How to reproduce water lilies, three propagation methods of water lilies (cutting / ramet / sowing)

Water lilies, similar in shape to lotus flowers, are more valuable flowers, often found on the lakeside of the park, and are often potted at home. In daily farming, people only need to know how to grow water lilies, but it is also important for veterans to master the breeding methods of water lilies. How do water lilies reproduce? Follow the editor to find out.

How to propagate water lilies, cuttings / ramets / sowing

2 with 2 clusters of bud induction and proliferation.

Single bud inoculation was cultured on the basis of tufted bud induction and culture.

L after raising d, it can be seen that the basal part grows like a tuberous protuberance, and then grows gradually and then forms a cluster bud. Induction and propagation of tufted buds and 6 B} close-cut of II- A concentration l. It can be seen from the table 2 that NAA = can contain l = 00 / .5gLm, while 6B-concentration An is lower (2 /), which induces the formation of clumps when induced by less than mL g, but buds can grow into healthy seedlings: 6 in small culture medium.

Table 2 the response of different B 6 concentration from bud induction and successive generation.

A Yes

The meaning of the realization of one is warm. The shadow response of lotus seedling growth in black velvet Guanyin group needs to be further tested. 24. Transplant.

It can be transplanted when the small seedlings reach the root system, 2 have leaves 3, up to 45 m in length and c in height. The large number of seedlings propagated after generation growth has root succession, and rooting culture should be carried out without entry. Cut directly from the middle of the bud, the seedlings with the whole root system can be removed and transplanted, and will be weak (turn to page 5 and below)

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However, the trend of fruit yield in the two seasons has been reflected, and the basis is the same. The relationship between fertilizer application and yield forms a unimodal curve f diagram.

Fig. I relationship between fertilization level and yield

The main results are as follows: 1. Under the low condition of applying fertilizer and water level, it is higher with the increase of fertilizer level.

The yield increased with it, and then decreased with the increase of fertilizer application and Shuiping. (2) Economic benefit analysis

. cost calculation in different places, removing fertilizer and picking.

Foreign (the same wage for bean picking is 02 per kilogram, and Maoyuan is raised with the increase of output.

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The output value of node 3 was the highest in the two seasons. The output value of each 667.m6 is 8.1 yuan and 28.4 yuan, and the ratio of output to input is 16.5 yuan J 050, and 14 yuan is 30 yuan. But the original book is the most. 6 and 3

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From the results of the trial, it can be seen that under the medium fertility bar,. Morning

The yield of soya bean was the highest on the right side of N 5-676, the highest on the left and the highest on the left, and the yield on the right was the highest, but the economic benefit of 4-667 was not the highest. The yield of soya bean was the highest in Shuiping N 5-676 on the right, the highest on the left and the highest on the left.

According to 4 and 5 points, it is not difficult to see that the input cost of fertilizer is not proportional to the output and output, that is, the input of fertilizer is not certain to get high output, so it should be invested. And suitable

3 discussion

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(2) the application of this test and harvest is higher than that of fertilizer case lO60 7. It is higher than that of fertilizer case 7. The application of fertilizer for edamame bean production, quantity and years I have come to apply fertilizer has been tested, and its example comparison is accurate and reasonable, and it needs to be tested and verified.

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When transplanting, the heart of the rooting seedlings was taken out, washed and cultured, then transferred to the poisoned substrate, watered thoroughly, and kept at a temperature of 2 "5m CO2".

The wet degree is 7% 5 -, the new root sprouts and new roots can be seen in 57 days.

85% of the seeds could be irrigated with large amount of I3 Yuanying culture solution after 3 days and 5 times, and then transplanted into the pot after 1 month d /-MS. The test showed that it was suitable for transplanting Guanyin lotus bottle seedlings of black velvet.

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Top bud culture and rapid reproduction of black velvet Guanyinlian

Huang Qing

(Zhoufeng Agricultural and Municipal Science Research Institute Quan Jinjiang 321 262)

To pick: the tip of the black velvet Guanyinlian bulb was cut as the outer segment implant, and the tissue culture and rapid propagation were tested. The fruit is obvious, indicating that a higher concentration is added to the M-culture S base.

The induction and subculture of 6 AB terminal buds and clump buds are beneficial to growth, and the root culture medium can be 1MS 6 03 05 one pair / B2 + A. ^ m. LNAA.~. Ml 0810.

The root of the birth rate is 1.0. When the seedlings were transferred to the coconut bran mixed with 3-0% pearlite, the yield was more than 9%. Adopt natural transformation and cultivate 0% 0% 45 under the condition of temperature and light

It is beneficial to the roots and growth of seedlings, and the quality transfer and mature rate of high-bottle seedlings are active.

Key words: black velvet sound Guanlian top bud tissue culture, rapid culture and rapid propagation

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Category: ¥8. 6 O 83 61 13 2. Article 1 bid recognition: a

Code number: 1 0Mui 2 2-0 20-o (0-0 6 037 2) 300 9 3

Velvet black Guanyinlian (oa I'cl l'e "name AI sc Ba akeV v) r and black goose" is a perennial herbaceous plant of Amorphophallus in the southern family of Amorphophallus. Black.

Velvet Guanyin lotus is famous for its dark green leaves and dense velvet on its surface. The lower part of it has fleshy tuber, leaf shield, small leaf notch margin, silver-white and obvious vein leaf, light green petiole, smaller plant.

The small and medium-sized species of the genus are also introduced from other countries in recent years.

To be large

The S of the quantity element minus half M is simply called 21) the nutrient base is (MS / M)

Basic, J AAN0 03 5 / and A08I 1mL. Each culture medium of Chengtian Jl f. Mg.L B. -. 0 group was supplemented with 30% glucose, O 6p 7.% 5. Joan,% H. 59. The medium apical buds and tufted buds were induced and cultured with sucrose.

1. Test method 3

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Increase and root culture medium base food with white sugar instead of sugarcane sugar.

Rinse and dry clean the tested bulbs, remove the leaves and peel off the leaves and sheath scales, and wrap the tight white scales at the bottom of the top. Jing Gong Chao is used as spermicidal bacteria for 7% wine on the stage for 3 s at 50. Then disinfect 1 mi sterile with 1H0g solution

Wash 5% C. h n for 0 times, the bacteria absorbent paper absorbs water on the dry surface of the surface, and peels off the outer part of the paper.

A new variety of inner foliage plants in the unique style room. Plant tissue culture technology has been widely used in gardening, and at present, there are many related to the cultivation of this genus plant (taro) and rapid propagation technology report, but there are Guanhai group,

The tissue culture technique of black velvet Guanyinlian has not been reported yet. To this end, people-oriented

The top segment of the bulblet of Nelumbo nucifera is externally planted, and the adult induces its apical bud to sprout and form a cluster of buds, followed by growth, reproduction, rooting and seedling formation, and propagates a large number of seedlings in a short time. 1 material and material French side

1 1 for test materials.

To the second scale layer, the m segment of 8.1 m at the top is cut out for planting 0-

, the body was seeded on the top of the bud and cultured in the medium. D 4 the top buds were divided into 5 buds after the connection of observation system. 1. Induction of cluster buds and. 2 reproduction 3

The stem ball of the tiller of the black velvet Guanyinlian 2 maternal plant. Year 1

. the culture temperature of 2 cultured strips was 2 ℃ 5, the illumination was 11 h per daylight, and the illuminance was 3 mol / L 2520 I. (3) every five generations. MS was used as culture medium, with the same 6B-A NAA not added for 0 x 0 45 d, and each stage and stage were used for screening culture medium such as

Below:

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The small and medium seedlings cultured together from the source were cut into single buds, and the grafted seeds were cultured in cluster bud guidance and induction culture, and inoculated in each bottle.

