What if the leaves of sea taro turn yellow, apply thin fertilizer / replenish water / shade

Amorpha flower is a perennial herb belonging to the genus Amorpha of Araceae, which has a high ornamental value. It can be seen all over China. However, if the plant in the United States is yellow, it will also affect its overall aesthetic feeling. What about the yellowing leaves of Amorpha flower? What is the reason and how should we solve it? The following small series takes everyone to understand.

What about the yellow leaves, find out why?

Want to know the sea taro leaves yellowing how to do, first of all, we have to find the reason, to know what is the cause of the leaves yellowing, so that we can carry out targeted treatment. Such as improper watering, insufficient humidity, diseases and insect pests are the causes of this phenomenon, as for how to solve, described in detail below, let's take a look at it.

Second, the reasons for the yellowing of taro leaves (with solutions)

1. Improper fertilization

Fertilizer is one of the main nutrients in the growth of sea taro flowers. If we apply too little fertilizer or the concentration of fertilizer is too high, it will cause the leaves of sea taro flowers to turn yellow. If it is fertilized too little, it will turn yellow due to lack of nutrients, and if the fertilizer concentration is too high, it will burn the plant and cause yellowing.

Solution: the demand for fertilizer in the growth process of sea taro is very high, especially after entering the growth period, its demand for water is very high, basically every other week to apply fertilizer, so that its leaves can grow big. However, the concentration of fertilizer should not be too high when fertilizing, and must be diluted with water before application. If the concentration is too high, it is easy to burn the plant.

two。 Water deficiency

The sea taro flower this kind of plant prefers the warm and humid environment, so the water is very important to it, but how much is watered is the point that we need to pay attention to, if it is watered too much, it will cause its root system to be unable to breathe. as a result, the leaves yellowed, and if too little watering will cause the plant to dry and yellowing.

Solution: if we cause stagnant water when watering taro flowers, we must clean up the stagnant water in time, as long as the problem is generally not very big. If the leaves of taro flowers turn yellow because of drying, we can spray more water on the leaves to maintain the humidity of the environment.

3. The light is too strong.

Amorphophallus likes to grow in a warm environment and is less resistant to direct sunlight. In the process of breeding it, if the light is too strong, it is easy to burn the plant, resulting in the problem of yellowing of taro leaves.

Solution: in the process of cultivating taro flowers, it is best to put them in a place of sunlight scattering to avoid direct sunlight, and when the summer light is relatively strong, we can keep them indoors in the semi-shade. so as not to burn the plant and cause its leaves to turn yellow.

4. Diseases and insect pests

In the process of the growth of sea taro flowers, if we do not maintain properly, it is easy to appear some bad phenomena such as diseases and insect pests, this kind of problems do great harm to the plant, not only affect its ornamental, but also cause the leaves of sea taro flowers to turn yellow and dry.

Solution: when there are diseases and insect pests and other problems, we must deal with them in a timely manner. If the time is prolonged, the damage to the plant will be great, and it will be troublesome to deal with it. For specific prevention and control methods, you can refer to the article on pest control of sea taro flowers. Here, the editor will not repeat it.

Knowledge of hydroponic Flowers | knowledge of hydroponic Flowers

Knowledge of hydroponic Flower | Ten questions on hydroponic Flower Technology

1. What kind of flowers are suitable for hydroponic culture? What are its advantages?

Answer: theoretically, any flower can be hydroponically cultured, but different kinds of flowers have different requirements for the environment. For example, some varieties that need to control water to promote flowers may have an impact on flowering under hydroponic conditions, and some plant lines are sensitive to hypoxia. It is necessary to pump air into the nutrient solution regularly to replenish oxygen. At the same time, different kinds of flowers have different nutritional requirements, so it is necessary to adopt the appropriate formula of nutrient solution. Therefore, flowers and plants can not be hydroponically cultured until they are properly domesticated and adapted. There are many plants suitable for hydroponic culture, including money tree, rich tree, bean green, sun god, bamboo taro, cherub, Marianne, mountain and kelp, golden cactus, golden orchid, tiger tail orchid and so on. Hydroponic flowers can be a long bath without watering and fertilization, the same leaves, clean and hygienic, beautiful and elegant, is the first choice for home beautification and greening.

2. What substances are contained in the nutrient solution of hydroponic flowers?

A: hydroponic nutrient solution contains all the essential nutrients needed for flower growth, including nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, iron, manganese, zinc, copper, boron, molybdenum, atmosphere and so on. It is a colorless, tasteless, non-toxic product, please rest assured to use.

3. Why do hydroponic flowers use two concentrates?

Answer: the reason why the concentrated nutrient solution of hydroponic flowers is divided into two parts is mainly because it is considered that when the concentration of calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper and other metal nutrient elements in the nutrient solution is too high, it will precipitate each other and make the nutrition invalid. therefore, in order to ensure adequate and balanced nutrient supply, these non-toxic compounds cannot be mixed together in the concentrated nutrient solution. Therefore, at present, the hydroponic nutrient solution sold on the market is only one kind, and the nutrients are often unbalanced.

4. Is the nutrient solution in the hydroponic flower container as much as possible?

A: no. The depth of nutrient solution in the container should be determined according to the growth of flower roots, not too much. In general, when the root system is relatively developed, part of the root system should be exposed in the air above the liquid surface so that the root system can absorb part of the oxygen from the air, which is very good for the healthy growth of the root system. Do not add too much nutrient solution to the container, but not too little, if it is too little, you need to replenish the nutrient solution frequently, resulting in inconvenient management. It is usually enough to maintain a nutrient layer about 5-10 cm deep.

5. Should hydroponic flowers bask in the sun?

A: it depends on the light demand characteristics of the flowers you grow. If it is a shady type, it is not suitable to let the sun shine directly, but because the hydroponic flowers decorated in the home are usually in a poor light environment, even shady flowers need to be placed regularly on the balcony with slightly stronger light. In general, one day a week when the delivery on the balcony on it.

6. Do hydroponic flowers need a nutrient solution for each kind of flower?

A: no. There are many varieties of hydroponic flowers, but not every kind of flower needs a corresponding nutrient solution, as long as according to different categories to choose different nutrient solution, of course, you can also use a general-purpose nutrient solution. At present, the soilless cultivation Technology Laboratory of South China Agricultural University has developed five types of nutrient solutions: general type, foliage type, inner plant type, orchid type and flower type.

