In the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests of Prunus mandshurica, seven effective control methods / the right medicine is the key.

The disease resistance of elm leaf plum is very strong, it can survive in a relatively harsh environment, but its growth will be seriously hindered, because this environment is easy to cause diseases and insect pests, and the threat to elm leaf plum is very great. It will not only make the leaves withered and yellow and can not blossom, but also cause plant death, and today we will introduce the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests in order to avoid tragedies.

Prevention and Control of Diseases and insect pests of Prunus mume

After hundreds of years of planting, people have counted the common pests and diseases of Prunus elm, among which the diseases are mainly black spot, crown gall and leaf spot, while the pests are aphids, diamondback moth, leaf hopper, aromatic bark moth and so on. Control methods from these common diseases and insect pests to learn in detail.

Control of common diseases of Prunus mume

1. Crown gall disease

[features]: it usually appears in the root and aboveground part of the elm leaf plum. At the initial stage, the root appears a small round dark brown tubercle, then it will gradually become larger, crack, the color will become dark brown, and the interior of the tumor will be Lignification. Will cause the root to be destroyed.

[prevention]: the soil should be disinfected before ① planting, such as soaking with 0.5% potassium permanganate, then drying and then potting; which drug should be used to prevent and cure ② disease, such as spraying with 9-1400 times of 75% methyl topiramate wettable powder.

2. Black spot

[features]: generally appear on the leaves, at the beginning, the leaves will have reddish-brown or purple-brown dots, and then expand into dark black spots, and then there will be yellow halos around them, and in severe cases, there will be black efficacy points on the spots, and then cause the branches to die, which is the most common in the pest control of elm leaf plum.

[prevention]: when planting ①, varieties should choose those with strong disease resistance and strong growth, and pay attention to the sufficient light in the environment where Yuyemei is located; after the onset of ② disease, it should be treated with drugs in time, such as spraying with 85% Dysen zinc 400x solution and 75% chlorothalonil 600x solution.

3. Leaf spot

[features]: the leaves of Prunus mandshurica appear black and very colored disease spots, which are round at first, but will develop into irregular shape, the leaves will appear wrinkles, irregular black spots will appear on both sides, the leaves will be yellowed and curled, and finally fall off prematurely.

[prevention]: ① ambition to remove withered branches and diseased leaves in time to avoid overwintering in residual plants or soil; ② sprayed with 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder or 75% methyl thiophanate wettable powder to completely eliminate the diseased root.

The main insect pests of Prunus mume

1. Diamondback moth

[features]: usually day and night, August is the most harmful, and it feeds on the stems and leaves of elm leaf plum, and is very good at camouflage, also known as spicy seeds, etc., and hides in the soil layer under the tree for the winter.

[prevention]: ① should pay attention to turning the soil frequently to reduce the source of insects, keep the environment ventilated, and the air will not be too dry; after the onset of ② disease, spray with 1000 times of 50% malathion EC and 25% imidophos EC, pay attention to rash or pain in contact with diamondback moth, and be careful in prevention and treatment.

2. Aphids

[characteristics]: in the process of pest control of Prunus mume, aphids are the most common, and they will spread through the wind, so when aphids are found, they should be prevented as soon as possible to avoid harming other plants. When aphids appear, they make sticky secretions on the surface of leaves, and elm-leaf plums turn yellow and wilt because of aphids.

[control]: when ① finds aphids, it will cut off the yellowed branches and leaves and burn them centrally and manage them in the sun; ② sprays them with 900x of 12% omethoate emulsion or 1100-1600 times of Mala sulfur emulsion to completely eliminate pests.

3. Leaping cicada

[features]: also known as green leafhopper, it mainly feeds on the juice of elm leaf plum leaves. When leafhoppers appear, the leaves will fade from green, then curl deformities will appear, and finally the leaves will wither and die, while leafhoppers will jump to other branches and leaves to continue to do harm.

[control]: the eggs of ① leafhopper overwinter at low temperature and then hatch in April, so the whole plant can be sprayed with urea and aqueous solution in early spring; ②, when there are more adults, spray 2.5% trichlorfon powder or 2% leaf cicada powder.

4. Aromatic bark moth

[characteristics]: its adult is 24-40 mm long, and after hatching, the larvae will eat the phloem and cambium under the skin, and continue to damage in the xylem, resulting in the weakness of the growth of Prunus mandshurica.

[control]: before the ① temperature drops, brushing the trunk can prevent adults from laying eggs on the trunk, and then clean up the damaged branches to eliminate the source of insects; ② uses drug control, such as 50% dichlorvos EC 1500 times to kill larvae; 50% phoxim EC 1500 times to kill adults.

Control methods of Flower Diseases and insect pests

Control methods of Flower Diseases and insect pests

The prevention and control of diseases and insect pests in protected fields should carry out the principle of "prevention first and comprehensive control", strengthen artificial control on the basis of horticultural control, give full play to the control role of natural enemies, and carry out comprehensive control of diseases and insect pests combined with chemical control.

The main ways of prevention are as follows: (1) eliminate the source of diseases and insect pests or reduce the occurrence base of diseases and insect pests. For example, plant quarantine is an effective measure to prevent dangerous sexually transmitted diseases and insects from spreading along with seeds and seedlings. Lowering the occurrence base of diseases and insect pests refers to reducing the number of germs and pests overwintering; (2) worsening the environmental conditions for the occurrence and damage of diseases and insect pests is to create or make full use of conditions that are not conducive to diseases and insect pests; (3) to take timely and effective measures to eliminate diseases and insects before a large number of diseases and insects occur and cause significant harm. For example, the rational use of pesticides and the adoption of artificial and physical effective measures.

Comprehensive prevention and control is based on the prevention and control of agricultural technology, according to local and timely conditions, rational use of chemical control, biological control, physical and mechanical control and other measures, give full play to the positive role of various control methods, and make them combine organically and coordinate with each other.

Learn from each other to achieve the goal of economical, simple, safe and effective control and elimination of diseases and insect pests.

Take effective measures to protect flowers from pathogens and pests, control the number of pathogens and pests, improve environmental conditions, make them conducive to the growth and development of flowers, but not conducive to the survival and infection of pathogens and pests, and improve the resistance of flowers to diseases and pests. There are five specific prevention and control methods:

I. Plant quarantine

The frequent exchange and transportation of flower species and varieties between countries or regions has led to the spread of some diseases and insect pests and caused great losses to flower production. Liriomyza huidobrensis and Liriomyza huidobrensis, which are common in China, were introduced into China from abroad in 1994 because of lax quarantine, which caused great losses to the production of flowers and vegetables in our country. Therefore, blind introduction and adjustment should be avoided and quarantine laws and regulations should be strictly enforced.

Plant quarantine includes diseases, insects and weeds, which is a series of legal measures taken by the state to protect agricultural production from foreign dangerous venereal diseases, insects and weeds. According to the laws and regulations, the types of plant products that should be quarantined and the list of diseases, insects and weeds that are prohibited from carrying people and bringing out, quarantine objects are not allowed to be imported or exported, or can be exported or exported only after disinfection and elimination of quarantine objects, in case it spreads and becomes a disaster. Plant quarantine is an important part of the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests, especially when the contemporary means of transportation are very developed and constantly expand exchanges with foreign countries, it is particularly important to strengthen quarantine work. At the same time, the transfer of seeds, seedlings and other cultivation materials between various regions of the country should also be quarantined, and quarantine objects are strictly prohibited from entering new areas.

