What soil does Oncidium use, culture methods and precautions of Oncidium / avoid low temperature

We know that there are many advantages of raising Oncidium, the most important of which is to watch flowers, but if we want it to produce pure yellow and elegant flowers, we not only need to choose the right variety, but also need to master certain maintenance skills. For flower friends, how best to plant Oncidium? What kind of soil do you use to grow Oncidium? Let's take a look at the breeding methods and matters needing attention of Oncidium.

How to plant Oncidium

Oncidium is native to tropical America, it likes high temperature and humid environment, and some varieties such as sword leaf type like cold environment, but most of them like hot and cold, so we should pay attention to heat preservation in winter. In addition, Oncidium is also suitable for gathering in a semi-overcast and humid environment, so pay attention to watering and moisturizing, and avoid too strong light.

Culture methods and matters needing attention of Oncidium

I. Culture methods

1. What kind of soil is used to grow Oncidium?

In the choice of soil, it should be mixed with broken fern root, peat soil, broken charcoal, vermiculite and water moss according to the ratio of 4-1-1-1-1-2-1. Of course, it can also be made of rotten leaf soil, garden soil and fine sand. Make sure that the soil is fertile enough and has good drainage and air permeability.

2. Selection of flowerpots

When potted, how to plant Oncidium? it is advisable to have more stomata in the flowerpot, and it is better to have a shallow basin, such as a basin of 15 centimeters. When you go up the pot, you can pad some fossilized wind or small bricks or tiles at the bottom of the pot. it is good for moisturizing and drainage.

3. Lighting

In the culture methods and matters needing attention of Oncidium, light is an important factor. Because it does not like the semi-overcast environment, it should not let the light be too strong when planting, otherwise it is easy to cause burns and damage to the plant, which may lead to yellowing of leaves and anthrax. Do not let the light be too weak, otherwise it will make the leaves droop and the number of flowering will be small.

4. Temperature

The suitable temperature of different Oncidium varieties is different, for example, the suitable temperature of thick leaf type is 18-25 degrees, while that of thin leaf type is 10-22 degrees, but no matter which type of Oncidium is, we should be careful not to let the temperature too low, otherwise it is easy to freeze.

5. Humidity

The ideal humidity is 60% Mel 80%, but when breeding, flower lovers need to choose moisturizing according to climate change, and another more important and useful technique is to keep the environment ventilated, which is very helpful to increase air humidity.

6. Fertilizer and water

Watering: Oncidium has a strong ability to withstand drought, so it can make the soil dry properly, but it is found that when the soil surface is relatively dry, it needs to be fully watered, and in spring and summer, it is best to water it once in the morning and evening.

Fertilization: generally speaking, fertilization should be based on fertilizers with slow fertilizer efficiency, and in the process of breeding, some carbendazim or methyl thiophanate solution can be often irrigated to prevent the emergence of germs and insect pests.

II. Points for attention

1. Proper shading. If it is a large-scale planting, it is best to add a sunshade net for Oncidium, so that the refractive index can be kept at about 40%, and the light can be appropriately increased in winter, so that it can blossom smoothly after flowering, and if the light is too weak, it is not conducive to flower bud differentiation.

2. Change the basin regularly. When potted Oncidium is planted, the flowerpot and soil can be changed every 2-3 years. The time to change the pot is generally chosen after the flowering period, and it is best to choose spring. In the process of changing the pot, attention should be paid to the protection of the root to avoid root injury.

3. Dry and wet alternately. When watering, you generally need to pay attention to the alternation of dry and wet, try to ensure that the soil is slightly moist, wait until the soil surface is slightly dry before watering, and when the temperature is below 10 degrees in winter, you need to water on time, and you need to spray water properly in spring and summer.

Introduction to October Flower events

Flowers suitable for courtyard display in October, the temperature dropped in most parts of the country, with a monthly average temperature between 10 ℃ and 19 ℃.

