Cultivation and culture methods of paulownia

In the hot summer, many people's favorite potted flowers can not stand the heat, some half-dead poor growth, some simply fallen leaves into dormancy. However, the paulownia from tropical South America and Brazil is not afraid of the heat and heat. It can not only "fight the high temperature and heat" proudly, but also produce large trumpet-shaped flowers with velvet luster in various colors such as purple, red and white. Therefore, it is particularly loved by people. It is a kind of indoor potted flowers with great ornamental value in summer. Paulownia is a perennial herbaceous bulb flower with oblate tubers and fleshy hairy leaves. Because it is native to the tropics, it likes high temperature and humid environmental conditions. It should not be too sunny in summer. It can grow well in a place with a little sunshine indoors. When the leaves fall dormant in winter, the dormant tubers can be taken out of the basin, buried in a basin filled with dry sand, and placed in a room above 5 degrees. After more than a month of dormancy, the tubers can be taken out and planted. It usually takes about five months from planting to flowering, so I hope to blossom in summer. It should be planted on the pot in March, and the planting soil should be loose and fertile, and more rotten leaf soil can be added. Spring and early summer can be fully watered and thin liquid fertilizer can be applied. Fertilizer should be paid attention not to splash on the leaves, otherwise it is easy to cause decay. Summer warm and humid season to less watering, basin soil is not dry, do not water, watering too much, will inevitably cause leaves yellowing, tuber rot and the whole plant death. When the temperature decreases in autumn, the amount of water can be gradually reduced and the plant will gradually go into dormancy.

The cultivation and cultivation of paulownia in the hot summer, many people's favorite potted flowers can not stand the heat, some half-dead growth is poor, and some simply fall leaves into dormancy. However, the paulownia from tropical South America and Brazil is not afraid of the heat and heat. It can not only "fight the high temperature and heat" proudly, but also produce large trumpet-shaped flowers with velvet luster in various colors such as purple, red and white. Therefore, it is particularly loved by people. It is a kind of indoor potted flowers with great ornamental value in summer. Paulownia is a perennial herbaceous bulb flower with oblate tubers and fleshy hairy leaves. Because it is native to the tropics, it likes high temperature and humid environmental conditions. It should not be too sunny in summer. It can grow well in a place with a little sunshine indoors. When the leaves fall dormant in winter, the dormant tubers can be taken out of the basin, buried in a basin filled with dry sand, and placed in a room above 5 degrees. After more than a month of dormancy, the tubers can be taken out and planted. It usually takes about five months from planting to flowering, so I hope to blossom in summer. It should be planted on the pot in March, and the planting soil should be loose and fertile, and more rotten leaf soil can be added. Spring and early summer can be fully watered and thin liquid fertilizer can be applied. Fertilizer should be paid attention not to splash on the leaves, otherwise it is easy to cause decay. Summer warm and humid season to less watering, basin soil is not dry, do not water, watering too much, will inevitably cause leaves yellowing, tuber rot and the whole plant death. When the temperature decreases in autumn, the amount of water can be gradually reduced and the plant will gradually go into dormancy. Many methods can be used to propagate paulownia, such as dividing balls, buds, leaves, sowing and so on. Separate balls can be dormant after the larger spherical tubers planted in the basin, such as germination, with a knife to cut the ball into several small pieces, each must have a bud, the incision smeared plant ash, and then planted separately, less watering after planting, so as not to cause tuber rot. Bud cutting is the use of extra buds from larger spherical tubers for cutting. generally, only two strong buds are left on the tuber, and when the rest of the buds grow to 4mur6cm, they can be cut off and covered with plastic film to maintain the temperature at about 25 degrees Celsius and take root in about 10 days. Leaf cuttings can be selected after flowering, cut off the petiole, dry slightly and insert it in a basin filled with plain sand, and cover the mouth of the basin with plastic film to maintain air humidity, so that it can take root in more than 20 days. Sowing can be carried out in spring and autumn. If the temperature in the room can be kept above 18 degrees in winter, it is best to sow in autumn. Autumn sowing not only has a high germination rate, but also has a good seedling growth, and can blossom in the following summer. Sowing in early spring, can not blossom until autumn, and the plant is small, flowering is also less, the seeds of paulownia are very small, so the sowing requirements are relatively fine, do not cover the soil after sowing, put the pot in a semi-shady place, and cover the basin with glass or plastic film to maintain a higher air humidity, the basin soil can be sprinkled when it is dry, so it can germinate in about 1015 days. Remove the covered glass or film after germination and ventilate properly to prevent overgrowth. During the seedling period, the potted soil should not be too wet so as not to cause rot. it usually takes about 7 months from sowing to flowering. Sowing seedlings can be planted in Xiaopeng after twice seedling transplanting, and only one plant is planted in each pot, and the other plant is not too deep. If the planting is too deep, it is easy to cause rot and poor growth. The growth temperature of the seedling stage should be maintained at 18 ~ 20 degrees. If the temperature is too high, attention should be paid to ventilation and proper shading, and watering should be a little less. About a month after flowering, the seeds can mature. After