How to prune, re-cut and transplant (properly trim and grow new branches and leaves) when the evergreen grows taller

Evergreen is a very easy to raise green plants, evergreen leaves are green all the year round, placed at home is a good choice. Pruning is inseparable from growing plants, especially evergreen. Evergreen if you don't build it, it will grow very ugly, just like a pot of weeds. So how to trim when the young grow taller? Re-cutting and transplanting is the best choice.

1. Pruning method for growing and height of ten thousand years of youth

Earlier, we learned the efficacy and function of evergreen and what to do with evergreen worms. Now let's take a look at how to trim when evergreen grows taller. Evergreen is a plant that will grow sharply if you don't care about it. With the continuous growth of the plant, the shape of the evergreen plant will become larger and larger, at this time we can cut off the branches, another way is to re-cuttage.

1. Prune the branches

How to trim when the evergreen grows taller? When the plant grows to the appropriate height we need, after cutting off the branches and taking out the most exuberant growth point at the top, evergreen tends to sprout a large number of lateral branches and derive more leaves.

With the growth of the plant, there are bound to be a large number of old and weak leaves below, so we should cut off these leaves in time to avoid unnecessary nutrient consumption, so that the saved nutrients can be concentrated and transported to the robust branches and leaves. so that the growth state of the plant is better, the leaf color is more bright green, and the ornamental is higher.

2. Pruning old leaves

It can be seen that in order to control the plant type height of the potted evergreen, at the same time improve the flowering effect, and improve the ornamental of the potted plant as a whole, in addition to the need to cut off the branches in time, we also need to prune the useless old leaves in the lower part of the plant. More importantly, pruning needs to be started at the seedling stage, which can not only dwarf the plant and promote flowering, but also save us a lot of indoor space.

Second, the growth and height of ten thousand years of youth can be re-cut and transplanted

How to trim when the evergreen grows taller? This is one of the easiest green plants to grow tall. if you think it is too tall, you can re-cuttage and re-transplant it. It is best to truncate the main stem and let it sprout again, so that a lot of secondary tillers will grow. After pruning, the appearance will be very good-looking. This stage will probably take 6 months before the weather gets hot. Otherwise, it is not easy to survive and sprout slowly when it is hot.

Cutting method:

1. Select the healthy branches of 10cm as cuttings on the evergreen plant, dig a hole in the prepared substrate, insert the cuttings into the prepared matrix holes, pay attention to maintain a relatively high air humidity in the process of cutting, keep the temperature at about 20 degrees Celsius, and Guangdong evergreen will take root in about 25 days after cutting.

2. Water insertion method: when using the method of water insertion, you should select a scion about 20cm long, insert it into a cup filled with clear water, change the water every two days or so, and it will take root after about 20 days. When the root system grows well, it can change the pot to grow.

Evergreen is suitable for building cuttings in spring

Evergreen in the growth process must be pruned in time to achieve the purpose of dwarfing, in the case of maintaining a certain plant type and height, it is often more ornamental and practical. As for the evergreen pruning, it is mostly carried out in the spring, and generally needs to be completed before the Beginning of Summer.

Because the scientific and reasonable pruning of the plant during this period is not only easy to control the growth and height of the plant, but also through the implementation of dwarfing means to maintain a good plant type. It will not take up too much space, nor will it affect the viewing effect. The above is the answer to how to trim when you grow up for ten thousand years. Everyone has learned it.

Breeding methods and points for attention of evergreen Chinese scientific name evergreen

Latin name Rohdea japonica

Don't call it Baihe car.

Binomial Rohdea japonica

The plant kingdom.

Phylum angiosperm

Monocotyledon class

Liliformes

Liliaceae

The lily of the valley clan

Belongs to the genus Illicium

Evergreen (Rohdea japonica (Thunb.) Roth), alias Baihe car, is a perennial evergreen herb, native to southern China and Japan. It is an excellent ornamental plant loved by everyone. It has a long history of cultivation in China. Its Chinese name means "warm herb". Potted plants that can be planted indoors are very ornamental. Evergreen leaves, evergreen seasons, green leaves in winter with red fruit, elegant and beautiful, with the beautiful meaning of eternal youth, health and longevity, everlasting friendship, wealth and auspiciousness. This can be seen from Chen Yuanzi's horticultural work Flower Mirror in 1688: "its rise and fall is to blame, to build houses and emigrate, to hire and treat ponds, children are born, and all happy events are used." During the Spring Festival, people like to put evergreen indoors to celebrate the festival. 1. Morphological characteristics.

Root

Rhizome thick and short, yellowish-white, articulate, nodal on most slender whisker roots, stem 1.5-2.5 cm thick.

Leaf

Leaves 3-6, tufted from rhizome, thickly papery, rectangular-orbicular, lanceolate or oblanceolate, 15-50 cm long, 2.5-7 cm wide, apex acute, base slightly narrow, green, longitudinal veins obviously convex; sheath lanceolate, 5-12 cm long.

Flowers

Scape from leaves in spring and summer, shorter than leaves, 2.5 cm long; spikes 3 cm long and 1.2 cm 1.7 cm wide; flowers numerous, clustered at tip in short spikes; with dozens of dense flowers; bracts ovate, membranous, shorter than flowers, 2.5 mm long and 2 mm 4 mm wide; perianth 4 mm long, 6 mm wide, yellowish, lobes thick Anthers ovate, 1.4 × 1.6 mm long. The berry is about 8 mm in diameter, red when ripe, and contains 1 seed. The flowering period is from May to June and the fruiting period is from September to November.