II. Prevention and treatment of horticulture

The prevention and control method of agricultural technology is to make use of a series of cultivation and management technical measures in the process of flower cultivation to change some environmental conditions purposefully, so that it is not conducive to the occurrence and development of diseases and insects, but is conducive to the growth and development of flowers, so as to avoid or reduce the occurrence of diseases and pests, so as to achieve the purpose of improving the quality of flowers. Since most agricultural measures themselves are a means of high yield of flowers and plants, and there is no need to increase extra manpower and material resources for the prevention and control of diseases and pests, they often kill many birds with one stone and meet the economic requirements. at the same time, agricultural prevention and control has no adverse side effects such as polluting the environment and killing natural enemies. The specific measures of the Agricultural Technology Prevention and Control Law are as follows:

1. Rational fertilization and scientific watering of organic manure should be fully mature. Before application, the pathogens should be mixed with

The pests are completely killed and the pests are prevented from laying eggs on the organic fertilizer after application. When applying inorganic fertilizer, the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium should be reasonable. Instead of partial application of nitrogen fertilizer, appropriate amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be applied, and formula fertilization should be advocated. Watering method should be appropriate, to avoid spray watering, it is best to adopt ditch irrigation or pouring along the edge of the basin. Water it in moderation. To choose a sunny morning watering, watering should be timely ventilation and dehumidification.

2. Keep the greenhouse and greenhouse clean and hygienic

It is necessary to timely remove the branches and leaves of diseased insects, pull out diseased plants, remove dead branches and fallen leaves, and thoroughly eradicate indoor and outdoor weeds so as to reduce the sources of diseases and insects. The sick and disabled body should be buried or burned.

3. Improve environmental conditions

Should be often ventilated, reduce humidity, in order to reduce the occurrence of high humidity diseases such as Botrytis cinerea on flowers. The planting density and the placement density of flowerpots should be suitable to facilitate ventilation and light transmission among plants and reduce the harm of oysters. Control the temperature well, don't turn hot and cold. Pay special attention to heat preservation in winter and spring, and cover the sunshade net in hot summer. Adjust the light intensity according to the needs of flower growth. Ventilation and cooling can control the development of a variety of diseases, while warm and stuffy shed can control the occurrence of low temperature diseases such as downy mildew.

4. Deep ploughing in winter

In the vast areas of our country, especially in the cold areas, flowers cultivated in open field play a significant role in eliminating pests in winter. Deep ploughing in winter can make most of the larvae, pupae and eggs lurking in the soil be frozen to death on the surface, or pecked by beneficial birds, and can also be artificially killed. Deep ploughing can bury the germs and stubble in the shallow soil into the deep soil layer and make it lose its vitality. at the same time, it can also turn the bacteria originally in the deeper soil layer to the ground and increase death due to the influence of other natural factors, such as light, temperature and humidity.

5. Deal with the injured plant

The residual and damaged plants of annual and biennial grass after flowering should be removed immediately or buried deeply in the soil; perennial roots and woody flowers should be removed and destroyed in time after withering or falling leaves in late autumn. This measure can also reduce the number of some germs and pests.

6. Weeding in time

Weeds not only compete with flowers for nutrients, affect ventilation and light transmission, and make plants grow poorly, but also weeds are breeding places for some germs and pests. Some viral diseases and pests often use weeds as hosts. Weeds are also places where some diseases and insects survive the winter. Therefore, timely removal of weeds is of great significance in the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests.

7. Timely pruning

Combined with flower and tree pruning, diseased buds, diseased branches and diseased roots can be cut off to reduce the number of pathogens, and at the same time, oversummer, overwintering eggs, larvae and adults can be eliminated, and the source of insects can be reduced.

8. Adjust the sowing date

The occurrence of many kinds of diseases and insect pests has a certain onset period and pest occurrence period due to the influence of temperature, humidity and other environmental conditions, and it is the most serious in a certain period, such as early or delayed sowing, we can avoid the disease period and occurrence period and reduce the damage. For example, the green chrysanthemum is the most vulnerable to melon damage at the seedling stage. If it can be sowed earlier, the degree of damage can be reduced. Adjusting the sowing or transplanting period has a certain control effect on pests that occur one generation a year, have a single diet and occur neatly.

9. Rational rotation

Continuous cropping with interstained flowers should be avoided as far as possible, so that pathogens and pests in the soil can not get suitable hosts, so as to reduce the number of pathogens and pests.

10. Scientific harvesting and post-harvest management of corms and other organs in the process of excavation, the wound should be reduced as much as possible, and the disease should be removed in time after digging.

The worm's bulb can be used in the cellar only after it has been fully dried. It causes trauma when digging, which is easy to cause all kinds of mold to invade people. Excessive temperature, high humidity and poor ventilation are the important causes of bulb rot in the storage site. Therefore, we should be careful when digging and try to reduce the wound. The storage cellar should be kept clean and hygiene. after entering the cellar, the pit temperature should be controlled at about 5 degrees Celsius and the relative humidity should be controlled below 70%.

11. Pay attention to the rational arrangement of flower species

According to the characteristics of flower species and site conditions, the flowers are arranged reasonably, so that the cultivated flowers are distributed orderly, dense and moderately, get proper space and proper sunlight, and are in the environment of air poplar, which is beneficial to the growth and development of flowers. it is not conducive to the occurrence of pathogens and pests.

12. Select the breeding materials of healthy disease-free insects

The occurrence of flower virus disease is common, and many breeding materials are infected with virus, so virus-free tissue culture seedlings should be used in production. It is best to establish a disease-free field, collect seeds on healthy mother plants or obtain breeding materials.

13. Breeding and cultivation of varieties resistant to diseases and insect pests

The cultivation of disease-resistant varieties and the cultivation of flowers with strong disease resistance can protect flowers from diseases and insect pests or reduce their harm degree. This is one of the important methods to effectively control flower diseases and insect pests.

III. Biological control law

Biological control is the use of natural enemies to control diseases and insect pests. Natural enemies are creatures that feed on pests or pathogens. Under natural conditions, natural enemies do not exist, controlling the harm of diseases and insect pests, especially insect pests. In the maintenance of flowers, we should consciously strengthen the role of natural enemies, such as the pruned branches with insects after a few days before burning, in order to protect parasitic natural enemies in the insect.

IV. Physical and mechanical prevention and treatment

1. Heat treatment of propagating materials

Soaking seeds or other breeding materials in water at a certain temperature can kill surface and internal pathogens and pests, but be sure to master the temperature and treatment time. Too high temperature and too long treatment time will affect the vitality of seeds and other reproductive materials.

2. Soil heat treatment

If possible, the soil can be treated with hot steam to kill germs, nematodes and pests in the soil. Soil heat treatment should be treated before planting, and the heated soil should reach a certain depth, with a soil temperature of 20 cm deep reaching 75 degrees Celsius.

3. Mechanical barrier

Covering agricultural film can not only block the transmission and spread of germs and pests to a certain extent, but also inhibit the formation of spores of Botrytis cinerea and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.

4. Trap and kill insects and nematodes

Use the tendency of insects and nematodes to control pests and nematodes. Such as trapping white whitefly adults with yellow board, killing leaf miner adults with fly trapping paper, and planting trapping plants to trap nematodes, so as to reduce its harm to flowers.

