Pearl plum bonsai how to raise, pearl plum culture methods and matters needing attention / sufficient light

Pearl plum is a kind of highly ornamental flower plant, which can be seen in many parts of our country, and there are many people who breed it, but there are many places that need to be paid attention to in the process of cultivating pearl plum. If improper cultivation is easy to appear some bad phenomena, then how to raise pearl plum bonsai? What are the breeding methods and matters needing attention of Pearl Plum? Next, the editor will take you to learn about it.

First, how to raise the bonsai of pearl plum

If we want to know how to raise bonsai, we must first understand its growth habits. Pearl plum is a light-loving plant, so it is best to maintain sufficient light in the process of culture, so it can thrive. Besides, watering, fertilization and other aspects are also very particular. Details are described in detail in the following column of Pearl Plum culture methods and matters needing attention. Let's learn about it together.

II. Culture methods and matters needing attention of Pearl Plum

1. Soil requirement

When cultivating pearl plum, first of all, we need to choose soil, and in terms of soil, it is best to choose relatively fertile sand and gravel soil, which has good drainage and air permeability, which can make pearl plum absorb nutrients better. this shows the importance of soil in the culture methods and matters needing attention of Pearl Plum.

two。 Fertilization requirements

Pearl plum in the growth process of fertilizer demand is not high, generally in the planting time to apply enough base fertilizer to the soil, can meet the growth needs of pearl plum, and then combined with winter management, about 1-2 years to apply base fertilizer on it.

3. Watering requirement

Pearl plum for moisture requirements are different from season to season, such as spring this rainy season, we can water the right amount, to summer and autumn, the climate is relatively dry, we should increase the frequency of watering, watering attention to thoroughly, to maintain a certain degree of moisture in the soil, watering before winter, and then enter the winter does not need watering.

4. Lighting requirement

Pearl plum is a kind of light-loving plant, so it is best to maintain sufficient light in the process of culture, but when the summer sunshine is too strong, it still needs to be shaded properly so as not to burn the plant because of the strong light.

5. Proper pruning

After the flowering period of Pearl Plum, the flowers will gradually wither, and there will be many yellowing withered branches, which will have a great impact on beauty, so at this time we need proper pruning to beautify the plant type and promote the growth of new branches. lay a good foundation for next year's flowering.

6. Pest control

In the process of breeding Pearl Plum, if it is not properly maintained, it is easy to have problems such as diseases and insect pests, which do great harm to the plant, if not in time, in addition to the phenomenon that it is easy to cause the plant to wither and die, the specific treatment methods can refer to the article on pest and pest control of Pearl Plum, which is not introduced too much here.

How to raise the bonsai of pearl plum? Culture method of Pearl Plum Bonsai

[FAQ] how to raise pearl plum bonsai? Culture method of Pearl Plum Bonsai

Picture: Pearl plum

[expert answers]

● basin soil

Potted soil should choose good permeability, strong drainage capacity, fertile loam. Organic fertilizer was applied at the end of autumn and early winter, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer was applied before flowering. Usually appropriate amount of watering, to keep the basin soil moist, can not be too wet for a long time, let alone waterlogging. Pot plants should be placed in direct sunlight as far as possible, winter low temperature dormancy is its physiological needs, can not be put into the greenhouse to avoid the next year's growth and flowering, placed in the open air, leeward, sunny place, or cover the basin soil to bury, can safely survive the winter. Pruning the fallen leaves every year before sprouting in the following year, cutting off the diseased and residual branches, dry and withered branches, and the weak ones in the dense branches. Truncate too long branches, so that it maintains a good plant type, ventilation and light, in order to facilitate flowering.

● temperature and light

Pearl Sea is farmed because it likes the environment of room temperature and sunlight. Adult plants can also tolerate cold and semi-shade. The seedlings of cutting in autumn are in the following summer, which happens to be the period of tender shoots and leaves growing.

● fertilization

Fertilization requirements are not high, just cultivated when the need to apply sufficient base fertilizer, can meet the requirements of its growth, generally no longer topdressing. In the future, combined with winter management, base fertilizer can be applied once every 1-2 years.