7. Can't flowers cultivated in soil be directly converted to hydroponic culture?

A: the transition from soil cultivation to hydroponic culture must go through a series of treatments. First of all, the soil-cultured flowers are taken out to wash the roots, and then soaked in the hydroponic root treatment solution for about 20 minutes before they can be put into hydroponic containers for hydroponic culture.

8. Does co-culture of flower fish need to be fed?

A: there is no need for feeding. Because most of the fish tails raised by flower fish are small, these fish only need to absorb plankton and root exudates from the nutrient solution to meet their needs. if fed, it is easy to cause the fish to be overfed and died. at the same time, the addition of feed is also easy to cause turbidity of the nutrient solution, and the content of dissolved oxygen in the nutrient solution decreases, affecting the growth of flowers and fish.

9. Replenish or replace nutrient solution when hydroponic flowers are cultivated?

Answer: this depends on the rate of water consumption of plants. If the weather is dry and the plants are larger, it is generally necessary to replenish the nutrient solution after 15-20 days, and the right amount of nutrient solution can be added. Do not replenish the nutrient solution too much, you only need to add about the depth of the container 1 to 3-1 to 2.

10. How long is the period of validity of concentrated nutrient solution for hydroponic flowers? What should you pay attention to when storing?

Answer: the period of validity of hydroponic flower concentrate is almost unlimited, but generally do not use more than 5 years of storage, concentrated nutrient solution storage is to avoid light as far as possible, do not put it in a place accessible to children. Discussion on the experience of hydroponic Flower Culture in Family

As an environment-friendly way of growing flowers, compared with traditional soil-cultured flowers, hydroponic flowers have the following characteristics: ① uses water instead of soil, odorless and tasteless, clean and hygienic. ② does not need to change the pot and loosen the soil, so it can reduce the labor of growing flowers. ③ is light in weight and can be moved anytime and anywhere. The material selection of ④ is flexible and can be matched reasonably according to indoor furnishings. There are few harmful microorganisms in ⑤ water and the seedling rate is high. The seedling rate can be stable at more than 80%.

1. Flower varieties suitable for hydroponic culture have been proved by many years' practice that foliage plants are the first choice for family hydroponic flowers, such as Guangdong evergreen, evergreen, tortoise back bamboo, sea taro, green apple, rich bamboo, asparagus, aloe, duck toe grass, hanging bamboo plum, colored leaf grass, Brazilian wood, pocket coconut, mulberry, hanging golden bell and so on. In addition, a string of red, rhododendron, camellia, cyclamen, Zhu Dinghong, calla, tiger prickly plum, longevity flowers, hyacinth, and so on, this kind of flowering plants have a good effect of hydroponic culture. Kidney fern, marigold, petunia, red back cinnamon and other hydroponic flowers have a low survival rate.

2. Selection of hydroponic containers and mattress substrates ① containers. Any beautiful container that can hold water is fine. It is best to use transparent containers, such as beverage bottles, wine cups, teacups, vases, fish tanks, etc., with a larger mouth to facilitate gas exchange. The size, height, shape, color and texture of the container should be in harmony with the hydroponic flowers. It is best to clean and disinfect before use. ② pad substrate. The cushion substrate is often placed at the bottom of the hydroponic container, which mainly plays the role of stabilizing the plant, such as pebbles, yellow sand, perlite and so on. Small pebbles with elegant appearance and different shapes are the best. It should also be cleaned and sterilized before use.

3. The time of hydroponic culture is the most suitable for hydroponic culture in spring and autumn, but it also varies with flower species. If the indoor temperature is 15 ℃ ~ 28 ℃, foliage plants can be carried out all the year round. Flowering plants should be carried out when the first flower is budding, such as cyclamen, hyacinth, rhododendron, camellia, etc. are often hydroponically cultured in early January, so that the blooming season coincides with the Spring Festival, giving people the joy of spring flowers.

4. Acquisition and treatment of hydroponic materials ① root washing method. Select potted plants with full shape, exuberant growth and free of diseases and insect pests, remove the soil from the pot, wash the soil of the roots with water close to room temperature, and cut off the decayed and aged roots. The dense fibrous roots can be cut off about 1pm 3, but new roots should be avoided, and then soak the roots in 50% potassium permanganate solution for 30 minutes. It can not only sterilize and disinfect, but also promote the hair of new roots, and then carry out hydroponics. This method is mostly used for larger plants and flowers that are difficult to root. ② water insertion method. The sturdy and pest-free semi-lignified branches were cut and inserted in water for hydroponic culture. The cutting part is often two or three millimeters below the stem node, and the cut should be cut with a sharp knife. Scrub, disinfect and smooth with liquor in advance, and remove the lower leaves of the branches. Before rooting, it is best to choose opaque containers or wrap black plastic bags on transparent containers to facilitate cuttings to take root. This method is mostly used for flower varieties with easy rooting and fast growth.

5. ① water for hydroponic culture and exchange water. Mountain spring water is the best, its water quality is clean, no pollution, no precipitation, and contains a variety of trace elements necessary for plant growth. Cold boiled water takes second place. It is best not to use tap water, because it contains many impurities, easy to precipitate, and the chlorine in it is harmful to plant growth. If Rain Water or snow water culture can be used, it is more beneficial to the growth of flowers. ②, change the water. Due to the normal growth and metabolism of plants, after hydroponic culture for a period of time, the oxygen in the water is continuously consumed, at the same time, the root system produces mucus, the water quality is not as fresh as at the beginning, and the nutrient solution added to the water is also absorbed by the plant. too many unabsorbed elements will also do harm to flowers. Therefore, the water must be changed regularly. The change of water quality is directly related to the temperature. Spring and autumn is the flourishing period of flowers, changing water every 7 ~ 10 days, every 4 ~ 6 days in summer, and about 15 ~ 20 days in winter. Every time you change water, you should wash away the mucus from the roots and cut off the aged roots and rotten roots. The height of adding water is equal to that of the rhizosphere, too deep is easy to rot roots due to hypoxia, and too shallow is easy to affect the growth of roots due to lack of water.