V. Chemical prevention and treatment

Chemical control is chemical control. The utility model has the advantages of good control effect, quick effect, simple use method and so on. But at the same time, it will also pollute the environment and cause drug damage, and germs and pests will develop drug resistance after long-term use. Chemical control is an important part of integrated pest control, but attention should be paid to the scientific use of pesticides.

1. Correct selection of pesticides

Understand the ability of pesticides and the object of protection, and prescribe the right medicine according to the types of diseases and insect pests. For example, the fungicide metalaxyl has a good control effect on downy mildew of all kinds of flowers, but it can not control powdery mildew. The insecticide aldicarb has a good control effect on most financial insects, but it has almost no effect on cotton aphid.

2. Rational selection of dosage forms

Dampness is beneficial to the occurrence of Botrytis cinerea, so the use of Sukeling smoke agent or dust agent has a better control effect on the disease. To control scale, we can apply internal absorption granule and irrigate internal absorption liquid underground to achieve the purpose of underground application to control aboveground pests.

3. Timely use of medicine

It is necessary to fully understand the law of the occurrence of diseases and insect pests, find out the weak links, and use drugs in time. For example, before sowing or transplanting flowers, disinfect the nursery and holding room, treat the soil and seed with chemicals, disinfect agricultural tools and containers such as flowerpots with disinfectants such as formalin. It is the best policy to keep diseases and insects out of the flower bed before doing harm. For example, the elimination of germs and pests on the overwintering host, or in the overwintering stage is a positive approach. For diseases, the favorable time to control is to eliminate the pathogen at the initial stage before it is infected, or before the next spore reproduction and spread. If the drug is applied prematurely, the power of the drug will decompose under the sun, rain and dew, and it will not play its due role; if it is applied too late, the germs will invade people and become "hindsight". To control pests, the drug resistance of different pests or different developmental stages of the same pest should be taken into account. For example, the general pest larvae take the 3rd instar as the dividing line, the drug resistance is poor before the 3rd instar, the drug resistance is significantly increased after the 3rd instar, and the drug resistance of the newly hatched larvae is the lowest. Generally speaking, the resistance of Coleoptera insects to insecticides is egg > pupa > larva > adult, so the favorable period for larval control is generally before the 3rd instar, and adult control is more favorable. However, the control of borer pests is different, generally should be in the peak spawning period.

4. Replacement and mixed use of medicament

Long-term single use of the same pesticide to control diseases and insect pests in the same area may lead to drug resistance in pathogens and pest populations. Therefore, it is advocated that different types of pesticides should be used alternately or mixed reasonably to avoid the emergence of drug resistance.

5. Safe use of drugs to avoid drug damage

Some flowers or some of their growth stages may be sensitive to certain chemicals. In this case, the pesticide should be used with caution. Even if it is not sensitive, it is necessary to strictly control the concentration and dosage, do not increase the concentration and dosage at will, in order to prevent drug damage. If the drug used is a new drug, the concentration and dosage test should be done in a small area first, and only after it is safe can it be used in a larger area. In addition, highly toxic pesticides should be used cautiously, while the use of residual pesticides that seriously pollute the environment and water sources should be restricted or prohibited.

(1) inappropriate dosage.

Too high concentration of pesticide often causes drug damage to flowers, which is the most likely to occur. In order to prevent the occurrence of drug damage, the concentration of the solution should be appropriate. Different pesticides are used on different diseases and insect pests and different kinds of flowers in different seasons, and the concentrations used are different, so they must be prepared strictly according to the concentration specified in the relevant pesticide manual.

(2) different species and varieties of flowers, or flowers of the same variety at different stages of development, have different responses to pesticides.

For example, Bordeaux liquid and other copper-containing fungicides are easy to cause drug damage to peaches and plums; dimethoate emulsions are easy to harm plum blossoms, elm leaves, peaches, peaches and peaches; dichlorvos emulsions are also prone to harm to rhododendron, rhododendron, plum blossoms and so on. The same kind of flowers, generally speaking, young seedlings, tender shoots, tender leaves are easy to produce drug damage. Flowering is more sensitive to chemicals, so spraying during flowering is easy to cause falling flowers and fruits.

(3) the influence of environmental conditions.

The effect of pesticide application at high temperature is good, but if the temperature is too high, it is easy to cause drug damage. For example, the use of stone mixture in summer temperature (more than 30 degrees Celsius), it is very easy to produce drug damage. The effect of humidity on some agents is also obvious, such as arsenic and Bordeaux solution are prone to drug damage under rainy and high humidity conditions. Therefore, the application of medicine should depend on the weather and be used flexibly.

The toxicity of ① to natural enemies after the application of many broad-spectrum pesticides, not only the pests and germs were killed, but also the natural enemies of pests were killed, thus causing the pests to become rampant again. The way to solve it:

Use selective agents. Such as acarate, triclofenac, etc., have no effect on general insect natural enemies (such as ladybugs, aphid flies, predatory mites, Trichogramma, etc.), so using this kind of acaricide to control mites is very safe to natural enemies. Trichlorfon has little toxicity to ladybug, its larvae and eggs, and is safe to parasitoids and cocoon wasps. For example, the lethality of botanical pesticides to natural enemies is mostly small. The application of tobacco water is safe to ladybugs, blind bugs, lacewings, predatory mites, parasitic wasps and so on. Fish rattan essence has little effect on lady beetle adults and parasitic natural enemies.

Choose the appropriate period of application. For example, when parasitic wasps are still in the host, they only kill pests. For example, before the artificial release of natural enemies, the agent with short residual period should be applied, and the natural enemies should be released artificially after the poison effect disappears.

The toxicity of ② to human beings most pesticides have large or small toxicity to human beings and animals, so we must pay attention to the safety of human beings and animals. Before application, on the one hand, we should learn and master the toxicity and matters needing attention of various pesticides, on the other hand, we should do a good job of protection. Do not apply the original medicine or potion to the skin. If you do, rinse immediately with soapy water. Put on a mask when spraying, spray downwind to prevent the liquid from splashing on your face and inhaling poison gas, and do not wipe your eyes when shoving. Wash the tools immediately after use and take good care of them. Wash your hands with soap after each application, just in case. If there are inadvertent symptoms of poisoning, detoxification measures should be taken immediately and sent to the hospital as soon as possible if necessary.

Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests of garden trees in January

1. Climate characteristics in January: dry and cold, little or no rain, foggy. Warm winter is beneficial to overwintering and breeding of diseases and insect pests.

2. The occurrence of diseases and insect pests in this month: the main affected varieties in this month are fine-leaf banyan thrips, yellow banyan hanging filariae, scale insects, safflower, white orchid aphids and scale insects. Crape myrtle heart borer. Willow canker.

3. The main diseases and insect pests in January and their control methods: there are aphids, thrips, scale insects, heart borer, powdery mildew, brown spot and so on. The control methods can be sprayed with 800 times of omethoate plus dichlorvos and topiramine. The heart borer can be poisoned with omethoate and water 5 to 10 times, and the damaged branches can be cut off and burned in a safe place.

4. Key points of cultivation and management: winter pruning: comprehensive pruning of deciduous trees; pruning of withered branches, damaged branches, disease and insect branches on large and small trees. This month to wet and moisturize, loosen the soil and clear the garden. Cut off dead branches and dead trees in time.