(5) single bud, once every 3 days, to observe the induction, proliferation and reproduction of tufted buds.

Give birth to 5 long-term feelings.

1 rooting. Culture and transplanting. 3. Cut c with a height of about 2m from the tufted buds obtained by subculture.

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(1) inducement and culture of terminal buds.

. set up a 6B-A location with different concentrations, that is, at Ms +.

The roots and seedlings are raised in the rooting medium. The bottle seedlings after inoculation were divided into two groups, one of which was left in the still warm chamber, and the other group was sheltered in the shade.

The self-changing temperature and light strips (10 ℃ light intensity 3S7 0 ~ 0 I) were used to observe the rooting of seedlings, the growth of seedlings and the survival of transplanting. The strong seedlings with strong roots were mixed into the bran of rock coconut with different Bizhen pearl cases, and the new roots were treated with 31 large amount of element culture solution for 3-5 months after the new roots germinated, and then transplanted. Basin / M 1 S

2 discussion and comment on the results

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In A0A / 2 culture medium, 1002, 4 0.mgL., 03.

And 05L B-An of mg. .1 Bud clump

Inducement and multiplication culture medium. 2 different concentrations of + .5 / f 1 were added to 2 MSN AA00 gmL culture medium.

Degree 6B 1, 200460 1: a 0.,.., .8o, 00 1 /. M.gL six and one.

123 take root and cultivate the base.

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The top inducement of I 2 buds. When the explants were cultured on the bud induction medium, the apical scales elongated obviously after 2 days, and the apical buds began to sprout.

Move 0, 4-shaped d into a single bud about 1 m high. After 5. C

B

Tuber meristem propagation is mainly for cold-tolerant water lilies. Although many varieties with Odorata and Tuberosa tuber types can bear fruit and carry out sexual reproduction, they generally do not use sexual reproduction unless it is necessary (such as breeding new varieties from seedlings), and a large number of clonal homotypic individuals are obtained by asexual reproduction, so there is no need to worry about their character separation.

For the variety with Marliac tuber, the tissue of the tuber is solid, and the connection between the lateral bud and the main stem is tight, so it is not easy to break off by hand, so it needs to be cut with a sharp knife. The separated lateral bud grows fast and can blossom in the same year.

Most of the varieties with Odorata and Tuberosa tubers showed longer rhizomes and lateral buds grew along the tubers. The lateral buds of the former are large and stout, grow fast and exuberant, and often grow into secondary or tertiary branches in the same year and blossom. The lateral buds of the latter are relatively small, mostly spherical or oval, grow slowly and usually do not blossom until the second year. The tissue structure of these two types of tubers is soft and nearly spongy, especially the latter. The connection between their lateral buds (or lateral branches) and the main stem is fragile, and it is easy to separate from the main stem, especially after.

Of. Because the tubers (rhizomes) of these two varieties are soft and easy to lose water and dry up, the separated lateral buds should not be closed in cartons or plastic bags for a long time, so they are also easy to deteriorate and rot, so when they are transported over a long distance, special attention should be paid to the ventilation of the packaging.

Regardless of the type of variety, all isolated propagules should be graded. Generally speaking, the cut-off main stem and large primary lateral buds can be used for cultivation or sale, and the smaller lateral buds can be planted and managed at different levels and cultivated into large seedlings. A large number of plants are planted in different areas in the field to avoid confusion, while those with a small number can be cultivated separately in the basin.

It is generally possible to divide seedlings for 2 or 3 times during the annual growth period. It varies with the conditions of different regions. For example, in Qingdao area, the seedlings should be divided twice in a year, otherwise the growth will be too dense and affect the flowering and landscape.

See figure 2-3, 2-4, 2-5, 2-6, morphology and lateral bud growth of three different kinds of tubers.

(2) Leaf viviparous reproduction

Among the tropical water lilies that bloom during the day, many varieties have the characteristic of leaf viviparous, and they grow plantlets on the front (leaf nose) where the petiole leaves are connected. At the beginning of each new leaf, hairy protuberances can be clearly seen at the leaf nose. with the growth of the leaves, irregular pointed protuberances appear under the hairs, and the seedlings grow gradually, first growing young leaves and then growing roots. The seedlings get nutrition from the leaves of the mother plant, and after the leaves are old and yellow, the seedlings are connected with the mother plant by petioles. The old petioles not only fix the seedlings, but also get nutrition from the mother plant like the umbilical cord of a baby. After the petiole rotted, the seedlings drifted away from the mother plant and continued to grow. Under suitable conditions, the seedlings would grow into big seedlings. Each mother plant can produce 3040 new plants in the annual growth period, and the natural fecundity is quite strong. Under the condition of artificial propagation, when the leaves were senescent and nearly completely rotten, the seedlings were collected and planted in the basin. The seedlings can be produced from May to July, and the new plantlets will blossom from September to October. There are a few varieties, the early leaves do not produce seedlings, only the leaves in the middle and later stages grow seedlings. Such as Nymphaea'August Koch'. At present, there are 19 varieties that can be viviparous and propagated in the world, and 12 have been introduced in the world. There is only one species of water lily in the world that can be viviparous, that is, Nymphaea micrantha Guillemin&Perrottet. Native to the west coast of Africa. At present, there are more than 20 varieties bred by artificial hybridization in the world, mainly in the United States. They are:

N.'August Koch',N.'Bagdad,N.Blue Bird',N.'Charles Thomas',N.'Daubeniana',N.'Edward D. Ubervilles. Isabelle Pring',N.'Margaret Mary',N.'Mrs.Martin' E. Randigree pr. N. Uberium Pacific',N.'Patricia',N.'Paul Stetson',N.'Peach Blow',N.'Pink Platter' N.'Royal Purple',N.'Tina,N.Ganna Walska'.

See Fig. 2-16 of the whole plant for viviparous seedlings.

(3) Propagation of corm meristem

The meristem propagation of corm is mainly manifested in tropical water lilies. The growth pattern of tropical water lilies is completely different from that of hardy water lilies. The tubers of the former are pineapple-shaped and grow upright upward. The latter is rhizomatous tuber and grows horizontally. Tropical water lilies that bloom at night, such as Indian red water lilies (Nymphaea rubra), Egyptian white water lilies (Nymphaea lotus), and some daytime flowering tropical water lilies, such as Nymphaea colorata,Nymphaea'Albert Greeburg' and Nymphaea'Blue Sky', produce several new bulbs of different shapes and sizes at the base of old bulbs by late summer and early autumn (Fig. 6-3). When the plants are moved indoors to survive the winter in late autumn and early winter, their leaf clusters will all die in the severe winter, the old bulbs of tropical water lilies will rot at night, and new plants will grow from the basal bulbs the following year (Fig. 6-4). On the other hand, the tropical water lilies that bloom during the day, although the leaves are dead, the old bulbs can survive the winter, and new seedlings will grow out of both the old and new bulbs in the following spring. According to records, in late summer and early autumn, moving the plant into a jar or pot container or giving the condition of water shortage at intervals can promote the growth of more bulbs. In Wuhan area, during the overwintering period of flowering tropical water lilies at night, the small bulbs left in the field can survive the winter safely, and new seedlings will grow in the following spring.

(4) Propagation of corm seedlings

Among the tropical water lilies that bloom during the day, some species and cultivated varieties, such as Nymphaea india and Nymphaea'Ganna Warlska', will grow dozens of clustered seedlings in the bud growth zone in spring after overwintering. As there are many seedlings growing into clusters, it is difficult to separate the seedlings in the early stage, so it is necessary to plant and cultivate the whole bulb alone in a jar or pot, and carefully separate the seedlings after the seedlings grow up.