6. The addition of hydroponic nutrient solution is the fertilizer of hydroponic flowers. In general, new roots can be produced after hydroponic culture for half a month. With the growth of flowers and plants, we must constantly change water and add nutrient solution. According to the need to buy different types of flower nutrition solution on the market. It must be noted that all kinds of nutrient solutions purchased by ① are raw solutions and must be diluted. The dilution ratio varies with different kinds of flowers, so you should read the instructions carefully. All kinds of special nutrient solution for ② must be special to avoid getting the wrong object. If the orchid nutrient solution is applied to the orchid flowers, the orchid will not blossom or blossom very little. Some flowers do not need nutrient solution, especially in the dormant period, directly regularly change water or add a small amount of sugar water, salt water, the effect is also good, such as green pineapple, evergreen and so on.

Control techniques of Diseases and insect pests in hydroponic Flowers

Hydroponic culture can get rid of the infection of soil diseases and insect pests, but it does not grow in the vacuum environment after strict disinfection, and it will still be damaged by environmental diseases and insect pests. Fungi, bacteria and viruses in the air can still infect the stems and leaves of hydroponic flowers, making them suffer different degrees of pathological changes. Aphids and shell insects can float indoors with the wind and fall on hydroponic flowers to suck juice. Moths lay eggs on flowers, hatch into larvae, and eat the tender leaves and stem tips of flowers. Take off the basin to wash the roots to static hydroponic flowers, will also carry fungi, bacteria, viruses, eggs, larvae, etc., if not carefully checked and cleared, it will leave hidden dangers.

Static hydroponic flowers because of the particularity of their display environment, once the occurrence of diseases and insect pests, it is not suitable to use chemical pesticides to kill insects, nor can they be sterilized with large doses of fungicides. Although these drugs can play the role of insecticidal and sterilization, they can also cause pollution to the environment.

Prevention should be given priority to the diseases and insect pests that may occur in hydroponic flowers. When choosing flowers for hydroponic culture, we should try our best to select flowers with strong plants, luxuriant growth and no diseases and insect pests. If insect pests are found in the process of cultivation, they can be caught manually or washed away with tap water. There are not many infectious diseases in hydroponic flowers, only a few leaves have brown lesions, dry necrosis, or irregular round wet lesions, which are formed by fungal or bacterial infection. After discovery, the whole diseased leaves should be removed and burned, so as not to spread. Prevention of non-infectious diseases. Non-infectious disease is not caused by pathogen infection, it is caused by unsuitable environment. Muggy high-temperature weather in summer, cold winter, dry climate, scorching sun, obstructed air environment, excessive shade, excessive concentration of nutrient solution, or can not be evenly absorbed may cause static hydroponic flower leaf tip scorch and scorch, lower leaves yellowing and falling off. Hot summer temperature is too high, due to a sharp decline in dissolved oxygen in the liquid, and prone to root rot, which is a common symptom of static hydroponics. According to the above different symptoms, find out the corresponding causes, correct them, improve the cultivation environment, and avoid the occurrence of non-infectious diseases.

How to maintain the still hydroponic flowers with disjointed and rotten roots? Due to improper management, or rotting roots due to hypoxia, or infected by fungi, bacteria and viruses, hydroponic flowers have leaf spot disease, leaves yellowing and falling off, resulting in disconnection of the lower end and loss of ornamental value. The hydroponic flowers with disjointed and rotten roots can be treated by the method of plant renewal. The branches that are still intact at the upper end of the stem node are cut off and inserted in clean water. After a period of maintenance and management, new roots can grow and become independent plants. The disjointed branches at the lower end can sprout new buds in the stem nodes as long as they do not rot, and they can be cultivated in nutrient solution at this time. Fugui bamboo, green pineapple, colorful plantain, taro, and so on, can all use this method.

Complete Handbook of Family hydroponic Flowers

There are four methods to obtain hydroponic plants: first, the flowers cultivated in organic media such as soil or inorganic substrates are removed from the pot, and the soil or inorganic matrix on the roots is removed and changed to static hydroponic culture in nutrient solution. Second, use the branches of flowers as cuttings, insert them directly into still water, and cultivate them with nutrient solution after rooting. Third, when some flowers grow, there will be walking stems (stolons), and there are small plants growing on the stems, such as orchids and pineapples, which can be removed for direct hydroponic culture. Fourth, flowers with more tiller buds, such as orchids and pineapples, can be hydroponically cultured by peeling tiller buds with roots. How to prepare hydroponic nutrient solution family hydroponic flowers (or hydroponic flowers for short) must have three basic conditions: first, select plants that are closely related to aquatic plants, that is, plants that retain aquatic genetic genes, which can be used as static hydroponic flowers. Second, select the cultivation container with no leakage and no bottom hole that matches the size and style of hydroponic flowers. Third, the use of ion balance absorption (appropriate ratio), low conductivity nutrient solution with all-element mineral nutrition necessary for the growth of flowers and plants. The recommended formula is as follows: (1) A large number of elements: 0.27 grams of calcium nitrate, 0.13 grams of potassium nitrate, 0.08 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.13 grams of magnesium sulfate. (2) Trace elements: disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate 8.0 mg, ferrous sulfate 5.0 mg, manganese sulfate 1.4 mg, boric acid 2.0 mg, zinc sulfate 0.07 mg, copper sulfate 0.04 mg, sodium molybdate 0.09 mg. (3) purified water: 1 liter (1000 ml). The pH value is from 5.5 to 6.5, and the electrical conductivity EC is less than 0.5mm / cm. The selected flowers will be cultivated in utensils and injected with hydroponic nutrient solution to become a static hydroponic flower with unique charm. In the preparation of nutrient solution, it is best to use pure water, of course, drinking tap water can also be used to prepare nutrient solution. They are strictly treated, clean and hygienic, and meet the requirements of aseptic (few bacteria) cultivation. However, it must be fully noticed that there are fewer impurities and bacteria in the purified water, and there are basically no essential nutrient elements for plants, while tap water contains unstable nutrients with the change of the composition of the water source. Therefore, the composition of the nutrient solution prepared with pure water is stable and consistent, and the composition of the nutrient solution prepared with tap water is unstable. Liquid chlorine is used when disinfecting tap water. If there is too much chlorine in tap water, it is harmful to flowers and plants. A water purifier can be installed on the faucet. Release the tap water, store it in a large-caliber bucket and put it aside for a few days, stir it with a stick several times to remove chlorine. If you are in urgent need of changing water, you can add 3 to 5 grains of sodium thiosulfate (commonly known as baking soda) in 10 kg of tap water and stir evenly to achieve the effect of removing chlorine. Most foliage flowers like the slightly acidic soil environment, and their alkali tolerance can not be changed in hydroponics. The pH of the solution must be adjusted to 5.5 to 6.5 in static nutrient solution cultivation, which is beneficial to the absorption of trace elements by flowers, the physiological metabolism is not disturbed, the growth is normal and the leaves are green.

