What about crape myrtle flower worms? control of crape myrtle diseases and insect pests / 3 insect pests and 2 diseases

Crape myrtle is a kind of highly ornamental flower, which is planted in many areas of our country, but in the process of crape myrtle culture, if the method is not right, it is easy to appear diseases and insect pests, which we need to prevent and control. What about the crape myrtle flower worm? How do you control diseases and insect pests of crape myrtle? Next, the editor will take you to learn about it.

First, what about the crape myrtle flower worm?

If you want to know what to do with crape myrtle worms, first of all, we need to understand what diseases and insect pests appear, so that we can deal with them pertinently, because each method of pest prevention and control of crape myrtle is different, and the details are introduced below. Let's move on.

II. Control of diseases and insect pests of crape myrtle

1. Insect pest of APHIS gossypii

Crape myrtle aphid is a unique pest of crape myrtle, which has a high incidence period around June every year, so we must pay attention to it at this time: it mainly harms the leaves of crape myrtle, and it will gradually absorb the juice in the leaves, resulting in insufficient nutrients in the leaves, such as curling, withering and so on.

Control methods: in the prevention and control of this pest, we first need to cut off the curled leaves, and then use 1000 times of fenitrothion EC to spray the plant.

two。 Crape myrtle scale pest

In the prevention and control of crape myrtle diseases and insect pests, crape myrtle scale is a common pest. It is mainly adsorbed on the branches and leaves of crape myrtle, slowly absorbing the juice, resulting in malnutrition and slow growth of crape myrtle. In serious cases, it will also lead to the death of the whole plant.

Control methods: this pest has a high incidence period from August to September every year, which requires special attention at this time. In the control of crape myrtle scale, we can choose to use 25% imidophos emulsion 1000-1500 Fu liquid to evenly spray and control crape myrtle.

3. Yellow diamondback moth pest

Yellow diamondback moth is a pest that occurs in many plants, and crape myrtle is no exception. It mainly feeds on the leaves of crape myrtle and will gradually erode the leaf flesh. If left untreated for a long time, it may cause crape myrtle to become a smooth rod.

Control methods: in the control of yellow diamondback moth pests, we can choose to spray 1000 times of dichlorvos EC, which is usually sprayed once every 5-7 days, and the pest can be basically eliminated after 2-3 times.

4. Powdered powder disease

Powdery mildew is a common disease and pest control of crape myrtle. During the disease, many powder spots will appear on the leaves of crape myrtle, which will gradually spread with the development of time, and finally lead to the phenomenon of plant becoming smaller and shrinking.

Prevention and treatment: this disease is a high incidence period from July to August every year, so we must pay special attention to it at this time. In the prevention and control, we can choose to use 1000 times of methyl topiramate wettable powder to spray the diseased plant as a whole.

5. Coal pollution disease

Coal fouling disease occurs not only in crape myrtle, but also in many other varieties of plants. During the disease, a black mildew layer appears on the leaves of crape myrtle, which affects its appearance and photosynthesis, which leads to the phenomenon that the leaves of crape myrtle fall off in advance.

Prevention and control methods: for coal fouling disease, we can use 1000 times of carbendazim wettable powder to control the disease. Generally, the diseased plant is sprayed once in 7-10 days, and it can be basically cured after 2-3 times.

Control techniques of diseases and insect pests in nursery

The prevention and control of seedling diseases and insect pests is an important link in the seedling raising technology of the nursery. In the process of seedling cultivation, strengthening the prevention and control of seedling diseases and insect pests is beneficial to improve the growth, development and greening effect of seedlings; the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests in the nursery must grasp the policy of "prevention first and comprehensive control", and comprehensive control measures should be taken from the seedling raising technology and nursery management to control the development of diseases and insect pests.

1. Timely check the damage of diseases and insect pests of seedlings in the nursery. 1. When selecting the nursery land, carry out the investigation of diseases and insect pests, pay special attention to the investigation of underground insect pests, dig sample pits along the diagonal or chessboard, and then decide on the prevention and control measures according to the results of the investigation. 2. When checking leaf pests, we should pay attention to whether the seedling leaves are bitten, sieve bottom-shaped pockholes or roll the leaves together, and check whether there are insects or eggs in the nearby soil and rotten haystack. Check leaf diseases, we should pay attention to the shape, color, size of spots, whether there is white powder, black mold and so on. However, attention should be paid to distinguish disease spots from drug damage, fertilizer burns and sunburn. 3. Check whether there are holes in the seedling stem, fresh insect dung, sawdust, tumor, etc., in order to check whether there are stem borer damage. 4. If it is found that the seedling leaves are dry, early falling or curling, and there is no disease or insect on the surface of the dry leaves, the roots should be checked for disease and insect damage. Technical measures for prevention and control of diseases and insect pests in nursery

(1) to strengthen plant quarantine of seedlings in and out of the nursery

The distribution range of some diseases and insect pests is narrow, causing serious damage only in local areas. However, these diseases and insect pests can spread to the new area with the long-distance transportation of seedlings' seeds, cuttings or roots used as breeding materials, logs and other garden products, and expand the scope of their harm. In the process of seedling exchange and transportation, quarantine should be strengthened, diseases and insect pests should be found, transportation should be stopped immediately and measures should be taken to eliminate them. To do a good job of seedling diseases and insect pests quarantine in and out of the nursery, quarantine of seedling producing areas, transportation and quarantine, and prevention and control is one of the main measures for the prevention and control of seedling diseases and insect pests.

