How to fertilize African chrysanthemum, fertilization method of African chrysanthemum / once a week in spring

African chrysanthemum, also known as Fulang flower, sunflower, it has beautiful flowers, rich colors, red, white, yellow, orange, purple and so on, has a high appreciation value. However, although African chrysanthemum is easy to raise, it takes a lot of work to raise it well, such as proper fertilization, how to apply fertilizer to African chrysanthemum? What kind of fertilizer? Here are the fertilization methods for African chrysanthemum by the editor.

How to fertilize African chrysanthemum, time / method

In the cultivation method of African chrysanthemum, it has been introduced that African chrysanthemum is a kind of fertilizer-loving flower, especially in the growing period, it needs a lot of fertilizer. It is very troublesome to fertilize African chrysanthemum, that is, fertilization should not be too much, otherwise it is easy to rot roots, resulting in yellowing of gerbera leaves and other phenomena, seriously affecting the ornamental of the plant. As for how to fertilize gerbera, time and method are very important, let's move on.

II. Fertilization methods of African chrysanthemum

1. The time and frequency of fertilization

How to fertilize African chrysanthemum, you must first grasp the time and frequency, otherwise it is easy to fertilize too much or too little. African chrysanthemum likes fertilizer, usually prefer potash fertilizer, fertilization interval is 5-6 days, or once every 10 days. However, there are two points to pay attention to in the time of fertilization:

① generally when the temperature is particularly high, fertilization should be paid attention to, because the gerbera is in a dormant state, so fertilizer must be stopped at this time, otherwise the plant will not only not grow, but also play the opposite role.

② should stop fertilizing at high temperature, and pay attention to the low temperature in winter, because gerbera is easy to dormancy if the temperature is too low, so it is necessary to stop fertilization at this time, and fertilize normally at other times.

2. Fertilization method

We should pay attention to the methods of fertilizing African chrysanthemum, for example, we should loosen the soil properly before fertilizing, so that the roots of the plant can be absorbed more easily and grow better. There is another thing to pay attention to when applying fertilizer: never sprinkle fertilizer on the leaves, otherwise it will easily burn out the leaves, so be sure to remember when applying fertilizer.

In addition, the number of fertilizers applied to African chrysanthemum varies accordingly in different seasons. African chrysanthemum has a great demand for fertilizer, which should be applied thinly, once a week in spring, less in summer and winter, and once every half a month.

3. What kind of fertilizer is suitable

African chrysanthemum likes fertilizer, especially in the growing season, and the amount of fertilizer is very high. Generally speaking, we will apply nitrogen, phosphorus and potash to it. The proportion of fertilization to African chrysanthemum should be controlled at 15:18:25, which can maintain the balance of fertilizer, bring nutrients for its growth, resist diseases and improve its photosynthetic efficiency.

After following the above methods, the African chrysanthemum will produce more beautiful flowers, which is also very good to appreciate, so you must pay attention to the selection of fertilizer for the African chrysanthemum, otherwise, it will not be able to grow well if it is not suitable, which will have the opposite effect, so it is also very important to choose the right fertilizer.

Generally speaking, African chrysanthemum is a plant that needs a relatively large amount of fertilizer. We should apply fertilizer selectively according to the different growth stages of African chrysanthemum, so that we can grow beautiful gerbera. With regard to the fertilization methods of African chrysanthemum, the editor has introduced this, hoping to give you some help.

How to raise Fulang flower / African chrysanthemum, culture methods and matters needing attention of potted African chrysanthemum

African chrysanthemum, also known as Fulang flower, is a famous and floating flower with large and colorful flowers, which is often used as a material for flower arrangement and dried flowers. In life, many flower friends like to grow their own gerbera, so how to grow gerbera? The following are the breeding methods and precautions of African chrysanthemum selected by the editor, which are very comprehensive. Friends who want to raise them must take a look at them.

First, how to raise gerbera and understand its habits

Indoor farming is not like the wild, everything needs to be created by ourselves, so how to raise African chrysanthemum, we must first understand its growth habits, and then to create an environment conducive to its growth. In this regard, the editor will bring you the breeding methods and matters needing attention of African chrysanthemum from the aspects of soil, light, temperature, watering, fertilization, pruning and so on.

2. Culture methods and matters needing attention of potted African chrysanthemum

1. Soil, slightly acidic

How to raise potted African chrysanthemum, first of all, it is natural to choose soil, whether it is to plant their own, or to change the pot soil, the choice of soil is very important. According to the growth habits of African chrysanthemum, we should choose a slightly acidic soil with loose, fertile and good drainage.

Pot soil selection: the basin does not need to be too large, 12-18cm is suitable for African chrysanthemum; soil can be made of 2 parts of peat and 1 part of perlite, or peat-based culture soil sold in the market, such as Cuiyun and so on.

2. Light, all-day sunshine in winter

In the process of cultivating gerbera, we need to give it enough light. Because African chrysanthemum likes light and requires more light, it becomes stronger and stronger when there is no lack of water, and it grows faster and blossoms more.