(5) split propagation of stolon seedlings

In the tropical water lilies that bloom at night, some species (such as Nymphaea rubra) produce small horizontal rhizomes from the side of the old bulbs during the vigorous growing season in summer, and a new seedling grows at the end of these stolons, often forming a group around the mother plant, so that some people mistakenly think that these seedlings are seedlings grown from scattered seeds, but Nymphaea rubra has few mature fruits and seeds. The seedlings grown from these stolons can be separated and transplanted and can also blossom in the same year.

Four. Mexican yellow water lily breeding type

The reproductive form of Mexican yellow water lily (Nymphaea mexicana) is very special in the genus Nymphaea. It not only has a strong ability of sexual reproduction, but also has a strong ability of asexual reproduction. Its seeds are the largest among the seeds of the genus Nymphaea. Not only the knot strength is strong, but also the germination rate is high. In the artificial cross breeding of water lilies, this species is an important species that provides yellow genes and is often used as a hybrid parent.

Mexican yellow water lilies have two forms of asexual reproduction. the first is propagated through underground stolons. This species is the only species of the genus Nymphaea with underground stalks, and it has a spongy, soft and sturdy body.

Underground stem, in the growing season, each node of the stem grows a new plant, and each new plant can continue to divide and form multi-stage branches, which can form a large population in a short time. The second way is to grow another underground rhizome on the stem node of each plant's bulb or underground stolon and a dormant latent bud at the end of each rhizome. Each bud is composed of several pairs of symmetrical vegetative bodies, which are short rod-shaped, rich in starch and very solid, and there are latent dormant buds between each pair of vegetations. After the rhizome between the bud and the mother plant corms rot, each latent bud can remain in the soil for many years, and non-disposable seedlings sprout every year, which is difficult to remove.

Because the Mexican yellow water lily has three kinds of strong reproductive ability at the same time, they proliferate rapidly, have a strong invading force, and become a strong species. In the pool of mixed planting of many varieties, if it is not isolated, it can quickly become the dominant species, and other varieties will be squeezed out and eliminated. Special attention should be paid to the introduction and cultivation of traditional Chinese medicine to avoid public nuisance.

Five. a special mode of reproduction of plants produced from flowers

Some water lilies can produce plants from flowers, which is a special way of propagation of water lilies. The species and varieties that often produce plants from flowers are: tropical water lilies Nymphaea lotus (Egyptian white water lilies) that bloom at night. Among the cold-tolerant water lilies, the varieties that often produce plants from flowers are: Nymphaea' Colone A.J. WelckpowerNymphaea 'Cherokee',Nymphaea' Perry's Pink Delight',Nymphaea'Texas Dawn'. In recent years, the phenomenon of growing seedlings in flowers frequently occurs in N.'Texas Dawn' in the world of Chinese water lilies, usually with a single flower and a single seedling, that is, a bud and a plantlet grow in one flower (Fig. 6-5), some with two flowers and pedicels and a plantlet between two flowers (Fig. 6-6), and some with three flowers and pedicels, and a plantlet in the middle (Fig. 6-7). The small plant type variety 'Little Baby' bred in the world of Chinese water lilies has flowers with four flowers, five flowers and eight flowers with stalks, and there are several seedlings in the middle. After the flowers have rotted, these seedlings rely on their pedicels to contact their mother plants and get nutrition.

The seedlings grown from the flowers were planted separately, there was no external morphological variation, the growth and development was normal, and there was no difference from the original variety.

Fan Wensan: propagation and cultivation management of water lilies

Summer is the season when water lilies are in full bloom, with large and beautiful flowers, good flowers and leaves, and fragrance, so it is a good aquatic ornamental plant.

The reproduction of water lilies mainly adopts the method of dividing plants. The cold-tolerant species are usually carried out 3-4 months before germination in early spring, and the cold-tolerant species have high requirements for air temperature and water temperature, so they can not be carried out until around the middle of May. When ramet, first dig out the rhizome, select the rhizome with full new buds, cut it into 8cm to 10cm long, each segment with at least one bud, and then plant. The terminal bud is buried upward in the topsoil, and the covering depth is that the bud eye of the plant is flat with the soil surface, with 5-7 segments per pot. After planting, a little sun can be injected into shallow water to maintain the water temperature, but irrigation should not be too deep, otherwise it will affect sprouting and deepen the water level when the temperature rises and new buds sprout. Placed in a well-ventilated, sunny place for maintenance, the cultivation water depth is 20 to 40 centimeters, the summer water level can be deeper, and attention should be paid to keeping the basin water clean in the hot season. In a small number of potted plants, the water lilies that have been planted for 2-5 years can be poured out of the pot, cut into 2-4 pieces, and then planted in the pot.

Water lilies can also be sowed and propagated, that is, they are transferred to water after blooming, and before the fruit is ripe, the flowers are wrapped in gauze bags so that the seeds fall into the bag after the fruit is broken. After harvesting, the seeds must still be stored in water, such as dry storage will lose the ability to germinate. Sowing in March to April, the basin soil with fertile clay loam, the full soil should not be too full, 5 cm away from the basin mouth, 1 cm after sowing seeds, compacted and immersed in water, the water surface is 3 cm 4 cm higher than the basin soil, cover the basin soil with glass and put it in a warm place in the sun to increase the temperature in the basin. The suitable sowing temperature is 25: 30 ℃. After about half a month, it can blossom in the second year.

Water lilies can be planted directly in the pond, or potted or planted in baskets and other containers, and then put into the water body. The planting depth is required to be level with the soil surface and should not be buried deeply. General cultivation water depth of 20-40 cm, summer water level can be deeper, but avoid water flow fast. If the pond water is too deep, you can build a planting table in the water or put it into the pool after putting it on the basin. It should be planted in a ventilated and sunny place, otherwise it is easy to produce water moss, so that the growth of water lilies is weak and does not bloom. The distance between plants in the pool is 65 cm and 80 cm, and the pot needs a large pot with a diameter of more than 23 cm and 27 cm. The basin soil should choose the river mud or rice field mud rich in humus, dry and smash the basin soil first, put cake fertilizer and bone powder into the basin bottom as base fertilizer, or mix the rotten fertilizer into the basin soil. After planting into the rhizome, the water surface can only be slightly higher than the soil surface at first, and the depth of the water can be improved only when the petiole continues to elongate. Keep the water depth of 40 centimeters during the growing period, and the final depth of the water is no more than 1 meter. Before sinking into the water in early spring, cake fertilizer or fish fertilizer should be applied and topdressing every 30 to 40 days. The method of fertilization is usually as follows: first, the fertilizer and soil are mixed at 1:1 to form a mud block, and then the mud containing soybean cake fertilizer is evenly put into the water lily pond or basin, and the residual leaves and flowers are often cut off during the growth period.

The underground stems of water lilies must winter in the mud. The water level should be deepened to more than 1 meter in winter to prevent the underground stem from freezing. If the water is shallow and easy to freeze, the rhizome should be dug out, and the potted plant can be taken out of the pot and put indoors for the winter. The overwintering room temperature of cold-tolerant species should be above 3 ℃, and that of non-cold-tolerant species should be above 15 ℃. Very cold-tolerant species can also survive the winter indoors. After the water lily is planted, it can be dug up and planted again after 2 ~ 3 years, and there is no need to dig out and plant it year after year.