(2) adopt scientific prevention and control measures of seedling raising technology. 1. Select the nursery to avoid raising seedlings in the land with heavy viscosity, poor drainage and excessive salinity. It is also noted that the previous and planned seedlings should not have common diseases and insect pests, and different tree species and densities should be selected according to the different site conditions of the nursery.

2. Deep ploughing in autumn and winter can improve soil properties and eliminate diseases and insects that overwinter in the soil.

3. Do a good job in the hygiene of the nursery and remove weeds, fallen leaves, diseases and pests in the nursery in time, and burn them centrally. Timely remove the mulch on the seedbed and improve the sanitary conditions, so as to reduce the population of pathogens and pests. Pay attention to avoid stacking straw or stable manure in the nursery area to prevent diseases and insects from sneaking in.

4. Rotation and adjusting sowing date can restore and improve soil fertility, enhance seedling resistance, and make diseases and insects lose parasitic conditions. Proper adjustment of sowing date can avoid the period of occurrence of a large number of diseases and insects and prevent or reduce the degree of seedling damage. 5. there are differences in resistance to various diseases and insect pests among different tree species and among different varieties of the same tree species. If a variety only has the characteristics of fast growth and high yield, but not resistant to diseases and insect pests, it is difficult to be popularized in production. Strengthen the introduction and breeding of excellent landscaping tree species with strong resistance to diseases and insect pests.

6. Strengthen the tending and management of seedlings (1) rational fertilization: pay attention to the proper cooperation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to avoid excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer. The application of organic fertilizer should be fully mature to avoid attracting germs and pests. (2) keep reasonable seedling density: reasonable seedling density is beneficial to seedling growth and control of disease and insect development.

7. Rational irrigation

Flowers and trees in irrigation, the method of watering, the amount of water and time will affect the occurrence of diseases and insect pests. Sprinkler irrigation and "nourishing" water often aggravate the occurrence of leaf diseases, and it is best to use furrow irrigation, drip irrigation or watering along the edge of the bowl. Watering should be appropriate, too much water often causes hypoxia and asphyxiation of plant roots, poor growth of light plants, and root decay, especially succulent roots and other organs. Watering time is best to choose a sunny morning in order to reduce the humidity on the leaf surface in time.

Through the above measures, the plant growth is robust, the ability of resistance to diseases and insect pests is enhanced, and all kinds of natural enemies such as insects, beneficial microorganisms and birds are obviously increased, thus the control ability of the whole plant system in the nursery to diseases and insect pests is improved.

(3) Biological control

The use of beneficial biological control of diseases and insect pests in the nursery has the advantages of saving energy, low control cost, no pollution to the environment, no harm to natural enemies, promoting the healthy development of ecology, and can exert the control effect for a long time. The main methods used in the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests in nurseries:

1. Microbial preparations are used to control plant pests in the nursery by using bacteria, fungi, viruses or their metabolites that can cause disease. For example, the use of Bacillus thuringiensis emulsion to control Robinia pseudoacacia inchworm and so on; microbial pesticides are mainly Beauveria bassiana, Bacillus thuringiensis, insect virus and so on.

2. Pest control means to protect and use parasitic or predatory natural enemies to control plant pests in nursery. The most commonly used parasitic natural enemies are Trichogramma, swollen-legged wasps, wasps, aphids and longicorn beetles, while the predatory natural enemies are Mongolian ladybugs, discolored ladybugs and so on. In the production of nursery seedlings, attention should be paid to protecting the ecological environment around the nursery so as to create conditions for the reproduction of natural enemies, so as to improve the control effect of various natural enemy insects on pests. 3. To control pests with birds means to protect and use beneficial birds to control plant pests in nursery. The use of artificial nests in nursery trees to attract beneficial birds such as tits, woodpeckers and gray birds can significantly reduce the density of leaf-eating pests and stem-borer pests.

(4) Chemical control

Chemical control is not only a common method for the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests in nursery, but also the main measure to control the occurrence of seedling diseases and insect pests in a large area and eliminate the source of insect pests. On the premise of doing well the prediction and forecast of seedling diseases and insect pests in the nursery, a good control effect can be achieved by using pesticides in a timely manner.