2. Growth habits

Evergreen is a fleshy root plant, and the planting environment should be warm, moist and semi-shady. In summer, it is best to put it indoors about 80 centimeters away from the south windowsill or in an outdoor shaded place to avoid strong direct sunlight, otherwise the leaves are easy to scorch. Stagnant water is easy to lead to waterlogging, watering too much, easy to cause rotten roots. However, when the air is dry, it is also prone to undesirable phenomena such as dry tips of leaves.

In summer, water should be sprinkled on the ground around the flowerpot every morning and evening to create a humid microclimate. Should also pay attention to guard against heavy rain, especially in the flowering period can not be caught in the rain, should be placed in the shade dry and ventilated place. After entering the room in winter, the room temperature should not be lower than 12 ℃. If the room temperature is too low, it is easy to cause the plants to die from cold and fallen leaves.

Potted evergreen, it is appropriate to use sandy loam soil rich in humus as culture soil. The pH value of soil is 6-6.5, which can give full play to soil nutrition and effectively promote evergreen to blossom and bear fruit. Change the basin regularly every year. When changing the basin, remove the rotten and withered leaves and roots, and use the acid soil of potassium fertilizer as the cultivation soil. After planting, keep the evergreen in the shade for a few days in order to restore vitality. The general garden soil can be cultivated, but the slightly acidic sandy loam rich in humus, loose and permeable is the best.

During the growth period, mature liquid fertilizer is applied every 20 days or so; the growth in early summer is exuberant, and liquid fertilizer can be applied once in about 10 days, and a small amount of 0.5% ammonium sulfate can be added to topdressing, which can promote its growth better and the leaf color is dark and bright. From June to July, 0.2% dihydrogen phosphate solution is applied every 15 days or so to promote flower bud differentiation so as to better blossom and bear fruit (several pieces of the old leaves on the periphery of the adult plant should be cut off before and after the Beginning of Summer to facilitate the germination of new buds, new leaves and scape). In addition, the leaves need to be sprayed with warm water once a week to prevent the leaves from being polluted by smoke and dust, so as to keep the stems and leaves fresh green and green in four seasons.

3. Geographical distribution

Evergreen is native to tropical America. Distributed in China and Japan. China mainly produces Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Guangxi, Guizhou and Sichuan.

4. Cultivation techniques

Plant in spring or turn over the basin to change the soil. Not strict with the soil, but afraid of stagnant water, avoid hard clay and alkaline soil when planting or potted. Pots are generally planted with rotten leaf soil and mixed soil from Gaza.

Light and temperature ten thousand years green like a semi-overcast environment, afraid of direct sun in summer. For greenhouse cultivation, more than 60% should be shaded in spring, summer and autumn, and 40% in winter. The light is too strong to be burned by the sun, and the light is too weak to blossom and bear fruit. Huawang No. 3 can be used to promote flower bud differentiation, more flowering and more fruit. Dormant in winter into the greenhouse, put in the sunny place, the temperature is kept above 10 ℃, the lowest temperature can not be lower than 5 ℃. The Yangtze River basin can overwinter in the open field, and although the leaves have frost damage, they can still sprout new leaves the following year.

When liquid fertilizer is applied every 10-15 days in watering and fertilization growing season, combined with spraying new high-fat film to enhance fertilizer effect, the flowers and leaves will flourish and be brilliant. In summer, we should strengthen ventilation, prevent heat and cool down, and provide adequate water supply, and often keep the basin soil moist and the air humidity of the surrounding environment. Water 1-2 times a day in summer. Reduce watering and stop fertilizing in winter.

Plastic pruning in order to maintain the good shape of the plant and improve the ornamental value, with the growth of the plant, the lower yellow leaves, residual leaves and some old leaves should be pruned in time. The cut should be smeared with callus preservative film to prevent bacterial infection and still sprout new branches and blossom again in late autumn. When raising in the family pot, you can wipe the leaves with a soft cloth dipped in beer and spray Zhuangtuanling, which can not only remove the dust, but also add nutrition to the leaves, making the leaves bright green and clean.

5. General knowledge of diseases and insect pests

Leaf spot disease occurs on the leaves of evergreen. It is easy to occur in high humidity weather. The disease spot is straight brown spot at first, the periphery is water-immersed fade green, and shows wheel-like expansion, round to oval, the edge of brown inside gray-white. In the later stage, black-brown mildew spots appeared in the center of the lesion, and turned into a dark-brown mildew layer under wet conditions. The way to prevent and cure the disease is to remove the residual leaves in time; 0.5%-1% Bordeaux solution (or 50% carbendazim 1000 times) can be sprayed in the early or later stages of the disease.

Anthracnose also occurs on evergreen leaves and can spread to petioles in severe cases. In the initial stage, the plaque showed a flooded small macula, and after expansion, it was oval to irregular brown or yellowish brown, slightly rimmed, and in the later stage, the plaque became dry and produced small black spots arranged in wheel patterns. The main reason for this disease is poor ventilation, and it is beneficial to the occurrence of the disease when it is harmed by shell insects. The way to prevent and cure the disease is to strengthen maintenance and spray 0.3% 0.5% Bordeaux solution (or 60% Dysen zinc plus phosphorus and potash fertilizer; 800% 900 times solution, or 70% topiramate 1500 times liquid). Brown soft scale has complex feeding habits and can harm many plants, among which evergreen is one of the injured flowers. When brown soft scale harms plants, it is generally clustered on the leaves or tender leaves, sucking plant sap and excreting mucus at the same time. Its excretion can easily cause a large number of coal fouling bacteria to multiply, blacken stems and leaves, affect plant photosynthesis, and cause weak growth potential. Leaves withered and yellow, hindering viewing. When the occurrence is serious, the branches and stems are covered with insect bodies, resulting in the withering and yellowing of the plant and affecting the growth.

