system of the plant grows full in the basin? When do potted foliage plants grow to change pots? It is necessary to observe whether the soil on the surface of the basin expands, or roots emerge from the hole at the bottom of the basin, which shows that the root system in the basin has grown full, so it is necessary to turn the basin and change the soil in time, otherwise the plant will weaken due to malnutrition or airtight. First of all, to remove the plant from the flowerpot, cut off the old and rotten roots, shake off some of the old soil on the root system, find a larger flowerpot, put a few small stones at the bottom of the pot, first fill in a small amount of new soil, put the plant into the pot, and then gradually add the new soil until it is filled and compacted. If you only want to change the soil and do not change the size of the flowerpot, you should shake off the old soil from the root system and cut off the old leaves. Only in this way can the water absorbed by the roots and evaporated by the leaves be kept in balance.

forty-seven。 Why are some grass flowers not suitable for transplanting?

The taproot flowers of grass flowers which are not suitable for transplanting have straight main roots and few lateral roots. after cutting off the main roots during transplanting, the lateral roots do not grow vigorously and the ability to absorb nutrients is reduced, so transplanting is not easy to survive or poor growth and development. For example, morning glory, Yu Mei, and Linnaeus fall into this category. This kind of grass is best cultivated by direct sowing. If transplanting is needed, it can be germinated in a small pot soon after sowing. When the seedlings grow up, they are removed from the pot and transplanted, so as not to damage the main root. Some grass flowers are not resistant to transplantation, such as violets, cinnamon, etc., can not be transplanted many times or bare root transplantation, as far as possible from the big block, can not be scattered.

forty-eight。 Why do some flowers and plants need to be transferred several times?

Cultivated grass flowers are usually raised in batches to beautify the environment or arrange flower beds, requiring neatness and beauty. But often to some grass flowers planted in the flower bed the survival rate is not high or the growth is very thin, can not achieve the ideal beautification effect. The main reason is that the measures of transplanting squatting seedlings are disadvantageous in the process of raising seedlings. Some herbaceous flowers, such as impatiens, chrysanthemum, zinnia, marigold, and so on, are easy to pull up and fall down. If you want to cultivate short, strong, neat, drought-resistant, and flood-resistant flowers, you have to move the seedlings several times to squat. When the sowing seedlings grow 2 true leaves, the seedlings should be divided into bare roots in time, with a row spacing of 10 cm, watered after planting, and then watered again after 3 days, and then when the topsoil is not sticky, the seedlings should be loosened and squatted in time. Squatting time depends on the weather, generally about a week, it is seen that the seedlings begin to water when they wilt at noon, and combined with fertilization, the seedlings grow obviously after fertilization, and water again. When the branches and leaves of the plant line have been matched, the seedlings are transferred and planted again. Cut off the main root when moving the seedling, promote the lateral root to proliferate, cut the tuo with a diameter of 8murmur10cm, water the seedling twice after planting, loosen the soil in time after each watering, and combine with fertilization when watering. From sowing to planting in the flower bed, the grass flowers, which have been transferred three times by 2muri, grow and thrive, and the planting is not wilting, neatly consistent. The planting of grass flowers raised in the family should not be too dense, and the seedling growth stage should also have a squatting process, and should often loosen the soil and fertilize in order to thrive. Cutting propagation of a bunch of red, chrysanthemum, etc., must also be cultivated as the method in order to raise the ideal flower seedlings. A practical Collection of Family Flower cultivation (part two)

forty-nine。 What are the tasks of pruning flowers and trees? Pruning is one of the important means to cultivate flowers and trees, all flowers and trees will lose their due ornamental value if they are allowed to grow naturally. Pruning can not only create a good plant shape, but also regulate the rational distribution and supply of nutrients in the body, prevent branches and leaves from growing, which is conducive to flower bud differentiation and bud pregnancy, and can create good ventilation and light transmission conditions to reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests.

fifty。 How to trim and reshape foliage plants? Some large foliage plants, such as rubber tree, Guanyin bamboo, cocoa coconut, tortoise back bamboo, goose palm wood and so on, are larger, if they are pruned frequently, they can promote plant growth and make them strong and beautiful. Topping can make the plant leaves dense, the plant shape symmetrical, prevent excessive growth; cut off the excess lateral buds, can make the plant upright and straight. Some smaller plants, such as cold water, bean green and aloe vera, need to be pruned to look beautiful and luxuriant. therefore, bad branches must be cut off before the new buds begin to grow in order to maintain a beautiful shape. In order not to let foliage plants grow arbitrarily and to determine an uncertain height, it is often necessary to cut off the terminal buds of stems or branches to inhibit growth and make them dwarf or clump. This is different from the general pruning principle of outdoor plants.

fifty-one。 Will long-term indoor flower cultivation affect health? Some people worry that the long-term indoor display of plants will affect human health, in fact, this is unfounded. Plants carry out photosynthesis during the day, giving off far more oxygen than they need to breathe. Although photosynthesis stops at night, its breathing is also very weak. Foliage plants, in particular, breathe more weakly than flowering plants (flowering plants breathe the most during budding and flowering) and require less oxygen. Some people have done such an experiment: through respiration, one molecule of oxygen can produce one molecule of carbon dioxide, while the amount of oxygen needed to light two matches is equivalent to the overnight respiration of two or three indoor plants. It can be seen that the carbon dioxide exhaled by ornamental plants is minimal. From this point of view, indoor plants have no effect on human health. On the contrary, many indoor ornamental plants are also good for people. For example, begonia, asparagus, Tianmen winter, etc., in addition to absorbing carbon dioxide gas, but also can separate germicidal substances, have the role of preventing colds, typhoid, laryngitis and other diseases. In addition, plants can also reduce indoor dust, clean the air and increase negative oxygen ions, so that people can live in a fresh and healthy environment. A practical Collection of Family Flower cultivation (part two)

fifty-two。 Why are most modern indoor ornamental plants dominated by foliage plants? People are inseparable from nature, in today's world, in high-rise cities, people can not have courtyard green space, can only use indoor plants to lead nature to their own room, and it is foliage plants that have an absolute advantage in indoor plants. A few pots of ornamental plants are placed in the bedroom, study or reception room, not only to add color to the family, but also to scan the green and colorful "works of art" cultivated in person after work or between "pen ploughing". You will feel tired and relaxed. Foliage plants have different shapes and colorful leaves, which can be evergreen all the year round, so they can be watched all the year round without being restricted by the seasons, especially in order to appreciate the posture and color of their leaves. Secondly, foliage plants are more shade-tolerant and prefer warm and humid environments. In terms of light and nutrients, foliage plants have much lower needs than flowers and fruit plants. Some flowering plants also have the characteristics of foliage plants, such as oleander, orchid, gentleman orchid, flaming crane, orchid, dwarf Jialan and so on. Foliage plants are mostly ideal materials for indoor greening and decoration. In China, foliage plants are still in the ascendant. Although they have occupied major hotels and restaurants, they have not been widely used in family rooms. It is believed that foliage plants will enter thousands of households in the near future.

fifty-three。 What kinds of foliage plants are suitable for family cultivation? Some plants win with their leaves rather than flowers. Their greatest feature is that they are not limited by the blooming and falling of flowers, and can be watched at any time throughout the year. Some of them are shaped, such as tortoise back bamboo, star anise gold plate, brown bamboo, asparagus, kidney fern and so on. There are also color watching, such as mahogany, red maple, red back cinnamon, purple duckweed and so on. There are also lush shapes and colors, such as colored leaf grass, purple goose down, evergreen flowers and leaves, and so on. There are not only flowers but also leaves of gentleman orchid, pearl orchid, four seasons arrows and so on. In the family room, put a few pots, do not have a beautiful novel fun. Here are several easy-to-grow species that are suitable for families:

Rhododendron flowers are gorgeous, with safflower wood and ash as a lining, more moving, banana leaves thick, narrow space, make people friendly.

7. Ground cover lawn + marigold + red leaf heather + safflower follow wood ball + cinnamon

With the green ground quilt as the base, marigold yellow flowers are extremely beautiful, marigold descendants safflower successor wood and red heather as the lining, cinnamon tree-shaped expansion. Several kinds of plants set off each other and are rich in variety.

8. Ophiopogon + guava tree

Both Ophiopogon japonicus and Ophiopogon japonicus have good adaptability in Fuzhou, with normal growth, soft leaves and suitable ground cover. Ophiopogon japonicus and Ophiopogon japonicus have yellow smooth bark, graceful posture, large leaves and dense leaves, which are suitable for sparse forest paths.

9. Grass + silver tequila + pruned banyan + Huanghua double pod locust

Based on the green grass, tequila leaves are thick, the leaves are silver yellow and green, matched with the built banyan tree and coordinated, while the yellow flower double cheek locust is beautiful and colorful. The collocation levels of these plants are rich, and the color transformation can be coordinated.

10. Grass along the steps + palm bamboo + sunflower + papaya tree

This plant configuration is suitable for one side of the small building, the grass leaves along the steps are thin and soft, while the brown bamboo and loose-tailed sunflower leaves are thicker, while the papaya leaves are palmately large, with fruit and trunk, and its posture is very beautiful.

11. Red mulberry + false forsythia + safflower tree

As a pattern flower bed plant collocation, red mulberry has bright leaf color, as an edge, false forsythia leaf color is yellow and green, while safflower tree leaf color is dark purple, three kinds of plants match as magic pattern flower bed, and it is attractive.

Part II: "maintenance Plan 4"

Maintenance and management scheme of landscaping

Maintenance and management is very important in landscaping, it is a long-term and repeated work, with comprehensive technical requirements, including the destruction of people and animals, sanitation and cleaning, pruning of flowers and trees, watering and fertilization, pest control, flower bed flower planting and so on. The completion of garden green space does not represent the completion of the garden landscape. People often say that "three minutes, seven minutes". Only with high-quality and high-level maintenance and management, the landscape can be gradually formed and perfect.