1. Seed disinfection: seed disinfection or chemical seed dressing before sowing, in order to eliminate the germs on the seed surface and prevent the invasion of diseases and pests. 2. Soil disinfection: when nursery seedlings are cultivated in the nursery where diseases or pests have occurred or are likely to occur, soil disinfection should be carried out first. 3. Spraying control: spray prevention should be taken immediately after the occurrence of diseases and insect pests, and comprehensive control should be taken immediately after the occurrence of diseases and pests.

4. Pesticides commonly used in nursery pest control can be divided into 6 types according to their different uses.

(1) insecticides are used to control various pests, and some can also kill mites, such as dichlorvos, dimethoate, methamidophos, chlordimeform, permethrin and other pesticides. They kill pests mainly through stomach poison, contact, fumigation and internal inhalation.

(2) acaricides are specially used to control mites (that is, red spiders), such as triclofenac sulfone, diclofenac and acarate pesticides. Acaricides have certain selectivity and have different control effects on mites at different developmental stages. some of them have good contact effect on eggs and larvae or young mites, but have poor effect on adult mites.

(3) Fungicides are used to control plant diseases, such as Bordeaux solution, Dysen zinc, carbendazim, trimethoprim, trimethoprim and so on. It mainly plays the role of inhibiting the growth of bacteria, protecting crops from infringement and infiltrating into crops to eliminate invasive bacteria. Most fungicides mainly play a protective role in preventing the occurrence and spread of diseases.

(4) herbicides are specially used to control weeds in farmland, such as herbicide, herbicide, fluadongling, chloruron and other pesticides. According to their herbicidal effects, they can be divided into contact herbicides and internal herbicides, the former can only be used to control annual weeds germinated by seeds, and the latter can kill perennial weeds. When some herbicides are used in excessive concentration, grass and seedlings can kill or cause drug damage to crops.

(5) Plant growth regulators are specially used to regulate plant growth and development, such as gibberellin (920), naphthylacetic acid, dwarf, vinyl and other pesticides. These pesticides have similar effects as plant hormones and can promote or resist the growth and development of plants to meet the needs of growth.

Nematodes are suitable for controlling all kinds of nematodes in vegetables, strawberries, tobacco, fruit trees and trees. Nematodes have been developed into a kind of insecticides from the original insecticidal and fungicides with both therapeutic effects. At present, almost all nematodes are soil treatment agents, most of which have the functions of killing bacteria and killing soil pests, and some of them also have the function of weeding. According to the chemical structure, it can be divided into four types: halogenated hydrocarbons, dithiocarbamate lipids and organophosphorus.

(5) physical prevention and control

In the production of nursery seedlings, the tendency of adults of some pests to light can be used to set up black light or high pressure anti-pest lamp to trap and kill adults. The seeds and cuttings can also be treated by ultrasonic, heat treatment and X-ray irradiation to eliminate pathogens or pests. For example, the paulownia witches' branch disease can be controlled by soaking the roots of paulownia seeds in warm water for 1 hour.

In a word, in the process of production and management of nursery, we should constantly improve and improve cultivation techniques and cultivate strong seedlings to improve plant resistance to diseases and insect pests.

Control techniques of main diseases and insect pests in nursery production

(1) aphids

There are mainly tree aphids, peach aphids, peach powder aphids, cypress aphids, rose long tube aphids, willow tumor aphids, autumn four vein cotton aphids, Populus tomentosa aphids, Chinese locust aphids and so on. Most aphids spend the winter with eggs, then migrate to other plants to continue the damage, and return to the host to endanger the winter before the autumn. Therefore, it is very important and critical to prevent and cure the first generation of overwintering eggs hatching.

Prevention and control methods: (1) combined with spring shearing, cut off the branches with eggs; (2) in the germination stage, spraying control during the peak incubation period of overwintering eggs. Spray 6% imidacloprid EC 3000 to 4000 times, or 5% acetamiprid EC 5000 to 6000 times, or 50% phoxim EC 800 to 1000 times, or 2.5% phoxim 2500 to 3000 times, etc., one of which carries on foliar spray, pay attention to safety when spraying. Omethoate is also a good medicine to control aphids, but omethoate may cause drug damage to Rosaceae plants such as peach blossom, elm leaf plum, sticking begonia and so on, so we should be very careful when using it in garden plants and try not to use it. (3) the yellow armyworm board traps and kills the winged aphid. (4) pay attention to the protection and utilization of natural enemies, such as ladybugs, lacewings, etc. (5) 100 grams of 3% furan granules per square meter applied directly to the rhizosphere of some flower shrubs can also effectively control aphids.

(2) mites

There are mainly apple red spider, Hawthorn red spider, Chinese white poplar gall mite and wheat round leaf claw mite harmful to lawn and so on.