How to apply fertilizer outside the root

Static hydroponic cultivation of flowers is a cultivation method under the condition of anoxic root system, which will cause some defects to the normal development of flowers. In order to improve the quality of flowers, foliar fertilization can be used to supplement nutrient elements. During the vegetative growth period of flowers, 0.2% potassium nitrate dilution can be used to spray foliar. Should use fine hole spray pot, try not to make fertilizer liquid loss, the back of the leaf should also be sprayed, spray once a week, spray twice during the growing period, can make hydroponic flowers flourish. Flowers suitable for leaf viewing and flower appreciation at the same time, such as taro, begonia, bamboo begonia, calla, etc., can be sprayed on the leaves once a week with 0.15% potassium dihydrogen phosphate diluent during the budding period until the flowers bloom. The temperature requirement of hydroponic flowers hydroponic cultivation of flowers only changes the way of flower cultivation, does not change the growth habits of flowers, and it is impossible to change their habits. The foliage flowers and plants used in static hydroponics are mostly originated in Latin American rain forests or tropical high temperature, high humidity and shady valleys, which are cold-resistant flowers and plants. In general, when the temperature drops below 10 ℃, some varieties will suffer frost injury, scorched leaves, yellowing old leaves, drooping and falling off. Under the condition of static hydroponics, this phenomenon will also occur. Some flowers have strong cold resistance, such as ivy, vinca, fairy pen, etc., and grow normally under the temperature of 5 ℃ to 7 ℃. When the temperature is more than 30 ℃, the leaves of some flowers lose their luster, grow sluggishly, and have scorched brown spots on the leaf edge, showing a dormant state that can not bear high temperature, such as bamboo begonia, four seasons begonia, colored leaf grass and so on. Rotten roots are common in static water culture at high temperature above 30 ℃, which is also related to the decrease of dissolved oxygen in nutrient solution with the increase of temperature. The temperature is controlled between 15 ℃ and 28 ℃, which is suitable for all kinds of flowers cultivated in static water. In addition, it is also very important to understand the temperature needed for the growth of each kind of flower and to create a suitable temperature condition for it to grow in static hydroponics. Hydroponic flowers need light static hydroponics to choose more shade-resistant, shade-loving foliage flowers and a small number of flowering flowers. The characteristic of this kind of flower is that it does not need strong direct light during the growing period, and some flower varieties grow well in a more shady environment. Generally placed in the indoor, living room, office, as long as there are doors and windows through the scattered light and indoor lighting, can fully meet its needs for lighting. If the light is too weak, the leaves of flowers can not carry out normal photosynthesis, can not accumulate enough nutrition, poor growth. Some colored leaf flowers, such as colored leaf grass, variable leaf wood, etc. in a weak light environment, will lose the color of the leaves and become dull, this kind of flowers can maintain the luster of leaf color only in the environment where the light is more sufficient and is not directed by strong light.

Plant growth has phototaxis, the orientation of flowers should be rotated regularly, this work can be combined with cleaning utensils and changing nutrient solution, and the flowers after root cleaning can be rotated 180 degrees relative to the original orientation, so that the flowers will not grow on one side, and the top tip will always be straight and straight upward. Moist environment and good ventilation the origin of foliage flowers is mostly warm and humid environment. Static hydroponics also need to create a relatively humid environment in order to make it grow well. The simple method is to spray on the leaves of flowers (in order to prevent the spray from soaking the furniture, you can move to the balcony or outdoor operation, and then move the flowers to the indoor display after spraying). It is best to use a fine hole sprinkler when spraying, so that the spray beads stick to the leaves and do not flow down. Stronger flower leaves with wax film, such as tortoise back bamboo, gentleman orchid, can be wiped with wet towels, which can not only increase the humidity of the leaves, but also remove dust from the leaves. For those larger, difficult to move flowers, you can use a shallow dish or basin to hold water next to the flowers, evaporation of water can also increase the humidity of the environment. There should be a good ventilation environment. This is an important condition for the normal growth of flowers, static hydroponic flowers are installed in the room, if the doors and windows are closed, the air is turbid, it is disadvantageous to its growth. In particular, people go to work and leave home during the day, do not open doors and windows, and some even close curtains. In such a harsh environment, hydroponic flowers can not get the necessary light, even lack of fresh air, dissolved oxygen continues to decrease, and their growth will get worse and worse. The phenomenon of leaves yellowing and shedding, and thin and shrunken shoots. Where hydroponic flowers are placed, doors and windows should be opened regularly to form air convection, allowing fresh air from the outside to enter the room, which can increase the content of dissolved oxygen in the nutrient solution. An air-conditioned room can of course reach the temperature needed for hydroponic flowers, but the dry air in the room will cause thin flower leaves with scorched edges and withered tips. Air-conditioned rooms are also short of fresh air, which reduces the content of dissolved oxygen. It should be ventilated timely, which is beneficial to the growth of hydroponic flowers and human health. There are places with large-scale hydroponic flower furnishings, it is more necessary to do this work well.

Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests of hydroponic flowers

Hydroponic culture can get rid of the infection of soil diseases and insect pests, but it does not grow in the vacuum environment after strict disinfection, and it will still be damaged by environmental diseases and insect pests. Fungi, bacteria and viruses in the air can still infect the stems and leaves of hydroponic flowers, making them suffer different degrees of pathological changes. Aphids and shell insects can float indoors with the wind and fall on hydroponic flowers to suck juice. Moths lay eggs on flowers, hatch into larvae, and eat the tender leaves and stem tips of flowers. Take off the basin to wash the roots to static hydroponic flowers, will also carry fungi, bacteria, viruses, eggs, larvae, etc., if not carefully checked and cleared, it will leave hidden dangers. Static hydroponic flowers because of the particularity of their display environment, once the occurrence of diseases and insect pests, it is not suitable to use chemical pesticides to kill insects, nor can they be sterilized with large doses of fungicides. Although these drugs can play the role of insecticidal and sterilization, they can also cause pollution to the environment. Prevention should be given priority to the diseases and insect pests that may occur in hydroponic flowers. When choosing flowers for hydroponic culture, we should try our best to select flowers with strong plants, luxuriant growth and no diseases and insect pests. If insect pests are found in the process of cultivation, they can be caught manually or washed away with tap water. There are not many infectious diseases in hydroponic flowers, only a few leaves have brown lesions, dry necrosis, or irregular round wet lesions, which are formed by fungal or bacterial infection. After discovery, the whole diseased leaves should be removed and burned, so as not to spread. Prevention of non-infectious diseases. Non-infectious disease is not caused by pathogen infection, it is caused by unsuitable environment. Muggy high-temperature weather in summer, cold winter, dry climate, scorching sun, obstructed air environment, excessive shade, excessive concentration of nutrient solution, or can not be evenly absorbed may cause static hydroponic flower leaf tip scorch and scorch, lower leaves yellowing and falling off. Hot summer temperature is too high, due to a sharp decline in dissolved oxygen in the liquid, and prone to root rot, which is a common symptom of static hydroponics. According to the above different symptoms, find out the corresponding causes, correct them, improve the cultivation environment, and avoid the occurrence of non-infectious diseases. How to maintain the still hydroponic flowers with disjointed and rotten roots? Due to improper management, or rotting roots due to hypoxia, or infected by fungi, bacteria and viruses, hydroponic flowers have leaf spot disease, leaves yellowing and falling off, resulting in disconnection of the lower end and loss of ornamental value. The hydroponic flowers with disjointed and rotten roots can be treated by the method of plant renewal. The branches that are still intact at the upper end of the stem node are cut off and inserted in clean water. After a period of maintenance and management, new roots can grow and become independent plants. The disjointed branches at the lower end can sprout new buds in the stem nodes as long as they do not rot, and they can be cultivated in nutrient solution at this time. Fugui bamboo, green pineapple, colorful plantain, taro, and so on, can all use this method. How many hydroponic flowers are arranged for the cultivation of hydroponic flowers in the livable room, which can not only regulate the mood, beautify the environment, but also purify the air, it is beneficial to install a few plants properly. The living room area is not large, and there are too many flowers, causing flowers to compete with people for oxygen at night. So how many flowers should be put in the room? According to the scientists' experiments, it is considered that it is more appropriate to plant one or two kinds of flowers for every 10 square meters according to the area of the room. According to this standard, it is estimated that the rooms with an area of 50 square meters to 60 square meters are equipped with more than 10 hydroponic flowers of different sizes, which can not only satisfy the viewing, but also will not cause the flowers to compete with people for oxygen at night.

How to choose hydroponic flowers in winter

Hydroponic flowers are very popular because they are clean, beautiful and easy to take care of. When choosing hydroponic flowers in winter, we must pay attention to the following four "points":

First, it is necessary to choose flowers that are suitable for hydroponic culture. If you buy back a species that is not suitable for hydroponic culture, it will not take long for the root to rot and gradually die. Aquatic plants, wet plants and a number of less drought-tolerant terrestrial plants are more suitable for hydroponics, such as Upland grass, taro, green apple, taro, Phyllostachys pubescens and so on.

Second, we should choose the flower species with strong cold resistance. Although some flowers are very suitable for hydroponic culture, they need a higher temperature to survive the winter, so it is difficult to survive the winter safely in ordinary families and is vulnerable to frost damage. The flowers with strong cold resistance and a little cold protection can survive the winter, such as tortoise back bamboo, purple leaf duck rubbing grass, aloe, hanging orchid, parasol grass, pocket coconut, brown bamboo and so on.

Third, flowers that have adapted to hydroponic conditions should be selected. After some florists get the soil out of the soil, they wash the soil from their roots and supply the flower market immediately. Although such flowers seem to grow normally, they have to go through a process of adaptation before they can grow normally in a hydroponic environment, so they must be carefully identified when they are purchased. Some white aquatic roots grow at the root or stem base of flowers that have adapted to hydroponic conditions.

Fourth, choose plants that are robust and free from diseases and insect pests. The plants with tall and straight branches and leaves and full and glossy leaves are helpful to reflect the appreciation effect of flowers.

The advantages of hydroponics

1. Daily management is simple.

The daily management of hydroponic flowers is very simple, except for changing the nutrient solution every 10 days during the peak period of plant growth in spring and summer, and every 15-20 days in autumn and winter, it does not need extra care. You only need to spray water on the leaf surface in the dry season or in the air-conditioned environment; wipe it with a clean cloth or paper towel when there is dust on the leaf surface. It saves the trouble of fertilizing, changing soil and watering water every day, and is very suitable for the fast-paced life style of people in modern society.

2. Clean and fashionable

As hydroponic flowers are completely separated from the soil cultivation environment and grow directly in a relatively aseptic or bacteria-free nutrient solution environment, they will not pollute our living environment like soil-grown flowers because of parasitic pests and germs in the soil. make our homes safer, cleaner and more at ease. And because we are separated from the soil, we can use more and more beautiful vases, utensils, and materials to grow. We can appreciate not only flowers and leaves, but also the process of root growth and their beauty, which we do not often see. Very neat and fashionable.

3. There are many kinds of application, and the technology is easy to master and operate.

As a result of conquering the adaptation technology of plant roots from native environment to aquatic environment, "Water Flower King" does not need to grow aquatic roots through planting baskets, nor does it need early computer and electric field mutagenesis, but only needs to do very simple technical treatment. Soil roots can be quickly transformed into aquatic roots, and anyone can grow exuberant and luxuriant hydroponic flowers, which greatly shortens the production cycle. It saves the production cost, makes the product have more profit space, and increases the competitiveness of the product in the market. At the same time, because of the low production cost, more and more people can enjoy the lifestyle brought by new technology and rapidly expand their market share. Because the planting basket is not used, hydroponic flowers become more beautiful and refined. Because Rain Water will change the concentration and PH value of the nutrient solution, hydroponic flowers are not suitable for planting in the open air, so some light-loving plants are more difficult to carry out indoor hydroponic culture at home, but the common shade / semi-shade flowers are basically able to carry out successful hydroponic cultivation, and there are nearly 400 experimental varieties at present. If you have a sunlight or artificial greenhouse, then in theory, any plant can be hydroponically cultured, but with different degrees of difficulty.

4. green and environmentally friendly, flower fish can be raised together.