Characteristics of the present situation of plants in the cultivation park:

1. The greening covers an area of about 2.45419 billion square meters, and the green coverage rate is high. There are a large number of different specifications and varieties of trees and trimmed shrubs, and their initial growth has gradually taken shape. After our careful investigation, the characteristics of plant planting are roughly divided into two areas according to the original general plan:

1) Square area: the plant planting style in this area is relatively open, with ginkgo biloba, Zhengnan and large trees in the square.

Plant mainly, properly cooperate with low shrubs, the overall space is more transparent.

2) Factory area: the plant varieties in this area are complicated, worn by large and small trees, shrubs and ground cover plants.

Planted in front of the door with more valuable large plants (Canary jujube, blue flower, small leaf banyan pile head

The best sweet-scented osmanthus, etc. Whether it can still keep the office garden elegant, elegant and sparse?

The scenery, can also make the hotel villa courtyard to carry forward its delicate and gentle, leisurely and relaxing atmosphere

It all depends on the acquired maintenance.

two。 In the greening condition of the vertical area, we can find the following problems: the growth of ① shrubs is poor and the shape is monotonous; the potential of ② flowering shrubs is poor, and the flowering condition (including the number of flowers, flower size, color, secondary flowering) is not satisfactory; there are many weeds in ③ lawn, and there is a tendency of grass weeds in some areas; there is a situation of diseases and insect pests in ④.

1. We are prepared to take the following rectification measures:

1. Carry forward three-dimensional horticulture and shape hedges and shrubs. For flowering shrubs planted with embellishment, measures should be taken to promote their growth and shape according to the trend, which depends on the specific plant growth and plant shape. The hedges in the local area are highly regular, and the uniform strip undoubtedly makes the garden which should be free and leisurely mechanical and rigid. We can also try to trim it into a wavy shape, match it with the relaxed and leisure residential landscape, enliven the atmosphere of the whole garden and create a more fluent living environment.

2. Immediately start the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests. For plants with the characteristics of diseases and insect pests, large-scale chemical control should be carried out immediately.

3 、

4 、

5. Apply pesticides and increase the workload of manual pulling for lawn weeds. Different maintenance and management schemes were implemented for different plants (mainly fertilizer supply, base fertilizer, topdressing, foliar fertilizer, different plants have different fertilization methods and fertilizer choices in different seasons). Plants are listed. We classify all the plants, and then make a green sign to mark it.

All the plants in the area are listed for their families, genera, and living habits. This can be done.

Enrich the staff's plant knowledge, can also add to the cultural atmosphere of the park, and can be marked with eye-catching

Make greening get more attention.

6. greening and maintenance is not an overnight thing. While doing a good job in rectification and reform, we will also be right.

The same plants take different maintenance measures at different times, and we arrange our daily work month by month.

(the detailed rules are attached), in order to maximize the landscape effect in the blueprint.

We also ask Party A to put forward more suggestions to make our work perfect step by step.

7. Maintenance responsibility

During the contract maintenance period, our company organizes reasonably and carefully maintains according to the operation rules and quality standards of landscaping maintenance, and dispatches professional horticulturists to organize and arrange the management and protection work, and flexibly dispatch not less than experienced workers according to the weather and plant growth conditions of each season to complete the maintenance and management tasks in quality and quantity.

VI. Maintenance content

1. Management procedures: including the whole process of watering, opening nests and cultivating soil, pruning, fertilization, weeding, pruning and wiping buds, pest control, straightening, seedling replenishment (plus seedling fee). {maintenance measures of southern plant sea jujube.

2. Management tools:

A, flower shears, long shears, high-altitude shears, lawnmowers, lawnmowers

B, sprayer, bucket, bamboo dustpan

C, shovel, hoe, saw, chainsaw, ladder

D, fuel, maintenance costs

3. Maintenance content:

A, Arbor: apply organic fertilizer once a year, 0.25 kg cake fertilizer per plant, once topdressing, 0.1 kg compound fertilizer and mixed urea per tree, hole application, spraying, water and fertilizer, etc., and then covered with soil, drenched thoroughly, water penetration depth of more than 10 cm, timely prevention and control of diseases and insect pests, maintain the natural growth state of trees, without modeling and pruning. Timely cut off yellow branches, disease and insect branches, shade long branches and drooping branches that hinder the passage of vehicles, and clean up the pruning materials in time. Remove weeds around the roots once a week to make sure there are no weeds.

B, shrubs, hedgerows, bag seedlings: fertilize once a quarter, apply urea mixed compound fertilizer 10 kg per 667m2, use sprinkling and water fertilizer, etc., water once within three hours after application, once a day (except rainy days), water penetration depth of more than 10 cm, timely prevention and control of diseases and insect pests, trimmed into a circle, square line or cone line, weekly minor repair, monthly overhaul, cut smooth, beautiful, timely removal of trimmed objects Cut off dead branches, disease and insect branches in time, replant old and dead plants in time, and remove weeds once a week.

C, herbs: fertilize once a quarter, apply urea mixed compound fertilizer 10kg per 667m2, sprinkle water and water fertilizer, water within three hours after application, water once a day (except rainy days), water penetration depth of more than 10 cm, timely control of diseases and insect pests, cut off residual flowers once a week, remove weeds, cut off withered branches and yellow branches in time.

D, Taiwan grass: fertilize once a quarter, apply urea mixed compound fertilizer 10 kg per 667m2, fertilize evenly, water thoroughly, the depth of water penetration is more than 5 cm, control diseases and insect pests in time, replant withered and incomplete parts in time, the coverage rate is more than 98%, and prune 1-2 times a month.

(2) the specific arrangements for the maintenance of gardens in one year:

January: the coldest month of the year, with open-field trees dormant.

1. Winter pruning: fully carry out the shaping and pruning of deciduous trees; pruning dead branches, disabled branches, disease and insect branches on large and small trees and branches that hinder overhead lines and buildings.

2. Inspection of street trees: check the situation of binding and piling of street trees in time, and rectify them immediately when they find that they are loose, lead wire embedded skin, shaking piles and so on.

3. Pest control: winter is a favorable season to eliminate garden pests. The pupae and cocoons of the diamondback moth can be dug up and burned to death in the loose soil under the tree. Scale insects begin to move in mid-January, but they move slowly at this time, so we can scrape off the larvae on the tree trunk. Pest control in winter often has twice the result with half the effort.

4. Green space conservation: green space, flower beds and other places should pay attention to picking out large weeds; lawns should pick grass and cut edges in time; attention should be paid to anti-freezing watering in green space.

February: the temperature is higher than the previous month, and the trees are still dormant.

1. The maintenance is basically the same as in January.

2. Pruning: continue pruning withered and diseased branches of large and small trees. Trim all kinds of trees before the end of the month.

3. Pest control: continue to control diamondback moth and scale insects.

March: the temperature continues to rise. after the middle of the year, trees begin to sprout and some trees (such as camellia) blossom in the last ten days.

1. Planting trees: spring is a favorable time to plant trees. After the soil is thawed, we should seize the opportunity to plant trees immediately. Plan and design before planting large and small trees, dig (plane) a good tree hole in advance, and do as you dig, transport, plant and water. When planting shrubs, they should also be dug, transported and planted, and fully watered to improve the survival rate of seedlings.

2. Spring irrigation: due to spring drought, windy and large evaporation, green land should be watered in time in order to prevent spring drought.

3. Fertilization: after the soil is thawed, base fertilizer is applied to plants and irrigated. {maintenance measures of southern plant sea jujube.

4. prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: this month is the critical moment for the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests. Some seedlings appeared coal fouling disease, melon seeds and yellow poplar leaf roller also appeared (using spraying fenitrothion and other pesticides for control). The method of digging pupae can continue to be used to control diamondback moth.

April: as the temperature continues to rise, trees sprout and blossom or spread their leaves and begin to enter a period of vigorous growth.

1. Continue to plant trees: in the first ten days of April, we should seize the time to plant trees that sprout late, remove and replant shrubs (rhododendron, safflower, etc.) that die in winter, and fully water newly planted trees.

2. Irrigation: continue to water the green space in a timely manner.

3. Fertilization: combined irrigation of lawns and shrubs, topdressing available nitrogen fertilizer, or foliar spraying as needed.

4. Pruning: cut off the dry branches in winter and spring to trim the evergreen hedge.

5. Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: (1) after the second molting, scale insects gradually transferred to bark cracks, tree holes, trunk base, wall corners and other places to secrete white waxy cocoon pupation. Can be swept with a hard bamboo broom, and then concentrated deep burying or soaking. Or use the method of spraying fenitrothasone and other pesticides. (2) the longicorn beetle begins to move. You can use a grafting knife or self-made steel wire to remove the larvae, but the smaller the wound, the better. (3) Prevention and control of other diseases and insect pests.

6. green space conservation: pay attention to the picking of weeds and climbing plants in large green space. Grass picking and edge cutting should also be carried out on the lawn.

May: the temperature rises sharply and the trees grow rapidly.

1. Watering: trees need a lot of water when they are in full bloom, so they should be watered at the right time.

2. Pruning: pruning residual flowers. The street tree is pruned for the first time.

3. prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: continue to catch longicorn beetles. The first generation of diamondback moth hatched, but it has not reached the degree of harm, so the corresponding measures should be taken according to the actual situation in the conservation area. Coal fouling disease caused by scale insects and aphids has also entered a peak period (on crape myrtle, Haitong, oleander, etc.). In mid-and late May, 10-fold pine resin mixture and 50% trithiophos emulsion 1500-2000 times were sprayed to control diseases and kill pests. (other available pesticides such as insecticides, Huabao, etc.)