Characteristics [symptoms] at the beginning of the occurrence of the leaf disease, there were water-stained spots on the back of the leaves, and after 2 or 3 days, the spots were slightly sunken, brown spots, needle tip size, round or irregular shape, and then gradually expanded to dark brown or russet round or irregular spots, with a diameter of 1.5 to 3.0 mm, with a slight wheel pattern and a faded area around the edge, and many spots could occur on a leaf. Especially in the lower older leaves, there are more spots. The disease spots enlarged and gradually joined together, and the veins and petioles also turned brown, so that most of the leaves died; the symptoms of the stem were called black rot, and the vascular bundles of the diseased stem and branches were brown to black, and at this time, the leaves on the stem withered and showed polygonal necrosis. then the bacteria infected the medulla and cortex, and there were several leaf clusters at the top of the branch, and the stem blackened, shrunk and rotted. When the cuttings were injured, they could not take root, and slowly rotted upward from the base, the leaves withered and showed polygonal necrosis.

[pathogen] the pathogen is bacteria, which is a pathogenic variety of Xanthomonas campestris (Xanthomonascampestrispv) from Xanthomonas campestris, Xanthomonas spp. Pelargoni), apex rounded, rod-shaped, simple flagellate terminal. The optimum temperature for growth and development was 25-27 ℃, the lowest was 1 ℃, and the lethal temperature was 51-51.5 ℃.

[incidence regularity] bacteria can be transmitted by cuttings, contact and splashing droplets, and seeds may spread with bacteria; bacteria can survive for 3 months in moist soil; when cultivated too densely and growing rapidly in greenhouse, the disease is easy to be serious, and the disease is serious in the lower part of the plant when it is warm and humid; high nitrogen, high phosphorus and low calcium are beneficial to the disease, while high potassium, low phosphorus, high calcium and symptoms are restrained. There are differences in disease resistance among different species and varieties of geranium. in geranium varieties, large flower geranium is highly resistant, fragrant leaf geranium is moderately resistant, and peltate leaf geranium is highly susceptible. Some plants of Longniu pediatrics are asymptomatic carriers.

Disease and pest control methods (1) Horticulture control: ventilation and light transmission between plants to avoid excessive humidity; do not spray water directly on plants to avoid splashing water droplets to spread disease; do not select cuttings on diseased plants to remove all diseased leaves and branches to avoid contamination of leaves by bacteria-carrying soil. The diseased soil should be treated centrally, and the soil and flowerpot should be sterilized if necessary. The pathogen can survive in the soil on the breeding bed and should avoid splashing the diseased soil on the healthy plant. Spray 1% Bordeaux solution every 10 to 15 days for prevention.

(2) Chemical control: spray agricultural streptomycin 1000 units, or try 14% glue amine copper 300 times solution, or 50% carbendazim 1000 times solution.

(3) thoroughly remove all diseased plants and disabled bodies. Flowerpots, planting tables and tools are washed and disinfected with 10% bleach solution, and the soil is disinfected with 2% formalin solution, or replaced with new soil. Disease-free seedlings were used.

(4) 1% Bordeaux solution or (500-1000) × 0.000001 agricultural streptomycin can be sprayed before and after the disease for several times.

(5) for brown soft scale, if there are few damaged plants or a small number of insects, the insect body can be scraped off with bamboo slices and other things. During the incubation period, the nymphs can be sprayed with 1000 times of 40% dimethoate EC (or 40% omethoate EC 1000 times) and 1000 times of imidophos EC.

6. Main categories

Evergreen herbs perennial in Phnom Penh, without stems above ground. The rhizome is thick and short, yellowish-white, articulate, with many slender fibrous roots on nodes. The leaves are clustered from the rhizome, thick, lanceolate or banded, 10-25 cm long and 2.5-5.5 cm wide, with the edge slightly pleated, the base narrowing to the shape of a petiole, dark green above, light green below, many parallel veins straight out, and the main vein thicker. Scape from leaves in spring and summer, 10-20 cm long; flowers numerous, clustered at tip in short spikes; perianth 6, light green-white, ovate to triangular, head tip, base broad, lower part healed into disk; stamens 6, sessile, anthers long-elliptic; ovary globose, style short, stigma 3-lobed. The berry is globose, orange-red, containing 1 seed, preferring high temperature, high humidity, semi-shade or shady environment. Not cold-resistant, avoid strong light, requires loose, fertile, well-drained sandy loam. Other varieties of Yinbian evergreen include large leaves, thin leaves, dwarfs, and varieties with yellow and white markings, more in Japan and Taiwan.

More.

Value application

Evergreen is treated with rhizome or whole herb, which has the effect of clearing away heat and detoxification, strengthening heart and diuresis, as well as preventing and treating diphtheria, myocarditis caused by diphtheria, sore throat, bacillary dysentery and heart failure of rheumatic heart disease.

[Baiyao] first thick: the whole herb is used to treat pharyngitis, mastitis, bacillary dysentery and heart failure.

[Miao medicine] Ghob heid (A hum), Uab fangf (frog prevention): the function is the same as the record of Yunnan Medicine of Bai nationality. Root and leaf treatment of cough, cardiotonic, treatment of injury, detumescence "seedling medicine". [Jingpo medicine] Haqnyui shem: root stem treatment of myocarditis caused by diphtheria "Dehong Medicine record".

[de Ang Medicine] Geba spinach fever: function with Jingpo nationality "Dehong Medicine record".

[Dong medicine] Weenh nyinc sup, Mal nyinc sup: root stem main treatment Gengmangao (migraine) "Dong medicine".