5. Do a good job in sanitation and cleaning and remove garbage in time.

6. For the scale insects which are difficult to control, the 1000-fold solution of killing scale can be used to control the scale insects, and many kinds of insect pests can be controlled at the same time.

February

February: the temperature is higher than the previous month, and the trees are still dormant.

1. The maintenance is basically the same as in January.

2. Pruning: continue pruning the dead and diseased branches of Platanus acerifolia and large and small trees. Trim all kinds of trees before the end of the month.

3. Pest control: continue to control diamondback moth and scale insects.

March

In March, the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests should be mainly aimed at the overwintering generation.

1. Warm winter will increase the activity of overwintering larvae of insect pests. The control of overwintering pests should be one of the key points of pest control in March. Among the pests that overwinter with mature larvae, the following two kinds of pests should be paid attention to:

1. Plutella xylostella overwinters as mature larvae in the sac, mainly in camphor, cherry blossoms, cypresses, sweet-scented osmanthus and other trees. when the overwintering ends in March, it will begin to harm the tree leaves and pupate at the end of March. Therefore, the insect cyst should be removed at the beginning of March.

2. Beetles, overwintering as larvae (grubs) in the soil, are mainly distributed in cover plants such as Ophiopogon japonicus, onion orchid and lawn rhizosphere soil. The damage will begin in March and pupate from April to May, so it should be combined with ploughing and turning the soil to reduce the cardinal number. it is very good for follow-up control. Ground damage level can be used for prevention and control.

Another focus of prevention and control in February and March should be on the prevention and control of aphids. The rise in temperature in March will lead to mass breeding of aphids. It has been found that aphids are harmful to a variety of plants, such as coral, big-leaf yellow poplar, firethorn, Haitong, red-leaf plum, peach and so on. All conservation units should pay close attention to prevention and control to avoid unnecessary losses. The control can be sprayed with imidacloprid (once clean) or pyrethrin (not too often used and easy to produce drug resistance).

Third, due to the temperature, the overwintering larvae of the yellow poplar silk wild borer do not begin to feed, but there are sporadic occurrence and different instar periods, and the activity increases at the beginning of March, so it should be controlled as soon as possible to prevent the outbreak of the next generation. It is expected that the first generation will occur at the end of March. Attention should be paid to observation and timely prevention and control. Spray of pyrethroids and BT insecticides are available for prevention and control.

Fourth, powdery mildew, powdery mildew can infect the seedlings of woody flowers such as rose and rose. The disease mainly occurs in leaves and also harms tender stems, flowers and fruits. There are also sporadic phenomena in the narrow leaves of the top ten and big leaves of Populus tomentosa. With the rise of temperature, there is a great possibility of occurrence. 1000-1500 times liquid of Penicillium or 1500-2000 times liquid of Tianwei No. 3 can be sprayed every 10-15 days for 2-3 times in a row, and combined with pruning to cut off the branches and leaves of diseases and insects.

April

April is the key month for the prevention and control of garden plant diseases and insect pests, which should be closely observed and carefully controlled during the appropriate period.

Leaf-eating pests in January and April:

The main results are as follows: (1) the yellow poplar silk wild borer entered the peak period in late April, when the leaves were eaten up and the whole plant was withered and yellow. 2500 diflubenzuron can be used in the early stage, and 1000 times omethoate EC can be used to control the aged larvae.

(2) Beetles: adults can be killed by shaking them down from the tree, or trapped by black light.

(3) American white moth: in the middle of April, the overwintering generation of American white moth adults emerged, which can be caught and controlled manually.

(4) Spodoptera litura: in late April, the first generation of larvae of Robinia pseudoacacia began to damage, so we should seize the best time to spray carbamide and so on.

Stem borer in February and April

In April, stem borers began to harm activities, mainly rust-colored longicorn beetles, bare-shouldered longicorn beetles, stink trench orbital elephants, etc., in addition to artificial injection, the habits of different pests should be controlled. A moth can be used in advance to prevent trees from being pest-free for half a year.

Piercing and sucking pests in March and April

1. Aphids: peach aphid, rose long tube aphid, willow black hair aphid, polymorphic aphid, cotton aphid and so on. The preferred insecticide for aphid control is 1.2% nicotinine emulsion 800ml 1000 times, others can choose 40% omethoate EC 1000 times, imidacloprid 2000 times, and so on. Pay attention to peach trees and other Rosaceae plants with caution in the use of organophosphorus pesticides to prevent drug damage.

two。 Grass scale, peach scale and other scale species began to do harm, the main control methods are smearing poison ring, but also can choose some special scale control drugs such as killing scale to control.

3. The spotted wax cicada began to hatch in the last ten days, and groups of small nymphs concentrated on the twigs, so we should seize the favorable opportunity to control it, and 1000 pyrethroids can be used.

In addition, in the middle of April, we should do a good job of burying granules to control prickly sucking pests such as leaf mites.

Underground pests in April and April

Attention should be paid to the prevention and control of grubs. 1000 times 50% phoxim EC can be used to spray or spread the ground.

Diseases in May and April

In this month, some diseases are in the initial infection stage, such as big leaf yellow poplar powdery mildew, rose black spot and so on. The key control object in this period is the rot disease of various tree species, and the main control method is to strengthen fertilizer and water management and apply chemical control.

May

In May, the climate has gradually warmed up, and the occurrence of some flower diseases and insect pests has also increased. The prevention and control methods of several serious diseases and insect pests are introduced as follows:

First, aphids. Also known as greasy worms. Hibiscus, green peach, mulberry, rose, honeysuckle, oleander, chrysanthemum and so on are vulnerable to aphids. The insect occurs for many generations a year, overwinters with eggs on plant branches, produces winged aphids from April to May of the following year, and flies to hosts such as chrysanthemum and mulberry to absorb sap. Winged migratory aphids are produced in late autumn and October, which migrates from summer hosts to winter hosts to produce sexual wingless female aphids and male aphids from other places to mate and lay eggs to survive the winter. Prevention and control methods: ① protection and utilization of natural enemies. In addition to the natural enemies that exist in nature should be protected, some ladybugs and lacewings can be released in time after artificial breeding. ② chemical control. Try to use as few universal insecticides as possible, and choose internal absorption insecticides that do less damage to natural enemies. The insecticides for the control of garden plants can be sprayed with low toxic insecticides such as imidacloprid and acetamiprid.

Second, scale insects. Also known as flower lice. The harm is more serious in evergreen, palm, Luohan pine, Magnolia, rose, yellow poplar, Haitong and other plants.

Third, blight. The disease mainly harms pine, fir, begonia, ginkgo, poplar, poinsettia and other plants. Usually seed bud rot shows lack of seedlings on the ground before being unearthed; waterlogged brown spots appear at the base of the rhizome before Lignification; and brown mycelium and small soil granular sclerotia are found in the diseased part under wet conditions. When the temperature is more than 20 degrees Celsius, flowers, seedlings and some flowers with rotten roots newly sown or sown by the Beginning of Autumn are extremely prone to bacterial blight if the soil moisture is high. Control methods: before sowing ①, soil disinfection with dimethazone and pentachloronitrobenzene had outstanding control effect; ② controlled watering in the young stage of seedlings so as not to make the soil too wet. When diseased seedlings were first found in ③, ammonium solution was irrigated or carbendazim or carbendazim spray was used for 1-2 times.