There are many kinds of potted ornamental plants suitable for courtyard display this month. Among them, woody ornamental plant species are: Nanyang fir, five-needle pine, Japanese golden pine, white bark pine, Japanese fir, spruce, Luohan pine, bamboo cypress, cycad, Canadian jujube, Dutch iron, ash ash, orchid cinnamon, sweet-scented osmanthus, hibiscus, rubber tree, goose palm wood, flower leaf banyan, mulberry, golden pine, variable leaf wood, Brazilian wood, wealth tree, palm bamboo, wine bottle orchid, broad leaf ten work, star anise plate, sprinkler peach coral, Thick-leaf banyan, fish-tail sunflower, loose-tailed sunflower, king coconut, Zhu banana, beautiful needle sunflower, Qin leaf banyan, desert rose, South American iron tree, Fukumi, big Buddha belly bamboo, red maple, silver birch, Milan, Bailan, dew tree, Jiuli incense, southern bamboo and so on. Herbaceous flowers are: a bunch of red, big flower canna, dahlia, chrysanthemum, chrysanthemum, small chrysanthemum, bamboo begonia, Longkou flower, peacock grass, marigold, five-color pepper, cockscomb, calendula, Catharanthus roseus, thousand-day red, petunia, guinea impatiens and so on. It should be noted that in North China, Northeast China and other places, when the temperature drops below 10 ℃, we should pay attention to the cold protection of the species planted in the south and north.

Cultivation of flowers in courtyard

1. The species of woody flowers that can be sown are: peony, safflower oil tea, Michelia, magnolia, seven-leaf tree, summer wax plum, rich and noble son, disease-free son, Kudingcha, Luohan pine, bamboo cypress, French holly, du ying, beautiful needle sunflower, yew, sunflower, privet, lobular privet, camphor, sea immortal, palm, sequoia and so on. Among them, the hilum of the seven-leaf tree should be facing down when sowing, and the seeds of Chimonanthus should be soaked for 24 to 36 hours before sowing. Except for the seeds of Chimonanthus przewalskii and Prunus mandshurica which can be dried and sown in the following spring, the seeds of other species can be treated clean and stored in wet sand to accelerate germination until the seeds are white in spring. It should be noted that the seeds should be washed clean before storage, the water content of the sand should be clustered and loosened, and the ratio of seed to sand is about 1: 3. Seeds should be checked frequently during storage to prevent seeds from drying or mildew. The species of grass flowers that can be sown are: hollyhock, mallow, Yu Mei, calendula, goldfish grass, carnation, pansy, Parthenocissus, Shegan, short snow wheel, high snow wheel, turbot, daisy, black chrysanthemum, iris, beautiful cherry and so on. Greenhouse flowers such as golden lotus, paulownia, petunia, melon and leaf chrysanthemum, spring of the four seasons, African chrysanthemum, balsam flower, can also be sown in a plastic greenhouse.

2. The woody flower species that can be cultivated by cutting are: red-backed cinnamon, goose palm wood, night incense, five-colored plum, fire thorn, ten meritorious works, bergamot, dragon spitting pearl, plantain, Michelia, peach coral, mulberry, leaf flower, jasmine, pearl orchid, red leaf Berberis, golden leaf privet, four seasons osmanthus, gardenia, sea immortal, hemp leaf hydrangea, safflower Spiraea, snow spray, hypericum, red leaf plum, rose, Qionghua, purple myrtle, hibiscus, hibiscus. Oleander, fig, pedicel begonia, etc. The cutting substrate can be either sandy soil or yellow soil, or a mixture of half sand and half bran ash, using fully closed moisturizing cuttings. In addition, some southern flowers and trees cutting, Frosts Descent arrived, we should pay attention to do a good job of cold prevention. Feasible cutting species of grass flowers are: red, thousand red, marigold, four seasons crabapple, bamboo crabapple, hanging bamboo plum, golden Pueraria, cold water flower, coral flower, golden bract flower, shrimp flower, golden vein jade bed, cold chrysanthemum and so on. The fleshy flowers that can be cut are: Yushu, lotus palm, lotus flower, epiphyllum, purslane and so on.

3. Grafting with 1-2-year-old black pine seedlings as rootstocks, bagging and moisturizing grafting of Pinus elliottii (including Osaka pine) and Pinus elliottii, peony with peony roots as rootstocks, red maple and feather maple with one-year-old Acer mongolica seedlings as rootstocks, and one-year-old Magnolia magnolia seedlings as rootstocks, budding excellent varieties such as Magnolia magnolia, Magnolia magnolia and Magnolia safflower. With three-rowed arrow as rootstock, various fairy balls were grafted, and annual citrus seedlings were used as rootstock to graft kumquat.