[Tujia medicine] bao gu qi: root or whole herb to treat weakness of spleen and stomach, sore throat, strain "Tujia medicine".

[water medicine] the rhizome treats bronchitis.

7. Ecological value

Evergreen can remove nicotine, formaldehyde and other harmful substances. Planting evergreen will create a perfect living space for the living environment. Evergreen is usually placed in the living room or bedroom to play a decorative and ornamental role, refreshing. In addition, evergreen can absorb indoor poisonous gas and release oxygen to purify the indoor air, especially for the elderly with weak immunity.

Toxicity.

The juice of evergreen is toxic, and the stem tissue is generally the most poisonous. In general, mucus sticking to the hands or skin can cause allergic reactions, plaques or itchy sensations, and scratches that you don't pay attention to will be more itchy. Pay attention to evergreen, there are Dai fan leaf and rough grass, the toxicity of these two varieties is not the same.

If when the traditional Chinese medicine is taken into the body, nausea and vomiting, headache, dizziness, salivation, anorexia, dizziness, fatigue and other symptoms occur about 1 hour after overdose, abdominal pain, diarrhea, precordial compression, numbness of limbs, cold syncope at the extremities, pale skin, blurred vision, slow heartbeat, decreased blood pressure, severe patients irritability, convulsions, coma, pupil dilation, may produce a variety of arrhythmias, such as ventricular premature beat Atrioventricular block, atrial or ventricular tachycardia, atrioventricular separation, atrial fibrillation, or sinus bradycardia, sinoatrial block and nodal rhythm.

8. Plant culture

Evergreen flower language: health and longevity

It is native to southern China and Japan.

Has a long history of cultivation in China, because of its name and fruit color (red) auspicious, often as a symbol of wealth, auspiciousness, peace, longevity, deeply loved by people.

Evergreen because of its huge shape, green branches and bright red fruit, very much in line with the Chinese aesthetic standard of red and green. Therefore, evergreen represents the beautiful meaning of good luck, family wealth and national peace in the eyes of the Chinese people.

In Chinese paper-cut culture, evergreen is often cut and pasted on doors and windows during the Spring Festival to symbolize the good wishes of auspiciousness and good weather in the coming year. Evergreen is used not only in traditional Chinese festivals, but also when Chinese people get married, evergreen is arranged in the auditorium, implying the good wish of a smooth and happy marriage and early birth of noble children and heirs.

Evergreen often describes the elderly, hoping that they will be as healthy and happy as the East China Sea and live longer than Nanshan, and that evergreen will be green all the year round and full of vitality. therefore, in general, their children and grandchildren will offer a pot of evergreen to wish the elderly as healthy and long as evergreen, and hope that the elderly will be as healthy and young as evergreen.

Perennial green evergreen also indicates the longevity of friendship.

9. Maintenance knowledge

The key points for the conservation of Guangdong evergreen are Araceae, Guangdong evergreen herbs, also known as bright silk grass. Stem erect, 40 cm to 50 cm tall. Leaves ovoid to ovate-lanceolate, base obtuse, apex acuminate. Inflorescences are drawn from the lower sheath, and the spawn is small and green. It is also distributed in southwest China, South China, India and Malaysia. Sex likes a warm, moist and shady environment. Pot culture is suitable for slightly acidic soil which is loose and fertile, rich in humus and well drained. Not resistant to cold, overwintering temperature 5 ℃ to 8 ℃. The leaf surface should be sprayed with water frequently, and the basin soil should always be kept moist. It is mainly propagated by cuttings, which is easy to take root and can be divided under the condition of 25 ℃. Guangdong evergreen is very adapted to the indoor environment, not only can be potted, but also can be bottled, can continue to grow, not withered. Common famous varieties are: Java silk grass, short stems, basal branches, oval leaves, white spots, white veins. Variegated grass, shrubby, with irregular bright green or grayish-white markings. The yellow spot bright silk grass, the stem is white, has the green grain, has the branch. The leaf surface has irregular yellowish-brown markings, and the Buddha flame bud is green and white. These three species are not cold-resistant, and the suitable temperature for overwintering should not be lower than 18 ℃.

Key points for the conservation of evergreen flowers and leaves

There are many irregular white or yellowish spots on the leaves of evergreen flowers and leaves, with bright tones and four seasons of green. Water: like to be moist. Water more in summer, but avoid stagnant water and often spray water on the leaves. Reduce watering in winter. Don't get caught in the rain during flowering.

Fertilizer: the demand for fertilizer is not high. Base fertilizer is applied when changing pots, and generally there is no need to apply fertilizer.

Soil: strong adaptability, but loose, good permeability, slightly acidic loam is the most suitable.

Temperature: winter in northern areas needs indoor overwintering, Jiangnan areas can overwinter in open field, and freezing injury will not occur above 5 ℃.

Light: like half-overcast, avoid exposure. The room should be placed in a ventilated place and given indirect light.

Reproduction: propagation of individual plants. It is easy to survive by dividing the sprouting seedlings in early spring and planting them with roots. Sowing is also possible, but it is generally not used. Ramets can be combined with changing pots, usually once a year, tufted plants will be divided into several clusters and cultivated separately, once every 3 years.

Purple back evergreen how to maintain purple back evergreen, also known as purple brocade orchid, for duckfoot family evergreen persistent root herbs, leaves broad lanceolate, annular bearing on short stems, leaves smooth dark green, leaf back dark purple; flowers axillary, white flowers covered with two clam shell-like purple bracts, filaments with white long hairs, are common indoor foliage plants.

This plant is native to Mexico and the West Indies, likes warm and humid climate, is suitable for growing in an environment with a temperature of 15-25 ℃, likes light, is also shady, and is afraid of the scorching sun, and requires fertile and water-retaining soil.