● pruning

After the pearl plum blossom fades, the inflorescence is withered and yellow, which affects the aesthetics, so the residual inflorescence should be cut off to make the plant clean and tidy, and avoid the residual inflorescence competing with the plant for nutrients and water. After autumn or early spring, disease and insect branches and old and weak branches should be cut off, and annual branches can be strongly pruned to promote the renewal of branches and luxuriant flowers and leaves.

● watering

Watering should be carried out in time when the spring is dry, and when the summer and autumn are dry, the water should be thoroughly watered to keep the soil moist, and a watering should be carried out before winter.

[editor's summary]

Pearl plum is a kind of shrub plant, which likes sunlight, but it is shade-tolerant, cold-resistant, pruning-resistant and fast-growing. It is a common flower in northern China. In this article, the editor of the first Agricultural Economics introduces you the breeding method of pearl plum bonsai. I hope it will be helpful to you.

How to raise the bonsai of Pearl Plum

Pearl plum, native to northern Asia, is a kind of shrub and deciduous broad-leaved shrub with strong shade tolerance, cold tolerance, moisture tolerance and drought tolerance. Pearl plum is mostly planted in garden courtyard. The following introduces how to raise the bonsai of Pearl Plum and how to raise it in detail.

Introduction of Pearl Plum

Pearl plum is native to northern Asia and is distributed in Hebei, Gansu, Shandong, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Jiangsu and other places in China. It is a kind of shrub and deciduous broad-leaved shrub with strong shade tolerance, cold tolerance, moisture tolerance and drought tolerance. If the soil is not strict, it can grow normally in ordinary soil, but it grows stronger in moist and fertile soil. Fast growth, strong sprouting ability and resistance to pruning.

Spray snowflakes belong to the genus Prunus of Rosaceae. It is so named because of its dense and snow-white flowers when it blossoms. Also because of its leaves like willow leaves, flowers as white as snow, also known as "snow willow". Pearl plum is mostly planted in the garden courtyard, generally do not need to fertilize, but must be often irrigated, especially in spring and summer drought to keep the soil moist.

Adequate winter water should be given before the beginning of winter, and overwintering should be protected in high and cold areas, and other management is more extensive. Pearl plum has plump bushes and beautiful branches and leaves, which bloom elegantly white flowers and have a long flowering period in the summer when there are no flowers. In particular, it can kill or inhibit a variety of harmful bacteria, so it is suitable to be planted in all kinds of garden and green space. In particular, it has the characteristics of shade tolerance, so it is a flower and shrub species for greening on the north side of tall buildings and all kinds of buildings in northern cities.

1. Morphological characteristics

Pearl plum is a shrub, up to 2 m tall, branches spreading; branchlets Terete, slightly flexed, glabrous or puberulent, green at first, dark reddish brown or dark yellowish brown when old; winter buds ovate, apex obtuse, glabrous or apical puberulent, purple-brown, with several alternate exserted scales.

Pinnately compound leaves, 11-17 leaflets, petioles 13-23 cm long and 10-13 cm wide, leaf rachis slightly pubescent Leaflets opposite, 2-2.5 cm apart, lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, 5-7 cm long, 1.8-2.5 cm wide, apex acuminate, sparse tail tip, base subrounded or broadly cuneate, sparsely oblique, margin acutely doubly serrate, upper and lower surfaces glabrous or nearly glabrous, pinnately reticulate venation, with lateral veins 12-16 pairs, conspicuous below; leaflets sessile or nearly sessile. Stipules qualitative, ovate-lanceolate to triangular-lanceolate, apex acuminate to acute, margin irregularly serrate or entire, 8-13 mm long, 5-8 mm wide, outside minutely pubescent.

Terminal large dense panicle, branches suberect, 10-20 cm long, 5-12 cm in diameter, total pedicel and pedicel stellate hairy or pubescent, gradually deciduous in fruit, nearly glabrous; bracts ovate-lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 5-10 mm long, 3-5 mm wide, apex long acuminate, entire or shallowly toothed, upper and lower surfaces puberulent, gradually deciduous in fruit; pedicel 5-8 mm long. Flowers 10-12 mm in diam.; calyx tube campanulate, outside base puberulent; sepals triangular-ovate, apex obtuse or acute, sepals ca. as long as calyx tube; petals oblong or Obovate, 5-7 mm long, 3-5 mm wide, white; stamens 40-50, ca. 1.5-2 times longer than petals, born at margin of disk; carpels 5, glabrous or slightly pilose.