June: the temperature is high

1. Watering: plants need a lot of water, so they should be watered in time, not "watching the sky to eat".

2. Fertilization: combine loosening soil and weeding, fertilization and watering to achieve the best effect.

3. Pruning: continue to peel off buds and remove tillers from street trees. Pruning hedges, balls and some flowering shrubs. {maintenance measures of southern plant sea jujube.

4. Drainage work: when there is heavy rain, we should pay attention to the drainage work in low-lying areas.

5. Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: when the diamondback moth enters the peak incubation period in mid-and late June, timely measures should be taken. Now 50% fenitrothion emulsion is basically sprayed with 500-800 times liquid. (or sprayed with compound BT emulsion) continue to capture longicorn beetles by hand.

6. Do a good job in the inspection in front of the flood prevention platform for trees, and straighten, reinforce and re-bind the trees that are loose and inclined.

July: the temperature is the highest, and there will be strong winds and heavy rain after the middle of the year.

1. Transplant evergreen trees: during the rainy season, conifers and bamboos can be transplanted with sufficient water, but pay attention to weather changes and water them in time once they encounter high temperature.

2. Drainage: drainage should be done in time after heavy rain.

3. Topdressing: dry application of quick-acting fertilizer such as nitrogen fertilizer before rain.

4. Street trees: carry out anti-Taiwan peeling and pruning, trim all branches that are in contradiction with electric wires, and check the stumps one by one, and immediately straighten and tie them up when they are found to be loose and unstable. Prepare the labor organization, materials, tools and equipment in advance, and send someone to inspect it at any time to deal with the dangerous situation in time.

5. control of diseases and insect pests: continue to control longicorn beetles and diamondback moths. To control longicorn beetles, 50% fenitrothion 1:50 liquid injection can be used to control longicorn beetles, (or Guoshubao, or Yuanke No. 3), and then seal the hole, which can also achieve good results. Cinnamomum camphor nest borer should be cut off in time and the nest should be destroyed so as to avoid further harm.

August: it is still the rainy season

1, drainage: after heavy rain, the low-lying water should be drained in time.

2. Taiwan prevention of street trees: continue to do a good job of Taiwan prevention of street trees.

3. Pruning: in addition to the general summer tree pruning, the hedges should be styled and trimmed.

4. Weeding in the middle ploughing: weeds are also growing vigorously, so weeds should be weeded in time, and can be combined with weeding for fertilization.

5. prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: mainly catch longicorn beetles, pay attention to the capture of longicorn beetles in the root. The harm of aphids and camphor nest borer should be controlled in time. Attention should be paid to powdery mildew and rot in wet weather, and timely measures should be taken. September: the temperature has dropped, welcome the National Day to do a good job of related work.

1. Pruning: greet the appearance of the city and peel the buds below the third-level bifurcation of the street tree. Hedge shape trimming. Weeding in the green space, cutting the lawn edge, cleaning up the dead trees in time, so that the trees have green branches and green leaves, and the green space is clean and tidy.

2. Fertilization: for some trees whose growth is weak and the branches are not full enough, some phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be applied.

3. Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: perforation disease (cherry blossom, peach, plum, etc.) was the peak, and 1000-fold solution of 500% carbendazim was used to prevent infection. Longicorn beetles began to turn to root damage, pay attention to the capture of root longicorn beetles. The wood beetle moth on poplar and willow should also be controlled in time. Do a good job in the prevention and control of other diseases and insect pests.

4. Do well the inspection of all kinds of greening facilities before the festival.

October: the temperature drops, the early winter begins in late October, and the trees begin to shed their leaves and enter the dormant period one after another.

1. Be prepared to plant trees in autumn. As soon as the leaves of a hardy tree fall, you can start planting.

2. Green space conservation: timely removal of dead trees and timely watering. The work of picking grass and cutting the edge of green land and lawn should be done well. Fertilizers should be applied if the grass flowers do not grow well.

3. Control diseases and insect pests: continue to catch root longicorn beetles. Camphor nest borer should also pay attention to observation and control. November: the soil begins to freeze at night and enters the middle of winter.

1. Tree planting: continue to plant hardy plants and complete the soil before freezing.

2. Turn the soil: turn the soil on the green space to expose the pests that are ready to overwintering.

3. Watering: watering dry and consolidated soil should be completed before freezing.

4. Pest control all kinds of pests will be prepared for winter in the last ten days, and the task of pest control is relatively light.

December: low temperature, start winter maintenance work.

1. Winter pruning: pruning some evergreen trees and shrubs.

2. Eliminate overwintering diseases and insect pests.

3. Prepare for the adjustment work next year: after the deciduous plants have fallen leaves, observe the conservation area and draw the orientation to be adjusted.

VII. Quality objectives of green space conservation

(1) the technical measures of greening and maintenance are perfect and managed properly, so that the loess is not exposed to the sky.

2 garden plants

2.1 normal growth. All kinds of plants in the newly-built green space reached the normal form within three years, and the seedlings survived within one year due to the injury or death of plants and grasslands caused by poor management.

2.2 the crown of garden trees is basically complete, the distribution of main and side branches is symmetrical, the number is suitable, the pruning is reasonable, the inner chamber is not disorderly, and it is ventilated and transparent. Flowering shrubs blossom in time, normal, timely pruning after flowering. The branches and leaves of hedgerows and color blocks are normal and neat. There are no missing trees on the street and no dead trees in the green space.

2.3 the growth of new shoots of deciduous trees is normal, and the size and color of leaves are normal. under general conditions, yellow leaves, scorched leaves, rolled leaves and leaves with wormurine and insect net shall not exceed 5%, and the preservation rate of normal leaves is more than 90%. Needle

Part 3: "Annual Greening maintenance Plan"

Annual maintenance plan for greening

January

1. Pruning all kinds of deciduous trees in winter, cutting off dry and withered branches, overlapping branches, cross branches, disease and insect branches and lower side branches to ensure that the development of trees tends to be reasonable, the branch shape is improved, and the breeding of diseases and insect pests is reduced.

2. Proper thinning of overgrown trees can reduce diseases and insect pests and increase their growth.

3. Ploughing and turning the soil in winter, improving the soil, and fertilizing all trees, ground covers and lawns in winter to ensure the nutrient demand of seedlings and lawns.

4. Winter is a favorable season to eliminate garden pests. The pupae and cocoons of the diamondback moth can be dug up and burned to death in the loose soil under the tree.

5. According to the situation, individual kinds of lawns should be thinned and trimmed 1-2 times. February

1. Carry on the work of picking, pruning and fertilizing the lawn.

2. Do a good job in the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests, especially pay attention to the powdery mildew of narrow leaves and the grass scale of coral and star anise.

3. In particular, it is necessary to strengthen the anti-freezing and heat preservation measures for trees, and do a good job of loosening and cultivating soil around the roots of trees.

4. The cold-season lawn was topdressing (urea) 10g/ mu at the end of the month.

March

1. In order to prevent and control spring drought, trees should be watered in time.

2. The lawn should be rolled and weeded in time, and the winter grass in the tree bed and flower bed should be cleaned.

Purple back bamboo taro, synthetic fruit taro, white butterfly fruit taro, green apple, hanging bamboo plum, kidney fern, cold water flower, small clam orchid, white crane taro, safflower Lantana, safflower Lantana, yellow flower Lantana, purple flower Lantana, silver chrysanthemum, dragon spit bead, shrimp clothes flower, firecracker red, Tianmen winter, seaside evening primrose, saddle vine, ivy, lotus, ginger flower, dry umbrella grass, papyracea, iris, thousand qu vegetables, daffodils, lotus, water lily, water lily, dry umbrella grass Trifid chrysanthemum, safflower pulp grass, Brazilian peanut vine, calla, purple silk amaranth, round leaf amaranth, colored leaf grass, fine leaf cherry, red and green grass, onion orchid, leek orchid, red top red, lily, calla lily, Catharanthus roseus, false thrift grass, Manila grass, camellia grass, Bermuda grass, big leaf oil grass, zebra blunt grass, Baishi grass, short leaf Ophiopogon japonicus

7. Fujimoto

Big flower old duck bill, make gentleman, coral vine, Parthenocissus, firecracker flower, white flower oil sesame vine, beautiful Zhengtong, wisteria, Pili, turnip, morning glory, maple leaf morning glory, snake vine, plain square flower, big flower horse petals, garlic vine, wood rose, Lianlian, passionflower

Part 7: "document on the configuration of Common plants in South China"

Practical table of plant configuration-brief table of common plant configuration

Aquatic plants:

Wet plants: dry willow, weeping willow, cotton willow, sand willow, artemisia willow, soap willow, small leaf poplar, Liaoning poplar, sand cypress, round cypress, Platycladus orientalis, metasequoia, neem, maple poplar, ash, forsythia, elm, split leaf elm, pumpkin elm, Chinese tallow, cherry blossom, Eucommia ulmoides, Luan tree, hibiscus, hibiscus, oleander, Parthenocissus, grape, wisteria, acacia, Tamarix, buttercup, water hyacinth seedling, long leaf alkali hair, marsh willow leaf, willow leaf lai, Mao Su, Mao Su Fructus thunbergii, peppermint, fresh vegetable, mother-in-law, watercress, watercress, water sedge, water sedge, flower sedge, squash, red phosphates, bamboo rushes, rushes, small rushes, fine rushes, flat storage, common Polygonum, red Polygonum, tufted Polygonum, Polygonum polygonum, Polygonum willow, Polygonum polygonum, Rhizoma Polygoni, Polygonum officinalis, Polygonum officinalis, Polygonum cuspidatum, Polygonum cuspidatum. Euphorbia angustifolia, Rabdosia angustifolia, long Awn stick head, Wild Ancient Grass, Reed, Coix, Verbena, Wet plaque Bud,