Note: be sure to give African chrysanthemum sufficient light, in the lack of light, the need for artificial light. In addition, in summer, when the sun is too strong, it is necessary to shield the gerbera from some strong sunlight, while in winter, try to keep full sunshine.

3. Temperature, 20-25 ℃

In the breeding method of gerbera, temperature is also a point that we need to pay attention to. It is understood that African chrysanthemum is neither heat-resistant nor cold-resistant, so it is best to control the temperature between 20-25 ℃ when breeding indoors.

Note: in winter, the temperature should not be lower than 10 ℃, otherwise African chrysanthemum will stop growing. It is worth mentioning that the limit tolerance temperature of African chrysanthemum is 5-40 ℃, but it should not be too long-lasting. We must pay attention to this.

4. Watering

How to raise African chrysanthemum, watering is indispensable. It is understood that African chrysanthemum likes a humid environment, in the growing period, we should ensure an adequate water supply. If the temperature is high in summer, it can be watered frequently with thin water, while the temperature in winter is low, and the interval between watering can be longer.

Watering time: people can often touch the leaves of African chrysanthemum with their hands, stiff, do not need water, slightly soft and not wilting is the best time to supply water.

Note: water African chrysanthemum, not at noon, preferably in the morning or evening. Besides, be careful not to pour it in the center of the leaf.

5. Fertilization

After watering, let's talk about fertilization, which is also very important in the cultivation of African chrysanthemum. It is understood that African chrysanthemum has a great demand for fertilizer. Fertilizer should be applied thinly, once a week in spring, less in summer and winter, and once every half a month.

Note: when the temperature is too high or too low, everyone should stop fertilizing. In addition, fertilize African chrysanthemum should be adequate and balanced, like other herbs, use balanced fertilizer of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium if you want to grow strong. As for how to fertilize African chrysanthemum, there is a specific introduction, so I won't say much here.

6. Pruning

The above points must be done in the process of cultivating African chrysanthemum, and then we need to pay attention to them, such as pruning and diseases and insect pests. The first is pruning, in the growth process, there may be African chrysanthemum leaves yellowing or too dense phenomenon. At this time, we should prune properly and remove yellow leaves, withered leaves and overdense leaves.

7. Diseases and insect pests

In the process of growing up in Africa, it is inevitable that worms will get sick because of improper maintenance and other reasons. Among them, the diseases are powdery mildew, leaf spot, virus and so on, and the pests are whitefly, cabbage worm and thrips. As for what to do, there is a detailed introduction in the pest control of African chrysanthemum, you can refer to the solution.

High yield technique of drip Irrigation by bag cultivation of African Chrysanthemum

African chrysanthemum, also known as African chrysanthemum, is a perennial perennial evergreen herbaceous flower of the genus Compositae. With large and colorful flowers, it is one of the most popular fresh-cut flowers in the world for decades. In recent years, our company introduced a number of Dutch African chrysanthemum varieties, using bag culture drip irrigation production technology to achieve high yield and high quality, the products launched the market, deeply loved by consumers. The main cultivation techniques are as follows.

I. cultivation facilities

African chrysanthemum is native to South Africa and likes a warm climate. The suitable temperature for growth is 20 ℃ 25 ℃, about 16 ℃ at night, and the flowering period is not less than 15 mol. The growth will stop when the safe overwintering temperature is lower than 7 ℃ in winter and higher than 35 ℃ in summer, so protected cultivation must be carried out in most areas of our country. In Guangdong, if you choose an ordinary film greenhouse (single shed or multi-arch), strengthen the heat preservation for more than 12 ℃ in winter and shade in summer (30%, 40%) to cool down, maintain ventilation, avoid the accumulation of high humid air, and reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests, African chrysanthemum can be produced every year. The pot flowers with good quality can be cultivated by using bag culture drip irrigation technology and sturdy treatment, and the economic benefit is higher.

II. Planting

1. The matrix African chrysanthemum prefers fertile, ventilated, well drained, neutral or slightly acidic (pH6- 6.5) sandy loam rich in humus. The commonly used substrates are: Sandy loam (with an appropriate amount of mature base fertilizer), soil plus peat soil (1:1), peat soil plus river sand (7:3), carbon soil plus perlite or vermiculite (6:4). The cultivation substrate should be disinfected before planting. For example, phoxim plus dimethazone can be used in seedling bed, and the substrate can be fumigated with formalin and disinfected before use with seedling bag.

2. The cultivation method of African chrysanthemum is generally planted with high border plus drip irrigation, but continuous cropping is not allowed, so it is often planted with planting trough plus drip irrigation or bag culture drip irrigation. The cultivation speed of African chrysanthemum group is fast, and the cut flowers can be harvested in the same year by bag culture and drip irrigation, which can greatly shorten the growth cycle and be sold in pot, which obviously improves the economic benefit of production.

3. Planting African chrysanthemum is an annual flowering plant, and the planting period is unlimited, but from the point of view of being beneficial to production and sales, it is best to plant in spring, blossom in autumn, and enter the full flowering period before winter to Spring Festival. Try to avoid planting after August. Gerbera gerbera seedlings are cultivated quickly and had better be replaced every year to ensure the quantity and quality of flowers. In the nursery bed, the seedlings should be planted with 6 leaves when they grow up to 5mur. pay attention to shallow planting to avoid planting too deep to cause bad roots and dead seedlings. After planting, it should be watered thoroughly and the matrix covering the heart leaves should be removed to improve the survival rate.