Follicles oblong, with terminal curved style, ca. 3 mm, fruiting pedicel erect; sepals persistent, reflexed, sparsely spreading. The flowering period is from July to August and the fruiting period is September.

2. Ecological habits

Pearl plum is resistant to cold, half shade and pruning. It grows better in sandy loam with good drainage. It grows fast and is easy to sprout. It is a good flowering plant in summer.

There are many positive plants in Rosaceae, and spraying snow is no exception. It likes the sun and is resistant to a certain water and wet environment, but it is not suitable to accumulate water for a long time. Lax requirements on soil, tolerance to a certain amount of salt and alkali, suitable for growth in Shanghai

The mode of reproduction of Pearl Plum

Pearl plum is mainly propagated by the method of dividing plants, and it can also be sown. However, because the seeds are small, the sowing method is not used. Ramet propagation is generally carried out before sprouting in spring or after defoliation in autumn. The sprouting seedlings clustered in the root of the plant were dug out with roots, and 3-5 plants were used as a clump and planted separately.

When planting, apply 2-lift compost as base fertilizer, and pour water thoroughly after planting. Water can be watered about once a week in the future. Until they survive. The clumps of more than 5-year-old plants can grow into a large crown width, and the soil around the old clumps can be planed before sprouting in early spring, and then the surrounding roots and tillers can be excavated from the mother one by one, transferred to the nursery and cultivated in the nursery, and the seedlings can come out of the nursery one year later. The sowing method can be used in mass propagation of seedlings. The seeds are dried and stored and sown in spring the following year.

1. Ramet propagation

Pearl plum is easy to germinate roots and tillers in the process of growth, so it can be propagated in March and April in early spring. The plants with strong growth, no diseases and insect pests and more tillers were selected as the mother plant.

The method is to dig up the soil around the root of the mother plant which is more than 5 years old, cut down from the middle of the gap, separate the tiller from the mother plant, and divide 5 to 7 trees per tree. The separated root tiller seedlings should have complete roots, and if the lateral roots of the root tiller seedlings are thin and many, they should be cut off properly when planting. This breeding method has the advantages of high survival rate, quick effect and simple management, but the number of reproduction is limited. After ramet, pour enough water, and move the plant into a slightly shaded place, gradually put in the sun for normal maintenance a week later.

2. Cuttage propagation

This method is suitable for mass propagation and can be carried out all the year round, but the cuttings in March and October take root the fastest and the survival rate is high. Cutting soil generally uses 5 parts of garden soil, 4 parts of humus soil, 1 part of sandy soil, mixed ditch to make beds, and cuttings in open field. Cuttings should choose current or biennial mature branches on robust plants, cut and grow 15 to 20 centimeters, leaving 4 to 5 buds or leaves. When cutting, cut the cuttings into the soil, leaving only one or two buds or leaves at the top of the soil. Cuttings should be cut flat, cut into horseshoe shape, cut along with cutting, suppress the soil at the base of cuttings, and pour water once. After that, spray water once or twice a day, often keeping the soil moist. Reduce the number of water spraying after 20 days to prevent excessive dampness and cause branch rot, which can take root and transplant in about 1 month.

3. Striping propagation

In March and April, the branches on the periphery of the mother plant are bent and pressed directly into the soil, and the pressed parts of the soil can also be cut or scratched to promote rapid rooting. After the new root is grown, it can be separated from the mother plant and transplant in spring and autumn.

Culture method of Pearl Plum

Pearl plum has strong adaptability and does not have high requirements for fertilizer. except for a small amount of base fertilizer for newly planted plants, it does not need rotating fertilizer, but it needs watering. Generally, it is watered 2-3 times during the period from leaf bud germination to flowering, and the Beginning of Autumn is watered 2 or 3 times from post-frost to frost, including 1 times of anti-freezing water, watering in summer depending on drought, and no need to water when it rains a lot. After the flower fade, the inflorescence is withered and yellow, which affects the appearance, so the residual inflorescence should be cut off to make the plant clean and tidy, and avoid the residual inflorescence competing with the plant for nutrients and water. Diseases and insect pests and old and weak branches should also be cut off after autumn or early spring, and annual branches can be strongly pruned to promote the renewal of branches and the flourishing of flowers and leaves.

