What to do when there are bugs on the back of the tortoise? the pest control of the bamboo on the back of the tortoise is mainly based on drug spraying.

If people are not treated in time after they are sick, they may cause other diseases, serious ones will crisis our health and even life. In fact, this is also true when planting turtleback bamboo. If it grows insects or diseases, it should be treated in time. What about turtleback bamboo growing insects? Xiao Bian brings you detailed pest control methods of Turtle Bamboo.

What to do if the beetle grows?

If the tortoise back bamboo grows bugs, it is generally due to the wrong cultivation methods of the tortoise back bamboo, or environmental problems. Several common insects are shell insects and brown soft scale, which will absorb juice on the leaves and hinder the normal growth of the tortoise back bamboo. What if the tortoise back bamboo grows bugs? Be sure to clear them in time and prevent them from appearing again.

1. Brown soft scale

If the leaves are found to be covered with oily honeydew, and the leaves and branches are covered with black mildew spots, it is likely to be brown soft scale, which mainly harms the tender stems and leaves of Phyllostachys pubescens. The adult brown soft scale is flat and oval, and the left and right worms experience asymmetry, which is one of the best ways to distinguish it.

Treatment: spray control, can use 2.5% deltamethrin EC, diluted to 2000 times solution for spraying; can also use 10% EC diluted to 3000 times easy to spray, can play a good pest control effect.

2. Scale insects

Scale insects can parasitize on many plants. Tortoise-backed bamboo is one of its favorite places to live. It can pose a deadly threat to petioles and leaves.

Treatment: brush it off gently with a toothbrush, then spray it with a 40% omethoate EC diluted to 1000 times the solution.

Disease and pest control of tortoise-backed bamboo

1. Rust

Symptoms: needle-sized yellow dots appear on both sides of the leaf at first, then spread into brick red or light brown blister spots, and then the leaves wither and yellow and fall off.

Treatment: get rid of the diseased leaves, the initial stage of the disease can be diluted with 20% triadimefon EC to 1500 times solution spray; in severe cases, 40% Nova EC can be diluted into 6000 times solution spray, 3 times in a row.

2. Gray spot pain

Symptoms: from the leaf edge of the wound began to invade, the spot is dark brown, the shape is irregular oval, the spot is not grayish brown, the edge is dark brown.

Treatment: remove the diseased leaves, keep them in a ventilated and bright place, spray with 65% mancozeb wettable powder diluted to 600 times the solution, and then take reasonable maintenance to reduce the incidence.

Conclusion: the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests of tortoise back bamboo mainly lies in prevention, and many diseases and insect pests can actually be avoided or even eliminated. As long as careful conservation and correct measures are taken, the occurrence of insect pests on tortoise back bamboo can be avoided. Conducive to its growth can also save planting costs.

A complete set of family flower cultivation techniques, hand-in-hand to teach you "watering, fertilization, pest control"

A complete set of family flower cultivation techniques, hand-in-hand to teach you "watering, fertilization, pest control"

Flower appreciation, flower cultivation has become a fashion, family flower cultivation is generally based on potted flowers. If you want to raise flowers well, you must master the knowledge of conservation and management, especially the three key technologies of watering, fertilization and pest control. Today, Brother Earth has sorted out a complete strategy for raising flowers for everyone. Flower friends remember to collect them well!

1. Selection of watering quality

Family flower watering often uses tap water, but tap water contains disinfectant bleaching powder, in which chloride ion is easy to hurt the young root hairs of potted flowers, which must be stored for 1 to 2 days. After chlorine volatilization, the water temperature is close to the soil temperature before it can be used to water flowers. Due to the natural arrangement of water molecules, magnetized water has been disturbed by the magnetic field, which is similar to the water molecules in plant cells, and is easy to be absorbed and utilized by plants, so it is best for potted flowers to pour magnetized water.

Water quantity

The principle of watering is "pour thoroughly, pour thoroughly without leakage", that is, each time until the water seeps from the plate under the basin. In addition, it should be determined according to the size, depth and texture of the flowerpot. Small basin shallow, watering should be less frequently; mud basin seepage is good, basin soil is easy to dry, should be watered frequently; stone basin, glaze basin is not easy to seep, long-term stagnant water, flowers will rot.