Fan Wensi: breeding methods of water lilies

Author: Yu Cheng

Flowers, issue 07, 2008

Water lilies, also known as meridian lilies, are perennial aquatic plants. Its leaves are dark green and the flowers are colorful. Its cold resistance is strong, and the northern region can survive safely in winter only by paying attention to anti-freezing. The flowers are red, pink, white, yellow and blue, bright and beautiful, and the flowers are large and fragrant. It is a good aquatic ornamental plant. Water lilies are propagated by sowing and dividing plants.

First, sowing and reproduction

Before the fruit of the water lily is ripe, wrap the flowers in a gauze bag so that when the fruit is broken, the seeds fall into the bag and will not be scattered on the ground. After harvesting, the seeds must still be stored in water. If stored dry, they will lose their ability to germinate. Sowing should be carried out from March to April, the basin soil with fertile clayey soil, but the full soil should not be too full, it is appropriate to be 5cm away from the basin mouth, it is appropriate to cover the soil 1 cm after inserting seeds, and the water surface is about 3 cm higher than the basin soil by water injection. Cover the basin with glass or plastic sheet and place it in a sunny warm place to increase the soil temperature in the basin. After about half a month, it can sprout and sprout. After a year of cultivation, it can not blossom until the next year.

2. Separate plant propagation

It is usually carried out from March to April before spring germination, not too late. Some cold-resistant varieties require higher temperature and can not be sown until May. Can first dig out the rhizome, select the rhizome with full new buds, cut it into 8cm to 10cm long, each section with at least one bud, and then plant. When planting, the terminal bud is buried upward in the soil, and the covering depth is that the bud eye of the plant is flat with the mud surface, 5-7 segments per pot, 3 segments can be planted in a small pot, and the distance is basically equal. After planting, after a little sunshine, you can inject shallow water to maintain the water temperature, but irrigation should not be too deep, otherwise it will affect sprouting. After the temperature rises, add clear water step by step to deepen the water level. After the maintenance of ventilation and shade, gradually strengthen the light, carry out photosynthesis. Pay attention to keep the basin water clean during the high temperature season. Once you find that the basin water turns green or turbid and smells, you should change the water immediately.

In a small amount of cultivation, the water lilies that have been planted for 2-4 years can be poured out of the pot, cut into 2-4 pieces, and then planted in the pot for maintenance.

Contact: 020 phone number: 4744

Fan Wenwu: the breeding method of andrographis paniculata

Author: Wu Xiangming

Rural New News No. 24, 2003

(1) sowing and raising seedlings

① seed collection and seed treatment: from September to November every year, when the fruit of andrographis paniculata changed from cyan to yellow and partly to purple, the seeds were ripe and should be harvested in stages and batches. The recovered fruit is spread out and dried in the sun. After the fruit is cracked, the seeds are collected, the shells and impurities are removed, put into a cloth bag and stored in a cool and dry place. In order to make the seeds emerge neatly, before sowing, 1 part of the seed was mixed with several times of river sand and rubbed, the scraped seed coat lost its glossiness, then the seeds were washed out and soaked in 45 ℃ warm water for 24 hours to facilitate germination.

② sowing: it is usually possible to sow seeds when the temperature rises to 25 ℃ each year in April (cold regions can be delayed to May). 1 seed was mixed with 3 parts of plant ash or fine soil, then sprinkled evenly on the border surface, then covered with fine soil, with no seed for the degree, after sowing, covered with grass to keep warm. The amount of seed used is 60.7 kg per mu.

③ seedbed management: after sowing, the shed is often watered to keep the border surface moist, and the seedlings can be produced in 10 to 15 days. After emergence, gradually remove the cover of the seedling bed, and then strengthen the management, diligent ploughing, weeding and irrigation. When the seedlings grow 2 true leaves, apply thin human and animal dung water once to promote the growth of the seedlings. After about 60 days, the seedlings can be planted out of the nursery when the seedlings are 10 cm high and have 5-6 true leaves.

(2) Live broadcast

In the southern producing areas, direct seeding is often used because the temperature picks up early. From April to May, the holes were opened according to the row spacing of 30 cm and the plant spacing of 20 cm to 25 cm, and then the seeds were mixed with plant ash and sown into the hole to cover a thin layer of fine soil. Cover the grass on the bed to moisturize, seedling can emerge in 7-10 days, remove the grass on the border. The amount of seed used is 250,300 grams per mu.

Contact: 027Mutual 86791957

Fan Wenliu: propagation and cultivation management of water lilies

Longyuan periodical Network

Propagation and cultivation management of water lilies

Author: Xu Chengwen

Source: "Flower and Tree Bonsai Flower Horticulture" 2007 No. 07

Water lilies, also known as meridian lilies, belong to perennial aquatic plants of the family Nymphaeaceae. Its leaves are dark green and the flowers are bright, so it is a kind of water surface greening plant with great ornamental value. Its cold resistance is strong, and with a little protection in Northeast China, it will be safe to survive the winter. Its underground rhizome is horizontal or erect for tubers, short and thick. Leaves tufted, floating on the water, thick and glossy, round or oval, dark green adaxially and dark purple or purplish red on the back. Flowers and colors are bright and beautiful because of different varieties, such as white, pink, red, yellow, purple and so on. Summer is the season when water lilies are in full bloom. they have large and beautiful flowers and leaves and fragrance. They are a good aquatic ornamental plant. Families can plant water lilies if there is enough space in the balcony or courtyard. Based on years of experience, the author briefly talks about how to breed and cultivate water lilies.

The reproduction of water lilies mainly adopts the method of dividing plants. Cold-tolerant species are usually carried out from March to April before germination in early spring, and cold-tolerant species have high requirements for air temperature and water temperature, so they can not be carried out until around the middle of May. When ramet, first dig out the rhizome, select the rhizome with full new buds, cut into 8cm~10cm length, each segment with at least one bud, and then plant. When planting, the terminal bud is buried upward in the pond mud, and the depth of the mud cover is that the bud eye of the plant is flat with the mud surface, 5 ~ 7 segments per pot. After planting, a little sun can be injected into shallow water to maintain the water temperature, but irrigation should not be too deep, otherwise it will affect sprouting and deepen the water level when the temperature rises and new buds sprout. Place in a well-ventilated, sunny place for maintenance, the cultivation water depth 20cm~40cm, the summer water level can be deeper, high temperature season should pay attention to keep the basin water clean. In a small number of potted plants, the water lilies that have been planted for 2 ~ 5 years can be poured out of the pot, cut into 2 ~ 4 pieces, and then planted in the pot.

Water lilies can also be sowed and propagated. Before the fruit is ripe, the flowers are wrapped in a gauze bag so that the seeds fall into the bag after the fruit is broken. After harvesting, the seeds must still be stored in water, such as dry storage will lose the ability to germinate. Sowing should be carried out from March to April, the basin soil should not be too full with fertile clayey soil, it is appropriate to leave the basin mouth 5cm~6cm, sow the seeds with mud 1cm, press and soak into the water, the water surface is higher than the basin mud 3cm~4cm, cover the basin with glass, put it in the sunny warm place, in order to increase the temperature in the basin. The suitable sowing temperature is 25 ℃ ~ 30 ℃, which can germinate in about half a month and blossom in the second year.