Control methods: (1) do a good job in forecasting and checking the leaf surface and leaf back in time, and it is best to observe with the help of a magnifying glass. It is found that spider mites should be sprayed as soon as possible when more leaves are damaged. The prevention and control of early damage is the key to control rampant in the later stage. (2) remove disease and insect branches and weeds and burn them centrally. The eaves of the houses around the green space are often the habitat for overwintering mites, which should be checked and prevented. (3) when the amount of mites is light and does not affect the growth of trees, it can be washed with clean water. (4) when the pest is serious, 7000 to 9000 times of the solution of avermectin EC (also known as mikexin, acarine, paracetamol, paracetamol, alfordine) is evenly sprayed to control the pest, or 2500 to 3000 times of the EC (also known as acarone, acaridin, acaridin) has a better control effect. Do not use dichlorvos to kill mites. Dichlorvos can stimulate the proliferation of mites. Do not use pyrethroid pesticides, which are ineffective against mites. (5) protect natural enemies, such as ladybugs, lacewings, etc.

(3) scale insects and other piercing pests

There are mainly crape myrtle scale, grass cover scale, Korean ball scale, apple ball scale, Weimao sagittal shield scale, spotted wax cicada, locust wood louse and other piercing pests.

1. Crustaceans

Prevention and control methods: (1) strengthen plant quarantine. The activity ability of scale insects is weak, its own spread is limited, and its distribution is more concentrated. In the process of seedling exchange and transportation, quarantine should be strengthened and such diseases and insect pests should be found, that is, transportation should be stopped and measures should be taken to eliminate them. (2) before the trees germinated, the 50-fold solution of crystal stone sulfur mixture was used to spray the branches to eliminate the overwintering insects. (3) combined with pouring green water in spring, 3% furan granules were applied to the root. Before watering, drill holes around the plant roots with pointed iron bars every 30 centimeters, with a depth of 10 to 20 centimeters, apply 4 to 6 grams of 3% carbofuran per square meter, and bury water after application. (4) in the process of maintenance, if insect pests are found in individual branches and leaves, the insect branches and leaves should be cut off or scraped off immediately and burned centrally to prevent spread. (5) during the peak incubation period of nymphs, 1500 to 2000 times of EC, 2000 times of imidacloprid soluble solution and 2500 times of pyrethroids were sprayed on branches and leaves when wax was not formed or waxy layer was just formed. Good results can be achieved when the above three agents are used alternately and sprayed every 7 to 10 days for 2 to 3 times in a row. The key to spraying is to seize the opportunity (nymph stage). Once the shell is formed, the spray is difficult to be effective. (6) to protect and utilize natural enemies and avoid using pesticides that injure natural enemies during the peak period of the emergence of natural enemies.

two。 Spotted wax cicada and locust wood lice

Control methods: spray 1.2% Sophora flavescens EC 800 to 1000 times, imidacloprid EC 3000 to 4000 times, or acetamiprid EC 5000 to 6000 times, or 50% phoxim EC 800 to 1000 times, or 2.5% phoxim 2500 to 3000 times, etc. can have a better control effect. For the spotted wax cicada, you can also scrape off the egg mass when pruning trees in spring.

(4) Leaf-eating pests

There are mainly willow leaf beetle, willow poison moth, pear star caterpillar, yellow tail poison moth, cypress moth, willow leaf wasp, yellow poplar silk borer, apple brown leaf roll moth, Robinia pseudoacacia, mulberry leaf moth, elm leaf beetle, small blue beetle, horned spot ancient poison moth, small coir moth, etc., most of them overwinter as larvae and come out early in spring for harm and activities.

1. Salix moth, cypress moth, yellow poplar silk borer, pear star caterpillar, yellow tail moth, Robinia pseudoacacia, mulberry thorn moth, gray spot ancient poison moth, small coir moth and other pests

Prevention and treatment methods: (1) artificial removal of egg mass. (2) when the larvae are infested, the leaves are removed and the larvae are killed artificially. (3) using frequency vibrating insecticidal lamp to trap and kill adults. (4) Biological or bionic pesticides were selected before the 3rd instar of the larvae, such as Bt wettable powder with a content of 16000IU/ mg, 1.2% bitter tobacco EC 800 to 1000 times, 25% diflubenzuron suspension 1500 to 2000 times, 20% rice full suspension 1500 to 2000 times, etc. (5) larvae occur in a large area, which can be sprayed with 2000 to 3000 times, 2.5% phoxim EC 1000 to 1500 times, 20% chrysanthemum EC 1000 to 1500 times, etc. (6) protect natural enemies, such as cocoon wasp, mantis and so on.

two。 Willow leaf beetle, willow leaf wasp, elm blue leaf beetle and other pests

Prevention and control methods: (1) make use of its false death, when the overwintering adults climb the tree, vibrate and kill. (2) artificial scraping off eggs and newly hatched larvae and concentrated burning. (3) inject chemicals into the tree trunk. Use 6% imidacloprid EC or 40% omethoate EC and inject 1 ml of imidacloprid EC per 1 cm DBH. (4) before overwintering adults lay eggs, the first generation larvae and adults overwintered with chemical pesticides such as 2000 times of phoxim EC, or 3000 to 3500 times of cypermethrin, or 1000 times of 90% crystal trichlorfon. (5) protect natural enemies. Such as ladybugs, mantis, bugs and so on.