Different flowers and trees have different watering periods. One is the wet rather than dry type, which means that when the basin soil is completely dry, the flowers and trees will be damaged and withered, and this kind of flowers and trees should be fully watered when the basin soil is slightly dry, such as iron line fern, Phoenix tail fern, etc.; the second is the dry rather than wet type, which refers to the flowers and trees that are watered after the basin soil is dry, such as cactus, aloe, etc.; the third is the wet type, which refers to the flowers and trees that are immediately watered by 3cm on the surface of the basin soil, such as turtle back bamboo, green apple and so on.

Watering varies from season to season. When the spring is cold and warm and the weather is changeable, the potted flowers begin to sprout and take root, requiring a large amount of water, so as to keep the basin soil moist; dry in summer, evaporate quickly, and double watering; water should be watered less in autumn to avoid excessive growth of flowers and branches, affecting the blooming of the second year; in winter, most flowers and trees are dormant and keep the pot soil slightly dry.

A complete set of family flower cultivation techniques, hand-in-hand to teach you "watering, fertilization, pest control"

Watering time

The time of watering flowers varies every day in spring, summer, autumn and winter. As the flower proverb goes, "morning water is nectar, fire water is arsenic, and evening water is life-saving soup." That is to say, in the spring and autumn season, about 10:00 in the morning and after 4 o'clock in the afternoon is the appropriate time to water flowers, but do not water flowers at noon in summer. The temperature is the highest at noon in midsummer, and the difference between basin soil and water temperature is the greatest. At this time, watering flowers can easily hinder the normal physiological activities of the root system, weaken the water absorption of the root system, produce physiological drought, and wilt the branches and leaves. By the same token, flowers should be watered at noon in winter. In short, "Spring watering noon, summer watering morning and evening, autumn watering the next day, winter watching frequently."

Watering method

Potted flowers must be chiseled loose before watering, so that the irrigated water can be absorbed in time so that it will not emerge from the edge of the basin. It is best to pour water evenly with a fine-hole spray can. The watering of small pots of flowers had better take the method of basin soaking, that is, put the flowerpots into the larger water basin, make the water seep into the basin soil from the drainage hole, and move out after the surface of the basin soil is slightly wet, which can prevent the pot soil from hardening due to watering, which is beneficial to the root respiration of potted flowers. General negative foliage potted flowers in the special environment of the dry room, coupled with the cover of dust, it is often difficult to show bright colors. In addition to regular irrigation, we should also adopt the foliar spraying method of sprinkling water to wash dust and spray to moisten the leaves. This method can also cool down the summer potted flowers at high temperature at noon and continue to bloom well for the semi-summer dormancy flowers.

A complete set of family flower cultivation techniques, hand-in-hand to teach you "watering, fertilization, pest control"

2. Fertilization

Fertilizer type

Organic fertilizer. Organic fertilizer is a kind of fertilizer formed by the processing and ripening of seeds, organs, residues or excreta of all kinds of plants and animals, such as human feces and urine, livestock and poultry dung, cake, dregs, weeds and green manure. Organic fertilizer is a late-acting fertilizer with complete nutrients and long fertilizer effect. It must be fermented and ripened before use.

Inorganic fertilizer. Inorganic fertilizers are fertilizers made from chemical synthesis or natural ore processing, such as urea, calcium superphosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and so on. The fertilizer effect of inorganic fertilizer is fast, but the nutrient is simple, and the fertilizer effect is not long. Fertilizer is single, but if it is used alone for a long time, it will harden the basin soil and it is better to use it in conjunction with organic fertilizer.

A complete set of family flower cultivation techniques, hand-in-hand to teach you "watering, fertilization, pest control"

adequate manuring

The principle of fertilization is timely and appropriate amount. Timely refers to flowers when needed to apply, if found that the color of flower leaves become light, or when the plant growth is weak, it is timely to apply fertilizer. Appropriate amount should be achieved at all times. Excessive fertilization will affect the growth and development of flowers. Too much nitrogen fertilizer, plants easy to grow, stems and leaves weak, affecting flowering and fruiting, and vulnerable to diseases and insect pests; too much phosphate fertilizer, will hinder the growth of flowers, affect flowering and fruiting; too much potash fertilizer, low plants, wrinkled brown leaves, and even wilt.