Water lilies can be planted directly in the pond, can also be potted or planted in baskets and other containers, and then put into the water, family pots should be large, small pots are not conducive to the growth and flowering of water lilies. The planting depth is required to be level with the mud surface and should not be buried deeply. General cultivation water depth 20cm~40cm, summer water level can be deeper, but avoid water flow fast. If the pond water is too deep, you can build a planting table in the water or put it into the pool after putting it on the basin. It should be planted in a ventilated and sunny place, otherwise it is easy to produce water moss, so that the growth of water lilies is weak and does not bloom. The distance between plants in the pond is 65cm~80cm, and the pot needs a large pot with a diameter of more than 23cm~27cm. The basin soil should choose the river mud or rice field mud rich in humus, dry and smash the basin soil first, put cake fertilizer and bone powder into the basin bottom as base fertilizer, or mix the rotten fertilizer into the basin soil. After planting into the rhizome, the water surface can only be slightly higher than the soil surface at first, and the depth of the water can be improved only when the petiole continues to elongate. Keep the water depth of 40cm during the growing period, and the final water depth is no more than 1 meter. Before sinking into the water in early spring, cake fertilizer should be applied and topdressing every 30 to 40 days. The method of fertilization is usually as follows: first, the fertilizer and soil are mixed at 1:1 to form a mud block, and then the mud containing soybean cake fertilizer is evenly put into the water lily pond or basin, and the residual leaves and flowers are often cut off during the growth period. Longyuan periodical Network

Propagation and cultivation management of water lilies

Author: Xu Chengwen

Source: "Flower and Tree Bonsai Flower Horticulture" 2007 No. 07

Water lilies, also known as meridian lilies, belong to perennial aquatic plants of the family Nymphaeaceae. Its leaves are dark green and the flowers are bright, so it is a kind of water surface greening plant with great ornamental value. Its cold resistance is strong, and with a little protection in Northeast China, it will be safe to survive the winter. Its underground rhizome is horizontal or erect for tubers, short and thick. Leaves tufted, floating on the water, thick and glossy, round or oval, dark green adaxially and dark purple or purplish red on the back. Flowers and colors are bright and beautiful because of different varieties, such as white, pink, red, yellow, purple and so on. Summer is the season when water lilies are in full bloom. they have large and beautiful flowers and leaves and fragrance. They are a good aquatic ornamental plant. Families can plant water lilies if there is enough space in the balcony or courtyard. Based on years of experience, the author briefly talks about how to breed and cultivate water lilies.

The reproduction of water lilies mainly adopts the method of dividing plants. Cold-tolerant species are usually carried out from March to April before germination in early spring, and cold-tolerant species have high requirements for air temperature and water temperature, so they can not be carried out until around the middle of May. When ramet, first dig out the rhizome, select the rhizome with full new buds, cut into 8cm~10cm length, each segment with at least one bud, and then plant. When planting, the terminal bud is buried upward in the pond mud, and the depth of the mud cover is that the bud eye of the plant is flat with the mud surface, 5 ~ 7 segments per pot. After planting, a little sun can be injected into shallow water to maintain the water temperature, but irrigation should not be too deep, otherwise it will affect sprouting and deepen the water level when the temperature rises and new buds sprout. Place in a well-ventilated, sunny place for maintenance, the cultivation water depth 20cm~40cm, the summer water level can be deeper, high temperature season should pay attention to keep the basin water clean. In a small number of potted plants, the water lilies that have been planted for 2 ~ 5 years can be poured out of the pot, cut into 2 ~ 4 pieces, and then planted in the pot.

Water lilies can also be sowed and propagated. Before the fruit is ripe, the flowers are wrapped in a gauze bag so that the seeds fall into the bag after the fruit is broken. After harvesting, the seeds must still be stored in water, such as dry storage will lose the ability to germinate. Sowing should be carried out from March to April, the basin soil should not be too full with fertile clayey soil, it is appropriate to leave the basin mouth 5cm~6cm, sow the seeds with mud 1cm, press and soak into the water, the water surface is higher than the basin mud 3cm~4cm, cover the basin with glass, put it in the sunny warm place, in order to increase the temperature in the basin. The suitable sowing temperature is 25 ℃ ~ 30 ℃, which can germinate in about half a month and blossom in the second year.

Water lilies can be planted directly in the pond, can also be potted or planted in baskets and other containers, and then put into the water, family pots should be large, small pots are not conducive to the growth and flowering of water lilies. The planting depth is required to be level with the mud surface and should not be buried deeply. General cultivation water depth 20cm~40cm, summer water level can be deeper, but avoid water flow fast. If the pond water is too deep, you can build a planting table in the water or put it into the pool after putting it on the basin. It should be planted in a ventilated and sunny place, otherwise it is easy to produce water moss, so that the growth of water lilies is weak and does not bloom. The distance between plants in the pond is 65cm~80cm, and the pot needs a large pot with a diameter of more than 23cm~27cm. The basin soil should choose the river mud or rice field mud rich in humus, dry and smash the basin soil first, put cake fertilizer and bone powder into the basin bottom as base fertilizer, or mix the rotten fertilizer into the basin soil. After planting into the rhizome, the water surface can only be slightly higher than the soil surface at first, and the depth of the water can be improved only when the petiole continues to elongate. Keep the water depth of 40cm during the growing period, and the final water depth is no more than 1 meter. Before sinking into the water in early spring, cake fertilizer should be applied and topdressing every 30 to 40 days. The method of fertilization is usually as follows: first, the fertilizer and soil are mixed at 1:1 to form a mud block, and then the mud containing soybean cake fertilizer is evenly put into the water lily pond or basin, and the residual leaves and flowers are often cut off during the growth period.

Fan Wenqi: crape myrtle and bowl lotus sowing and breeding

Key points of sowing and reproduction of crape myrtle (

0026-070-10649:

)

Seed propagation is the Francis method to obtain the most young scriptures of magnolia in large quantities, but if you want to sow, the success of seed growth must be good.

The main results are as follows: 1. when the seeds are collected from January 1 to mid-October, the visual fruit becomes yellow and dark and a few yellow fruit shells are split and slightly opened. Yinwei purple seed is very small harvest, early dry after the seed is shrunken; harvest shell mostly crack late full, grain drop harvest, only mature half seed. In order to hold the room, when the accurate fruit color to see the timely harvest, is the key seed harvest after drying, even. Put the pedicle with a shell in the middle of the air permeation device and hang it in the wind. Pass

Eryu and Miao made the bed from late March to April, spread the sand bottom with the river to 10cm thick, and then scrape the bamboo board. Soak the subbelt shell in warm water for 1 day before sowing. The water will be filtered and evenly spread on the bed base. 4 meters per square meter is suitable for re-sowing. 2% thick dry sand, with bamboo board rice flat, scraped and watered thoroughly, the upper cover film is thin. Warm meaning can not exceed 4 ℃ 0, sunny noon to uncover the sky film to reduce gas, temperature on the night to cover the menstruation, often keep moist.

three

Transplanting and transplanting should apply sufficient ground material, and the families of rotten and mature farmers should add a little cake fertilizer to achieve good soil uniformity and fine seedling transfer. Light, slightly earthy, not root injury plant spacing. 01%, the rice line is 1 cm away from 5 cm, then the soil will be pressed. Practical, kettle spray water. Wait for the ground surface to sprinkle and suck and then check the water plants one by one. For the first half of the month, it is appropriate to cover the shade and stop exposure. After keeping to moisten, pay attention to dehumidification, grass seedlings root tender, not too early, especially do not apply too much fertilizer, urine. Only in the category of intensive care, most of them can bloom in early autumn. In

Crape myrtle

Be careful when you plant and breed. Because the seed is small, the feather is early planted at the degree of temperature, and the wetting time is low and easy to rot; if the seed is planted high late, it is not easy to transplant at a high temperature, and it is not easy to grow deep. Pass

When propagating in lotus bowls, it is usually used to collect seeds, sow and divide lotus roots. Reproduction and reproduction is also called sexual reproduction, and lotus root reproduction is also called non-nutritious reproduction or sexual reproduction. Colonization

1. Broadcast

Breeding and breeding

The planting of the lotus bowl is mainly based on the cultivation of solid plants or the selection of pure cultivation. The new and fertile variety lines are formed through the generation self-crossing of the existing varieties, pure or, cross self-crossing, directional selection and breeding into stable varieties with stable characters, and then the isolated region is separated from the homozygous quantum species.