Fourth, powdery mildew. The disease can harm many plants and flowers, such as turfgrass, rose, purple magnolia, big-leaf yellow poplar, impatiens and yellow pear. Mainly occurs on the leaves, both sides of the leaves are covered with white powder, so that the leaves wrinkle, the disease spot is light yellow, irregular, in the later stage, there are many black spots on the leaf surface, that is, the ascomycetes of the pathogen. Prevention and cure methods: ① cultivation, maintenance and prevention, pay attention to the ventilation and light transmission of flowers, carry out appropriate pruning to reduce the ladder of infection, avoid hot and humid environment, and reduce foliar water. To eliminate powdery mildew caused by ②, the pathogenic powdery mildew usually falls into the ground or surface soil with diseased leaves, and clears the diseased leaves in time, turns the soil and covers the sterile soil under the plant, in order to reduce the source of primary infection, ③ applies less nitrogen fertilizer and more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer; in the initial infection stage of ④, it is sprayed with fungicides such as triadimefon (triadimefon), diniconazole and other fungicides.

June

The hot and humid weather in June is very suitable for the occurrence of diseases and insect pests. Some stinging garden pests will continue to harm, and other pests have already occurred in the first generation. We should seize the opportunity to focus on prevention and control.

1. American white moth: in recent years, American white moth has caused serious damage to trees in the north, and many areas have begun to deploy the prevention and control of white moth in April. At the end of May and the beginning of June, the adults of the American white moth can still be seen to copulate and lay eggs. At present, a large number of larvae hatch and form a primary net curtain, and most of the larvae are 1-2 instar. In this period, 6000-fold solution of diflubenzuron should be sprayed to control larvae, combined with artificial removal of net screen to kill larvae.

2. Spodoptera litura: at the beginning of June, the larvae of the first generation of Spodoptera litura have reached the 3rd instar and are about to enter the period of overeating. In this period, 3000 times of diflubenzuron can still be sprayed, and 1.2% bitter tobacco EC (nicotine) 1000-1500 times can also be sprayed for prevention and control.

3. Other leaf-eating pests: at present, the leaf-eating pests that are endangering in the northern region are: Poplar boat moth, willow poison moth, coir moth, dance poison moth, light sword armyworm, yellow poplar silk borer, etc. Attention should be paid to inspection and control. Contact insecticide and fumigant should be used to control leaf-eating pests in this period.

4. Grass scale: in recent years, more and more areas of grass scale have occurred in the north, and the situation is grim. The insect can be transported by seedlings (especially with soil platform) and transmitted artificially or by means of wind. The clean-up worms are not killed, and random dumping is also one of the ways of transmission.

According to the investigation, it is found that in early June, female adults of paramecium have begun to go down to trees to find sites for overwintering and oversummer to lay eggs. However, there are still some worms that continue to harm the branches. In this period, in addition to spraying contact insecticides to control female insects in vitro, manpower should be organized to remove the females under the trees and on the walls to lay eggs, so as to reduce the number of overwintering females. During this period, strapping grass can also be trapped and killed, and the grass will be released and burned after all the grass is under the tree.

5. Crape myrtle scale: a crape myrtle scale occurring on pomegranate and crape myrtle, when a large number of eggs are in the egg sac, and the eggs can hatch at the beginning of June. It can be prevented and treated by artificial curettage of oocysts.

6. Scale insects such as Huai Jian scale, Shaliyuan brown ball scale, Euonymus sagitta shield scale, tumor big ball scale, locust flower ball scale and other scale insects: the nymphs of the above scale insects are in the initial incubation period in early June, so we should take time to check them. Once you see the newly hatched nymphs crawling on the branches and leaves, it can be sprayed and controlled. It is better to spray 1000-fold solution of killing scale and 1000-fold solution of 1.2% bitter tobacco EC (nicotine). After the newly hatched nymphs begin to wax, spray 1000-1500-fold solution or 2000-fold solution of imidacloprid wettable powder. You can use a chemical with special effects on shell insects to kill scale 800Mak 1000 times or kill 800Mel 1000 times quickly.

7. Planthopper: three kinds of planthopper, that is, acacia, Gleditsia and Qingtong planthopper, which often occur in northern China, all occurred in early June. 1.2% bitter tobacco EC (nicotine) 1000 times or 10% imidacloprid 2000 times should be sprayed to control. The prevention and control of the pest should be based on the principle of controlling early and small, otherwise it will cause deciduous coal pollution, affect the landscape and environmental pollution in the later stage.

8. Aphids: aphids occurred on flowering shrubs in June, the more serious aphids were peach powder aphid, spiraea chrysanthemum aphid, cotton aphid, and peach tumor aphid. Polymorphic hairy aphids, willow black hairy aphids, poplar hairy aphids, locust aphids, and individual maple polymorphic hairy aphids are more serious in trees. Chemical control should be done in this period, and 1.2% bitter tobacco EC (nicotine) 1000 times, 10% imidacloprid 2000 times or mifenac 1000-1500 times can be used.

9. Red spider: Hawthorn spider mite, which is seriously harmful to flowering shrubs such as Xifu begonia, green peach, purple leaf plum and so on. We should seize the opportunity to kill it at the beginning of June, otherwise it will cause paste leaves and fallen leaves. Red spiders have occurred seriously on trees in recent years, including Toona sinensis, Sophora japonica, Robinia pseudoacacia, white wax, silk cotton, neem, mulberry, elm, willow and poplar. This year, emphasis should be placed on the prevention and control of red spiders. 1.8% avermectin 6000 times solution can be used for prevention and treatment.

10. Bare-shouldered longicorn beetles: bare-shouldered longicorn beetles will begin to emerge in late May. Once a new Eclosion hole is found, chemical control of adults can begin. Spray green Weilei 200-300 times liquid, mainly spray branches. Adults have a large amount of Eclosion and a large amount of nutrition, and 1000 times liquid 1.2% bitter tobacco EC (nicotine) can be sprayed on the crown and new branches when damaging new branches. At present, injecting chemicals should be used to control the larvae that continue to harm.

11. Bark moth: there will be adult Eclosion in early June. At present, some larvae are still harmful to the xylem, so insecticides should be injected to control them.

12. The orbital elephant in the trench: the larvae of the trench can be harmed, which can be controlled by injection. Adults can be controlled by spraying 200-300 times of green Weilei solution.

July

July: the temperature is the highest, and there will be strong winds and heavy rain after the middle of the year.

1. Transplant evergreen trees: during the rainy season, conifers and bamboos can be transplanted with sufficient water, but pay attention to weather changes and water them in time once they encounter high temperature.

2. Drainage: drainage should be done in time after heavy rain.

3. Topdressing: dry application of quick-acting fertilizer such as nitrogen fertilizer before rain.

4. Street trees: carry out anti-Taiwan peeling and pruning, trim all branches that are in contradiction with electric wires, and check the stumps one by one, and immediately straighten and tie them up when they are found to be loose and unstable. Prepare the labor organization, materials, tools and equipment in advance, and send someone to inspect it at any time to deal with the dangerous situation in time.

5. control of diseases and insect pests: continue to control longicorn beetles and diamondback moths. To control longicorn beetles, 50% fenitrothion 1:50 liquid injection can be used to control longicorn beetles, (or Guoshubao, or Yuanke No. 3), and then seal the hole, which can also achieve good results. Cinnamomum camphor nest borer should be cut off in time and the nest should be destroyed so as to avoid further harm.