harvest, the seeds can be dried and stored in a dry place, and the germination rate can be maintained for about a year. Gloxinia scientific name: Sinningia Speciosa Origin: Brazilian savanna family: Gesneriaceae, Euphorbia peculiarity: perennial bulbous flowers. Sex prefers warm winters and cool and humid summers. The suitable temperature for growth is 18-25 ℃, can not bear low temperature, and can withstand high temperature above 35 ℃. Under the condition of natural temperature, it was sown from late March to mid-April and continued to blossom from August to early November. It is an ideal variety for National Day flowers. Its flower color is gorgeous, the florescence is long. Because of its high temperature in summer, it is suitable for flowers and is favored by flower production and consumers. The imported seeds of paulownia have high germination rate, neat emergence and rich varieties, so they are widely used in horticultural production. The varieties that are easily available and commonly used on the market are: double Gloxinia-double, mainly brocade flower series and mysterious series. The double petal rate of Jinhua series is more than 90%, which is the highest at present. Plant height 15cm, flower diameter 8cm, this series of varieties are the best sellers. Mysterious series of double petal rate of about 60%, shorter plant shape, flowering earlier, such as pink, purple and so on. This series is cheaper. Single large paulownia (Gloxinia-single), mainly brilliant series, Huashen series and mini series. The main colors of the brilliant series are mixed color, blue, red and white edge, scarlet, and the florescence is 10 days earlier than other varieties. The main colors of Flower God series are cherry red, purple, lavender, watermelon powder, red velvet, white velvet. The main design and color of the mini series is mixed color. Sowing / raising seedlings: there are several methods of seedling production, such as sowing, bulb sprouting, cutting, tissue culture and so on. Each method has its own management characteristics, which can make different types of production successful. The breeding methods are as follows: first, the optimum temperature for seed germination of Tripterygium cuspidata is 2125 ℃. Under the natural temperature, the seeds are generally sown from mid-late March to mid-April. If there are germination rooms and greenhouse temperature control facilities, the sowing time can be determined according to the scheduled seedling or flowering time. Paulownia has 25000 seeds per gram, which is very small and requires high substrate, temperature and humidity when sowing. In order to ensure a high seedling rate, imported special peat was used as far as possible in the selection of substrate. After the substrate paves the seedling tray, slowly pour through the substrate with a fine sprinkler, and then sow the seed after 1 hour. Planting current events should first divide the sowing amount of each seedling tray, a small number of times evenly sowed on the surface of the substrate, do not need to cover the soil after sowing, and mark it on the germination room or greenhouse seedbed rack. In the case of the germination chamber, set the temperature to 23 ℃ and more than 90% humidity. If it is on the greenhouse seedling rack, it is necessary to cover the seedling tray with plastic film and other things to maintain the high humidity of the substrate. At the same time, there should be a thermometer to adjust in time when the temperature deviation is large. About 15 days after sowing (3 weeks in greenhouse), small cotyledons emerge from the seed coat and sprout for several days. When 20-30% of the seeds sprout, move the seedling tray to the greenhouse. At this time, the root system and cotyledons are very weak, and the surrounding environment should maintain high humidity and weak scattered light (below 5000Lux). The water content of the matrix can not always be kept saturated, and there should be a certain amount of pore air, and 20-10-20 liquid fertilizer containing nitrogen 50ppm can be applied every 10 days. The seedlings grew slowly in the following 2-3 weeks, and the management should be particularly careful. The seedlings were fixed when there were 2-3 pairs of true leaves. The fixed seedlings were disinfected domestic peat and 128-hole hole plate. After the seedling is fixed, the moisture of the substrate should be controlled gradually, the air humidity should be reduced, and the light should be increased to about 10000Lux. The concentration of fertilizer should be increased to 75~100ppm, and attention should be paid to the control of diseases and insect pests. After the seedling is fixed, the seedling grows very fast, and it usually takes 50-90 days from sowing to seedling. 2. Bulb root seedling is a process of sprouting new buds under suitable temperature and humidity by using the bulb formed between root and stem in the process of plant growth in the previous year. Compared with sowing seedlings, bulb seedling cultivation has the following characteristics: the bulb root used by ① can be the plant that could not be sold last year, which reduces part of the production cost; ② bulb root seedling can emerge in April and blossom in June, which is 2 months ahead of seed sowing; ③ bulb root seedling growth is not as neat as seed sowing, so it is not suitable for large-scale production. Main points of bulb seedling cultivation: in November, when the lowest temperature is lower than 10 ℃, the plant grows and blossoms poorly, and when the growth weakens, the moisture of the substrate should be controlled. after the aboveground part dries up, the aboveground part will be removed and the bulb root will be stored in a dry place. In March of the following year, the bulbs were directly planted in flowerpots and watered thoroughly. At the temperature of 20 ℃, new buds sprouted one month later. After sprouting, leave a main bud, erase the lateral bud, the lateral bud will affect the plant shape. 