Water-standing plants: spring onion, Reed, lotus root, mushroom, broad-leaf moss, alisma, lotus, Euphorbia angustifolia, cattail, Hedyotis diffusa, rainy flower, calamus, barracuda, rice, water pen, daffodil, water celery, Zizania caduciflora, taro, field grass, Reed, water chestnut, Jing trigonous, needle, water candle, umbrella sedge, broad-leaf cattail

Floating plants: duckweed, water hyacinth, water lily, Euryale seed, Wang lotus, Pingpeng grass, water hyacinth, water shield, raccoon, floating fern, keel petal,

Submerged plant: goldfish algae, in front of the water wheel

Color-leaf plants:

Red or purple: maple incense, lacquer tree, chicken claw maple, tea striped maple, southern snake vine, red oak, maple, tallow, torch tree, salt skin wood, Juglans mandshurica, southern Tianzhu, Wei spear, Hawthorn, Coptis chinensis, maple poplar, Berberis, Hubei goose ear poplar, Parthenocissus chinensis

Golden or yellowish brown: ginkgo, persimmon, Koeluan, goose palm autumn, sycamore, elm, walnut, catalpa, metasequoia, crape myrtle, elm, nan tree, sour jujube, kiwifruit, seven-leaf tree, water elm, wax plum, pomegranate, yellow locust, witch hazel, free from disease, acacia

Aromatic plants:

The aromatic plants that can be planted in residential areas are: peppermint, basil, bee flower, chamomile, lemon grass, sage, dandelion, marigold, thyme, chicory, geranium, mallow and other herbs, lavender, rosemary, gardenia, rose, lemon verbena and other shrubs.

The four seasons take turns fragrant woody plant configuration such as: spring plum blossom, orange blossom; summer gardenia, white orchid; autumn sweet-scented osmanthus and winter wax plum.

Anti-pollution and anti-exhaust plants: Robinia pseudoacacia, paulownia, white pine, juniper, coral tree, heather, Haitong, star anise gold plate, etc.

Nitrogen-fixing plants: Robinia pseudoacacia, honeysuckle, acacia, Caragana, soybean, Huzhizi, sweet sweet pea, red bayberry, Elaeagnus cycads.

Honey source to attract birds and butterflies plants: dwarf yew, rohan pine, Torreya grandis, tortoise torreya torreya, tortoise torreya torreya, camphor, Yangmei, Yangmei, peach, leaf coral, firethorn, yellow pod, Haitong, Jinpan and other large-leaf intoxicated fish grass and Coptis chinensis other fragrant flowers (such as citrus plants of Rutaceae)

Perennial (persistent root) flowers: torch flower (torch lotus) feather fan bean blue fescue falling bride golden chicken chrysanthemum passing by yellow chicken chrysanthemum passing by yellow chicken chrysanthemum, large flower okra, peppermint, red flower, thistle leaf chrysanthemum iron chopsticks, garlic, day lily, Iris, purple dew grass, hairpin, flower leaf, canna, red leaf, canna, Dutch chrysanthemum, big Wu wind grass, Bletilla striata, persistent root beauty

Flowers and trees of the four seasons:

Spring: all kinds of cherry blossoms (morning cherry, evening cherry, weeping cherry, etc.), all kinds of begonia (Xifu begonia, papaya begonia, stick stem begonia, etc.), Magnoliaceae (Magnolia, Michelia, Michelia, etc.), Bauhinia, Red leaves, etc.

Plums, peach blossoms, camellias, primroses, cloves and so on.

Summer: crape myrtle, hibiscus, eight immortal flowers, Michelia, summer cuckoo, pomegranate (flower), gardenia, Lingxiao, acacia, acacia autumn: sweet-scented osmanthus, crape myrtle, hibiscus, pomegranate, hibiscus, Lingxiao, etc.

Honeysuckle, Phyllostachys pubescens, Plum Blossom, Michelia, Camellia, Camellia, etc.

Classification of common greening tree species:

(1) evergreen conifers

1. Trees: Cedar, Korean pine, black pine, dragon cypress, Masson pine, cypress, cycad, Nanyang fir, Cryptomeria fortunei, Torreya grandis

two。 Shrubs: (Luohan pine), cypress, cypress, creeping cypress, Japanese Cryptomeria fortunei, five-needle pine

(2) deciduous conifers (no shrubs):

Trees: Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Pinus elliottii, Cryptomeria fortunei, Cryptomeria fortunei

(3) evergreen broad-leaved trees:

1. Trees: camphor, magnolia, privet, palm

two。 Shrubs: coral tree, big leaf yellow poplar, melon seed yellow poplar, sparrow tongue yellow poplar, wolfbone, orange tree, heather, Haitong, sweet-scented osmanthus, oleander, Huang Xin, Yingchun, golden coral, Phyllostachys pubescens, June snow, lobular privet, star anise plate, gardenia, mosquito mother, camellia, hypericum, rhododendron, silk orchid (polo flower, arrow hemp), cycad (iron tree), ten great efforts

(4) deciduous broad-leaved trees:

1. Trees: weeping willow, straight willow, maple poplar, dragon claw willow, Sapium sebiferum, Sophora japonica, Qingtong.

Paulownia, Platycladus orientalis (French sycamore), Sophora locust (Robinia pseudoacacia), Robinia pseudoacacia, Albizia, Ginkgo biloba, neem (neem), catalpa

two。 Shrubs: Cherry blossom, Magnolia, peach blossom, wax plum, crape myrtle, bauhinia, Qi tree, green maple, red leaf plum, sticking begonia, bell hanging begonia, eight immortal flowers, hemp leaf hydrangea, golden bell flower (gold bar), hibiscus (hibiscus), mountain hemp pole (Guiyuan tree), pomegranate

(5) Bamboo: Cixiao bamboo, Phyllostachys pubescens, Phyllostachys pubescens, Guanyin bamboo, Phoenix tail bamboo, Buddha belly bamboo, gold inlaid Jasper bamboo

(6) Fujimoto: wisteria, Luoshi, Dijin (Parthenocissus, Parthenocissus), ivy, grapevine, Fufang vine

(7) Flowers: sunflower, everlasting chrysanthemum, red, canna, amaranth, cabbage, chrysanthemum, orchid

(8) Lawn: velvet grass, Zoysia grass, Ophiopogon japonicus, four seasons grass, tall fescue, Manila grass, clover, horseshoe Jin

Detailed list of common plant configuration

Commonly used street tree table

Tree features of nomenclature family

Camphor Cinnamomun camphcra large evergreen trees of the family Lauraceae, with alternate leaves, Ternate veins, two aromas and globose berries.

Platanus Platanus x acerifolia Egg-shaped like warm, anti-pollution, resistant to pruning. The crown is big and shady, so it is suitable for street trees and courtyard shade trees.

Maple Liquidamdar formosana Hance. Conical deciduous tree of the family Hamamelidaceae, having smooth gray bark, triangular leaves, slow growth and beautiful appearance.

Phoenix wood Delonix regia Raffin haemataceae umbrella-shaped positive, like warm and hot climate, not cold-resistant, fast-growing, anti-pollution, wind-resistant; beautiful red flowers, florescence from May to August

The umbrella-shaped pollen of the mimosa family of Albizia julibrissin is red, from June to July, it is suitable for ornamental trees and street trees.

Acacia Albizia farnesiana Wild. Umbrella-shaped deciduous subtrees of the mimosa family, fast-growing, dense branches and leaves, golden flowers and excellent tree potential

Weeping willow Salix babylonica Linn. The umbrella-shaped deciduous subtree of Salicaceae, suitable for low temperature, luxuriant and rapid growth, and beautiful tree appearance.

Banyan Ficus retusa Linn.. Spherical deciduous tree of Moraceae, having a broad crown, fast-growing and strong canopy, suitable for all kinds of pruning

Camphor tree Cinnamomum camphora Ness. Spherical evergreen tree of the family Lauraceae, having a broad, large round crown, strong growth and beautiful appearance.

Pukui Livitonia chinensis R.Br. The umbrella tree of Palmaceae is erect with dark green leaves, strong growth and beautiful posture.

Longan tree Euphoria longana Lanark. The round evergreen trees of the disease-free family have a round crown, strong canopy, slow growth and beautiful posture.

Azadirachta azedarach Melia azedarach Linn. Umbrella-shaped deciduous tree of the family Azadirachaceae, having a fast-growing, deformed crown, slightly umbrella-shaped, and lilac flowers.

Sycamore Sterculia platanifolia L. Umbrella-shaped evergreen trees of the family Polygonaceae, having broad leaves, rapid growth, erect young, and scattered crowns of the eldest.

Broussonetia papyrifera Vent. Umbrella-shaped evergreen trees of the family Shouma, with large, thin leaves, scattered branches, umbrella-shaped crown and beautiful posture.