(5) stem borer

There are mainly rose stem wasps, white wax stem wasps, bare-shouldered longicorn beetles, peach red-necked longicorn beetles and other larvae.

1. Rose stem wasp

Prevention and control methods: (1) strengthen maintenance and management, cut off the wilted or collapsed branches at any time in the growing season (until there is no decay in the stem pith) and burn them centrally, so as to destroy the larvae and eggs inside. This method is the most effective and fundamental method to control rose stem wasps. (2) rational allocation of plants. The adult of rose stem wasp is not good at long-distance flight, so the species should not be too single when designed and planted, so as to form a natural isolation zone around it and prevent it from spreading. (3) when it is found that the branches with insects must be completely eliminated during spring pruning, the branches with insects must be cut off, and the larvae inside must be cut and killed; if the worm is found to have been eaten into the root, 5 to 10 milliliters of 50 times of 6% imidacloprid EC can be injected into the wormhole with syringes, and the remaining larvae will be poisoned immediately with soil, and the cut branches can be treated and burned in time. (4) in the early emergence stage of overwintering adults (catkins in full flight) and egg hatching period, 1500 to 2000 times of imidacloprid or 1500 to 2000 times of 20% chrysanthemum EC were sprayed to kill adults and larvae. Or burying 3% furan granules in the roots of the plant. (5) breeding insect-resistant varieties. For example, the insect resistance of Mannheim rose with low branch point is better than that of mixed flower rose with high branch point; the insect resistance of rejuvenated rose is better than that of old rose; double flower rose is more resistant to this insect. (6) pay attention to protect the natural enemies of parasitoids such as golden wasps. There are many natural enemies of rose stem wasps. The parasitic branches cut in the larval stage are placed in the cage and hung in the rose planting place. The small parasitoids fly out and then parasitize the larvae of other rose stem wasps, and the parasitism rate is often more than 50%.

two。 White wax Harrington stem wasp

Control methods: (1) combined with spring tree pruning to eliminate overwintering larvae. Generally, when pruning in spring, the branches with brown spots are cut off and burned centrally to reduce the number of overwintering larvae. (2) spraying to kill adults. In the middle and last ten days of April, from adult emergence to larval hatching, 40% omethoate 1000 times or 10% imidacloprid 1500 times were sprayed on leaves and current-year branches. (3) inject chemicals into the tree trunk. 40% omethoate or 6% imidacloprid emulsion is injected into the tree by diluting the solution 10 to 20 times and injecting 1 ml of the solution per 1 cm breast diameter of the tree to kill adults and newly hatched larvae. (4) Root carbofuran. Dig trenches or evenly drill holes around the tree pits, apply 8 to 10 grams of 3% carbofuran per 1 cm DBH of the trees, and immediately water them thoroughly.

3. Longicorn beetles such as bare-shouldered longicorn beetles, peach red-necked longicorn beetles, etc.

Prevention and control methods: (1) from the defecation hole, artificially hook out the larvae with iron wire to kill. (2) Pesticide control. Where there is a fresh defecation hole, first remove the dregs with tweezers, and pry open the cortex around the defecation hole with a knife, then insert 52% aluminum phosphide tablets or use a syringe to inject omethoate to kill the larvae, and then paste the harmful area with thin mud to prevent air leakage. (3) inject chemicals into the tree trunk. The method is to make a hole under the tree trunk 5 to 10 centimeters above the ground, with a diameter of 0.8 to 1.0 centimeters, a depth of 3.0 to 5.0 centimeters, and a slightly higher opening to prevent the chemical from flowing out. Each plant is injected with a dose of 1 ml per breast diameter, 40% omethoate EC or 6% imidacloprid emulsion, and then sealed with mud. (4) release Guan's leg wasp to protect natural enemies such as woodpeckers.