Fertilization should be changed according to the growing period of flowers and seedlings. When growing rapidly in the seedling stage, more nitrogen and potassium fertilizer should be applied to make the stems and branches stout and the root system developed; before flowering and budding, more phosphate fertilizer should be applied to promote large flowers, beautiful color and full buds; spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate after color penetration and thanks can prevent falling flowers and buds; during flowering and early fruit setting, it is necessary to control fertilizer and water, otherwise it is easy to drop flowers and fruits.

The concentration of fertilizer should be changed according to the change of season. The winter temperature is low, the plant growth is slow, most flowers grow in dormant or semi-dormant state, generally do not apply fertilizer. The spring and autumn season is the peak growing season, so more topdressing should be appropriate. High temperature in summer, rapid evaporation of water, exuberant growth of flowers, adhere to the principle of frequent application of thin fertilizer. The application of organic fertilizer must be fully ripened. The concentration of chemical fertilizer should not be too high to prevent flowers from "burning".

The fertilization time is different in different seasons. Fertilization should be applied in the evening in summer and around noon in winter. General fertilization can be applied before dry or rainy weather in sunny days, but not after rain and continuous rainy days; when the climate is warm and hot, it is not applied when the climate is hot or cold; when the climate is hot or cold, it is semi-dormant or dormant; when the basin soil is dry, it is not applied when it is wet; the old basin soil is applied more, but the new basin soil is applied less; the base fertilizer is applied less, and there is no base fertilizer or not enough.

Fertilize according to the characteristics of flowers. Flowers dominated by foliage, such as pine, bamboo, orchid, etc., are mainly nitrogen fertilizer, which can promote the growth of branches and leaves and have a thick green color. Flowers that mainly watch flowers and enjoy fruits need more fertilizers. When growing branches and leaves, fertilizers based on nitrogen fertilizer are applied once or twice, and in the stages of flower bud differentiation, flower bud formation and growth before flowering, fertilizers based on phosphate fertilizer should be applied to make the flowers multiply and fruit luxuriantly. Generally speaking, for newly transplanted flowers with disease, do not apply fertilizer for the time being; it is best not to apply fertilizer to flowers in the flowering period, so as not to wither and fall the buds and flowers.

A complete set of family flower cultivation techniques, hand-in-hand to teach you "watering, fertilization, pest control"

Fertilization method

Base fertilizer. The application of base fertilizer generally adopts two methods: one is to cultivate flowers after uniformly mixing the fertilizer with the cultivated soil (about 1:9) according to a certain proportion, which can not only improve the physical properties of the soil, but also supply the nutritional needs of the whole period of flower growth. The second is to put a little fertilizer on the pot, change the basin or turn the basin into the bottom of the basin, generally not more than the basin soil 1 big 10, and above to cover a layer of soil, and then plant flowers.

Top dressing. Topdressing generally uses two methods: one is soil application, that is, fertilizer is applied directly into the soil. Topdressing liquid fertilizer should first be diluted and sprayed into the basin soil, while topdressing solid fertilizer can be evenly sprinkled on the surface of the basin soil, and then covered with a layer of soil. Pay attention to watering after fertilization to facilitate absorption. Second, foliar spraying, also known as extra-root topdressing, has the advantages of saving fertilizer and quick effect. It is usually used in the peak period of flower growth or when there is a lack of certain elements. Generally, inorganic fertilizers with a concentration of 0.1% to 0.5% are sprayed in the morning or evening when there is no wind, so as to make the leaves moist, the most commonly used are urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium superphosphate, ferrous sulfate and so on.