4. the species of flowers and trees that can be cultivated under low pressure are: Camellia, plum blossom, sea immortal, eight immortal flowers, brocade flowers, tapestry begonia, laurel, snowball, Qionghua, purple magnolia, gardenia, hypericum, French holly, welcome spring, Admiralty, Michelia, snowflake, safflower Spiraea and so on.

5. The woody flower species that can be divided into ramets are as follows: Phyllostachys pubescens, broad-leaved ten meritorious plants, peony, hemp leaf hydrangea, double tapetum, spray, Spiraea, iron tree and so on. The feasible species of grass flowers are: peony, hairpin, spring orchid, purple calyx, crane orchid, cymbidium, Jianlan, buttercup, golden chrysanthemum, iris, shoot dry, lily of the valley, Guangdong evergreen, silver queen bright silk grass, purple triangle leaf sorrel, multi-headed green emperor, kidney fern, one-leaf orchid and so on. Feasible flower species are: calla lily, Zhu Dinghong, freesia, Lycoris, tulip, Mediterranean blue bell flower and so on.

Management of flowers planted in courtyard

1. According to the local climate change, some deciduous ornamental plants can be transplanted after Frosts Descent's defoliation, such as hibiscus, bauhinia, elm plum, pomegranate, clove, red leaf plum, purple magnolia, green peach, Birthday Bun with Bean Paste Filling, Fenghua rose, red leaf Berberis, golden leaf privet and so on. For some evergreen flowering shrubs, such as broad-leaved ten meritorious shrubs, Phyllostachys pubescens, Shu juniper, dragon cypress, Platycladus orientalis, four Seasons, Gardenia jasminoides, Populus tomentosa, etc., when transplanting, one is to cut before transplanting, the second is to bring good soil balls, and the third is to strengthen watering and spraying management after transplanting. The species of courtyard grass flowers that can be planted are: carnation, daisy, hollyhock, kale, pansy, marigold, cherry, fluke, goldfish grass, onion orchid, Ophiopogon japonicus, auspicious grass and so on. Feasible bulb flower species are: daffodils, Hongkou daffodils, tulips, hyacinths and so on.

2. Pruning the hedges and balls in the courtyard for the last time this year requires fine pruning. The standard is flat, straight and round. The garden color blocks and hedge plants suitable for pruning are: Phnom Penh privet, red leaf Berberis, safflower? Wood, Platycladus orientalis in Phnom Penh, yellow poplar in Phnom Penh, big leaf yellow poplar, melon seed yellow poplar, French holly, privet, heather, lobular privet and so on. The balls that need to be pruned are: Dragon cypress, yellow poplar, red bayberry, wolfberry, holly, heather, Haitong, firethorn and so on. For continuously flowering flowers and trees in the courtyard, such as rose, crape myrtle, five-colored plum, triangulated plum, etc., we should continue to cut off the stump and stem, and cut the branches that have flowered moderately. For the grass flowers planted in the courtyard, such as red, marigold, thousand-day red, etc., it is necessary to cut off the open inflorescences in time to promote their lateral shoots to continue to blossom and blossom, so as to prolong the ornamental period.

3. Watering the newly planted courtyard flowers and trees in that year, we should continue to do a good job of watering and spraying: first, to keep the soil at the roots moist, but not stagnant water; second, to continue to spray water on the leaves. In addition, we should also do a good job of spraying water and moisturizing the newly planted grass flowers.

4. Fertilization should be applied to autumn grass flowers planted in the courtyard with balanced quick-acting fertilizer of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium; for sweet-scented osmanthus that has already blossomed, base fertilizer can be opened in annular trenches; appropriate amount of compound fertilizer can be applied to pruned rose, begonia, crape myrtle, hibiscus, camellia, Michelia, plum blossom, wax plum, etc. For Phyllostachys pubescens and Firethorn, as well as bergamot, kumquat, daidai and golden marbles in the south, a small amount of available phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can be properly applied to prolong the fruit appreciation period.

5. pest control continues to use poison swabs to control dry pests such as plum blossom, red leaf plum, cherry blossom, begonia and so on. The withered branches and leaves falling in the courtyard should be cleaned and burned in time. In the north, the thick tree trunks in the courtyard can be whitened at the end of the month, or stone-sulfur mixture can be applied directly on the trunk.