(6) Underground pests

Underground pests mainly refer to a kind of pests that live in the soil during the damage period, such as mole cricket, grub, ground tiger and so on. There are many kinds of such pests and do harm to a wide range of hosts. Chemical control methods: (1) methamidophos. When making the bed, it can be evenly mixed into the deep soil layer of 20cm, and the insecticidal solution can be filled with sticks in the seedling stage, or the granular nail mixed with phosphorus can be applied to the bottom of the ditch and covered with soil when changing the bed and opening the ditch. (2) phoxim. Yellowish brown liquid, stable in neutral acid solution, easy to decompose when exposed to alkali, heat, light, especially ultraviolet light. Phoxim has strong contact stomach toxicity, wide insecticidal range, low toxicity to higher animals, outstanding insecticidal effect in soil, and the residual period is as long as 3 months. Therefore, it is very suitable for soil treatment and control of underground pests. Seed dressing with 50% emulsion and 100 times solution according to 1 (medicine solution): 100 (seed) has a good control effect on mole cricket, grub, ground tiger and other underground pests. It is best to apply medicine in the evening to reduce sunlight photolysis. It is very toxic to bees, so avoid releasing bees when taking medicine. (3) dichlorvos. Dichlorvos EC stored for a long time will not decompose, but after adding water, the decomposition failure is faster and the efficacy period is short, especially in the high temperature and alkaline environment. Under the general concentration, there is no drug harm to most plants. (4) trichlorfon. Trichlorfon mainly has stomach toxicity and contact killing effect, which is safe to human beings and animals, but highly toxic to pests. The reason is that trichlorfon is easily decomposed by serum esterase in blood into trichloroacetaldehyde and trichloroethyl glucural ester in higher animals and excreted from urine, while in insects it is relatively stable and decomposes slowly. and can be converted into more toxic dichlorvos. The residual period of trichlorfon is short, and 90% crystal trichlorfon 0.075kg and 5kg wheat gluten are used as poison bait to trap and kill underground pests such as ground tiger and mole cricket. The diluent or poison bait of trichlorfon should be used and should not be released for a long time so as not to decompose and fail.

Artificial control methods: the occurrence site of grubs has some rules to follow. In the flat nursery, their activity is closely related to the soil temperature. When the soil temperature of 5cm under the surface of the seedling bed is more than 15 ℃, the grub activity depth is mostly in the soil layer of 15cm under the bed surface. At this time, the 2-3 instar larvae can be effectively killed by using the thin steel needle of 20cm to tie downward according to the horizontal distance between 1cm. In addition, the pest density of grubs can be greatly reduced by ploughing, raking or massive irrigation at the stage of 1st instar larvae in autumn.

(7) Leaf spot disease

Leaf spot is the general name of leaf spot disease caused by local infection of leaf tissue. However, leaf spot occurs not only on leaves, but also on branches, flowers and fruits. The types of leaf spot: black spot, brown spot, round spot, corner spot, leaf blight, ring spot and so on.

Prevention and control methods: (1) strengthen cultivation management. Reasonable fertilization, adequate fertilizer and water; timely watering in summer drought; construction of nursery on well-drained soil; suitable planting density in order to ventilation and light transmission to reduce leaf humidity; timely removal of field weeds. (2) eliminate the source of infection. Clean the fallen leaves and pick off the diseased leaves at any time. The seriously diseased plants were heavily pruned in winter to remove the overwintering pathogens on the diseased stems. The stone-sulfur mixture of 3-5 Baume was sprayed during the dormant period. (3) Pesticide control. Pay attention to the timely use of drugs in the early stage of the disease. According to the type of disease, the following agents can be selected: 1000 times liquid of 70% methylbujin wettable powder and 60008000 times liquid of 10% high water dispersible granule. 1000 times of Dysen ammonium solution was sprayed once every 15 days for 3 times in a row.

(8) White powder

Control methods: (1) eliminate overwintering pathogens, combine pruning in autumn and winter, cut off diseased and weak branches, and remove withered branches and leaves to reduce the source of primary infection. (2) spraying Baume 2-3 degrees stone sulfur mixture during dormancy to eliminate the overwintering hyphae in the disease buds or the closed capsule of the disease part. (3) strengthen cultivation management and improve environmental conditions. (4) Chemical control: at the initial stage of the disease, 15% vermicellin wettable powder was sprayed 1500 × 2000 times, 40% Fuxing EC 8000 × 10000 times, 45% Tekedo suspension 300 times 800 times. The greenhouse can be fumigated with 10% fumigant. (5) Biological agents: biological pesticides have developed rapidly in recent years, and BO-10 (150-200 times solution) and antimycin 120 also have good control effects on powdery mildew. (6) planting resistant varieties: selecting resistant varieties is one of the important measures to control powdery mildew.

(9) anthrax

Prevention and control methods: (1) strengthen maintenance and management to enhance the disease resistance of plants. Select disease-free plant cultivation; reasonable fertilization and rotation, planting density should be appropriate, to facilitate ventilation and light, reduce humidity; pay attention to watering methods to avoid flooding; basin soil should be renewed or disinfected in time. (2) to remove the pathogen. Remove dead branches and fallen leaves in time, cut off diseased branches, scrape off diseased spots on stems, thoroughly remove diseased remains such as rhizomes, bulbs and corms, and eliminate the source of primary infection. The stone-sulfur mixture of 3-5 Baume was sprayed during the dormant period. (3) Chemical control during the onset of the disease, especially the timely application of fungicides in the early stage of the disease. The available agents are: 47% Jiarinong wettable powder 600 × 800 times, 40% Fuxing EC 8000 times, 10% high water dispersible granules 6000 times 8000 times, 10% polyantimycin wettable powder 1000 times 2000 times, 6% carbendazim 800 times, 50% carbendazim 800 times, 75% chlorothalonil 1000 times, 75% chlorothalonil 800 times or 80% anthrax Fumei 800 times, once every 10 days, 4 times in succession. (4) breeding or using disease-resistant varieties.