The "Water Flower King" nutrient solution does not contain toxic ingredients, so it can be raised together for a long time without any side effects that are not conducive to flowers or fish. the fish in our store still grow well after long-term rearing. And some guests add nutrient solution to the aquarium to fertilize the aquatic plants, the effect is also very good, practice has proved that it is safe and reliable. At the same time, because of the special ingredients, it is not easy to breed mosquitoes in the nutrient solution, and if you pour the discarded nutrient solution into your soil to plant potted flowers when you change water, there will be a more unexpected surprise. Facts have proved that "Water Flower King" nutrient solution is a real green and environmentally friendly nutrient solution, and the effect is very obvious.

Selection of hydroponic Flower species

The growth and development of flowers need appropriate conditions such as water, oxygen, nutrients, light, temperature and so on. Water as a hydroponic medium contains a certain amount of oxygen. As long as the light and temperature are appropriate, timely supply of nutrients needed for plant growth, flowers can grow normally in water.

Due to the relationship between ecological habits and organizational structure of flowers, different flowers have different requirements for oxygen content in water. Some flowers have aerated tissue in the body, and the oxygen produced by these plants during photosynthesis can be sent to the root part of the plant through the aerated tissue for breathing; some flowers have aerial roots in the stem nodes, which means that aerial roots can absorb the oxygen plants need from the air; although some flowers do not have simultaneous tissue and aerial roots that absorb oxygen, they are well adapted to hydroponic conditions. However, the oxygen content in the water of some flowers can not meet the needs of their normal growth and development, so this kind of flowers is not suitable for hydroponics. Therefore, in order to make hydroponics successful, we must choose flower species that can adapt to hydroponics conditions, and do not plant them blindly, so as not to lead to the failure of hydroponics.

Flower species adapted to hydroponic culture

Araceae

Araceae flowers have great adaptability to horizontal conditions, when cultured with water, most of them can take root and grow rapidly in a short time, and quickly form a certain ornamental plant shape; after washing with soil, most of the roots can adapt to the hydroponic environment. Araceae flowers adapted to hydroponic culture are green pineapple, Guangdong evergreen, Daifen evergreen, silver emperor, golden queen, tufted spring feather, mini tortoise back bamboo, tortoise back bamboo, silver bract taro, emerald, Xi Lin taro, Qin leaf Xi Lin taro, green emperor Xi Lin taro, synthetic fruit taro, sea taro, crane flower, jadeite and so on.

Caryophyllaceae

Almost all the flowers of the family Commelina can adapt to hydroponic culture, such as purple leaf, purple back evergreen, light bamboo leaf, hanging bamboo plum and so on, which can take root and grow quickly when they are planted in water.

Liliaceae

The vast majority of lily flowers can adapt to hydroponic culture, such as aloe. Triangular aloe, dot pattern 12 volumes, hanging orchid, Zhu banana, dragon blood tree, horsetail iron, tiger skin orchid, tequila, Phnom Penh rich bamboo, sea onion, silver edge evergreen, silver edge step grass and so on.

Sedum family

Crassulaceae flowers are also more suitable for hydroponic conditions, such as: Lotus palm, hibiscus palm, silver wave brocade, gemstone flower, rooting and so on.

In addition, flowers that can adapt to hydroponics include peach leaf coral, parasol grass, colored leaf grass, purple goose velvet, blue pine, bamboo begonia, Begonia, emerald, gentleman orchid, aristolochia, variegated wood, silver chrysanthemum, fairy pen, leaf cactus, triangular bamboo, pineapple, Ji pineapple, golden millet orchid, rock vine, keel, color cloud pavilion, flower vine periwinkle, red back cinnamon, Sihai wave, ivy, ivy, palm bamboo Pocket coconuts, etc.

When selecting hydroponic flower species, in addition to considering the conditions of hydroponic culture, we should also pay attention to the following factors:

Although some flowers are well adapted to the conditions of hydroponic culture, the overwintering temperature is relatively high, for example, the overwintering temperature of some species of evergreen and variegated trees is more than 15c, and the overwintering temperature of green pineapple, taro, Phnom Penh rich bamboo and dragon blood trees is also above 10c. This is certainly not a problem for rooms that are heated in winter, but it is very difficult for most families to get these flowers safely through the cold winter. Although some flowers will not lead to the death of the whole plant after overwintering, due to the influence of low temperature and freezing injury, the leaves of the plants will become wilted, lose their due luster, the leaves turn yellow, the leaf tips or leaf edges become scorched, or new scorch spots appear on the leaves, and even cause a large number of defoliation or some branches and leaves to die, thus losing the value of appreciation. Therefore, when there are no more stable conditions for domestic mosquitoes, we must pay attention to the selection of flower species with strong cold resistance. The flowers suitable for hydroponic culture in ordinary families are:

Flowers with strong cold resistance

Such as evergreen, rattan, brown bamboo, tequila, peach leaf coral, gemstone flowers, sea onions, flowers and leaves along the steps, etc. can withstand the low temperature of about 0c.

Flowers with a certain degree of cold resistance

Such as tortoise back bamboo, purple leaf duckweed, light leaf bamboo, aloe, hanging orchid, silver wave brocade, parasol grass, purple velvet, silver chrysanthemum, golden millet orchid, Caiyun Pavilion, flowers and leaves vine periwinkle, ivy, pocket coconut and so on, you can survive the winter safely with a little protection when overwintering.

Of course, although some flowers, such as ruby taro, emerald taro, fruit taro, green apple, tiger tail orchid, and variable leaf wood, are safe and difficult to survive the winter, they are convenient to obtain materials, grow rapidly, and have high ornamental value, and can also be purchased and cultivated in the warm spring.

Yin tolerance problem

Due to the poor indoor lighting conditions, it is appropriate to choose flowers that prefer half-shade or tolerate half-shade. At the same time, even foliage plants that like half-shade or tolerate half-shade have different requirements for light intensity, such as variable-leaf wood, purple-leaf duckweed, hanging bamboo plum, etc., but white crane taro, hulk, Guangdong evergreen, silver emperor and so on all have a strong ability to tolerate shade. Due to the different lighting conditions of different rooms and rooms, the appropriate types of flowers should be selected according to the lighting conditions of the placement location, so as to ensure the normal growth of flowers and maintain good ornamental. When the light is insufficient, the branches and leaves of the plant are too long, the stem is thin, the internodes are longer, the leaves become smaller, abnormally small, lose green and lose their due luster, the leaves fade with colored spots, and even produce a large number of fallen leaves, thus seriously affecting the ornamental of flowers.