August

The main results are as follows: 1. The weeds in all kinds of green space still breed heavily, which slows down in the last ten days, but the proportion of seed-bearing weeds increases, and weeding can not be relaxed.

2. The overgrown branches of some flowering shrubs should be pruned properly to ensure luxuriant autumn shoots.

3. The following 10 kinds of plants (ginkgo, persimmon, cherry blossom, clove, green peach, albizzia, elm plum, five-pointed maple, Robinia pseudoacacia, cedar) in each green space, especially the newly built green space, still need to pay close attention to drainage and silting to strengthen water seepage and ventilation.

4. The shading net of evergreen trees and large trees in the new green space (road) should not be removed in haste for the time being, and the "three strong" climate (strong radiation, strong light, strong transpiration) in August is still obvious.

[major diseases]

1. Powdery mildew

Targets: Fufang vine, big leaf boxwood, rose.

Prevention and treatment: 20% triadimefon 1000-1500 times solution.

2. Leaf blight

Damage targets: all kinds of flowering shrubs and cold lawns.

Prevention and treatment: 1200 times of thiophanate methyl + 50% chlorothalonil.

3. Pythium

Harm object: lawn, ground cover grass flowers (petunia, etc.).

Prevention and treatment: spray 40% metalaxyl 800 anthracene 500-600 times or 50% Ruidu manganese zinc 500-600 times.

[major insect pests]

1. Yellow poplar silk borer

Host: lobular yellow poplar, melon seed yellow poplar, sparrow tongue boxwood.

Occurrence regularity: three generations a year, from late July to August (the second generation larvae of the same year). If the drought persists, the high temperature after the rain will cause the damage to become more serious.

Prevention and treatment:

① combined with pruning to remove larvae damaged by sticky leaves

② spray to kill larvae

A, the first choice of pollution-free pesticide: thiazuron No. 3 1000mi 1500 times solution

B, the second choice of low toxic agents: 1.2% nicotine EC 800Mel 1000 times, or 2.5% deltamethrin 1500Mel 2000 times.

C, other medicament: 40% Lexben 1500 times liquid, or 40% monocrotophos 1500 Mel 2000 times solution.

2. Locust inchworm

Host: Robinia pseudoacacia, Robinia pseudoacacia (Robinia pseudoacacia)

Occurrence regularity: 4 generations a year, overwintering as pupae in shallow soil. In the middle of April, the adults emerged and the eggs were laid on the front of the leaves in flakes. Larvae were damaged from early May to early October, and the generations overlapped. Generally speaking, the damage is more serious in the first and second ten days of May, the middle and last ten days of June, the middle and last ten days of August, and the first and middle part of September. The damage is serious in the period of drought and little rain, and light in the period of continuous overcast and heavy rain, and the larvae droop after being frightened, so it is also known as "hanging ghost".

Prevention and treatment:

① killing larvae

A, the preferred agent: 20% thiazuron 1 5000 ml 8000 times, or thiazuron 3 1500 times

B, the second choice agent: Bt emulsion 500ml 600x, or 1.2% nicotinine EC 800m 1000x

C, other medicament: 2.5% Deltamethrin vinegar 1500 Mel 2000 times.

In winter, ② digs pupae in the wall cracks under the Robinia pseudoacacia tree and in the surrounding shallow soil layer, which is very effective in reducing the overwintering insect population density.

3. Orbital elephant of Toona sinensis groove

Host: Toona sinensis, Toona sinensis, Toona sinensis

Occurrence regularity: two generations a year, overwintering with larvae or adults in tree trunks or soil. In the following year, the overwintering larvae pupated from late April to the first and middle of May, the adults emerged from June to July, and the emergence peak period was in July. The damage to the larvae began in the middle and last ten days of April, and the damage period was from the middle of April to the middle of May when the overwintering larvae stung in the following year. The larvae hatched in the same year from late July to mid-late August are the peak period of damage. The insect states are overlapping and irregular, and adults occur up to October. The adult has pseudo-death, and after Eclosion, it needs supplementary nutrition to feed on tender shoots, leaves, petioles, etc., the adult begins to lay eggs in about 1 month, the egg period is 7 mi 10 days, the first half of the larval incubation period begins in the first and middle of May, and the second half of the year begins from late August to early September. After hatching, the larvae first feed on the phloem under the tree epidermis, and then drill into the xylem to continue the damage. The wormhole is round and pupates in the xylem tunnel after ripening. The pupal period is 10 Mel 15 days. Injured trees often have the phenomenon of glue flow. There is also a "trench eye elephant" associated with this worm.

The newly transplanted Toona sinensis, Toona sinensis and Toona sinensis are particularly vulnerable to this insect because of their weak growth in the slow seedling stage.

4. Crape myrtle scale

Host: Bairihong, pomegranate, privet

Occurrence regularity: the second generation nymph occurred and was the peak period from August to September.

Control: ① protects natural enemies: ladybugs, lacewings, aphid wasps, jumping wasps; ② winter brush or spray Baomei 5 degrees of stone sulfur mixture; ③ for the damage period: root burying "ground damage flat" (1.5-3.0g/) or spraying 40% speed to kill 1500-2000 times or 25% wax scale 1000-1500 times.

5. Meadow borer

Host: lawn

Prevention and control: trichlorfon, deltamethrin or dimethrin can be used to control.

In addition, red spiders, lawn armyworm and so on still occur, continue to control.

September

1. Attention should be paid to the tending and management of all kinds of plants in the garden, especially in the autumn drought period and the late flowering period, so as to lay a good foundation for strengthening the growth potential of plants in autumn and nutrient storage in the dormant period.

two。 September is the peak of the occurrence and damage of diseases and insect pests in autumn. we should pay close attention to timely prevention and control so as to reduce the density of all kinds of diseases and insect pests to the maximum extent.

3. Do a good job in greening, maintenance and sanitary cleaning of parks, roads, squares and construction sites.

[major diseases]

1. Lawn spot blight

Symptoms: withered patches of different sizes appeared in the lawn, the grass turned green and turned withered yellow, the root, crown and neck of the grass were dark brown, the outer cortex of the vascular bundle rotted and the whole plant died.

Prevention and control methods:

① 64% poisonous alum 600700 times; ② 70% mancozeb 500600 times; ③ 50% carbendazim 500600 times; ④ 90% ethyl phosphate aluminum 500600 times.

2. Brown spot of lawn (Rhizoctonia solani)

Symptoms: infect the leaves, sheaths and stems of lawn plants, causing leaf rot, sheath rot and stem base rot. The leaves of a single plant have 5-50mm long brown fusiform or long stripe disease spots, initially bluish gray, then dark brown, and in severe cases, the disease spots circle around the stem. The whole leaf rotted like water stains, and the tillers of diseased plants withered and died. The lawn showed a near-round withered grass spot of 1Mel 2m, a "smoke ring" when it was warm and wet, and then turned green in the center, surrounded by withered yellow "frog eyes".

Prevention and control: ① 70% mancozeb 500600 times; ② 70% methyl thiophanate 600,700 times; ③ 50% carbendazim 500,600 times; ④ 72.2% Purek water agent 800x + 50% thiram 800x spray.

3. Black spot of rose

Control method: spray 80% Dyson zinc 600 times solution or 50% carbendazim 500 color 600 times solution.

4. Brown spot of cherry blossoms

Control method: spray 58% Ruidu Manganese Zinc 500 times or 50% plus Ruinong 1000 times.