3. Propagation of seedlings

1. Sexual reproduction seed reproduction, seeds can be obtained by hybridization. The mature time of stamens and pistils in African chrysanthemum inflorescences is different, and seeds can only be obtained by artificial pollination, so the offspring can be easily separated by seed reproduction. Except for the propagation of potted plants, the method of seed propagation is generally not directly used in the production of cut flowers in large areas.

2. Asexual reproduction

① ramets were propagated. The adult plants of African chrysanthemum with strong growth can be propagated by individual plants, but the reproduction coefficient is low, it is easy to be infected with diseases and insect pests, and when the reproduction generation is high, the seedlings are degraded, the quality of seedlings is unstable, and the commercial rate is reduced.

② tissue culture. This is the main way to reproduce gerbera at present. Tissue culture has the advantages of high seedling quality and fast propagation speed, and can be arranged in an annual plan, which is beneficial to commercial production.

IV. Management during the growing period

The main results are as follows: 1. After the African chrysanthemum seedlings are planted, shading must be done, the substrate should be kept moist by dripping frequently when the weather is dry, and the roots should be irrigated with carbendazim and other fungicides on the second day after planting. The observation was carried out one week later, such as the new roots could be applied with thin nitrogen fertilizer once a week. And timely check the seedlings, remove the dead seedlings, make up the strong seedlings, the seedlings grow slowly in the early stage, and new leaves can be produced after about 4 weeks.

2. In the seedling stage, the seedlings were planted for 45 days and entered the vigorous growth period. During this growth period, a new leaf could grow every 10 days, with developed root system and strong fertilizer absorption. In fertilizer and water management, it is necessary to supply sufficient water, keep the substrate moist, fertilize mainly with nitrogen fertilizer, and appropriately increase phosphorus, potassium fertilizer, calcium, magnesium, iron and other elements. High temperature in summer to avoid strong radiation, need shading treatment, and foliar sprinkling to protect moisture and cooling, winter is necessary to control nitrogen fertilizer and moisture, increase light, and heat preservation treatment.

3. 3Mel entered the flowering stage 4 months after flowering. Due to less nutrient accumulation, thin and weak flowers and low commodity rate in the early flowering stage, it is not suitable to keep flowers. Buds should be removed in time to maintain the balance of plant nutrition supply. At the same time, it is also necessary to remove flowers and leaves, yellow leaves and diseased leaves in time to avoid nutrient consumption, resulting in branches and leaves too dense, affecting the growth of the middle and later stages, generally, each tree should keep about 25 leaves. In the early stage of flowering, large fertilizer and water are needed to promote growth and promote thick stems and strong flowers. And timely adjust the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, increase the application of potassium fertilizer, make the plant strong and store enough nutrients. At the same time, we should pay attention to the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests in time to ensure the quality of flowering throughout the year.

Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests

Using greenhouse cultivation, due to continuous cropping for many years, if not managed properly, the occurrence of diseases and insect pests will increase year by year, seriously affecting the production efficiency. In the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests, in addition to paying attention to the ventilation of the planting environment, we must do a good job of cleaning the shed and disinfection every spring to reduce the number of disease plants. In general, the main diseases and insect pests and control agents are as follows.

1. Insect pest spider mite: it is the greatest threat to African chrysanthemum. It propagates fast and is difficult to control. For the plants damaged by spider mites, the leaves curl and harden, and the flowers can not spread normally, so they can be used alternately with propargite, dicofol, isocarbophos and so on. Thrips: the plants damaged by thrips grow slowly, and their petals produce white spots and fade, which can be controlled by high-efficiency thistle aphids, thrips and so on. Leaf miner: the adults harm the leaves to produce white feeding dots, and the larvae harm the leaves to produce white feeding tunnels, which can be prevented by Aifudin. Aphids: after damage, the leaves lose green and change color, and the feces are easy to breed fungi, which can be controlled by aphids, lice, Shuodan and so on. Whitefly: this insect propagates rapidly, does great harm to leaves, and remains coal on the leaves, which can be controlled by high-efficiency thistle aphid, leaf cicada powder, disinfectant and so on.

2. Disease and epidemic disease: the disease is mainly caused by Fusarium oxysporum invaded by the fracture of rhizome and petiole. It is easy to occur when the soil moisture is high, and when the disease occurs, the leaves and stems turn black and rot, resulting in plant wilting and death, which can be treated by root irrigation such as topiramate, dimethazone and so on. Neck blight: when the disease occurs, the flower becomes smaller and deformed, and the top part of the flower stem dries up, which can be prevented by mancozeb or streptomycin. Leaf spot disease: there are gray spots or patches on the leaves and flowers of the damaged plants. In severe cases, the patches are connected into pieces, and the diseased leaves can be removed and controlled with topiramate, promethazol, chlorothalonil and so on.