(10) Seedling quenching and blight

Control methods: (1) the comprehensive control measures of seedling cultivation and chemical control should be adopted for the control of seedling quenching and blight. (2) the seedbed should be treated with chemicals and the soil should be disinfected. (3) strengthen the management of seedbed. Choose the land with high terrain, good drainage and sufficient light as the nursery bed. Popularize nutrition bowl to raise seedlings. Select seeds and raise seedlings at the right time. (4) timely spraying and prevention in the early stage of the disease.

(11) downy mildew (blight)

Prevention and control methods: (1) strengthen cultivation management. Remove diseased branches and withered leaves in time. Scientific watering method is adopted to avoid flood irrigation. Greenhouse cultivation should pay attention to ventilation and control temperature and humidity. Rose planted in the open field should also pay attention to adequate sunshine, ventilation and ventilation. (2) Pesticide control. Before flowering, combined with the prevention and control of other diseases, spray Bordeaux solution with 1RU 0.5 Vol 240, 75% Chlorothalonil wettable powder 800 times, 50% Carbendan wettable powder 500 times. In June, when disease spots appeared sporadically in the field, 58% Ruidu Manganese-Zinc wettable powder 400 times, 69% Anke Manganese-zinc wettable powder 800 times, 40% Phytophthorin 250 times, 64% germicidal alum 400 500 times, 72% Kelou wettable powder 750 times were sprayed. If it is sprayed again in July, the harm can be basically controlled. (3) after the onset of the disease, the roots can also be irrigated with 600 times of 50% nail cream copper wettable powder and 400 times of 60% aluminum ethyl phosphate wettable powder, with 300g of each plant.

(12) viral diseases

Control methods: (1) breeding non-toxic seedlings and cutting from healthy plants. Diseased or suspected diseased plants cannot be used as breeding materials. The plants with healthy appearance and exuberant growth were selected twice, and the cuttings were broken by hand without cutting with a knife. The diseased plants could recover after being treated with 36 ℃ of hot air for 4 weeks. The heat-treated plants can be used as materials for tissue culture, and virus-free seedlings can be cultured. But there are also people who hold the opposite view. (2) Chrysanthemum dwarf disease is easily transmitted by agricultural operations such as picking heads and picking flowers. Therefore, attention should be paid to field hygiene and operation of virus transmission in order to reduce the occurrence of diseases. In the daily management of pruning, coring and shearing of chrysanthemums, attention should be paid to the disinfection of tools and hands. (3) reduce the source of infection, remove the diseased leaves, pull out the diseased plants and wild hosts in time, and pay attention to remove the wild chrysanthemum and weeds with dwarf yellow symptoms around the chrysanthemum cultivation area and kill dodder, especially the host plants carrying this kind of virus.

Perennial garden management plan all the year round

The perennial garden is beautiful, but it also needs your maintenance and care all the year round. Garden owners should be aware of the demands of their own garden. Here we have a detailed to-do list, accurate to what you need to do each month, just for your garden to be healthy, beautiful and vibrant.

Perennial garden management plan all the year round

January

The prelude to the new year's horticultural work is to cut some big branches from pine trees and Platycladus orientalis and spread them into the seedbeds of perennials, which not only insulates the cold air, but also invigorates the color of the winter garden. In spring, use branches with more branches and fewer thorns to drive stakes. Look through the plant mail order roster or the product book published by the horticultural company and order your favorite products as soon as possible. Check the stored tubers and bulbs and throw away those that have been moldy and rotten. Florists in warm areas clean up the weeds in the garden ahead of time to prepare for a new round of soil sprouting. Plant potted plants and perennial bulbs.

February

Count gardening tools, patches that should be patched, oils that should be oiled. Flower friends in the south begin to prepare for farming this month, while in the north, people should also pay attention to the appearance of late spring chill. If you have a greenhouse or sunshine room, you can buy a spotlight to promote plant growth and replenish the light artificially. Flower friends in the south deal with winter annual weeds as soon as possible before setting seeds, clean up perennial seedbeds and remove damaged leaves.

Perennial garden management plan all the year round

March

Continue to raise seedlings, at this time if the indoor light is good will be conducive to the growth of seedlings. Even in the Yangtze River basin, the phenomenon of "March snow" is very common, so the protection of cold-fearing plants can not be relaxed and can not leave the house early. It is too early to remove the root mulch from the seedbed when the remaining leaves and stems of perennials are trimmed outdoors, and temperatures below 7 ℃ at night can cause damage to perennials. In the warm regions of the south, perennials that bloom in summer and autumn, such as chamomile, oleander and chrysanthemum, insist on weeding. Fertilizer should be applied before the plant grows, foliar fertilization or root fertilization, or both.