Red poplar Alnus formosana Makino. Fagaceae umbrella-shaped evergreen tree, able to withstand heat and humidity, uncomfortable on dry land and hard soil, tall and beautiful

Faxinus insularis Hemsl. Oleaceae umbrella-shaped evergreen trees, strong, fast-growing, graceful leaf-shaped southern fir Araucaria cuninghamii coniferous evergreen coniferous trees, positive, like warm and hot climate, not cold-resistant, like fertilizer, fast growth, narrow conical crown, graceful posture

Qinghai spruce Picea carassifolia Pinaceae tower-shaped evergreen coniferous tree, neutral, shallow root, suitable for Northwest China

Pinus koraiensis Pinus koraiensis tower-shaped evergreen conifers, weakly positive, like cold, cool, humid climate and acid soil, needles blue-green

Round cypress (juniper) Sabina chinensis conical evergreen coniferous tree, positive, young trees slightly tolerant to shade, drought and barren, cold, slightly resistant to moisture, pruning, dustproof and sound insulation

Magnolia Magnolia grandiflora L. Ovoid evergreen tree of the family Magnoliaceae with fragrant white flowers and graceful tree shape

Acacia Acacia confusa Merr. Leguminous umbrella-shaped evergreen trees having smooth bark when young, rough when the eldest, curved trunk and strong growth

Sea jujube Phoenix dactylifera L. Palmaceae pinnate evergreen broad-leaved tree with bifurcated trunk, strong heat resistance, strong growth and beautiful posture

Long-leaf sunflower (Canary jujube) Phoenix dactylifera pinnately evergreen broad-leaved tree of the family Palmaceae, having a stout trunk, tall and majestic, and densely spreading pinnate leaves

Wang Brown (King Coconut) Oreodoxa regia H.B.K. Palm family umbrella-shaped single-stem erect, up to 18m high, slightly hypertrophy in the central part, pinnately compound leaves, strong vitality and great ornamental value

Ginkgo biloba Ginkgo biloba, umbrella-shaped deciduous broad-leaved tree of Ginkgo biloba, having yellow autumn leaves, cold tolerance, deep roots, resistance to stagnant water, resistance to a variety of poisonous gases

Liriodendron (Liriodendron) Liriodendron chinense umbrella-shaped deciduous broad-leaved tree of Magnoliaceae, like warm and humid climate, strong resistance, fertile acid soil, rapid growth, long life, leaves similar to mandarin, yellow-green flowers, large and beautiful.

Chinese white poplar Populus tomentosa umbrella-shaped deciduous broad-leaved tree of Populus tomentosa, like warm and cool climate, anti-pollution, deep roots, fast-growing, long life; straight tree shape, straight trunk, gray-white bark

Populus tomentosa Populus nigra var. Italica Salicaceae narrow cylindrical deciduous broad-leaved tree, cold-resistant and drought-resistant, slightly resistant to saline-alkali and water humidity, and growing fast.

Ulmus parvifolia Ulmaceae umbrella-shaped deciduous broad-leaved tree, like warm and humid climate, resistant to drought and barren, deep-rooted, fast-growing, long life, resistant to smoke and dust, strong dust retention ability

Feather-leaf maple (double-leaf maple) Acer negundo umbrella deciduous broad-leaved tree, like fertile soil and cool and humid climate, smoke and dust resistance, dry and cold resistance, light saline-alkali resistance, pruning resistance, autumn leaf yellow {conservation measures of southern plant sea jujube.

Commonly used landscape tree property table

Tree features of nomenclature family

Camphor Cinnamomun camphcra large evergreen trees of the family Lauraceae, with alternate leaves, Ternate veins, two aromas and globose berries.

Platanus Platanus x acerifolia Egg-shaped like warm, anti-pollution, resistant to pruning. The crown is big and shady, so it is suitable for street trees and courtyard shade trees.

Magnolia Magnolia grandiflora L. Ovoid evergreen tree of the family Magnoliaceae with fragrant white flowers and graceful tree shape

Magnolia Magnolia denudata umbrella shape is quite hardy, afraid of stagnant water. The flowers are white and blossom from March to April. Suitable for garden viewing.

Liriodendron (Liriodendron) Liriodendron chinense umbrella-shaped deciduous broad-leaved tree of Magnoliaceae, like warm and humid climate, strong resistance, fertile acid soil, rapid growth, long life, leaves similar to mandarin, yellow-green flowers, large and beautiful.

Platycladus orientalis Thuja orientalis Linn conical evergreen tree, neatly shaped when young, often curved when the eldest, strong growth, long life, beautiful tree

Faxinus insularis Hemsl. Oleaceae round evergreen tree, strong, rapid growth, beautiful leaf shape Chongyang Bischoffia javanica Blanco Euphorbiaceae round evergreen tree, young leaves sprouting, very beautiful, strong growth, beautiful tree

Weeping willow Salix babylonica Linn. The umbrella-shaped deciduous subtree of Salicaceae, suitable for low temperature, luxuriant and rapid growth, and beautiful tree appearance.

Calocedrus macrolepis Kurz cypress umbrella-shaped evergreen trees with grayish brown bark irregularly longitudinally lobed; branchlets alternate green when young flattened.

Dawang coconut Roystonea regia Palmaceae umbrella-shaped erect, up to 18m high, slightly hypertrophy in the central part, pinnately compound leaves, strong vitality and great ornamental value

Euonymus tomentosa Euonymus japonica is ovoid in warm and humid climate, resistant to poisonous gases. Watch the leaves. Suitable for hedgerow and basic planting.

Maple Liquidamdar formosana Hance. Conical deciduous tree of the family Hamamelidaceae, having smooth gray bark, triangular leaves, slow growth and beautiful appearance.

Maple poplar Pterocarya stenoptera Walnut has strong umbrella adaptability, moisture resistance and fast growth. Suitable for shade trees, street trees and bank protection trees

Evergreen creeping dwarf shrub of the family Sabina procumbens, with branches climbing to the ground and leaves with spiny leaves. Slow growth, unique tree style, green and smooth branches. The suitable land is beautified around the courtyard stone, pool, sand pit, slope and so on. {maintenance measures of southern plant sea jujube.

Duranta repens round evergreen shrubs of Verbenaceae. Suitable for large potted plants, flower beds and hedges. Yellow leaf forsythia is mainly for viewing leaves and has a wide range of uses. it can be used for ground cover, trimming modeling, forming patterns or emphasizing color matching. Chinese wolfberry Ilex cornuta is round and resistant to poisonous gases and grows slowly. Green leaves and red fruits are very beautiful. Suitable for basic planting. Broussonetia papyrifera Vent. Umbrella-shaped evergreen trees of the family Shouma, having large, thin leaves, scattered branches and beautiful posture

Ulmus parvifolia Ulmaceae umbrella-shaped deciduous broad-leaved tree, like warm and humid climate, resistant to drought and barren, deep-rooted, fast-growing, long life, resistant to smoke and dust, strong dust retention ability

A conical evergreen middle tree of Juniperus Chinensis Linn cypress family, having dense dark green branches, strong growth, suitable for pruning and beautiful posture.

The round white flower of Pittosporum tobira family is fragrant and blossoms in May. Suitable for basic planting, hedges or potted plants. Sea jujube Phoenix dactylifera Linn has umbrella-shaped dry tillering, up to 20-25m high, gray-white leaves with curved bow, strong growth and beautiful trees.

The umbrella shape of Salix matsudana Willow is suitable for shade trees, street trees and bank protection trees.

The umbrella-shaped pollen of the mimosa family of Albizia julibrissin is red, from June to July, it is suitable for ornamental trees and street trees.

Black pine Pinus Thumbergii Porl. Conical evergreen trees of the family Pinaceae, having grayish brown bark, orange-yellow branchlets, hard two-tufted leaves and long life

Red leaf plum Prunus cerasifera. F.arropurpurea small deciduous umbrella-shaped tree of the Rosaceae, having smooth, reddish-brown branchlets, ovate leaves, all-purplish red, light pink flowers in April, and purple drupes. It is suitable to plant alone and in groups, setting off the background.

Washington Palm Washingtonia filifera Wend. Palmaceae umbrella-shaped single trunk cylindrical, base hypertrophy, as high as 4cm 8m, fan-shaped round leaves, healthy growth, beautiful tree posture {conservation measures of southern plant sea jujube.

Sophora japonica Leguminosae has dense umbrella-shaped branches and broad crown, so it is suitable for shade and street trees.

Huanghuai Cassia glauca Lam. Round deciduous tree of the family Leguminosae having even-pinnately compound leaves and yellow flowers and fast-growing beautiful trees

Feather-leaf maple (double-leaf maple) Acer negundo umbrella-shaped deciduous broad-leaved tree of the family Aceraceae, like fertile soil and cool and humid climate, resistant to smoke, dry and cold, light saline-alkali, pruning, yellow autumn leaves

Acer palmatum Aceraceae has beautiful umbrella-shaped leaves with red autumn leaves. It is suitable for garden viewing and potted plants.

Pseudolarix amabilis Rehd. Pinaceae ovoid tower-shaped evergreen trees, branches and leaves sparse, leaves strip-shaped, long branches alternate, leaflets radial, tree posture strong and straight.

Wine bottle coconut Hyophorbe amaricaulis Mart. Palmaceae umbrella-shaped dry height of about 3 m, the base oval hypertrophy, forming a wine bottle, the posture is very beautiful

Orange tree Citrus reticulata Rutaceae round flowers white, fruit yellowish green, fragrant. Suitable for cluster planting.

Melia azedarch Linn. Round deciduous tree of the family azadirachaceae, having grayish brown bark, bifurcate odd, pinnately compound leaves, purple flowers, and rapid growth.

Serissa serissoides round evergreen shrubs of Rubiaceae. The leaves are dark green, the flowers are snow-white and slightly pink. Slender branches and leaves, good texture, suitable for potted plants, hedges, ground covers, flower beds, pruning shapes.

Juniperus chinensis var. Kaituka, Hort Cypress erect tower-shaped evergreen middle trees, dense branches, dark green, strong growth, long life, beautiful posture

S. J. cv. Pendula leguminous umbrella-shaped branches drooping, suitable for garden ornamental, opposite or row planting

S. M. cv. The round branches of Tortuosa Salicaceae are twisted like dragons, which are suitable for shade and ornamental trees.

Prince Robbie Phehix Roebelenii Brien. Palmaceae umbrella-shaped stem erect, 2m high, petiole thin and small, leaflets alternate, or opposite, is an excellent variety of beautiful leaves.