① is not strict with soil, but it grows better and blossoms more luxuriantly when cultivated in deep and fertile sandy soil.

② does not have high requirements for fertilization. When it is just cultivated, it needs to apply sufficient base fertilizer to meet its growth requirements, and generally no longer apply topdressing. In the future, combined with winter management, base fertilizer can be applied every 1-2 years.

③ should be watered in time when it is dry in spring, thoroughly watered in summer and autumn to keep the soil from drought, and should be watered once before winter.

④ should prune the residual flower branches, disease and insect branches and old and weak branches in time after flowering, so as to keep the plant type neat, avoid nutrient consumption, and promote its robust growth and luxuriant flowers and leaves.

How to raise bonsai of pearl plum

The maintenance of pearl plum bonsai is mainly in the details of temperature, watering, basin soil and so on. The maintenance of bonsai pearl plum is not as extensive as ground planting. We should pay attention to whether the potted soil should be watered at any time, and at the same time regularly trim the branches and leaves. Only in this way can the benefits of pearl plum bonsai be shown.

I. Seedling raising methods

1. Cuttage

The cuttage propagation of Pearl Plum should be carried out after defoliation in autumn. The nursery bed can be selected to be sunny and leeward, turn it over deeply and scrape it finely. After making the nursery bed, fill the seedbed with 70 cm thick disinfected plain sand. When cutting, select the strong branches that grow in the same year, each section is about 12 ~ 15 cm long, and spray water after cutting.

Cover with plastic film to keep the substrate moist and the temperature of the seedling bed: Pearl plum has strong regeneration ability, high survival rate, rapid growth and development. It begins to germinate in the early spring of the following year, and pot planting can be carried out in autumn.

two。 Ramet

Pearl plum plants, generally cultivated for 3 years after 5 years, must be cut and planted, the time should be from September to October. When planting separately, dig up the pearl plum with soil mass, remove too much attached soil, and expose all the roots. Then, according to the gap between the roots of the plant, cut into several clusters with a sharp knife, smear sulfur powder on the incision, and then cut off too many stems, branches and long roots properly. And according to the needs of greening and beautification, single plant cultivation was carried out. After planting, pour the water thoroughly, and then irrigate once a week, generally 3 times in a row, Pearl Plum can survive.

2. Culture methods

1. Basin soil

Basin soil should choose good permeability, strong drainage performance, more fertile loam. Organic fertilizer was applied at the end of autumn and early winter, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer was applied before flowering. Usually appropriate amount of watering, keep the basin soil moist, do not be too wet for a long time, let alone waterlogging. Pot plants should be placed in direct sunlight as far as possible, winter low-temperature dormancy is its physiological needs, can not be put into the greenhouse, so as not to affect the growth and flowering of the next year, placed in the open air, leeward, sunny place or cover the basin soil to cover the winter. Prune every year after falling leaves to before sprouting in the second year, and cut off the weak ones in the diseased, dry and withered branches and overdense branches. Truncate too long branches, so that it maintains a good plant type, ventilation and light, in order to facilitate flowering.

two。 Temperature and light

Pearl plum culture because it likes the warm, humid and sunny environment. Adult plants can also tolerate cold and semi-shade. Autumn cutting seedlings, to the following summer, happens to be the tender shoot and tender leaf growth period, the grower should according to the position of the seedling bed, pay attention to shelter shading to avoid strong direct sunlight, so that it can have scattered light. Flowering and fruit-hanging plants should be exposed to sunlight to make their photosynthesis exuberant and promote the exuberant growth of plants.

The most suitable temperature for the growth of Pearl Plum is 18 ℃ ~ 32 tons. If the temperature is suitable, the light is sufficient, coupled with reasonable water and fertilizer management, Pearl Plum will be able to enter the luxuriant growth period, with pearly buds glowing on the crown. Pearl plum is hardy, and it is not necessary to take any cold prevention measures in winter, so it can survive the winter in the open field.