Purple back evergreen soil should be mixed with 2 parts of pond mud and 1 part of peat. Because of its strong adaptability and extensive management, sufficient light should be given except for shade or placed in semi-shade from May to October; watering should be wet rather than dry, but not too wet or stagnant water, otherwise the roots will rot for a long time; when the weather is dry, we should often spray water to keep the growth environment with high air humidity, fertilize should not be too much, and apply cake fertilizer and water 1-2 times. Winter should be placed indoors to the wet place, keep 6-10 ℃ or so, the soil is slightly moist on the line, not too wet.

Purple back evergreen is often propagated by split-plant method, and there can also be cutting and sowing methods. Ramets are usually carried out in spring when the pots are turned over, and the dense mother plants are cut with a sharp knife from the gap. Cutting can be carried out in the growing season, the practice is to cut off the top of the stem 7-10 cm long, remove the lower leaves, cut into the sand, moisturizing, about 2 weeks can take root. The sowing seeds are often sown in pots in April and grow rapidly after emergence. When the seedlings grow to about an inch, they should be transplanted in time so that they can grow into plump plants in the autumn of that year.

Conservation of zebra leaf evergreen originated from Colombia, zebra leaf evergreen likes warm and humid climate, the optimum temperature for growth is 25 ℃ to 30 ℃, and the indoor temperature in winter should be maintained at about 15 ℃, the lowest 10 ℃. Potted soil can be mixed with 7 parts of rotten leaf soil and 3 parts of loam soil and 1 part of Gaza. Zebra leaves like semi-shady environment, avoid direct sunlight, and can be cultivated indoors all the year round. Resistant to moisture, a water plate can be placed at the bottom of the basin, in which water is released, so that the water can constantly infiltrate the basin soil from the small holes in the basin floor. Watering should be controlled in winter, and the lower the temperature is, the less watering should be paid. Some leaves may turn yellow and fall off in winter, but as long as they are not frozen, they can be reissued in the next spring. If you put it indoors for the winter, the growth is weak, and there is a tendency of overgrowth, you can put it in the outdoor semi-shady place for a period of time in the growing season, and then move back to the room after the vitality is restored. Fertilization can be carried out in the growing season, depending on the growth trend, once or twice a month, apply more rotten liquid fertilizer or compound fertilizer to promote green leaves, but nitrogen fertilizer should not be used more.

Its "flower" is a typical spike inflorescence of Araceae. There are few or no seeds, so it is difficult to propagate with seeds. Propagation is basically asexual reproduction, and the main methods are tissue culture and cutting. The success coefficient of tissue culture is large and the cost is low, but certain equipment and conditions are needed. The cutting method is to cut the old stem into small segments of 10 to 15 centimeters in spring, obliquely insert it in the sandy soil, keep it moist, wait for rooting and long leaves, and transplant it into a pot, or cut the stem into a small section with one or two nodes in the growing season, with a length of about five or six centimeters. Hang for a few days after the cut is dry and grow directly in the basin, keep it moist, and you can soon send roots and leaves. The stem segment with leaves can also be cut and inserted in a transparent glass water bottle and fixed with white rice stone for architectural decoration. In about half a month, it can be seen to grow white as jade fibrous roots, which can not only watch the leaves but also appreciate the roots. Because its juice is toxic, care should be taken not to touch the skin, mouth and eyes during operation. There are more than 30 varieties belonging to the same genus as zebra leaf evergreen, which also has certain ornamental value, but this species is the largest, with thick and hard leaves, elegant and beautiful stripes and luster, tall plants and stout stems, so it is an ideal indoor ornamental product.

The main points of cultivation of other species are: warm, moist and semi-shady. Potted plants had better be placed indoors about 80 centimeters away from the south windowsill or in a shaded place outdoors to avoid strong direct sunlight, otherwise the leaves are easy to scorch. In addition to adequate watering, water should be sprinkled on the ground around the flowerpot every morning and evening to create a humid microclimate. During the growth period, not too much watering, when the basin soil surface whitening is the appropriate time for watering. Liquid fertilizer is applied every half a month.

After entering the room in winter in the north, the room temperature should not be lower than 12 ℃. If the temperature is too low, it can easily lead to the death of cold fallen leaves. Spray the leaves with warm water once a week in winter to prevent the leaves from being contaminated by smoke and dust, so as to keep the stems and leaves fresh and beautiful.

Introduction and planting of potted plants (3)