Podocaarpus macrophyllus D. Don long conical evergreen trees of the family Luohansong, elegant and elegant, can be trimmed into high-grade bonsai materials, or shaped into circles, cones and layers for landscaping.

Masson pine Pinus massoniana Lamb. Umbrella-shaped evergreen trees of Pinaceae having reddish-brown dry skins and brown winter buds. The tree is majestic.

South Nandina domestica berberaceae umbrella-shaped branches and leaves are beautiful, autumn and winter red fruit; garden ornamental, can be planted in clusters or pots. Araucaria ecelsa Br. Conical evergreen coniferous trees of Taxodiaceae, having whorled branches, drooping lower parts, dark green leaves, beautiful appearance and strong growth

Ligustrum lucidum Ligustrum lucidum. Oleaceae ovate flowers white, flowering in June. Suitable for hedges or street trees.

Livistona chinensis R. Br. The umbrella-shaped stem of Palmaceae can be up to 612 m high, with round leaves, spiny edges of petiole, luxuriant growth and elegant posture.

Junlperus chinensis cv. Globosa. Broad-rounded shrubs of the cypress family, without trunk and clustered with branches.

Green maple Acer serrulatum Aceraceae umbrella-conical deciduous trees. Dry upright. The posture of the tree is light and soft, which can form a noble bonsai for elegant street trees, landscaped trees and forest bath trees.

B. bodinieri is suitable for ornamental garden because of its fine ovate branches and leaves. It can be planted in clusters, hedges or potted plants. Japanese Cryptomeria fortunei Cryptomeria japonica D. Don Taxodiaceae conical, ovate, round evergreen trees. The branches are whorled, euphemistic

Part 8: cultivation and Conservation of Palm plants

Palmaceae is a very characteristic evergreen plant in Monocotyledon class, its stem is solitary or tufted, erect or climbing; leaves gather at the top of the stem, developed roots, drought tolerance, barren tolerance, strong resistance to diseases and insect pests, excellent effect in creating tropical landscape style. This edition will introduce its introduction, transplanting and disease control.

Brief introduction of introduction process

There are about 2400 species of palms belonging to 183 genera in the world, which are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical humid areas of the world. High temperature and high humidity are important conditions for the normal growth and development of most palm plants. a few palm plants have a unique ability to adapt to adverse environment, such as silver jujube (wild jujube) distributed in extremely arid areas on the edge of the desert. and many palm species that can endure flooding for a long time, such as swamp palm. Most palm plants are rich in fiber, tough stems, well-developed roots, and strong wind resistance, such as false betel nut and sunflower.

Since the 1940s, the landscape effect of palm plants has been recognized in the construction of many tropical and subtropical cities around the world, and they have been used as key varieties for urban greening and beautification, such as Miami in the United States, Jakarta in India, Bangkok in Thailand, and Cape Town and Singapore in South Africa.

Some garden companies in Guangdong began to introduce and apply palm plants since the early 1980s. Over the next two decades, southern provinces such as Guangxi, Fujian and Yunnan, as well as Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shanghai, Chongqing and Yunnan, have successively set off an upsurge of introduction, production and application of palms.

According to the theories of plant geography and ecology, several units headed by Guangdong Palm Garden Company observed and studied the growth and mortality of introduced and domesticated palms. It is found that the plants originating from the northern hemisphere generally have the potential of cold tolerance because of the ancient glacial climate, while the species native to high latitudes and high elevations in the southern hemisphere also have strong cold tolerance. Through the study of cold tolerance and cold tolerance mechanism of palm plants, researchers found that the main factors affecting introduction and domestication are temperature, light, humidity, moisture, soil and so on. The most significant role of temperature factor is to dominate the growth and development of plants, and low temperature in winter is the dominant factor affecting the success or failure of palm introduction and domestication; through the study of salt tolerance and shade tolerance of palms, researchers have selected a number of varieties with strong salt-alkali tolerance and shade tolerance; at the same time, through the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests such as palm Phytophthora, coconut leaf beetle and red palm weevil, the incidence of palm diseases and insect pests has been greatly reduced. In addition, the researchers also studied the mechanism of palm seed germination, summarized and invented the technology of palm seed germination, and mastered the techniques of full crown transplantation and large container seedling cultivation of palm plants. and effective work has been done on soil improvement, cold protection and conservation in winter.

At present, researchers have selected and popularized about 80 species of palm plants in South China, including Dawang coconut, sunflower, palm bamboo, southern coconut, fish-tail sunflower, and so on. More than 10 species of palm plants have been successfully applied in Shanghai and its surrounding areas, such as Budi coconut, Washington palm, Canary jujube, Washington coconut, and so on.

Take Washington Brown as an example.

Discussion on the occurrence and control of Phytophthora

Harm and general symptoms of Phytophthora palmiti

The disease is often harmful to palm plants such as coconut, sunflower, Washington brown, old sunflower, Canadian jujube, etc., the heart leaves of the diseased plant can not erupt normally, the new leaves shrink and wither, and in serious cases, the whole plant wilts. The pathogen of Phytophthora is caused by Phytophthora and can be identified by incubator. The pathogen overwintered mainly in the soil or on the remains of diseased plants. Germs spread through watering, rain splash, air flow and so on.

Incidence regularity of Phytophthora in Washington

The disease occurred during the period of high temperature and humidity in summer and autumn. Poor management before drought and rain or after transplanting, such as pouring water, soil water content

Plants that are suddenly elevated, poorly ventilated, or located in the tuyere are susceptible to disease. The disease is serious in low-lying, poor drainage and continuous cropping land. In addition, the disease is often related to serious root injury caused by digging seedlings and long-distance transportation.

When it occurs, the base of the undeveloped young heart leaves rot, and the leaves are grayish green and drooping, which can be pulled out with a little effort. Dissecting the stem, it can be seen that there are paste secretions and foul smell in the growing point and even the heart of the whole plant, and white mildew can grow in the susceptible tissue. Seriously affected plants often suffer from root damage, and the main symptoms are blackening and rotting of the roots.

Taste. The disease mainly occurs in the seedling stage and nursery, and the adult trees planted on the green space rarely occur.

Symptom

In recent years, the damage in the nursery is quite serious. At the initial stage of the disease, the yellowish-brown watery spot occurred near the ground, the spot expanded rapidly, slightly sunken, the surface was dense white cavernous mold when it was wet, and the disease part rotted and smelly. When the disease occurs on the leaves, the diseased part is yellowish brown and white mildew grows under wet conditions. When the disease occurred on the stem, it was dark green at first, then expanded, moist and softened, and the upper part of the stem withered in the later stage. The disease can harm the whole palm plant. Sometimes the roots and stems are cut open with purulent fluid exudation, and in severe cases, the veins of young leaves have a large number of gray-black mycelia. Phytophthora is a vascular bundle disease. In severe cases, the whole plant wilts, droops and dries up to death, and the mortality rate is high.

According to the investigation, the peak period of the disease is the period of high temperature and humidity, that is, the optimum temperature is 27 ℃ to 35 ℃. For example, in 2006, the onset period in the coastal areas near the Pearl River Delta was from July to October, from August to November in Xiamen, from June to September in Shanghai (also in early spring), and from August to November in the mountains in the western Pearl River Delta. However, the disease can be seen in all parts of the country from January to February after typhoon and rainstorm. Sometimes sporadic, sometimes in patches.

Prevention and cure method

1. Prevention of cultivation measures

1. Pay attention to the ventilation, dryness and drainage of the nursery, trim the leaves appropriately in autumn and winter every year, and dig holes and cultivate the soil to keep the nursery dry. Potassium fertilizer can be applied at ordinary times, quicklime and superphosphate can also be applied respectively to enhance plant tissue density and infection resistance and improve plant disease resistance.

two。 To select a good plot, it is necessary to choose loam or sandy loam land with high topography and good drainage for planting.

3. Rotation is implemented, requiring rotation for more than three to four years on land that has been planted with Washington brown.

4. Strengthen field management, increase the application of organic fertilizer, promote plant growth, deep roots and leaves, and improve resistance. Carry out high ridge (border) cultivation. Proper control of watering in the rainy season, timely drainage after rain, so that the rain is dry; timely watering in case of drought, flooding is strictly prohibited during watering, and carried out in sunny afternoon or evening.

5. Give priority to prevention and comprehensive prevention. Usually pay attention to observation, often prune dead branches and leaves, find diseased plants, clean them up in time, bury them deeply or burn them, and disinfect the diseased points with lime.

II. Chemical control

One or two months before and during the onset of summer, 64% alum wettable powder (1 ∶ 500 to 600), 80% aluminum ethyl phosphate (1 ∶ 400), or other dioxin, such as carbendazim, that is, Tushuxiao (common dosage is 600 to 700 times), stone sulfur mixture (1 ∶ 1 ∶ 100), dioxone (500 times), etc. Specific prevention and control methods: when transplanting Washington brown, first spray the planting site and Washington brown roots with 600 to 700 times solution of soil bacteria, or dig a pit to sterilize in the sun on a continuous sunny day, or sprinkle lime powder to disinfect, or disinfect the soil with 500 times solution of dimethazone.

After the typhoon, timely spray disinfectant alum (better) or ethyl phosphate aluminum (easy to produce drug resistance), add 0.4% washing powder to heart or spray prevention and treatment. It can also be sprayed with 80% mancozeb 700 times solution, once every 7 to 10 days, even two or three times, which can effectively prevent and control the occurrence of Phytophthora. After taking this measure, the incidence of Washington Brown and Mao Washington Brown in the Shanghai base of Guangdong Palm Garden Company has dropped from 20% in 2004 to less than 10%.