3. Fertilization

Pearl plum does not have high requirements for fertilization, just the cultivation of the need to apply sufficient base fertilizer, can meet its growth requirements, generally no longer apply topdressing. In the future, combined with winter management, base fertilizer can be applied every 1-2 years.

4. Pruning

The inflorescence of pearl plum blossom is withered and yellow, which affects its appearance, so the residual inflorescence should be cut off to make the plant clean and tidy, and avoid the residual inflorescence competing with the plant for nutrients and water. Diseases and insect pests and old and weak branches should also be cut off after autumn or early spring, and annual branches can be strongly pruned to promote the renewal of branches and the flourishing of flowers and leaves.

5. Watering

It should be watered in time when it is dry in spring and thoroughly when it is dry in summer and autumn in order to keep the soil from drought. It is also necessary to water antifreeze water once before winter.

Disease Control of Pearl Plum

After the plants grow up, the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests should be carried out in time, and early prevention and control should be achieved to promote the healthy growth of plants. The main diseases of Pearl Plum are: leaf spot disease, powdery mildew disease, brown spot disease, the main prevention insects are: beetle, spotted leaf wax cicada and so on.

1. Leaf spot

When the disease occurs, round or irregular brown spots will be produced on the leaves, and sparse brown mildew on the disease spots on the back of the leaves.

Prevention and control method: 50% topiramate 500 × 800 times diluent can be sprayed.

2. Powdery mildew

When the disease occurs, white or gray flour will be produced on the leaves, and when it is serious, the leaves will be slightly curled, and the leaves will fall off in the early stage. The flowers are small but not blooming, and the flowers are deformed and curled and dry.

Prevention and control methods:

(1) to remove the diseased and residual plants and reduce the source of bacteria in late autumn.

(2) pay attention to ventilation, reduce air humidity, strengthen light, increase application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and enhance resistance.

(3) after the onset of the disease, the injured part should be cut off in time, or the diseased plant should be removed and burned.

(4) spraying. Spray the same amount of 1% Bordeaux solution during dormancy, and spray 70% methyl topiramate 800 times or 50% Dysenamine 800 times 1000 times at the initial stage of the disease.

3. Brown spot

Pearl plum brown spot is mainly harmful leaves, at first scattered brown round to irregular disease spots on the leaf surface, the edge is dark, with a clear boundary with healthy tissue, and in the later stage, there are small mildew spots from dark brown to dark brown on the back of the leaves, that is, the pathogenic fungus fruiting body. The pathogen overwintered on the injured leaves as mycelia or conidia, and the conidia spread to the neighboring plants by wind and rain the following year, which was easy to occur when the trees were weak or poorly ventilated.

Prevention and cure method

(1) spraying 65% zinc wettable powder 600 times or 70% mancozeb wettable powder 500 times, 25% carbendazim 12% green copper EC 600 times from July to September.

(2) strengthen the management and improve the disease resistance.

(3) in late autumn and early winter, diseased leaves were collected and burned to reduce the source of bacteria in the following year.

4. Beetles

Small blue and white beetles bite leaves, buds and flowers, resulting in mutilated leaves.

Prevention and control methods:

(1) make use of the false death of adults to vibrate branches in the early morning or evening to kill.

(2) spraying 1000 times of omethoate or 1000 times of 50% marathon during the occurrence of adults.

(3) making use of the habit of adults entering the soil, 2.5% imidophos powder was sprinkled around the plant, and the topsoil was loosened after application, so that the adults were poisoned to death.

5. Spotted leafhopper

Adults and nymphs often gather on the back of tender leaves to suck sap, and the injured leaves have symptoms such as perforation, rupture, curl or thickening with different leaf age.

Prevention and control methods:

(1) in winter, dense branches and dead branches should be cut off and burned to reduce the source of insects.

(2) insect nets can be used to catch and kill adults during the peak period.

(3), nymphs and adults can be sprayed and killed with 1000 times of 90% trichlorfon or 1200 times of 40% dimethoate emulsion.