13. In the past, when people roamed the Lunar New year Flower Market, most people only purchased some peach blossoms, chrysanthemums, silver willows, and so on, for vase use. In recent years, with the emergence of a large number of trendy flowers, many people are interested by the light and exquisite small potted flowers. In particular, the rhododendron, which is covered with red and beautiful flowers, is the most fascinating, always praying to have it during the Spring Festival.  rhododendron, abbreviated as rhododendron. It is a new variety obtained by Dutch and Belgian experts after long-term cross breeding. It is said that it contains the relatives of Chinese rhododendrons. Because of the most breeding and promotion in Belgium at first, it is also known as "rhododendron", which is one of the most popular famous flowers in the world today. It is characterized by short and strong plant type, compact crown, luxuriant flowers and leaves, mostly double and double petals, and its petals are round and wide, narrow, backward, wavy, wrinkled and so on. The pattern is a little red, rimmed, flying white, sprinkled with gold, clouds and so on. Generally speaking, 30 or 40 flowers with a crown diameter of 25 centimeters can bloom, two or three times more than the local rhododendrons. The flowers are dignified, delicate, elegant and charming, lasting 40 to 50 days from the first flower to the final flower. Its sweet smile can still be seen on Chinese Valentine's Day, the Lantern Festival.  originally said, "March rhododendron red". According to the flowers in China, most cuckoos bloom before the end of spring. Its elegant demeanor of "all kinds of red and purple fighting Fangfei" often makes the mountains red all over and the earth embroidered all over. But just when the cuckoo was singing the loudest, they sounded, "Why not go back, why not go back", so some poets "suspected to be blood in the mouth, dripping into flowers on the branches." As a result, the saying of "cuckoo weeping blood" spread widely, making many people regard it as a "flower of grief". This has long been solved by scientists. It turns out that cuckoos are mostly in full bloom from March to May, when cuckoos are generally in estrus and courtship, and the inner wall of its mouth is originally red, and what it sings with its mouth is the love song it is looking for a mate to pour out. This is the cuckoo's happiest time, but it would be a big mistake for some people to call it sorrow. In recent years, with the increasing popularity of science, many flower fans have further updated their ideas. on the contrary, they feel that the flowers of the rhododendron are like rich hydrangeas, with the auspicious meaning of "full pots." therefore, the rhododendron is very popular in the Lunar New year Flower Market. Before the Spring Festival in 1994, Guangdong Province imported 600000 pots from abroad, each priced at 40 or 50 yuan, all of which entered thousands of households and opened brilliantly. It can be said that "looking back at the colorless peaches and plums, the hibiscus is not a flower". The variety of  cuckoo is very rich, and there are more than 300 in Europe and America alone. It can be distinguished from the color and shape of flowers during flowering, and from observing the shape of leaves before and after flowering. In recent years, about 25,30 varieties have been introduced in Lingnan and 40,50 in Shanghai. Most of the varieties welcomed by the masses are safflower and pink flowers. Such as red flowers of the "aurora", "Hong Linlin" and "scarlet hibiscus". The white inlaid red edge, the corrugated "crown" next to the petal, and the "Heavenly Girl Dance" with red and white edges and wrinkled edges are more popular. But pure white varieties often have a price but no market because they are not suitable for the festive atmosphere. At present, the western cuckoos imported into the Pearl River Delta before the Spring Festival are mostly cultivated by cutting in foreign artificial climate rooms, which are generally standardized, serialized and intensive. After being transported to the mainland, light and temperature can be adjusted for a period of time. You can meet the market before the Spring Festival. If the domestic variety breeding and cultivation of rhododendron catch up with the advanced level in the future, it will save a sum of foreign exchange for the country.  rhododendron is a perennial woody plant, its vitality is much stronger than herbaceous flowers, as long as its growth habits are carefully managed, it can continue to blossom in the next year. According to observation, it has "five joys and five fears" in its life. "Wuxi" means warm and cool climate, acidic soil, ventilation and light, moderate dryness and humidity, and thin fertilizer. "five fears" means fear of the scorching sun, cold, muggy, humid and fat. When all its flowers are shedding, the plant can be taken out, cut off part of the old roots, replaced into a larger tile basin, and added an appropriate amount of new plant material, drenched with enough water to avoid hot sun exposure. After one month, the compound fertilizer dissolved in clear water is diluted 100 times as topdressing, which can promote its germination of new branches. Move to a cool place in summer, guard against the cold in winter, and cultivate the rest according to the conventional method, so that the cuckoo can continue to watch. 14. Cyclamen is nicknamed Yipinguan, rabbit flower, monk hat flower, radish begonia and so on. Primulaceae, cyclamen.  origin and habits: cyclamen originated in southern Europe and near the Mediterranean, sexual preference for gentle, moist, cool, shady environment, but avoid too wet. It is required that the cultivated land is rich in humus and lime and has good drainage.  morphological characteristics: cyclamen is a perennial bulbous herb. The bulb is fleshy, oblate, massive or globular, purplish black, with dense bearded roots at the bottom of the corm; the leaves are tufted from the top of the stem, and the petiole is purplish red. Leaves oval or heart-shaped, green, mostly white markings, purple back, leaf margin serrated or shallowly wavy notched; flowers solitary, pendulous, perianth rolled upward, like rabbit ears, pedicel drizzle long. Flowers are white, pink, lilac, deep purple, orange yellow, orange red and other colors, the base is often dark red, deep purple spots. Capsule globose, containing many seeds. Florescence lasts from autumn to spring.  propagation technology: cyclamen is mainly propagated by sowing and can also be divided into bulbs. Sowing and breeding can be done in spring and autumn. It is usually carried out from September to October. Soak the seeds in 24 ℃ warm water for 12 hours before sowing, sow or insert them at a distance of 1 cm to 2 cm, and cover the soil with about 5 mm. Put it in the dark place of 18-20 ℃, it can take root in 2 weeks, and 1 cotyledon can be produced in 4-6 weeks, that is, move to the light place. Division and reproduction is generally carried out after the autumn dormancy period, the old bulb is cut into 2 or 4 pieces with a sharp knife, so that each flap has a terminal bud, and the incision is coated with plant ash and then planted, and watered after 1 day to avoid wound decay.  