A complete set of family flower cultivation techniques, hand-in-hand to teach you "watering, fertilization, pest control"

3. Control of common diseases and insect pests

Disease

① powdery mildew. Diagnosis of powdery mildew: yellow transparent spots appeared on the leaf surface, and then gradually spread to the whole leaf. Powdery mildew spots appeared and the disease spots turned gray in the later stage. It mainly harms many kinds of flowers such as rose, rose, dahlia, chrysanthemum, peony, melon and leaf chrysanthemum, impatiens, wood and so on.

② anthrax. Diagnosis of anthracnose: yellow-brown sunken spots appeared on the leaves, and spread outward into dark brown patches, or irregular patches on the leaves, and the leaf tips dried up and spread downward continuously. In the later stage, there are black dots on the disease spot, which are often arranged in a round pattern, and the leaves die when the disease is serious. It mainly harms orchids, rubber trees, roses, cacti, peonies, jasmine, carnation, anemone and other flowers.

③ black spot. Diagnosis of black spot: nearly round or irregular black spots appeared on the damaged leaves, which gradually enlarged, and in severe cases, the leaves turned yellow, fell off, and even led to plant death. It mainly harms rose, rhododendron, camellia, cherry, elm leaf plum and other flowers.

A complete set of family flower cultivation techniques, hand-in-hand to teach you "watering, fertilization, pest control"

Prevention and control methods:

① agricultural control. Strengthen cultivation management, properly increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, enhance plant disease resistance, and should remove disease and fallen leaves as soon as possible, and incineration, clean the environment, reduce transmission media; pay attention to ventilation and light transmission.

② chemical control. At the initial stage of the disease, spray 1ve1ve100 Bordeaux solution to prevent the occurrence and development of the disease; spray antimicrobial agents 50% carbendazim, 50% carbendazim, 65% zinc, 75% chlorothalonil, 50% topiramate 500 times, 50% benzoate 1000 times.

Insect pest

① aphids. Aphids, also known as greasy insects, can occur all the year round, mainly to harm three-leaf plum, chrysanthemum, pomegranate and so on. The leaves of the injured plants were curled and the branches and leaves turned yellow, resulting in a large number of leaves and flowers falling off, and in serious cases, the plants died quickly.

Control method: soak red pepper 50g, water 30g 50g for 24 hours, spray the damaged plant with its filtrate, the control effect is very good, or spray 40% dimethoate EC 2000g 3000 times, 50% aphid pine, 1000 times 1500 times EC or 80% dichlorvos EC 3000 times.

② red spider. Red spiders, also known as fire dragon bugs, occur for many generations a year. It mainly harms the leaves and petals of wild elm, sparrow plum, five-needle pine and so on. The body of a red spider is the size of a needle, crimson or purple, and only red dots can be seen with the naked eye. The leaves of the injured plants turned green and the leaf edges rolled upward, resulting in scorching and shedding, causing the buds to atrophy in the early stage and die in severe cases.

Control method: soak citrus peel with 50g 0.5kg with water for 24 hours, spray the plant after filtration, or spray 1500 times of dicofol or 2000 times of omethoate for control. When spraying, the leaf surface and back should be sprayed together for better effect.

Family flower cultivation, family flower cultivation skills and tips

Planting and cultivating flowers is one of the ways that modern people rely on for entertainment. There are countless famous poems praising flowers through the ages. It is impossible to understand this kind of natural pleasure without planting and raising flowers. However, what do you need to pay attention to?

First of all, it is necessary to grow suitable flowers. Some flowers are not only beautiful in appearance, but also can absorb indoor harmful gases. For example, hanging orchids and aloe vera can absorb formaldehyde from newly installed houses; plum blossoms and carnation can absorb sulfur dioxide in the air; daffodils and chrysanthemums can absorb nitrogen oxides. Most flowers carry out photosynthesis and exhale qi during the day, while cactus is just the opposite. If they are mixed and planted together, they can maintain the output of nourishing qi, which is beneficial to the body and mind.

Secondly, do not raise flowers with strong fragrance or irritating or even toxic smell. The aroma of roses and lilies is rich, but if placed too much, it is easy to stimulate the brain and cause sleeplessness at night; the aroma of tulips can cause skin allergies and other diseases; oleander stems and leaves, petals are poisonous, if accidentally eaten, it will be poisoned. Also, if there are too many flowers, it emits a lot of carbon dioxide at night, which is also bad for the human body.