Experience of prevention and treatment

The control effect of carbendazim is not obvious. At the initial stage of the disease, if all the leaves are cut off and transplanted elsewhere, about 30% of the plants can be revived one after another after 2 to 3 years, but the growth is poor.

It is understood that the disease rarely occurs in high-temperature and dry areas such as Los Angeles, so the disease is related to high temperature and humidity, and it is infected through surface water, groundwater and Rain Water. When the roots, trunks and leaves of the plant are damaged, the bacteria invade and multiply in large quantities when the water is sufficient, which eventually leads to the blockage of vascular conducting tissue and the loss of water and wilting and death of the plant. In fact, the heart rot introduced in the literature is also Phytophthora, but it occurs in the heart lobe.

The disease is different from anthrax, which occurs in leaves, appears watery spots, and then expands into larger spots, which is easy to be found. generally, carbendazim and other agents can be used for prevention and treatment. As for leaf spot disease, it refers to the disease on leaves, the common pathogens are leaf spot mold, Alternaria, and so on, which often cause leaf blight, but anthracnose and leaf spot rarely cause plant death. Technique of transplanting large seedlings of single stem

Preparation before transplantation

l. The roots of the seedlings to be transplanted were cut in advance, the size of the soil ball was twice the diameter of the ground, and the depth of the roots was 50 cm to 60 cm. The broken root soil should be backfilled in time after removing stones and broken roots, and do a good job of moisturizing: the purpose is to calcine the adaptability of seedlings and tend to grow new roots. After cutting the root, it is best to retain it for more than 30 days, and not transplant until the new root begins to germinate. If the use of false planting seedlings, the effect is better.

two。 Dig holes and prepare for ploughing. The planting site is burrowed 20 days before transplantation, and the size of the hole is generally 1.5 times that of the earth ball. When the burrowed soil is exposed to the sun in the open air for a period of time, it is best to use pre-prepared mixed soil: pond mud + farm manure or mushroom soil + appropriate amount of mature phosphate fertilizer + appropriate amount of river sand, sand ∶ mud is 4 ∶ 6.

Planting time

The Pearl River Delta region can be transplanted throughout the year, preferably in spring and autumn, and try to avoid summer and winter, especially in January and July. Palm plants mostly like temperature and humidity, the summer air temperature is high, and the seedlings evaporate quickly, which is easy to cause too much water loss and affect survival; in winter, the temperature is low, there is even frost in some places, and the strong north wind is easy to cause frostbite or even freeze to death of seedlings.

Transplanting seedlings

The stem of some single-stem palm seedlings is thicker, the workload of transplanting is heavy, and the seedlings are easy to be injured, so it is necessary to use gunny bags or straw to cover the trunk, especially the green trunk at the boundary between the trunk and petiole. One is to protect and expand the tree trunk, and the other is to moisturize and protect against the sun. In addition, the seedlings are combined with pruning leaves to remove old leaves and retain 40% to 45% of the leaves (depending on the strength of the tree). At the same time, cut off the leaf and petiole to reduce the evaporation of water.

Planting

The seedlings had better be planted on the same day. If the time is too long, the water evaporation of the seedlings is large, and it is easy to survive due to water loss. If you can't finish planting on the same day, cover it with a shade net and spray a small amount of water on the leaves every day to shade and moisturize.

1. Return to the soil to set the position of the seedlings, that is, to return to the soil. When you return the soil to half the height of the earth ball, the loose soil will be compacted first. After returning to the soil, the mound is made into a "water storage basin" with a slightly higher surrounding and a slightly lower middle to facilitate water retention and moisturizing.

two。 Immediately after dripping water back to the soil, immediately drench the root water, before dripping water, use bamboo sticks to insert the loose soil around the soil ball, until the loose soil no longer sinks.

3. There are many kinds of fixed supports, and the triangular support made of three bamboo poles is the most economical and practical one. The height of the binding is at 2 stroke 3 of the trunk.

Post-planting management

l. Moisturizing spray leaf and trunk bandage twice a day, except in rainy days, to spray wet leaf and trunk bandage. The roots are not drenched with water, because there is excess water flowing down, and the stagnant water causes rotten roots. Cover straw around the tree head to prevent the soil from hardening caused by excessive soil temperature difference, and keep the soil around the soil ball loose, moist and aerated, which is conducive to the germination of new roots.

two。 Fangfeng is generally tall because the large seedlings of single-stem palm plants are generally high, and they are often affected by thunderstorms and strong winds after transplantation, so it is necessary to regularly check whether the support is loose after planting, especially if you find that the trunk is tilted after the gale.

3. About a month after topdressing, urea water can be used as extra-root topdressing, spray, topdressing time about half a month. After the first new leaf is grown and ripe, dig holes and fertilize with fully mature peanut bran. The hole-digging position is outside the edge of the soil ball to open a circular trench with a width and depth of 30 cm, and the fertilizer and backfill should be mixed evenly.

4. Because of the relatively weak tree potential, the newly transplanted single-stem palm seedlings are extremely vulnerable to diseases and insect pests, especially young leaves and heart leaves. Insecticidal can be killed with 5% methamidophos and 5% omethoate. At present, the invasive pest "coconut leaf beetle" is very harmful to palm plants. Adults and larvae concentrate on the foliage of heart leaves that have not yet been unfolded, resulting in the death of some or all of the newly extracted leaves and slow growth of the damaged plants. even withered. There are the following prevention and control methods: ① 81% marathon emulsion 1000 times, ② cypermethrin 500x solution, ③ use of "coconut Jiaqing", can achieve a good control effect. According to the actual operation, the author thinks that the most simple, convenient and long-term method is to combine with binding "Coconut Jia Qing" to prevent and cure it on the heart leaves.

About a month after planting, palm science university seedlings can determine whether they survive according to whether their leaves remain green or not, but in order to really determine their survival, it is generally necessary to wait for a growing season and take whether they have sent out new shoots and roots as the standard. After the author adopts the above transplanting techniques, the transplanting survival rate is increased from 75% to more than 90%, and the above techniques are highly operational, so it is necessary to popularize and apply them.

Transplanting techniques of seedlings, big trees and clump seedlings

Key techniques of seedling transplanting

Palm plants are most suitable for transplanting within a period of time after they germinate and take root. At this time, the seedlings are small and can be transplanted with seeds. in addition, there are few whisker roots, so it is not easy to damage the roots when transplanting seedlings. Using nutrition bag to raise seedlings, the size depends on the time of cultivating seedlings. Generally speaking, it is appropriate to use 16 cm × 18 cm container for 1-year-old seedlings and 19 cm × 20 cm for 2-year-old seedlings. Too small nutrition bag is not conducive to the rapid growth of seedlings. Loose topsoil, burning soil and wheat bran were mixed with a small amount of phosphate fertilizer according to the ratio of 5 ∶ 2 ∶ 1, and then bagged. First put in half a bag of mixed soil and then release the seedlings, then straighten the seedlings and compact them, so that the roots of the seedlings are close to the mixed soil and drenched through water. Palm plants should not be planted too deep, otherwise the growth of seedlings will be affected. When it is too deep, the seedlings should be lifted up to make the roots of the seedlings expand.

Key techniques for transplanting big trees

Palm plants are cultivated in the nursery for 5 to 10 years, and most of them need to be transplanted in separate beds for several times, so sparse planting and strong seedlings are selected, and the survival rate is higher.

To reduce the damage to the root group, the root tissue of palm plants is young, and there are many lateral roots and capillary roots. When digging, they should take large soil balls as much as possible and prevent them from loosening and cracking. The course of root injury should be reduced to a minimum in order to maintain normal respiration and water absorption and improve the survival rate of transplantation. During the construction, the line should be accurately laid out and the hole should be determined to avoid overwork and prevent the soil ball from being loose.

The amount of leaves retained in leaf pruning and transplanting should be comprehensively determined according to different species, climate at the time of transplantation, transplantation and maintenance conditions.

Generally, about 40% of the original number of leaves should be retained. Too many leaves will lead to withered and yellow leaves due to large water evaporation; if there are too few leaves, the plant recovery is difficult and the cycle is long, and the initial landscape effect is not good.

In the process of digging, transporting, loading and unloading the stem and its pseudostem, the stem should be protected from damage, and the part of the pseudostem should not be squeezed and bent, which is the guarantee of plant health and rejuvenation as soon as possible.

Palm plants in the newly planted soil will damage the root tip during transplantation, and it is difficult to germinate new root tip within one month after transplantation, so the water absorption capacity is weak. At this time, good water permeability and air permeability of the soil is conducive to the survival of seedlings, so large holes should be dug and attention should be paid to the quality of guest soil, and peat soil and compound fertilizer should be added to facilitate recovery after palm planting.

Maintenance within one month after planting, the adaptability of the plant is poor, to deal with the careful maintenance of seedlings, must be timely replenishment of water, proper shade, and strive to make it have new leaves to sprout within three months. If there is a rainy climate for several consecutive days after transplanting, palm seedlings will recover better because they can avoid the influence of adverse factors such as hot sun on rainy days.

Key techniques for transplanting large-scale clustered seedlings

The tufted species of Palmaceae have multiple growing points and can grow new roots more quickly after transplanting. However, tufted palms also have some disadvantages, such as large water evaporation due to trunk weight and large leaf area, and being vulnerable to strong winds because of poor air permeability. Therefore, in addition to the disposal according to the transplantation of dry palms, the following technical measures should be added:

1. After the implementation of the "hairy root method" transplantation, after digging up the larger soil balls, use a small shovel to remove part of the soil along the outer edge of the soil balls, retain more fibrous roots and moderate soil balls, and immediately outsource moisturizing lightweight materials to reduce the weight of the soil balls and ensure survival. For example, this method can be used for the transplantation of clump palms with slow recovery, such as fishbone sunflower and betel nut.

two。 The implementation of bare root pseudo-planting or pot planting concentrated maintenance until the new root germination, plant stability before formal planting. This method is suitable for rough tufted palms such as loose-tailed sunflower, strange wrinkle palm and Hawaiian coconut, which can reduce freight and facilitate construction.