3. Cuttage seedlings can also be grown quickly by cutting the buds from the growing plants or bulbs of Tripterygium paniculata in the medium of peat and perlite. Cutting seedling also has the characteristics of short growth cycle and irregular growth, so it is not suitable for large-scale production. Key points of cutting seedling raising: choose the cuttings that are robust, not overgrown and uniform in size, cut the large leaves in half, and the substrate should not be too wet. 4. Tissue culture seedlings can produce a large number of tissue culture seedlings in the expected time by tissue culture of excellent plants in the production process. Tissue culture seedlings have the characteristics of controllable emergence time and neat specifications, which are suitable for large-scale production, but compared with sub-sowing seedlings, the cost is higher. Planting / potting: after pseudo-planting of paulownia, the root system in the 128-hole hole plate should be put into the basin after it has grown completely. 12~15cm plastic basin can be used in the basin. The matrix is composed of 6 parts of domestic peat, 2 parts of coarse-grained perlite and 2 parts of coarse-grained vermiculite. Then add 2kg calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer to each mixed matrix, disinfect it with steam or medicine, and then put it on the basin. When the seedlings are on the pot, it is necessary to keep the seedlings straight and the depth is suitable, and immediately pour water once after the pot. Light regulation: the suitable temperature for the growth of paulownia is 18-25 ℃, in this temperature range, generally no shading is needed, sufficient light should be given to keep the plant at a high photosynthetic rate. When the light is insufficient in winter, it is necessary to add light to ensure that the light is not less than 8 hours a day. Temperature control: from late June to early September, there will often be high temperatures exceeding 30 ℃ or 35 ℃, when one or two layers of shading nets are needed to cool down. If possible, use mist to cool down, the effect is better. High temperature can inhibit the growth of paulownia, but if it is managed properly, it will not do much harm. However, the flowering period during high temperature is very short, so it is best to control flowering in mid-late September. If you want to bloom in autumn and winter, you need to keep the greenhouse temperature above 15 ℃. Cultivation and management: sub-sowing seedlings are generally put into pot from May to June, and the temperature at this time is the most suitable for the rapid growth of paulownia. After a week on the pot, many new roots will grow, and then 20-10-20 water-soluble fertilizer containing nitrogen 150ppm can be applied every week. In order to supplement the absorption of CA, 14-0-14 water-soluble fertilizer containing nitrogen 100ppm can be applied at intervals. After application for a period of time, depending on the plant growth, the concentration of liquid fertilizer could be increased or decreased appropriately. The root system of paulownia belongs to weak type. In the early stage of growth, the substrate should be kept dry and not too wet, so as to promote the healthy development of root system. When the root system is underdeveloped, if it is time to apply fertilizer, but the substrate is still wet, fertilization can be delayed for 1-2 days. Daily watering should be controlled before 10:00, the leaves of paulownia are densely tomentose, can absorb more water, and are easily infected with germs and burned by the sun at noon. The proper watering can be judged from the growth of the root system: under normal circumstances, the new root will grow straight down along the periphery of the substrate after touching the basin wall, and the upper and lower parts of the periphery of the matrix are similar to the root system, and the fine roots are reticulated and coiled in white. If there are many roots at the bottom and few at the top of the substrate, it means that the daily watering is too little, and the roots grow toward the substrate with water at the bottom; if the roots at the upper part of the matrix are very exuberant, and the bottom is sparse, it means that the daily watering is too much and the air at the bottom is insufficient, which inhibits the growth of the root system. Diseases and insect pests: quenching disease is the most common disease before setting seedlings after emergence, and large plants will also be infected. Stunting disease is generally infected to the plant because the matrix disinfection is not complete, so it is necessary to strictly control the matrix disinfection, the application of Likujing and other drugs have a certain prevention and control effect. In the case of too much watering, poor root system and fragile plants, the probability of soft rot caused by bacteria will also increase, so copper preparation or agricultural streptomycin and other drugs should be used to control it in time. The main pests harmful to paulownia are inchworm in vegetative growth period, mites in high temperature period in summer and so on. When spraying in order to control these diseases and insect pests, choose cloudy days, morning or evening, do not spray when there is sunlight, otherwise it will bring unexpected damage to the plant. In addition, the effect of spraying should be carefully observed and the use of medicine should be adjusted in time. Out-of-nursery quality: the seedlings should be refined before coming out of the nursery, and the seedling refining process lasts about 1-2 weeks. The light and ventilation should be strengthened to make the plants undergo exercise, so as to avoid affecting the growth and flowering of potted flowers after sale due to environmental maladaptation. Moderate control of water and fertilizer, and control of seedling height, foliar spraying of calcium and magnesium fertilizer to make the leaf surface thick green, improve seedling resistance, and remove yellow leaves and diseased leaves. When coming out of the nursery, the plant is required to be strong, the color is normal, and generally dark green. The terminal bud is normal, the root system is white and clean, there are no black and brown spots, the plant height is the same, and the plant type is compact.