5. Wilt of Euonymus tomentosa

Prevention and control method: irrigate 50% Dysen zinc wettable powder 500 times.

[major insect pests]

1. Apple palm moth: commonly known as boat caterpillar

Host: Elm leaf plum, begonia, cherry blossom, cherry, peach, elm, papaya and other plants.

Rule: one generation a year, adult Eclosion in July, larvae hatching from August to October. At the end of autumn, it is buried and pupated over the winter. The 5th instar larvae are harmful to clusters, silking sagging and pseudo-death habits. they feed day and night and eat a lot of food, which can eat up the whole branch or even the whole leaves overnight.

Prevention and treatment: ① sprayed more than 10% Noble suspension 1500Mel 2000 times, ② sprayed 2.5% deltamethrin emulsion 1000Mel 1500 times, ③ sprayed 20% chrysanthemum EC 1500Mel 2000 times.

2. Diamondback moth

Host: in addition to the general damage to Rosaceae plants, it also harms more than 100 species of plants, such as Fatong, walnut, jujube, persimmon, pomegranate, white wax, mulberry and so on.

Law: the worm produces one generation a year, the adults Eclosion in July, the larvae hatch from August to October, and feed exclusively on leaves, initially reticulate, then notched and holes, until the leaves are eaten.

Prevention and treatment: ① sprays 20% diflubenzuron 5000 Mel 6000 times, or diflubenzuron 3 suspension 2000 Mel 2500x; ② sprays Bt emulsion 500x; ③ sprays 2.5% deltamethrin 1000Mel 1500 times, or 20% chrysanthemum EC 1500m 2000 times, or 10% Dolabo 1000 times suspension, or Sulipo suspension 800ml 1000 times. ④ protects natural enemies Ji Bee, wide-shouldered Xiaofeng, assassin bugs and mantis.

3. Aromatic bark moth

Prevention and control: as the larvae climb out of the tree hole in late September to make cocoons overwintering, you can sprinkle a circle of "insecticide" powder on the surface of the soil at the base of the tree trunk to poison the soil larvae (but pay attention to environmental safety and do not let poultry, pigeons and pets get involved in poisoning).

4. Japanese tortoise wax scale

Hosts: Fatong, Populus tomentosa, etc.

Prevention and treatment: spray 40% speed culling 1000ml 1500 times liquid.

5. Other

(1) all kinds of longicorn beetle larvae

September is another peak for most longicorn beetle larvae, and there are generally two types of damage:

① superficial damage-the larvae hatched in the same year are damaged by drilling in the phloem, there are no obvious fecal holes on the tree surface, and there are no fecal debris on the ground.

Deep damage caused by ②-larvae hatched last year or the year before last are damaged by drilling in the xylem, with obvious excretion holes in the tree trunk, dung debris deposited outside the holes or wood filaments scattered on the ground.

Prevention and control: 40% monocrotophos with strong internal absorption can be brushed on the trunk of the tree, and the deep harmful larvae can remove the fecal debris from the defecation hole, plug the "zinc phosphide" poison label, seal it with slime, form a closed "gas chamber", and kill the larvae with the pervasive "phosphine" gas emitted inside the tree trunk after dampness.

(2) Leaf-eating pests: the fourth generation larvae of Robinia pseudoacacia inchworm, poplar withered leaf moth larvae, moth larvae and so on.

Prevention and treatment: spray urea No. 3 suspension 2000Mel 2500x, or Bt emulsion 500x, or 2.5% deltamethrin 1500Mel 2000 times.

(3) prick-sucking pests: red spiders, scale insects, thrips, whitefly, aphids and so on.

Control: spray ① 15% acaridin 1000Mel 1500 times (red spider); ② 40% speed kill 1500Mel 2000 times (scale insects); ③ 20% buprofezin 1000mi 1500 times (whitefly, wood lice); ④ 10% imidacloprid 1000Mel 2000 times (whiteflies, aphids); ⑤ 1.2% nicotinine EC 800ml 1000 times (thrips, aphids).

For the control of piercing sucker pests, no matter whether the injured plants are trees, flower shrubs, grass flowers, potted flowers or perennial flowers, burying the original drug "Tiemiake" with 3-5g/ powder in soil, or using 2 ml 3 grams per centimeter according to breast diameter, the effect is better and the effect is long.

October

Recently, the temperature has dropped significantly, and various diseases and insect pests on garden plants have been reduced, but some diseases and insect pests will continue to be harmed. This month, the focus of prevention and control should be on aphids and leafhoppers.

Now make some predictions about the diseases and insect pests that will occur in the near future. Aphid autumn is the second season for mass breeding of aphids. In September, a variety of plants in various green spaces in the city were found, and there was an upward trend. In October, attention should be paid to prevention and control to prevent a large number of plants from happening. You can use 10% imidacloprid (aphids once clean) 1500ml 2000 times liquid and other chemical spray control.

Leafhopper

Leafhoppers, small green leafhoppers and other leafhoppers in various green spaces do serious harm to green peaches, plum blossoms, cherry blossoms and other garden plants, resulting in pale leaves, early defoliation, and transmission of virus diseases. Leafhoppers will spawn in the middle and last ten days of October and should be controlled in time to reduce the source of overwintering insects. 10% imidacloprid (aphid once net) 1500Mel 2000 times or 20% fenvalerate 3000Mel 4000 times can be used for control.

Large coir moth (bark worm)

In June this year, the damage of the small coir moth on camphor is more serious, and the harm time of the big coir moth is later than that of the small coir moth, which will last through the winter with mature larvae until October. The smaller coir moth has no branchlets on the sac, and many camphor trees are damaged in various green spaces and street trees. Attention should be paid to early control, BT or trichlorfon spray should be used, and the spray must be sprayed through the insect capsule.

In October, we should also pay attention to the harm of diseases and pests such as Plutella xylostella, Spodoptera litura and lawn rust, and remove the overwintering eggs and pupae from the branches so as to reduce the source of overwintering insects in the coming year.

November

First, clean the garden: the pathogens (bacteria) or overwintering eggs of most garden diseases and insect pests survive the winter in the litter or weeds in the garden and come out when the conditions are suitable in the coming year. Therefore, the thorough removal and destruction of litter and weeds in the garden in winter and the improvement of sanitary conditions can greatly reduce the sources of diseases and insect pests.

Second, cut off the branches and leaves of diseased insects: winter pruning is one of the important links in garden management. Combined with winter pruning, emphasis is placed on cutting off the branches and leaves of diseased insects. The cut branches and leaves of diseases and insects should be cleaned in time and transported out of the garden for centralized treatment. The branches and leaves of all paulownia plants were rebuilt, and all 1-2-year-old branches were removed. For branches and leaves that are about to be cut off or have been cut off, insecticides with universality, low toxicity, high permeability and high insecticidal efficiency are sprayed on the branches and leaves with 100 times of 16% nematode clear liquid, so as to prevent the emergence and migration of pests. Concentrate the branches and leaves sprayed with insecticides in the nearest open place, spray an appropriate amount of diesel oil and burn them; in places that are not suitable for fire, encapsulate the branches and leaves with plastic bags to suffocate the insects.