. Lotus sowing bowl can enter the breeding line from March to July, and the best 4 in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River can be sowed below ten days of the month. Put the soaking pot seed directly in the sun to promote, the bud does not need to keep warm, and grow fast. When it is warm and healthy, if you take it for granted, it will blossom in the same year. But lotus sowing and breeding bowl has steps like a sudden drop:

(1) broken shell

The skin of the treated lotus seed has a special structure of fruit and thick firm. when the seed is mature, it is dried and shrank, and then the aquatic and air is not easy to enter into the air, the breathing is very slow, and it is slowly dormant. It is believed that the lotus can be buried in the soil for hundreds or even thousands of years without cuteness and decay, which is the reason for the longevity of the lotus. In order to make the lotus seed sow after planting to absorb water and separate oxygen, break the forced sleep state, enter the germination and grow, before giving birth to seed, the bud must break the shell treatment, just break the shell, it should first solve the basic knot constitutive structure of the lotus seed.

Lotus

The outside of the son

The layer is the fruit, which is formed by the breeding of the ovary after the seminiferous skin, and the main component fiber is vitamin at the height. The qualitative angle of the skin has stomata on the surface, and the stomatal chamber is straight to the deep skin. The fruit has fence-like cells in the leather goods, which are arranged in thin rows and dense, and the tight structure is very good for the protection of the subspecies. Pericarp as a green primary color, leather, after aging to ripe black, brown gradually become hard.

Seeds are hidden in the endothecium of the fruit. It is derived from the development of ovules after fertilization and is composed of two parts: skin and embryo. There is this milk in the early stage after spermatogenesis, which is absorbed and lost by the embryo in the post-embryo stage, so the lotus is an embryo without milk seed embryo. It is composed of buds, radicles, embryos and rachis leaves. The two leaves are white, fat, opposite, and rich in egg white and flour, which are used for food. The germ color separation green, a short axis bud stem), two (the young leaves of each other and one top), the petiole of the two young leaves of the bud to fold and the embryonic form of the tubular leaf can be recognized. Hypocotyl is the place where the bud base of the embryo connects with the two segments of the embryo. The root is broken at the end of the sunken Hypocotyl in the two cotyledons. The embryo is extremely unknown, the root is obvious, and the meat is invisible, but the seed sprouts in the hair, the radicle is born, and the broken seed coat and hard peel are exposed.

Lotus anatropsia is an ovule embryo, born at the top of the seed, when the seed is broken, the shell should break the base of the seed, and the seed is born on the receptacle, which is the concave end of the lotus seed. The easiest way to break a shell is to grind the stone with water on the mud surface or rough ground, or you can use Lifeng's new tiger clamp to break the seed base. Before sowing, one should be ground to break the skin (that is, the hard shell of the lotus fruit), and the seed should be clipped until you see the brown seed skin; when the shell should be sandwiched at the base of the ~ 3m2 crack, do not clip too deep, so as not to hurt the embryo. After seed soaking, wait for the embryo to absorb water and expand the pericarp, and the water can be used when the absorption becomes soft. Peel the pericarp 1 shell 3 times along the broken part of the hand, so that outside the embryo, the embryo can be exposed and the bud will grow.

Must be willing to break, the shell can not be too large, if many lotus seeds to all the shell hard, the embryo will lose the bud will go out of insurance, the protection is easy to rot.

(2) the seeds with broken shell were soaked in the left and right of 05 ℃. Soak seeds in clear water, no greasy, dirty, do not use 5 to 0 ℃ water, otherwise, the shadow will sound. The temperature of water bud decreased naturally, and the most self-keeping was at the last 0 ℃ 3 on the right, and the left side should be 40 ℃ higher or lower than 0 ℃ 2. If the temperature is higher than the water at 04:00 ℃, the seed develops rapidly in the first sprouting day, and then it is suppressed by longevity; when the water temperature is lower than 20 ℃, the seed sprouts too long and too slow. When the family slowly soaks less seeds to urge the amount, it can sprout into the thermos flask to keep warm. Temperature 3 is 0 pieces of ℃, the following one can sprout in 3 days, and the germ will emerge from the mouth.

During this period, water needs to be changed for 1 ~ 3 times a day, and the buds that can not be removed should be cleared in time. In such a situation, the seeds that do not sprout up to the next 7 days will not be sent again. The seed of the bud does not have the ability to float upward, the germ is yellow, the cotyledon is rotten, and the mildew stinks.

3 (3) after raising seedlings in water, the seedlings should be raised in left water for 5 days under the condition of 5 ℃ 2 right. (7) during the period of raising seedlings with water, the absorption of root seedlings at lotus stage is weak, and the growth ability mainly depends on the seed to provide nutrient embryos, so it does not need a fertilizer. In the process of cultivating water seedlings, 10 meters deep in the water layer should be kept to the left and right, and enough light should be given.

Should not be changed or turned over, the moving leaf is often overgrown due to the change of its growth direction; the extended petiole should hold the leaf in the water, and the piece should spread out from the water to the surface. When transplanting, you should be careful not to break the leaf and fold the handle so as not to sound the shadow. After planting, Changbao 3 holds 5% water layer, but thousands of meters can not be flooded by leaves. The lotus bowl is fond of light and flowers, and the bowl should be placed in the sun with enough light. The seedlings are delicate, the sunny ones will wither when they are young, and they will sprout when they are young. Live water should not be watered too much, but the warm water should be increased to promote growth and wait. After growing ~ 713 floating leaves, the standing leaves can appear. Come on, multi-flower products say, bud flowers appear after growing 5 ~ 7 leaves and 1 leaf. Budding early, depending on the variety but late, there are different varieties in the standing leaves before the bud blossoms.

Fan Wenba: Lotus breeding technique

Lotus propagation technique

Lotus flower is aliased as lotus, hibiscus, Ganoderma lucidum, Ze Zhi, Shuihua, Shuidan, Shuidan, grass hibiscus, water hibiscus, Yuhuan, June spring, Chinese lotus, June flower god, lotus root, Lingcao, Yuzhi and so on. Nelumbo nucifera. Lotus is native to China, from Vietnam to Afghanistan, generally distributed in Central Asia, West Asia, North America, India, China, Japan and other subtropical and temperate regions. It was cultivated in China as early as three thousand years ago. Lotus is a perennial aquatic plant. The rhizome (lotus root) is fleshy and jointed, growing horizontally in the bottom mud. The leaves are peltate-shaped, dark green on the surface, covered with waxy powder, gray-green on the back, entire and wavy. Petiole Terete, densely barbed. The flower is solitary on the top of the pedicel and on the surface of the pedicel, with single, double, double and double flower patterns; the flower color changes in white, pink, crimson, lavender or intermediate color; the stamens are numerous; the pistil is free and buried in the inverted conical spongy receptacle, and there are many scattered honeycomb holes on the surface of the receptacle, which are gradually enlarged as lotus pods after fertilization, and each hole gives birth to a nutlet (lotus seed). The florescence is from June to September and opens and closes every morning. The ripening period is from September to October. There are many varieties of lotus, which can be divided into three systems: Lotus lotus, Zilian and Hualien according to their different uses.