management technology: cyclamen grows at a suitable temperature of 15: 25 ℃ and begins dormancy when it exceeds 30 ℃. The high temperature in summer should be kept in a cool shade and should not be caught in the rain. Cyclamen to avoid too wet, watering once every morning, slowly irrigated by the edge of the basin. Do not sprinkle water directly on the leaves and the heart of the plant. Reduce the amount of water after flowering, can be irrigated once every 2-3 days, 7 stop watering at the bottom, let the leaves wither and enter the dormant period, start watering in the next spring, and increase the amount of water after growing new leaves. During the cyclamen growing period, thin fertilizer and water were applied once a week or 10 days, liquid fertilizer was applied 1 or 2 times before flowering, and fertilizer was stopped during flowering to avoid bud drop. Cyclamen fruit ripens from 5 to 6 months after flowering, and the fruit is picked from green to yellow and stored in a cold place. It is generally stored at 2 ℃ and can still germinate for more than 4 years.  ornamental value: cyclamen has a long flowering period and bright colors, especially winter flowering adds infinite spring to the bedroom. Camellia, Camellia.  origin and habits: Camellia is native to the south and southwest of China and is widely cultivated in Sichuan, Yunnan, Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Hunan, Anhui and other provinces. Camellia is warm, moist and semi-shady. It is not suitable to be too cold, hot or windy. Avoid sun exposure, require loose, good drainage, humus-rich acid soil, pH 5.5-6.5 is the best.  morphological characteristics: camellias are evergreen shrubs or small trees, leaves leathery, ovate, elliptic to Obovate, apex obtuse-acuminate, base cuneate, serrulate, surface dark green, glossy, leaves arched upward, leaf margin, leaf tip often downward retrorsely curved; flowers solitary or opposite in leaf axils or top of branches, red, sessile, petals 5 or 7, round; capsule, globose or angled. Propagation techniques: Camellia can be propagated by sowing, cutting, grafting, striping and other methods. Sowing is generally used to cultivate new varieties or propagate rootstocks. The seeds are collected and sown in the seedbed after ripening in autumn and winter. At 18: 20 ℃, they can germinate in 10 to 30 days, and it takes 4 to 5 years to bloom. The cuttings were carried out from April to June, and the annual hard branches were selected, which were about 10-15 cm long, with 1 terminal bud and 1 lateral bud at the upper end, 2-3 leaves, ring peeling, and the lower leaves had to be cut off. The cutting substrate can be sandy loam or humus. The cuttage pot is placed under the shade canopy at a temperature of 18: 20 ℃ and a relative humidity of 80% to 85%. It takes about 60 to 100 days to take root, and new branches can be produced in the next spring. Can also be used in the current year of tender wood cutting, about 30 days can take root. The propagation of horticultural varieties of camellia is often connected. Camellia, Camellia oleifera and Camellia oleifera seedlings can be used as rootstocks, and the cuttings of Camellia variants are often used as rootstocks. The scion is 2-3 years old, with branches about 30 cm long and 40 cm long. Rely on the base of the scion and the root neck of the rootstock, cut off the cut of 4 cm and 5 cm in length, and then join the two. It is suitable for grafting from May to June, and after about 100 to 120 days, the rootstock and scion can be completely healed and can be cut off from the female parent. The high branch pressing was carried out from May to October, and the strong annual branches were selected for annular peeling with a width of 1 cm. The wound was bound with rotten leaves and soil with plastic bags, kept moist, rooting in 2 months, and cut off the basin.  management technology: Camellia is sensitive to light, avoid moving potted flowers to the light position; camellia likes fertilizer, which should be fertilized after flowering in April to promote spring shoot germination. Topdressing should be applied in June to promote summer shoot germination and bud formation. From October to November, fertilizer should be supplemented to improve the cold resistance of plants, mainly potassium dihydrogen phosphate and rotten bean cake water, etc. Camellia should have sufficient water, moist air and regular water spray on its leaves during the growing period. Alkaline water can be used for watering, or "alum fertilizer water" and clear water can be used for watering; camellia should be placed under the shade in summer, such as shade and ventilation indoors, and the potted soil should be changed after flowering or from September to October, and the potted soil should be loose, the proportion is the same amount of loam mixed with rotten leaf soil or peat soil, and add a small amount of river sand.  ornamental value: Camellia is a precious flower which is a specialty in China. Beautiful plant shape, beautiful flowers, flowering in early spring, quite cherished by the horticultural community. Sixteen, kumquat orange alias golden bullet, kumquat, belongs to Rutaceae, kumquat genus.  origin and habits: kumquat is native to the warm areas of southern China. Sex like moist cool, more cold-resistant, but also drought-resistant, slightly shady. Requires a deep, fertile slightly acidic soil.  morphological characteristics: kumquat is an evergreen shrub or small tree. The height of the plant can reach 3 meters. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, two acuminate, 4-9 cm long, tip inconspicuously serrate; petiole narrowly winged; peanut leaf axil, white, petals 5. The fruit is small, Obovate, about 3 cm long, yellow when ripe, juicy and delicious to eat with skin.  propagation technology: the offspring of kumquat sowing seedlings are more variable, the varieties are easy to degenerate, and the results are late, so generally do not use sowing propagation. Grafting is often used to propagate. Rootstock gold with Chinese tangerine, lime, can improve cold resistance, generally use bud grafting and branch grafting. The budding was carried out from June to September, and the potted plants were often grafted and transplanted before budding in the second year.  management technology: potted kumquat requires proper management of water and fertilizer. Before the spring buds germinate, cut off some of last year's branches, leaving 2-3 buds for the strong ones, and 3 pruned 1-year-old branches for each plant, which is beneficial to spring shoot germination. When the new buds grow to 15-20 cm, the branches will be plump. When the branches grow at the same time, apply a quick-acting phosphate fertilizer, such as superphosphate, prevent branches and leaves from growing, promote flower bud differentiation and blossom and bear fruit. At the end of May, the spring shoots blossom and bear fruit in the same year, and the flowers should be thinned properly during the flowering period. after setting the fruit, it is appropriate to thinning the fruit once according to the tree potential, 2-3 per branch. Cut off the autumn shoot in time to prevent the second fruit.  