Finally, the mentality of growing flowers should be adjusted well. Flowers are also life, need water and sunshine, do not miss the time of watering, do not keep them out of contact with the sun for a long time; fertilize properly, do not let flowers be bitten by mosquitoes. At the same time can not be too loving, is not watering, easy to fiddle with, flowers need to rest, frequent interruptions are easy to make them tired. There are also some people who do not raise valuable flowers, most of which are cultivated in harsh conditions, and if these people do not have the time and energy, they can only be happy in vain.

Knowledge of family flower cultivation 1. Watering

1.1 selection of water quality

Family flower watering often uses tap water, but tap water contains disinfectant bleaching powder, in which chloride ion is easy to hurt the young root hairs of potted flowers, which must be stored for 1 to 2 days. After chlorine volatilization, the water temperature is close to the soil temperature before it can be used to water flowers. Due to the natural arrangement of water molecules, magnetized water has been disturbed by the magnetic field, which is similar to the water molecules in plant cells, and is easy to be absorbed and utilized by plants, so it is best for potted flowers to pour magnetized water.

1.2 watering capacity

1.2.1 watering principles

The principle of watering is "pour thoroughly, pour thoroughly without leakage", that is, each time until the water seeps from the plate under the basin. In addition, it should be determined according to the size, depth and texture of the flowerpot. Small basin shallow, watering should be less frequently; mud basin seepage is good, basin soil is easy to dry, should be watered frequently; stone basin, glaze basin is not easy to seep, long-term stagnant water, flowers will rot.

1.2.2 watering period

Different flowers and trees have different watering periods. One is the wet rather than dry type, which means that when the basin soil is completely dry, the flowers and trees will be damaged and withered, and this kind of flowers and trees should be fully watered when the basin soil is slightly dry, such as iron line fern, Phoenix tail fern, etc.; the second is the dry rather than wet type, which refers to the flowers and trees that are watered after the basin soil is dry, such as cactus, aloe, etc.; the third is the wet type, which refers to the flowers and trees that are immediately watered by 3cm on the surface of the basin soil, such as turtle back bamboo, green apple and so on.

1.2.3 watering season

When the spring is cold and warm and the weather is changeable, the potted flowers begin to sprout and take root, requiring a large amount of water, so as to keep the basin soil moist; dry in summer, evaporate quickly, and double watering; water should be watered less in autumn to avoid excessive growth of flowers and branches, affecting the blooming of the second year; in winter, most flowers and trees are dormant and keep the pot soil slightly dry.

1.3 watering time

The time of watering flowers varies every day in spring, summer, autumn and winter. As the flower proverb goes, "morning water is nectar, fire water is arsenic, and evening water is life-saving soup." That is to say, in the spring and autumn season, about 10:00 in the morning and after 4 o'clock in the afternoon is the appropriate time to water flowers, but do not water flowers at noon in summer. The temperature is the highest at noon in midsummer, and the difference between basin soil and water temperature is the greatest. At this time, watering flowers can easily hinder the normal physiological activities of the root system, weaken the water absorption of the root system, produce physiological drought, and wilt the branches and leaves. By the same token, flowers should be watered at noon in winter. In short, "Spring watering noon, summer watering morning and evening, autumn watering the next day, winter watching frequently."

1.4 watering method

Potted flowers must be chiseled loose before watering, so that the irrigated water can be absorbed in time so that it will not emerge from the edge of the basin. It is best to pour water evenly with a fine-hole spray can. The watering of small pots of flowers had better take the method of basin soaking, that is, put the flowerpots into the larger water basin, make the water seep into the basin soil from the drainage hole, and move out after the surface of the basin soil is slightly wet, which can prevent the pot soil from hardening due to watering, which is beneficial to the root respiration of potted flowers. General negative foliage potted flowers in the special environment of the dry room, coupled with the cover of dust, it is often difficult to show bright colors. In addition to regular irrigation, we should also adopt the foliar spraying method of sprinkling water to wash dust and spray to moisten the leaves. This method can also cool down the summer potted flowers at high temperature at noon, and continue to bloom well for half-summer dormancy flowers.