The whole plant of lotus is valuable. It has not only ornamental value, but also edible and medicinal value.

[Lotus propagation technology]

1. Ramet propagation. Ramet propagation is the main propagation method of water lilies. From March to April every spring, when the buds are just sprouting, dig up the roots and use a sharp knife.

Divide it into several pieces. Make sure that there are more than two full bud holes on the rhizome and plant them into the river mud in the pond or tank.

2. Sow and reproduce. The full black oval seeds are sealed and stored in clean water until they are taken out before sowing in the following spring. Soak in 25 ℃ to 30 ℃ water to accelerate germination, change water every day, and germinate after two weeks. When the seedlings grow to 3 to 4 cm, they can be planted in the pond to ensure sufficient water depth.

[Lotus cultivation management]

1. Potted plants. Every year before and after the Spring Equinox, put rotten bean cake or bone powder, hoof and other fertilizer at the bottom of the flowerpot, and put more than 30 centimeters of fertile river mud on top. Then plant the root with bud holes into the river mud, cover the soil without the top bud, and then add water to the basin or tank. Change the water in time in the hot season so as not to affect its appearance due to the production of algae.

2. Planted in the pond. Clean the water in early spring, apply basic fertilizer, add new pond mud, and pour in enough water for planting. If the irrigation depth is more than 1.1 meters in winter, the rhizome can survive the winter safely.

Fan Wenjiu: in vitro Rapid Propagation and Cuttage Propagation of Saussurea Fruit

Author: Luo Lin Hui

Northern Horticulture No. 21, 2008

Snow lotus fruit (Smaallanthus sonchifolius), alias snow lotus potato, chrysanthemum potato, etc., is a perennial herb of Compositae. It grows on a mountain about 1000m above sea level, its root is edible, its shape is like sweet potato, its flesh is like water pear, juicy, crystal clear, sweet and crisp. The root of Saussurea involucrata contains a lot of water and sugars, mainly fructooligosaccharides, phenolic acids, flavonoids, terpenoids, volatile oils, amino acids, potassium, calcium, zinc, iron, magnesium and other elements, which can clear the liver and detoxification, clear intestines and stomach, detoxify and relieve defecation, beauty and beauty, and have pharmacological effects such as lowering blood sugar, lowering blood lipid, lowering blood pressure, bacteriostasis, promoting the absorption of iron and calcium. Saussurea involucrata is a new type of high-grade medicinal fruit with broad market prospects.

The economic benefit of snow lotus fruit is good, and farmers want to expand their planting scale, but they are often limited by provenances. Snow lotus fruit generally does not bear seeds, but propagates with tubers (tubers shaped like Jerusalem artichoke with purple-red color) in production, and the reproduction coefficient is low. The use of plant tissue culture can greatly improve the propagation speed; the method of cutting propagation is simple and easy to learn, and farmers can propagate their own cuttings to meet the needs of their own planting.

Snow lotus fruit has the characteristics of resistance to strong light, medium and low temperature, avoiding water and drought, and generally grows in areas with an average annual temperature of less than 18 ℃ and a relative humidity of 80% to 85%. The optimum growth temperature is 10-20 ℃, and it is easy to be frozen below 0 ℃. Therefore, it is suitable for planting in warm and cool mountain areas with low latitudes and high elevations and shrouded in clouds all the year round.

1 in vitro rapid propagation of Saussurea involucrata

1.1 preparation of explants

Cut the larger tubers longitudinally into 2-4 pieces, each with several buds (30-40g without cutting). Stick the section with plant ash to prevent decay. Then buried in the moist fine river sand, the incision was facing down, and the plastic bags with 2 or 3 small holes about 2cm in diameter were cut up to keep them moisturized. they were placed in the laboratory to keep the room temperature at 20 ~ 25 ℃, and the buds grew out one after another in about 10 days, and grew into seedlings with 2 leaves and 4 leaves after 3 weeks. At this time, the seedling belt can be cut off as an inoculation material. Do not water about 15 days before sprouting to reduce the pollution rate. Buds can also be taken directly from field plants as explants, but the pollution rate is high.

1.2 cultivation conditions

Primary culture medium: MS; subculture medium: MS+NAA 0.1mg/L. The above medium was supplemented with 07% Agar, 3% sucrose (can be replaced by white sugar), pH 5.8-6.0, culture temperature 20-23 ℃, light time 12-13 h per day, light intensity 2000-25001x.

1.3 growth and differentiation

1.3.1 the acquisition of sterile materials and the growth of buds remove the leaves from the shoots of Saussurea involucrata, leaving the petioles with 1~2mm length to protect the axillary buds, cut the shoots into single stem segments, then wash the stems and buds with detergent, rinse them with clean water and rinse them above 30min under tap water. Soak in 75% ethanol for 30 seconds under sterile conditions, transfer to 0.1% solution to sterilize 5~6min, then shake with sterile water for 4 times, inoculate on the primary culture medium, each bottle with 1 stem segment or 1 bud. On this medium, roots and buds began to grow in 8 ~ 10 days, and grew into seedlings with 4 ~ 5 nodes, 2 ~ 3 roots and 5~7cm height in 35 ~ 50 days.

1.3.2 Propagation culture cut the seedlings cultured on the primary culture medium for 35 days into segments and transferred them to the subculture medium with 4 segments or buds in 1 bottle. After 7 days of inoculation, the roots and buds began to grow, and after 35-50 days, each bud or node grew into a seedling with 4-5 nodes, 2-3 roots and a height of 5~7cm, and the roots were longer and stronger than those in the primary culture. It can be subcultured once every 35-50 days, and the reproduction coefficient is 3-5.

1.3.3 the transplanting of test-tube plantlets was cultured in subculture medium for 30 days, and the seedlings of seedling height 5~7cm were cultured for 3 days for 5 days. The medium was washed with clean water, planted in clean and well-ventilated garden soil, watered thoroughly, and covered with plastic film and sunshade net. After 7 days and 10 days, the survival rate was more than 96%. After 20 days, the plastic film and sunshade net were removed, and the plastic film and sunshade net could be planted in the field after 30 days.

2 Cuttage propagation technique of Saussurea involucrata

2.1 Establishment of ear picking nursery

From the first ten days of March to the middle of May, the larger tubers were longitudinally cut into 4 pieces, and each piece was covered with several buds (30g / 40g uncut). A fresh layer of plant ash was glued on the incision, then the incision was arranged horizontally in the garden soil with deep soil, few miscellaneous bacteria and good ventilation, and discharged according to the spacing of 20cm × 20cm. After the arrangement, cover the seedless tubers with fine soil, water thoroughly, and then cover with plastic film. After 10 days and 20 days, the buds began to grow one after another, and the plastic film was removed at this time. After 40 days and 60 days, when the buds have grown to the height of 10~15cm, the seedlings can be collected for cutting.

2.2 preparation of the slotting machine

The inserting bed is selected in the sunny place with convenient management, and the soil should be clean, loose, permeable and breathable, and the pH value is 5.6-6.8. Before cutting, the land will be ploughed, less fine and leveled to make a border with a length of 5m to 10m and a width of about 1m to be used.

2.3 arrangement of cuttings

From April to June, when the new buds on the tubers grow into 10~15cm-tall branches, leave a node at the base of the sturdy branches and cut them off. Then cut the branches to grow 8~14cm, with 3-4 nodes of the cuttings, remove the lower leaves of the cuttings, be careful not to hurt the stem bark when removing the leaves, retain the top 2 leaflets or a large leaf of the 1 0.5~1cm 3 and the terminal bud, and cut flat near the base of the cuttings.