Water-raised orchid technology

Hanging orchid, the leaf color is fresh and green, the leaf shape is like orchid, fresh and elegant, it is a common family foliage flower that people like. In addition, it has the unique effect of purifying indoor air, which is one of the important reasons why people like to plant it indoors.

1. Container: container bottle can be single-layer or double-layer. Single-layer bottles are made of plastic bottles without bottom holes or ceramic bottles without bottom holes. In the double-layer bottle, the plastic screen is taken as the upper layer, and the lower bottle is a bottomless bottle. The hanging orchid is planted in the upper plastic screen to let the root of the hanging orchid droop in the bottle.

2. Take seedlings: remove the potted or ground-planted orchids from the pot or dig up from the ground, remove the soil from the roots, wash the roots with clean water, cut off the old and rotten roots, leave the fibrous roots, cut off some leaves (old leaves, leaves of diseases and insect pests), and leave strong leaves, generally leaving 6 to 10 leaves.

3. Pot up: the pot method of a single-layer bottle is to insert the treated hanging orchid into the bottle, fasten the bottle mouth with a sponge and insert a plastic straw for water transport. Let the orchid plant stand upright, fill the bottle with water and flower nutrient solution, and let the root of the orchid grow in water. In the double-layer bottle cultivation method, the plant of the orchid is planted on a plastic sieve, and the root passes through the small hole of the plastic sieve into the lower bottle, which is filled with pottery or stone rice (large grains) to make the orchid stand upright, and the lower bottle is filled with clear water and flower nutrition solution. After potting, put the orchid indoors or in a cool place for management.

4. Management:

① water: water and flower nutrient solution are added every 4 days for single-layer container cultivation, and the water is input from the straw until the water is full. Change the water of the double-layer bottle once a week, pour out the water when changing the water, wash the bottle clean, fill it with water and flower nutrient solution, and then put the plastic sieve on the bottle.

② fertilizer: adding water and changing water in the root and adding flower nutrient solution at the same time, topdressing outside the root is spraying branches and leaves with diluted flower nutrient solution every 3 days.

③ control of diseases and insect pests: if you find any diseases and insect pests, you can use universal powder and water to spray leaves.

④ to promote flowers: half a year after the flowering, do not spray water on the flowers, to prevent early falling flowers, flowers withered should be cut off from the branches to promote re-flowering.

The outstanding one in static hydroponics

There are more than 2500 species of Araceae belonging to 105 genera, which originated in tropical Asia and are produced in the waters or swamps of forest areas. after a long historical evolution, most of them have developed into terrestrial plants and few aquatic species. The common excellent ornamental plants (genera) in Araceae are: Candle, Dendrocalamus, Taro, unicorn, calla, evergreen, colorful taro, green velvet, bract taro, and so on. Although the above genera are terrestrial, they are closely related to aquatic vascular plants: some are wet species, some have aerial roots, some are prone to adventitious roots, and some are easy to develop ventilatory tissues under stress. Terrestrial plants are cultured in static water, and the root respiration is in a serious state of hypoxia. The prerequisite for its success is the correct selection of plant species, that is, it is closely related to aquatic plants. Araceae plants are closely related to aquatic plants, which are shown as follows: first, Araceae plants evolve and develop with aquatic genes as the center. According to the new Engler system, the most primitive genus in the Araceae is the genus Gladiolus, and the most evolved genus Gladiolus, both of which are aquatic plants. Acorus calamus is an aquatic or wet evergreen herb. it is the most primitive genus in the Araceae. It originated in the old tropics of the late Cretaceous (about 100 million years ago) and first appeared in the water environment. The genus Artemisia, which is the most evolved single genus in Araceae, is almost all over the freshwater waters of the old and new continents. It is a floating plant cultivated by nutrition, which is easy to migrate and spread and has a strong ability of proliferation. In addition, there are famous aquatic species such as Acorus calamus, taro and taro in Araceae. As an aquatic plant, the evolved genus Gladiolus is not a simple repetition of the original Gladiolus, but a dialectical "negative negation", a repetition on a higher basis. Although most species of Araceae grow on land, they all come from aquatic ancestors, which forms the "negation" of aquatic ancestors. In the end, it is transformed into a more advanced aquatic plant of the genus Magnolia, and this reply is once again "negative", that is, the dialectical law of "negative negation". It shows that the opposite poles of aquatic and terrestrial life have been unified in the dialectical development. This is the unique philosophical reason why Araceae plants are outstanding in static hydroponics. 2. Araceae belongs to the order Araceae, which has only two families, and the other family for the same purpose is Aquatic Pleuroidae, which is a floating or submerged herb. It is proved that Araceae and Pteropodidae share the same aquatic ancestors and have a very close relationship with each other. It can be seen that the plants of Araceae take aquatic genes as the center and evolve forward according to the approximate spiral curve. Third, the relationship of the order Araceae in the plant taxonomic system: the Hutchinson system believes that the order Liliformes evolved from the order Liliformes, while a few aquatic types of the order Liliformes have a parallel relationship with the marshes. The Tahta system believes that the order Araceae has a common ancestor with Palm order and Bana order (primitive lily), which can be traced back to Magnolia. Cronquist system believes that the order Araceae is closely related to the order Coleoptera and Palm, and has a common ancestor with the order Liliacea. From the above classification system, it can be inferred that the order Araceae is related to Liliformes and palms containing aquatic plants. To sum up, Araceae plants evolve forward with aquatic genetic genes as the center, have a common ancestor with aquatic planktonic families, and are related to lilies and palms containing aquatic species. Therefore, they contain aquatic genetic genes, which is the direct reason for making Araceae plants outstanding in static hydroponics.

Judgement and treatment of hydroponic rotten root

In the process of hydroponic culture, rotting roots are often caused by management and other reasons, such as too low temperature, excessive fertilization, diseases and so on. Rotting roots will make the water quality worse and affect the growth of plants. To judge whether the root is rotten, one is to smell the root with the nose, and if there is a bad smell, it proves that the root has rotted; the second is to smell the water, which means that the root system may also rot and deteriorate; and the third is to observe the appearance of the root system. If the root turns yellow and changes color, it means that the root system has been damaged. After the root system is rotten, gently pull the rhizosphere with your hand, and its epidermis is very easy to tear off, leaving only the lignified part.