2. Fertilization

2.1 types of fertilizers

2.1.1 Organic fertilizer

Organic fertilizer is a kind of fertilizer formed by the processing and ripening of seeds, organs, residues or excreta of all kinds of plants and animals, such as human feces and urine, livestock and poultry dung, cake, dregs, weeds and green manure. Organic fertilizer is a late-acting fertilizer with complete nutrients and long fertilizer effect. It must be fermented and ripened before use.

2.1.2 Inorganic fertilizers are fertilizers made from chemical synthesis or natural ore processing, such as urea, calcium superphosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, etc. The fertilizer effect of inorganic fertilizer is fast, but the nutrient is simple, and the fertilizer effect is not long. Fertilizer is single, but if it is used alone for a long time, it will harden the basin soil and it is better to use it in conjunction with organic fertilizer.

2.2 rational fertilization

2.2.1 principles of fertilization

The principle of fertilization is timely and appropriate amount. Timely refers to flowers when needed to apply, if found that the color of flower leaves become light, or when the plant growth is weak, it is timely to apply fertilizer. Appropriate amount should be achieved at all times. Excessive fertilization will affect the growth and development of flowers. Too much nitrogen fertilizer, plants easy to grow, stems and leaves weak, affecting flowering and fruiting, and vulnerable to diseases and insect pests; too much phosphate fertilizer, will hinder the growth of flowers, affect flowering and fruiting; too much potash fertilizer, low plants, wrinkled brown leaves, and even wilt.

2.2.2 fertilization period

When growing rapidly in the seedling stage, more nitrogen and potassium fertilizer should be applied to make the stems and branches stout and the root system developed; before flowering and budding, more phosphate fertilizer should be applied to promote large flowers, beautiful color and full buds; spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate after color penetration and thanks can prevent falling flowers and buds; during flowering and early fruit setting, it is necessary to control fertilizer and water, otherwise it is easy to drop flowers and fruits.

2.2.3 fertilization season

The winter temperature is low, the plant growth is slow, most flowers grow in dormant or semi-dormant state, generally do not apply fertilizer. The spring and autumn season is the peak growing season, so more topdressing should be appropriate. High temperature in summer, rapid evaporation of water, exuberant growth of flowers, adhere to the principle of frequent application of thin fertilizer. The application of organic fertilizer must be fully ripened. The concentration of chemical fertilizer should not be too high to prevent flowers from "burning".

2.2.4 fertilization time

The fertilization time is different in different seasons. Fertilization should be applied in the evening in summer and around noon in winter. General fertilization can be applied before dry or rainy weather in sunny days, but not after rain and continuous rainy days; when the climate is warm and hot, it is not applied when the climate is hot or cold; when the climate is hot or cold, it is semi-dormant or dormant; when the basin soil is dry, it is not applied when it is wet; the old basin soil is applied more, but the new basin soil is applied less; the base fertilizer is applied less, and there is no base fertilizer or not enough.

2.2.5 fertilization according to the characteristics of flowers

Flowers dominated by foliage, such as pine, bamboo, orchid, etc., are mainly nitrogen fertilizer, which can promote the growth of branches and leaves and have a thick green color. Flowers that mainly watch flowers and enjoy fruits need more fertilizers. When growing branches and leaves, fertilizers based on nitrogen fertilizer are applied once or twice, and in the stages of flower bud differentiation, flower bud formation and growth before flowering, fertilizers based on phosphate fertilizer should be applied to make the flowers multiply and fruit luxuriantly. Generally speaking, for newly transplanted flowers with disease, do not apply fertilizer for the time being; it is best not to apply fertilizer to flowers in the flowering period, so as not to wither and fall the buds and flowers.

2.3 fertilization methods

2.3.1 Base fertilizer

The application of base fertilizer generally adopts two methods: one is to cultivate flowers after uniformly mixing the fertilizer with the cultivated soil (about 1:9) according to a certain proportion, which can not only improve the physical properties of the soil, but also supply the nutritional needs of the whole period of flower growth. The second is to put a little fertilizer on the pot, change the basin or turn the basin into the bottom of the basin, generally not more than the basin soil 1 big 10, and above to cover a layer of soil, and then plant flowers.