April

In both the south and the north, temperatures have begun to stabilize and pick up significantly since April. Remove the remaining winter protection around the plant, and the areas with high latitudes will not be removed until May. It is not suitable to cultivate the land when it is too wet, start piling for top-heavy or high crops. Flower friends in the south should continue their work of weeding and ramet, and buy and plant summer bulbs. At this time, the diseases and insect pests that lurk through the winter also begin to be active, and the most important thing is to prevent them. Unsuitable environment, excessive humidity and excessive fertilization are the causes of diseases and insect pests, and try to stifle them in the early and primary stages.

Perennial garden management plan all the year round

May

Renew the root mulch of perennial plants, keep the depth of the root mulch layer to the thickness of 5cm, and consider compost as the root mulch layer, which will nourish the plants with the decomposition of compost. Don't plant late-growing plants such as safflower hickory and Campanula now. Trim chrysanthemums, oleander, asters, hyssop, and wasp until there are only two groups of leaves left. In the south, the withered daffodils and Dutch iris leaves should be removed, and attention should be paid to insect control and weeds control.

June

Spring flowering plants are divided after fade, including bearded irises and Oriental poppies. Get rid of the failed flowers, keep the garden clean and tidy, and prevent the outbreak of diseases. Now, in the peak season of plant growth, we need 2.5cm deep water for irrigation every week. If we catch up with Rain Water, we will need artificial watering. The general principle of watering is "see dry and wet". To observe that the soil is dry and deep, you can use your hands to touch the dry and wet medium, or use chopsticks to distinguish between the dry and wet. Watering must be thoroughly watered, to nourish all things quietly watered like spring rain, rather than washed with water, otherwise the water will flow away in vain, and will not be really absorbed by the soil. It is important to note that it must be watered before 10:00 in any season. At the height of summer, the soil usually dries before dusk, so depending on the situation, water it again at dusk, or on the leaves. If you water all the leaves, you can remove the dust that interferes with the breathing of the leaves, let them flow down, promote plant growth, and also give the soil plenty of water. Water at noon to avoid the leaves and prevent them from being burned by the sun. If the water flow is too strong, it will make the plants lodge, so pay attention to the water pressure when watering. Plant plants that blossom in autumn.

Perennial garden management plan all the year round

July

Stroll through the flower market to see what more plants you need to replenish, divide the overgrown plants, and then divide them after the day lilies bloom, so that the roots will have time to plant. Pay attention to pest control, pick the bugs by hand if necessary, and start making plans for autumn.

August

If Rain Water is rare, watering the garden regularly and adding extra water to perennials that bloom in autumn will help them bloom. Clean up failed flowers and withered leaves in the garden, prune the stems of perennials such as bearded irises, day lilies, and hairpins, and start ordering plants for autumn sowing.

Perennial garden management plan all the year round

September

Buy autumn chrysanthemums and spring flowering bulbs and insert flowering pansy into seedbeds or flowerpots. In mild climates, these annual plants will be part of a rare garden hue in winter. Plant potted asters and chrysanthemums into the garden to increase the color of the autumn garden. Take protective measures to survive the winter before freezing the garden land. Take a walk in the park and flower market for inspiration to see what more plants need to be added for the coming spring. Diseases and insect pests in autumn can not be ignored, persimmon, crape myrtle, yellow and other plant diseases and insect pests have entered a high incidence period, it is necessary to thoroughly eliminate diseases and insect pests and put an end to spread.

October

Sow spring-flowering bulbs and continue to water perennials until they are dormant. Clean the garden, compost the remains of plants, measure the pH value of the soil, add some lime if the soil is sour, and treat it with sulfur if it is too alkaline. Dig out the fragile bulbs for storage, such as colored leaf taro, hundred lotus, dahlia, black leaf taro. Most flowers such as rose, peony, crape myrtle and pomegranate should be pruned and shaped in autumn to help plants reduce nutrient consumption in winter and remove diseased branches, withered branches, overdense branches and overgrown branches, so as to lay a good foundation for the growth of the coming year.

Perennial garden management plan all the year round

November

When the land is frozen, the garden is covered with root mulch, and perennials are covered with rotten fertilizer, compost or broken leaves. When plants are weakened by disease or bad environment, fertilizer should be stopped. In cold areas, prepare for potted plants to survive the winter, drain the water from the water pipes, put it away, take back the piles in the ground, and throw away the rotten ones. In the north, plants planted in the field are thoroughly watered before they are frozen. If there is little rain in the southern area, pay attention to keeping the compost pile moist. Now it is the season for planting spring flowering bulbs and peonies in the south.

December

Observe the garden in winter to see if its landscape needs to be improved and which area has insufficient colors. Order seeds and clean up the place where gardening tools are stored. Perennial flowers and plants will die in the aboveground part in winter, but the underground part will remain through the winter. The treatment of withered grass and fallen leaves in the whole garden can not only reduce the sojourning of overwintering diseases and insect pests, but also prevent the occurrence of fire.