Third, whitening branches: whitening branches can not only effectively prevent frost damage of trees in winter, improve the disease resistance of trees, but also destroy the overwintering places of diseases and pests, playing the dual role of both anti-freezing and killing insects. The preparation method of whitening agent is as follows: 3 parts of quicklime, 0.5 parts of sulfur, 0.5 parts of salt and proper amount of white latex. First use hydration to open the lime, filter out the gravel, make lime milk, then add latex, then add enough water, finally add sulfur and salt, stir evenly.

4. Deep ploughing in winter: deep ploughing in winter can cause mechanical damage to underground pests lurking in the soil, and after exposure to the surface, they can be pecked by natural enemies such as birds, and artificial hunting can be carried out if necessary. In addition, deep ploughing buried the pathogens on the surface of the soil into the deep soil layer, and the pathogens in the deep soil layer were turned to the ground, which destroyed the suitable environment of diseases and pests and effectively controlled the occurrence of diseases and insect pests.

V. Pesticide control

(1) Common diseases and insect pests that are still causing harm in winter

Although most flower diseases and insect pests enter the overwintering (or dormant) state in winter, due to the influence of abnormal climate in warm winter and the strong adaptability of some pest species, there are still some plant diseases and insect pests that continue to be active in winter, harming garden plants. The main diseases and insect pests that can harm garden plants in winter in our city are gray silkworm moth, some shell insects, some aphids, black whitefly, banyan thrips, termites, longicorn beetles, soot, sweet-scented osmanthus, etc. In time, according to the characteristics of the harm, we should prescribe the right medicine to the case, prevent and control the harm.

1. Most of the greening plants are accompanied by shell insects and soot disease. The occurrence of shell insects is more common, there are many species, and the damage is quite common. in some tree species, even insects are covered with stems, branches and leaves, which seriously affect the growth and tree appearance of greening plants. Soot disease is one of the most important diseases in garden plants in the central urban area of Quanzhou, which mainly harms the leaves, twigs and flower organs of plants, and forms a soot-like mildew layer on the affected part, which is covered into a thin sheet on the whole leaf seriously. It inhibits the photosynthesis of plants, weakens the growth potential of plants, and seriously affects the ornamental effect of garden plants.

Prevention and control measures: spray with insecticides such as quick culling, omethoate, dichlorvos, phoxim and other insecticides mixed with soot soot net, carbon sore Kuiyanling, Anna garden plant cleaning agent, methyl topiramate and other fungicides.

2. There are a large number of damage of gray silkworm moth and banyan tube thrips on banyan plants, such as yellow banyan, weeping banyan, big-leaf banyan, banyan and so on. The larvae of the gray silkworm moth feed on the leaves and shoots, the young larvae bite the mesophyll, and the older larvae eat the leaves. Because the larvae have the phenomenon of mimicry, it is not easy to find and easily cause great harm. The nymphs and adults of thrips suck up the sap of the young leaves and buds of the host, resulting in purple-red-brown spots of different sizes, the shoots wither and the leaves fold to the front along the midvein to form dumpling-like galls.

Control measures: imidacloprid, cypermethrin, deltamethrin and phoxim and other organophosphorus pesticides were mixed and sprayed.

3. Black whitefly occurs on Bauhinia, Tianzhu, sausage trees and other plants. Black whitefly groups suck the sap of plant leaves (leaf back), fruits and twigs, and the affected leaves appear green, yellow and white spots, and when they occur seriously, the spots expand into pieces, and then the whole leaves are pale, resulting in fallen leaves and withered shoots.

Control measures: spray chlorpromazine, bifenthrin and other agents.

4. Willow, longan, Hainan putao, banyan and Taiwan Acacia are harmed by termites in winter, while willow and Italian poplar are seriously harmed by longicorn beetles. Termites often nest in the soil, eat the roots and stems of plants, build mud quilts on trees, gnaw on bark, but also invade xylem from the wound, resulting in poor growth or even death of the whole plant. Longicorn beetle larvae eat the trunk and branches and make irregular tunnels, destroying the transport of nutrients and water in the tree, so that the tree is weak and the heavy tree dies.

Control measures: ⑴ dug ant nests around the nursery where termite damage occurred (depth more than 50 years), and put the feed that termites like to eat, such as fresh pine, sugarcane, sugarcane bark, eucalyptus bark, etc., as bait. After a large number of termites were trapped to the killing point, spraying infectious mirex can achieve the purpose of killing a large number of termites. The termites harmed by ⑵ are sprayed on the mud line or mud quilt with 1000 times liquid of Lesbon or deltamethrin, so that the mud line or mud is fully wet and the soil does not fall. Do not spray the mud line or mud after being eradicated first. ⑶ in the branches of plants damaged by longicorn beetles, first clean the defecation holes with fresh insect feces with tweezers or grafting knife, then insert 56% aluminum phosphide tablets (divided into 0.2g to 0.3g, one small grain in each hole) or zinc phosphide poison label, and plug other defecation holes with slime. Or use an animal syringe to inject 80% dichlorvos 20 times, 50% fenitrothion 50 times, 50% monocrotophos EC 2ml, and then seal the hole with mud.

5. Oleander, red mulberry, Haitong, white magnolia, blue peach, red leaf plum, pomegranate, mulberry, plum blossom, camellia and other plants are vulnerable to aphids in winter. The nymphs of aphids prick and suck juice on the tender leaves and buds of plants, causing the leaves to turn yellow and curl, and their excreta causes soot disease, affecting growth and ornamental.

Control measures: spraying aldicarb, aphid pine, cis-cypermethrin and other agents.

6. Sweet-scented osmanthus is prone to blight in winter. Sweet-scented osmanthus blight is a harmful leaf, the spot is yellow-brown, grayish brown to gray-white, the edge is black-brown, the shape is nearly round or irregular, and the boundary between the edge and healthy tissue is obvious. When the disease is serious, the disease spots connect with each other to form large withered spots, and the withered area reaches 1-3 to 1-2 of the leaves, the dead parts become brittle, and the leaves curl and fall off easily.

Control measures: spray with carbendazim, carbendazim and benzoate once every 10 days, 2 to 3 times in a row.

7. Pest control of paulownia plants: spraying pesticides such as imidacloprid and imidacloprid.

(2) Prevention and control of overwintering diseases and insect pests

The diseases and pests are concentrated in the overwintering place of the dormant period and in the early spring, and the insect age is the same, and it is the weakest period of the year, so it is convenient for centralized control. The plant enters the dormant period, the drug resistance is strong, the plant branch and leaf after winter pruning is less, the permeability is strong, the spraying is easy to be uniform and thoughtful, which not only saves the medicine but also has good effect. Therefore, making use of the favorable opportunity of winter and early spring to carry out comprehensive chemical control of garden plants has the best effect. Specific prevention and control measures are as follows:

In the later stage of plant dormancy, ⑴ sprayed 150-250 times of crystal stone sulfur mixture and 30-50 times of scale-killing oil emulsion. Adding 1500-2000 times liquid of organophosphorus pesticide to the oil emulsion can obviously improve the control effect of diseases and insect pests.

The application of carbofuran, tienac and other pesticides in the roots of ⑵ has a good effect on reducing the overwintering source of underground pests, stem borer and piercing pests and the harm of the following year.

December

December: low temperature, start winter maintenance work.

1. Winter pruning: pruning some evergreen trees and shrubs.

2. Eliminate overwintering diseases and insect pests.

3. Prepare for the adjustment work next year: after the deciduous plants have fallen leaves, observe the conservation area and draw the orientation to be adjusted.