2.3.2 topdressing

Topdressing generally uses two methods: one is soil application, that is, fertilizer is applied directly into the soil. Topdressing liquid fertilizer should first be diluted and sprayed into the basin soil, while topdressing solid fertilizer can be evenly sprinkled on the surface of the basin soil, and then covered with a layer of soil. Pay attention to watering after fertilization to facilitate absorption. Second, foliar spraying, also known as extra-root topdressing, has the advantages of saving fertilizer and quick effect. It is usually used in the peak period of flower growth or when there is a lack of certain elements. Generally, inorganic fertilizers with a concentration of 0.1% to 0.5% are sprayed in the morning or evening when there is no wind, so as to make the leaves moist, the most commonly used are urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium superphosphate, ferrous sulfate and so on.

3. Control of common diseases and insect pests

3.1 Diseases

3.1.1 diagnosis and hazards

① powdery mildew. Diagnosis of powdery mildew: yellow transparent spots appeared on the leaf surface, and then gradually spread to the whole leaf. Powdery mildew spots appeared and the disease spots turned gray in the later stage. It mainly harms many kinds of flowers such as rose, rose, dahlia, chrysanthemum, peony, melon and leaf chrysanthemum, impatiens, wood and so on.

② anthrax. Diagnosis of anthracnose: yellow-brown sunken spots appeared on the leaves, and spread outward into dark brown patches, or irregular patches on the leaves, and the leaf tips dried up and spread downward continuously. In the later stage, there are black dots on the disease spot, which are often arranged in a round pattern, and the leaves die when the disease is serious. It mainly harms orchids, rubber trees, roses, cacti, peonies, jasmine, carnation, anemone and other flowers.

③ black spot. Diagnosis of black spot: nearly round or irregular black spots appeared on the damaged leaves, which gradually enlarged, and in severe cases, the leaves turned yellow, fell off, and even led to plant death. It mainly harms rose, rhododendron, camellia, cherry, elm leaf plum and other flowers.

3.1.2 Prevention and treatment

① agricultural control. Strengthen cultivation management, properly increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, enhance plant disease resistance, and should remove disease and fallen leaves as soon as possible, and incineration, clean the environment, reduce transmission media; pay attention to ventilation and light transmission.

② chemical control. Spraying 1 ∶ 1 ∶ 100 Bordeaux solution to protect the disease in the early stage of the disease; spraying antimicrobial agents 50% carbendazim, 50% carbendazim, 65% zinc, 75% chlorothalonil, 50% topiramate 500 times, 50% benzoate 1000 times in the early stage.

3.2 insect pests

3.2.1 aphids

Aphids, also known as greasy insects, can occur all the year round, mainly to harm three-leaf plum, chrysanthemum, pomegranate and so on. The leaves of the injured plants were curled and the branches and leaves turned yellow, resulting in a large number of leaves and flowers falling off, and in serious cases, the plants died quickly.

Control methods: soak red pepper 50g, 30g 50g of water for 24 hours, spray the damaged plants with its filtrate, the control effect is very good, or spray 40% dimethoate EC 2000 × 3000 times, 50% aphid pine, EC 1000 times 1 500 times or 80% dichlorvos EC 3000 times.

3.2.2 Red Spider

Red spiders, also known as fire dragon bugs, occur for many generations a year. It mainly harms the leaves and petals of wild elm, sparrow plum, five-needle pine and so on. The body of a red spider is the size of a needle, crimson or purple, and only red dots can be seen with the naked eye. The leaves of the injured plants turned green and the leaf edges rolled upward, resulting in scorching and shedding, causing the buds to atrophy in the early stage and die in severe cases.

Control method: soak citrus peel with 50g 0.5kg with water for 24 hours, spray the plant after filtration, or spray dicofol 1500 times or 40% omethoate 2000 times for control. When spraying, the leaf surface and back should be sprayed together for better effect.