ornamental value: potted kumquat is evergreen all the year round, with luxuriant branches and leaves and beautiful tree shape. It blossoms in summer, the color is jade white, and the aroma is overflowing. Autumn and winter fruit ripe or yellow or red, embellished in the green leaves, can be described as Biye Jinwan, help sparse Changrong, high ornamental value. Iron cycads are also known as Tieshu, Phoenix tail plantains, plantains, fire-avoiding plantains, belonging to the cycads family and evergreen trees of the cycads genus.  origin and habits: originated in south-central China, India, Japan and Indonesia, originated in East and Southeast Asia. Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hunan, Sichuan and other places are widely cultivated. North China, Northwest and other places as potted plants for indoor viewing. Cycads like sunshine, dry and ventilated environment, not cold-resistant, good fertilizer, like sandy soil, slow growth.  morphological characteristics: cycads can be as high as 8 meters in the country of origin, indoor potted plants up to 3 meters high, the stem is thick cylindrical, no branches, there are thick leaf marks, the formation of fish scales. The leaf cluster is born at the top of the stem and is a large pinnate compound leaf, about 1 meter long. Leaflets linear, leathery, tip hard, dark green glossy, leaf margin revolute. Every spring, the old leaves fall off one after another; the flowers are unisexual, born at the top of the stem, dioecious, and the male flowers are spirally arranged in the shape of a pineapple, covered with pilose hairs, fresh yellowish at the beginning and brown after maturity. The female flower is larger, with many palmate scales, flattened in shape and gradually divided into a pine tower. Cycads rarely bloom, 20-or 30-year-old trees can blossom, so it is called "Millennium Iron Tree flowering", flowering from June to August.  propagation technology: cycads are mainly propagated by tillers, but also by sowing or cutting propagation.  sowing and propagation: harvest cycad seeds in October or full seeds of no more than two years, soak them in warm water of about 50 ℃ for 24 hours, then soak them with dilute hydrochloric acid or dilute sulfuric acid for 10 minutes, then rinse them with clean water, change water every other day when soaking, wait for the seed coat to be completely swollen and soft, peel off the seed coat manually, wash off the pulp, dry the seeds, and then store them. Seed sand storage treatment was carried out around December. Because of its thick and hard seed skin, it can be treated by variable temperature method and finally stored in sand. Use clean sandy loam, river sand, perlite and other materials with good water conservation and permeability to make the seeding bed with a thickness of not less than 40 cm. Sow the prepared seeds into the bed at a distance of 5 to 20 ℃ cm, with a depth of about 3 cm. Then cover the river sand with a thickness of 3 cm, depending on the dryness of the soil and fine sand on the bed, control the amount of water, and then cover the plastic film for moisturizing and heat preservation, open the film once a week on a sunny morning, the soil should be watered to keep moist, and cover the film at sunset in the afternoon. Generally, it takes 4 to 6 months for cycads to store sand. During this period, the temperature and humidity of the sand should be maintained and the appropriate temperature is required to be 18: 25 ℃. The relative humidity is 800.90%. To keep warm in winter, it should not be lower than 12 ℃. In the second year, from May to June, the seeds germinated and broke their shells, and from July to August, they germinated and grew a true leaf.  ramet propagation: in summer, the sucking buds should be separated from the stem of the mother plant, inserted into the open field or basin, and buried in half of the soil. The survival rate of ramet reproduction can reach 8090%, and the growth of sucking buds is slow. It is best to separate the sucking buds after 3 years, and the sucking buds with small wound are easy to live. Cadres can also be cut into sections of 15 to 20 centimeters long and buried in sandy soil so that they can regenerate new buds around the cadres and then be planted and cultivated.  management technology: cycads are suitable for growing in direct sunlight or bright scattered light, it is best to be semi-shaded in summer, the temperature is maintained at 15: 20 ℃, the soil and air humidity is larger, and the leaves should be sprayed frequently. The plant has no dormant period, the suitable winter temperature is 12-16 ℃, and the plant has a considerable degree of cold resistance. During the period of 3-9 ℃, liquid fertilizer should be applied once a month, and the suitable cultivation medium should be the mixture of organic soil, mud carbon and fine sand. The basin soil is changed every 2-3 years, and new soil and base fertilizer are added to help growth. The application of liquid fertilizer several times in summer and the addition of ferrous sulfate solution can make the leaf color greener. After autumn, the diseases and insect pests of cycads with reduced watering water are the most common, and the leaves damaged by scale insects should be kept well ventilated at first. After the discovery of shell insects, observe the spray stone sulfur mixture or fluoroacetylammonium during the incubation period.  ornamental value: cycad leaves are spectacular, often used as excellent foliage plants for garden flower beds, flower pile center decoration, or as a large indoor hall, entrance layout. Leaves can also be used as cut flowers to configure flower baskets and wreaths. And leaves, flowers and fruits can be used as medicine. 18. Evergreen flowers and leaves are the most common species in the genus Araceae and Genus (Genus Daifen). Origin and habits: originating from Brazil. The lowest temperature of overwintering in northern greenhouse should not be lower than 14 ℃. When the temperature drops to 7 ℃, the leaves fall off and die (others are the same as those in June). Morphological characteristics: evergreen evergreen perennial herbaceous plants. The stem is stout, erect; the leaf moment is round to rectangular-circular-lanceolate, the tip is smooth, green, often accumulate at the top of the stem, 15 cm long and 15 cm wide, with irregular white or yellowish patches and bright tones. The breeding and management techniques of evergreen flowers and leaves have the same ornamental value as that of evergreen in June. It is worth mentioning that the sap in the leaves and stems of flowers and leaves is poisonous, and the entrance can cause severe swelling and pain.