6. The woody plant species that can be collected are: Artemisia elliottii, bamboo cypress, free seed, seven-leaf tree, magnolia, Magnolia, Magnolia Ginkgo, yew, Camellia oleifera, etc. These seeds must be stored in wet sand. The feasible seed species for dry storage are: crape myrtle, Liriodendron chinense, red maple, chicken claw maple, golden pine, metasequoia, Cryptomeria fortunei, Sapium sebiferum, Albizia glabra, Luan tree, hibiscus, southern sour jujube, bauhinia, camptotheca, Chongyang wood, Wujiao maple and so on. Available grass flowers are: a bunch of red, cockscomb, zinnia, thousand-day red, Xiaoli chrysanthemum, marigold, peacock grass, chrysanthemum, impatiens, purple jasmine, ground skin, wheat straw chrysanthemum, Persian chrysanthemum, alpine snow, poinsettia, mimosa, dance grass and so on.

In addition, at the end of October, the underground roots of canna and dahlia were dug up when the aboveground part was close to withering, and the sand was stored indoors, keeping the room temperature not less than 5 ℃, and then cut and planted again in the spring of next year. Management of potted flowers in courtyard

1. Watering although the weather has turned cool, in most areas south of the Huaihe River, the temperature is still above 17 ℃, and the air is quite dry, so watering of potted flowers must be managed carefully. For some foliage plants that like to be moist, such as rubber tree, orchid orchid, tortoise back bamboo, green apple, synthetic taro, ash ash wood, orchid cinnamon, hulk, ruby, etc., it is appropriate to water once a day in sunny days, supplemented by foliar spray; for summer dormant flowers that resume growth after entering autumn, including semi-dormant species, such as calla lily, cyclamen, gentleman orchid, purslane, incense, geranium, hanging bell crabapple, etc., need to increase the amount of water. For wax plum, plum blossom and camellia that blossom in winter and early spring, watering should be controlled and more water should be sprayed to facilitate the expansion of the bud. For the cold-afraid flower species in the northern region, it is necessary to reduce watering, which can accelerate the Lignification of their new shoots, so as to facilitate their safe passage through the winter. The best watering time is 10:00 or 3pm.

2. Fertilization for summer dormant flowers that resume growth after autumn cool, it is necessary to apply low concentration quick liquid fertilizer in time; for Camellia, plum blossom, wax plum, melon leaf chrysanthemum, primrose, gentleman orchid, cyclamen, ink orchid, Belgian rhododendron, red daffodil, etc., the mixture of 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.1% urea should continue to be applied. For most foliage plants, the application of nitrogen fertilizer should be stopped after the middle of October, and some low concentration potassium fertilizer should be applied properly in order to increase the cold resistance of plants; for ornamental fruit potted plants, such as daidai, lemon, kumquat, Tianzhu, winter coral, rich seeds, golden marbles and so on, a small amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can be applied in the first and middle of October.

3. Shade for some very shady foliage plant species, such as Daifen leaf, tortoise back bamboo, bamboo taro, synthetic taro, emerald, Boston fern, pepper grass, etc., need to be shaded for 2 to 3 hours before and after noon.

4. Pruning for most of the bonsai and potted flowers that must be moved indoors in the middle and late October, the withered branches, disease and insect branches, and thin branches should be cut off first; for the long branches, they should be shrunk in strength; the binding objects that have been modeled for 1 to 2 years can be removed, or they can be re-tied after they are untied, so as to prevent them from being tied up in a fixed position for a long time, injuring the cambium of the branches, causing the branches and leaves to die.

5. In the middle and last ten days of October, some ornamental plant species which can not tolerate the low temperature below 10 ℃ can be moved into the greenhouse in time, and some woody potted flowers or tree stump bonsai can be buried in the leeward and sunny soil at the end of the month to prevent the basin soil from freezing. The Yangtze River basin should accurately grasp the information of weather changes and avoid the threat of cold wave going south.