In short, the transplantation of large seedlings and big trees of palm plants is to grasp five aspects, namely: selecting strong seedlings; digging soil balls and carefully transplanting seeds; moderately pruning leaves; doing a good job of ventilation and drainage of planting land; and sun protection and moisturizing after planting. The sign of the success of transplanting big seedlings and trees is that most of the leaves can be preserved and new leaves can be sprouted within half a year after planting, among which three healthy new leaves can be used as the complete success of the transplant.

Drainage: the hydrological condition of the planting land should be understood first, and the bottom of the soil ball should be placed at the position where the soil ball is 100-150CM above the perennial underground water level line and the soil layer is thick. at the same time, the underground soil ball root hydrophobic layer and the surface runoff drainage network should be done well to prevent the soil ball from accumulating water after planting. If the hydrological conditions can not meet the requirements, the method of throwing high soil balls can be adopted, that is, mixing fertile soil with loose medium or heaping high planting land with coarse sand to meet the above requirements as far as possible, and then placing the plant on the soil mound, and filling the soil ball with mixed loose soil or planting soil mixed with rot soil; remove debris from the soil around the planting site, or properly use loose medium to improve the soil, so as to achieve the condition of loosening and ventilating the root of the plant. Strengthen the inspection in the rainy season, dredge the drainage facilities and loosen the soil at the roots in time, so as to prevent waterlogging and drainage. Moisturizing: immediately after planting, the fixed root water should be irrigated to ensure that the root of the soil ball is moist and closely combined with the surrounding soil to promote the development of the root system, and then irrigate the soil ball three times in time to prevent the topsoil from cracking. In the hot summer, more water should be sprayed on the ground and canopy to increase the ambient temperature and reduce transpiration; the moisturizing treatment of the leaf surface includes: a, the newly planted seedlings should be properly built to reduce the transpiration area of the leaves; b, anti-transpiration agents should be properly sprayed on the leaves to inhibit the physiological metabolism of plants and reduce the physiological dehydration of plants. C. Under fine weather conditions, we should spray water to the leaves as much as possible, strengthen the water absorption of leaves and weaken transpiration; check the water status of soil balls and roots at any time and replenish water in time to ensure the moisture of soil balls and the permeability of root respiration. Fertilization: after planting, in addition to moisturizing the plant, foliar fertilizer with appropriate low concentration can be sprayed to strengthen the nutritional supplement after planting. Check the root germination status of the plant frequently, if it is found that the plant grows new roots, you can consider increasing root fertilization, generally choose the season when the monthly average temperature is higher than 20 ℃, apply organic fertilizer as much as possible, and properly apply compound fertilizer with high P and K content, so as to promote the nutritional balance of the plant and ensure its Shaanxi to restore healthy growth. Pest control: spraying medicine before the nursery comes out of the nursery, and after arriving at the construction site, it is also necessary to spray the plant before unloading, and to ensure that the plant is sprayed three times at intervals of one week to ten days after planting, and then it is necessary to formulate a reasonable pest control plan. Special

Part 9: "maintenance Program"

Shilien (Nanjing) Optoelectronics Co., Ltd.

Raise

Protect

Square

Case

Nanjing Gensen Flower and Tree Co., Ltd.

October 8, 2010

General situation of project

Shilien (Nanjing) Optoelectronics Co., Ltd. is located at No. 31 Hengfei Road, Nanjing Economic and technological Development Zone, with a green area of 28186 square meters. The greening plant configuration in the factory area is relatively reasonable, the color is rich, and the seasonal change is obvious, forming a hierarchical and natural ecological plant community, which basically shows the natural landscape of plants. The configuration of plant flowers, shrubs and hedges among factories makes each plant form different landscape styles. The factory has planted dozens of plant varieties, such as camphor, magnolia, beech, sweet-scented osmanthus, crape myrtle and so on, among which there are boulevards composed of camphor, ancient red maple, fruit pomegranate, Xifu begonia, ginkgo, Canadian jujube and other varieties.

In view of the existing situation of the greening landscape in the factory area, we think that the initial construction of greening is relatively extensive, and the understanding of plant habits is not enough, especially the replacement of planting soil in the greening land is not in place, and the garbage soil in some areas has not been replaced, resulting in poor plant growth.

Arrangement of greening maintenance plan

January (Lesser Cold, Greater Cold)

1. Fruit trees are shaped and pruned.

two。 Always pay attention to check cold-proof equipment, facilities and seedling cold-proof bandages.

3. Turn the land for winter ploughing and apply sufficient winter fertilizer.

4. Cut off the branches and leaves of withered, residual, disease and insect pests, and thoroughly remove the overwintering skin insect sac, stinging moth cocoon and latent overwintering insect pests.

February (the Beginning of Spring, Rain Water)

1. Continue to prune deciduous and fruit trees in winter.

two。 Continue to cut off the branches of diseases and insect pests, and pay attention to observe the occurrence of diseases and insect pests (such as cotton blowing scale, grass scale, etc.).

3. Continue to accumulate fertilizer and make compost, prepare culture soil, and continue to apply winter fertilizer to all kinds of deciduous trees. March (stinging, the Spring Equinox)

The weather is getting warmer and many diseases and insect pests are about to occur. It is necessary to maintain and repair all kinds of pest control and disease prevention equipment and prepare medicines. Pay attention to the occurrence of aphids and paramecium and control them in time. April (Qingming Festival, Grain Rain)

1. Do a good job in the prevention and control of scale insects, mites, ground tigers, aphid grubs, mole crickets and powdery mildew and rust.

two。 Do a good job of loosening soil, weeding, fertilizing before flowering and so on. Thin fertilizer should be applied to perennial root flowers and spring sowing grass flowers every week.

3. Do a good job of peeling and pruning trees. Remove superfluous buds and inappropriate branches at any time.

4. Dredge and repair the drainage system.

May (the Beginning of Summer, Lesser Fullness of Grain)

1. The shrubs that bloom in spring are pruned after flowering and hedgerows are trimmed. According to the technical operation requirements, the trees are pruned, and the roots of the seedlings that sprout are pruned at any time.

two。 Continue to strengthen the maintenance and management of trees, do a good job in replenishing seedlings, interspersing seedlings, fixing seedlings, increasing topdressing and frequently applying thin fertilizer.

3. As the temperature is getting higher and higher this month, a large number of diseases and insect pests do harm to trees and flowers, so we should pay attention to the prediction and forecast of insect situation and do a good job in pest prevention and disease prevention.

4. Carry out lawn rolling and cutting to continue to remove weeds from the lawn.

June (Grain in Beard, the Summer Solstice)

1. This month enters the plum rainy season, the temperature is high, the humidity is high, should carry on the replanting as soon as possible.

two。 The flowering shrubs were pruned and fertilized after flowering, and some spring sowing grass flowers were pruned.

3. Continue to remove weeds and continue to roll and cut.

4. To do a good job in the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests, this month we will focus on the prevention and control of bag moth, diamondback moth, poisonous moth, inchworm, tortoise scale and other pests as well as leaf spot, anthrax and coal pollution.

July (Lesser Heat, Greater Heat)

1. The weather is hot this month and weeds are growing fast. We should continue ploughing, weeding and loosening the soil.

two。 There are a large number of pests such as bag moth, diamondback moth, longicorn beetle, tortoise scale, shield scale, the second generation cotton blowing scale, mites and so on. at the same time, we should continue to control anthracnose, powdery mildew, leaf spot and so on.

3. When the temperature is high in summer, Rain Water should be irrigated to fight drought. This month is also a month with more torrential rain, so we should pay attention to flood prevention.

4. As the typhoon and tidal flood season enters this month, it is necessary to do a good job in Taiwan prevention and flood control, check regularly, and correct the wind and fallen trees in time.

August (the Beginning of Autumn, the End of Heat)

1. Continue ploughing, weeding and loosening the soil.

two。 Continue to do a good job in drought prevention and drainage to ensure the normal growth of seedlings.

3. The seedlings are growing vigorously this month, so fertilizer should be applied in time and thin fertilizer should be applied to the seedlings.

4. Continue to do a good job in typhoon prevention and flood control, and correct the fallen trees as soon as they are found.

5. To continue to do a good job in the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests, it is necessary to conscientiously control the main pests that harm trees (diamondback moth, second-generation diamondback moth, longicorn beetles, mites, etc.) and major diseases (powdery mildew, anthracnose, leaf spot, etc.).

September (White Dew, the Autumn Equinox)

1. Continue to do a good job in pest control and disease control; in particular, it is necessary to regularly check the occurrence of aphids and cysts, and immediately prevent and cure them as soon as they are found.

two。 Continue to carry out intermediate ploughing and weeding, continue to remove lawn weeds, carry out lawn rolling and pruning, and trim balls and hedges.

3. Continue to do a good job in pest prevention and control. In particular, it is necessary to check the occurrence of aphids, pocket moth, diamondback moth, brown spot, flower and shrub coal pollution and other diseases and pests, timely prevention and control.

October (Cold Dew, Frosts Descent)

1. Do a good job in the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests and eliminate all kinds of adults and eggs.

two。 Continue to plough and weed.

3. After the seedlings stop growing, check the survival rate, find out the family background, and ensure the smooth progress of winter and spring greening work.

November (the Beginning of Winter, Lesser Snow)

1. Do a good job in preventing the cold, whitening some trees or bandaging them with grass rope.

two。 Pruning trees in winter, cutting off diseased branches and dead branches; there are insect egg branches and competitive branches.