2.4 Cuttage and Management

The diameter of the seedling bed is similar to that of the cutting stem of Saussurea involucrata, and the hole is pierced according to the row distance of 15cm × 15cm, and the depth of the hole is 1 beat 3 of the length of the cutting branch, and then the lower end of the cuttage is inserted into the hole, and the depth of the cuttage is cut to 1 inch 3 of the length of the cutting branch. After cutting, water was watered with spray pot, and a small arch shed was built, which was covered with sunshade net to reduce the transpiration rate of cuttings and improve its survival rate. After cutting for 8 to 10 days, the cuttings began to take root and survive, and the survival rate was more than 95%. After survival, it is necessary to remove the sunshade net, remove the small arch shed, and carry out weeding, watering and other work according to the condition of the seedbed. After 30 days and 40 days, each plant has 2 to 4 roots, and the root length is more than 2cm. At this time, it can be transplanted into the field with soil. It can also wait for the cuttage to grow to 17~20cm high, leave 1 or 2 nodes at the base of the seedling to cut its upper part for cuttage propagation, and the tissue culture seedlings with high 17~20cm can be transplanted to its upper part for cuttage. The process of cutting propagation can be repeated until the end of June.

Contact: 0451 / 451 / 4276

Author introduction: Luo Linhui Guizhou Zunyi Vocational and Technical College 563006

Fan Wen Shi: the method of asexual Propagation of Lotus Root

Author: Wang Chengye, Tu Wei and Yang Weihong

Shaanxi Science and Technology News, No. 19, 2006

The reproduction mode of developing from underground stem to plant and producing new lotus root is called asexual reproduction of lotus root, also known as vegetative reproduction. It includes whole lotus root propagation, main lotus root propagation, lotus root propagation, lotus root head propagation, lotus root propagation, terminal bud propagation and lotus whip propagation and so on.

First, whole lotus root reproduction, the whole lotus root according to a certain plant, row spacing planted in the field (pond) to develop into a plant and produce new lotus root reproduction, called whole lotus root reproduction. The whole lotus root can survive the winter in the lotus root field and keep a layer of shallow water during the overwintering period to avoid dryness and frost cracking. In the second year, it is dug and planted. Continuous cropping lotus root field can adopt inter-digging to keep seed, that is, when digging lotus root, every 2 to 3 meters, leaving 0.5 to 1 meter undug, in order to breed lotus root next year. It is the most commonly used way of reproduction in production. 

Second, the propagation of the main lotus root is called the reproduction of the main lotus root by using the whole lotus root to remove the seed lotus root and the lotus root after the sun lotus root. It is also a common way of reproduction in production. 

Third, the reproduction of lotus root, the way in which the lotus root is cut off from the whole lotus root and planted separately for reproduction, which is called lotus root reproduction. If the seed lotus root is used as a seed, when the commercial lotus root is harvested at the end of autumn, it can be removed from the whole lotus root and planted in 20 cm deep silt without injury or disease. The water keeps running in winter, and a plastic film is added to the surface of the soil to make it safe to survive the winter. After the beginning of spring, when the temperature rises above 15 ℃, it is dug up and planted.  4. Lotus root head propagation is called lotus root propagation by removing the first bud node of the main lotus root, son lotus root and sun lotus root and planting it in the field (pond).

Fifth, lotus root node propagation will cut off a node of 5cm to 6cm at both ends of each node of the lotus root body, and the way of reproduction in the field of pseudo-planting seedlings is called lotus root node propagation.

6. Terminal bud propagation is the way in which the terminal buds of main lotus root, son lotus root and sun lotus root are cut off from the base and propagated in the planting field, which is called terminal bud propagation. When the outside temperature rises to more than 15 ℃, pseudo-planting can be started. The apical bud was cut and planted on the same day, the plant spacing was 5 cm 10 cm, the row spacing was 10 cm, the terminal bud was slightly above the water surface, and the water depth was maintained at 3 cm to 5 cm. After planting, a bamboo frame can be built outside the seedbed to cover the plastic film to increase the ground temperature and promote germination. It can be planted when the external temperature is stable above 15 ℃. When planting, the leaflets should be let out of the water, and the young lotus whips and adventitious roots should be buried in the mud. The density of planting with one hole and two seedlings is basically the same as that of whole lotus root or main lotus root.

Seventh, lotus whip propagation uses the lotus whip as a seed for reproduction, which is called lotus whip reproduction, also known as Rafu rice seedlings.

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Propagation method of Rabdosia angustifolia

Tongqian grass likes to be warm and humid, it is better to cultivate in half-day sunshine or shade, avoid direct sunlight, cultivation soil with good drainage is better, or cultivate directly with water, the optimum water temperature is 22-28 degrees, shade and humidity tolerance, slightly drought tolerance, strong adaptability, strong nature, easy planting, rapid reproduction, amphibious both on land and water. Let's take a look at the breeding methods of Rabdosia angustifolia.

Propagation method of Rabdosia angustifolia

Rabdosia angustifolia is mainly propagated by split-plant method or cutting method, which is mostly carried out from March to May every year. It is easy to cultivate and keep the cultivated soil moist. It can take root in about 1-2 weeks, and sowing method can also be used to raise seedlings. The mixed matrix composed of rotten leaves, river mud and garden soil can be used to cultivate the soil, and the ratio is 0.5 by volume. Tongqian grass can be resistant to moisture, water type, so it is also suitable for basin, pool cultivation, if the water must be changed once a week and add a special nutrient solution for foliage plants.

Seed propagation of Rabdosia angustifolia

1. Method 1: pour the seeds into a small container, pour water just below the water of the seeds, wrap them with cling film if the temperature is low, change the water frequently, put them in a cool and ventilated place, wait a few days, and then sprout, wait for the buds to grow to about one centimeter.

2. Method 2: soak the seeds with a small amount of water for half an hour, put soil in the basin, pour thoroughly, pour the seeds into the basin together with the water of the soaked seeds, pour them evenly, do not pile them together, cover them with thin soil, spray water, and spray twice a day. The surface can be moist. Put it in a warm place away from the light, it will sprout in about three days, and so the real leaves can be transplanted to hydroponic culture.

Culture method of Rabdosia angustifolia

1. Soil culture of Rabdosia angustifolia: potted Rabdosia angustifolia can be operated after the seedlings are formed, and medium-sized flowerpots without drainage holes are often used as planting containers. In order to obtain better ornamental effect, one seedling can be put in each pot and irrigated at the end of the operation. In order to slow down the seedlings, the colonization operation is best carried out on a cloudy day.

2. Hydroponic culture of Rabdosia angustifolia: the requirement of water quality is not strict, it can be cultivated in fresh water with low hardness, and the salinity should not be too high. The pH of the water body should be controlled between 6.5 and 7.0, that is, from slightly acidic to neutral. It has a large demand for fertilizer, and it can be topdressing every 2-3 weeks in the vigorous growth stage. If planted in pots or containers, a small amount of fertilizer is required, such as quick-acting fertilizer-Huabao No.2, or slow-acting fertilizer-magic fertilizer (which can maintain fertilizer effect in water for a long time).

3. Half-water and half-soil culture method: it is best not to use only water to cultivate coppergrass. The general effect of pure water culture is not very good, and the effect of half-water and half-soil will be better, just like raising sleeping lotus, which is easy to raise. If only water is used, hydroponic nutrient solution should be added and the bottom should be pressed with river sand, ceramsite or pebbles. Codonopsis lanceolata is extremely fond of sunlight when it grows, so it is best to put the basin outside or by the window where there is plenty of light. If cultivated indoors, the daily sun exposure time should not be less than 4: 5 hours.