6. Disease and pest control cut off the dead branches and leaves from potted flowers and trees, collect them uniformly and burn them. For potted chrysanthemums, aphids, chrysanthemum tigers, leaf miner larvae, inchworm and other pests should be controlled. Potted plants suitable for balcony display on the balcony in the first and middle of October, there is still strong light and dry air on the balcony. Only those potted plants that have been shelved on the balcony for a long time and have strong resistance can adapt to the open-air environment of the balcony. They are: black pine, golden pine, hammer elm, sparrow plum, triangular maple, water bayberry, white wax, Fujian tea, Luohan pine, Platycladus orientalis, round cypress, dragon cypress, melon seed yellow poplar, pomegranate, leaf flower, thick-leaf banyan, ginkgo, rose, jasmine, Milan, iron tree, firethorn, five-colored plum, Tamarix, red maple and so on. Some cold-resistant southern flowers and trees can no longer be placed on the balcony when the temperature drops to 10 ℃. For some flower species that like a cooler environment, they can be placed indoors at the beginning of the month. Such as Cymbidium, crystal candle, netted grass, Cartland, Phalaenopsis, Oncidium and so on. For some common foliage plants, they can be moved indoors in 3 to 4 hours before and after noon, and can be placed on the balcony at other times, such as palm bamboo, Brazilian wood, wealth tree, green apple, one-leaf orchid, loose-tailed sunflower, fishtail sunflower, king coconut, spotted cymbidium, goose palm wood and so on. In the north, when the temperature drops to 10 ℃, most flowers and trees can no longer be placed on the balcony. For the cultivation of flowers on the balcony in the first ten days of October, we can continue to use large flowerpots on the balcony as cutting containers, containing a mixed cutting substrate of 1 / 2 each of bran ash and wet sand, or vermiculite can be used alone as cutting substrate, covered with plastic film to moisturize, and cuttings cultivate a small amount of ornamental plants. Such as gardenia, goose palm wood, rubber tree, peach leaf coral, Michelia, jasmine, pearl orchid, Guangdong evergreen, coral flower, golden bract, shrimp flower, mulberry, bergamot, silver queen silk grass, golden kudzu, geranium and so on.

Management of balcony flowers

1. Watering woody ornamental plants placed on the balcony, such as cycads, banyans, rubber trees, goose palm wood, Brazilian wood, rich trees, Milan, Prynne, jasmine, etc., can be watered once a day, supplemented by foliar spray. For the species that have been pregnant and will blossom in winter and early spring, such as wax plum, plum blossom, camellia, tea plum, Belgian rhododendron, etc., watering should not be too much, and spraying water to the branches and leaves can effectively promote the expansion of the bud. For potted foliage plants shelved indoors, such as tortoise back bamboo, spring feather, cherry angel, one-leaf orchid, plantain, bird's nest fern, Anthurium andraeanum, taro, green apple, etc., should be watered mainly and watered as a supplement, in order to keep the basin soil dry.

2. Fertilization can be applied to potted flower species that resume growth from dormancy or semi-dormancy, such as Cymbidium, cyclamen, calla lily, Cymbidium, pineapple, orchid, etc., the mixture of 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.1% urea can be applied to daidai, kumquat, golden bean, lemon, bamboo, golden bullet, rich seed, firethorn, winter coral, etc. can continue to apply a small amount of low concentration available phosphate and potassium fertilizer. For Milan, Magnolia, Pearl Orchid, Jasmine and so on, thin phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can be applied 1 or 2 times in early October to facilitate its smooth winter.

3. Shading in the first and middle of October, bonsai and potted flowers placed on the balcony to receive full light, in order to reduce the amount of water, protect the nutritious fibrous roots distributed on the surface of the potted soil, and prevent the consolidation of the potted soil, we can continue to cover the surface of the potted soil with wet grass, moss, wet cloth and so on, especially the bonsai with shallow pots should be paid more attention. For some shade-loving foliage plants, they can be moved indoors for 3 to 4 hours before and after noon in sunny weather. The sunshade net built in summer can be removed after mid-October.

4. Pruning the stump bonsai placed on the balcony in the middle and late October, such as hammer elm, sparrow plum, triangular maple, banyan tree, Fujian tea, Platycladus orientalis (pile), Luohan pine, round cypress, dragon cypress, privet, etc., must be trimmed and reshaped as necessary. The wire or non-metal wire which has been bound for more than a year can be solved first. if the modeling requirement is not met, a new binding position can be changed and then fixed, so as to avoid serious damage to the plant caused by deep constriction. For general potted flowers and trees, such as rose, wax plum, plum blossom, pedicel begonia, vertical silk begonia, etc., can also be pruned appropriately.

5. In late October, the withered branches and leaves of all potted flowers on the balcony can be collected and burned. The stump bonsai with partially exposed xylem of the trunk can be smeared with stone-sulfur mixture, which can not only protect the xylem of the trunk, but also reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests in the coming year.