After the emergence of rotten roots, to be cut off in time, generally rotten roots are gradually rotting upward from the tip, after pruning, until cut to the normal root system. After changing water, pay attention to observe that if rotten roots continue to appear, they should be dealt with in a timely manner.

Simple hydroponic facilities-- bottles and cans and cultivation management

The use of waste containers, such as beverage cans, jars, white polystyrene hard foam boxes (boxes), etc., with a little finishing, can become hydroponic carriers of different sizes and shapes, which can not only adjust measures to local conditions and make the best use of things, but also green the surrounding environment. It has the interest of returning to nature.

I. bottles and cans

1. Such as metal beverage cans, glass or plastic bottles, paper foil square beverage boxes, etc., are originally filled with liquid, as long as the original contents are washed and refreshed, they can be used as hydroponic carriers.

two。 Planting cup: according to the size of the mouth of the selected container, choose the plastic cold drink cup, which is exactly the size of the mouth 1 to 3, as the carrier of anchoring plants. As shown in figure 1, dig out the "well" hole at the bottom of the cup so that the root system can reach into the nutrient solution through the bottom of the cup, and the anchors of the plant will not leak out. The opening also has the function of breathability.

3. Plant anchoring: prepare a piece of non-woven cloth (non-woven cloth) for clothing padding about 8 × 12 cm, rinse off the soil gently and do not damage the root system. Wrap the root system with non-woven cloth, and then use porous plastic sponge (debris cut off from coat pads, sofas, seat cushions, etc.), or a small amount of rock wool and glass wool (used as thermal insulation materials, there are yellow, there are also yellow with white) and other coarsening, so that it can be stuffed into the plastic planting cup to anchor the plant. In fact, do not have the above-mentioned things on hand, the use of flower paste, after proper cutting can also be used as anchoring material. The non-woven rolls enclosing the roots, together with the exposed roots, are immersed in bottles and jars containing nutrient solution. It must be noted that the surface of the nutrient solution should have a space distance of not less than 1 cm from the bottom of the planting cup. This is the key to the success or failure of hydroponics. With the help of the osmosis of non-woven fabric, the nutrient solution continues to supply the root system with nutrition for about half a month, and the nutrient solution decreases gradually with the growth and transpiration of crops. When the liquid level drops to 1 top 4 of the container height, a new nutrient solution can be added. At this time, the distance between the liquid level and the bottom of the planting cup can be larger, about 3 centimeters.

4. Cultivation management: if you use a transparent glass container, you must cover the bottle with a shade to avoid direct sunlight to breed algae and compete with the culture for nutrition. In summer, in order to prevent a substantial rise in liquid temperature caused by sunlight exposure, it is best to have shading measures, or put in a place where the sun cannot be exposed directly.

2. Box class

1. Box: usually used as a shock-proof polystyrene white rigid foam box, or corrugated cartons, wooden cases with a certain strength can be used. It is generally about 35 × 25 × 15 cm and 60 × 40 × 16 cm. If there is a hole in the bottom of the box, it can be paved with wood or foam board. The box is lined with black agricultural film to prevent nutrient solution leakage. If it is confirmed that the box does not leak and does not penetrate light, the film can be avoided. If there is no black film, other films can also be used.

two。 Upper cover: the function of upper cover and fixing plate. Find a polystyrene foam board with the same area as the box and about 2.5 cm thick as the upper cover and fixed planting board. A certain number of planting holes with a diameter of about 6 cm are opened on the board. Like bottles and cans, as long as the selected plastic cold drink cup can be placed in it, it will reveal about 1 inch and 2 cups high. The number of planting holes depends on the size of the box. It is generally 6 to 16 acupoints. In addition, a small hole with a diameter of 2 cm is opened near the inside of the box near the side of the upper cover, which is used to peep the liquid level of the nutrient solution and to add the nutrient solution.

3. Planting cup: select materials and prepare the same bottles and cans.

4. Floating board: take a polystyrene foam board which is 2.5cm less than the net area of the box and 2.5cm thick as a floating board. There are regular holes with a diameter of 1cm to 2cm to increase the air content of the floating board and facilitate the root system to extend into the nutrient solution. The floating board is covered with a thin layer of rock wool (about 1 cm dry thickness), or glass wool of the same thickness, or 250g / m2 of non-woven cloth, which is used to absorb nutrient solution. When it is really impossible to get these things, medical sterilized skim gauze can also be used instead. The area of the cotton infiltration layer is about 6 cm more than that around the floating board, so that the excess part laid on the floating board can freely droop from around the floating board (like an apron) and soak into the nutrient solution to absorb the nutrient solution, so as to ensure that a wet layer with nutrient solution is formed on the floating board. The roots of plants can stretch freely on the floating board and have more direct contact with the air. Another part of the root system can still absorb nutrients through the four sides of the floating board or through the holes in the floating board into the nutrient solution. This method can make up for the unfavorable environment that the general hydrostatic culture can not circulate nutrient solution and oxygenation.

5. Cultivation management:

The main results are as follows: (1) pour the prepared nutrient solution into the cultivation box. At the beginning of planting, the liquid level should be slightly higher, and the floating board should touch the non-woven root roll protruding from the planting cup, so that the nutrient solution can be absorbed. The highest liquid level must have some space in the cultivation box. When the nutrient solution is reduced to 3-5 cm with the absorption and transpiration of the plant, the nutrient solution should be added until the liquid depth is about 10 cm.

(2) when the nutrients of the nutrient solution change greatly, or when there is precipitation, turbidity, stench and pathogen infection, the nutrient solution should be updated as appropriate until it is completely updated.

Requirements of hydroponic flowers for moist environment and good ventilation environment

The origin of foliage flowers is mostly in a warm and humid environment. Static hydroponics also need to create a relatively humid environment in order to make it grow well. The simple method is to spray on the leaves of flowers (in order to prevent the spray from soaking the furniture, you can move to the balcony or outdoor operation, and then move the flowers to the indoor display after spraying). It is best to use a fine hole sprinkler when spraying, so that the spray beads stick to the leaves and do not flow down. Stronger flower leaves with wax film, such as tortoise back bamboo, gentleman orchid, can be wiped with wet towels, which can not only increase the humidity of the leaves, but also remove dust from the leaves. For those larger, difficult to move flowers, you can use a shallow dish or basin to hold water next to the flowers, evaporation of water can also increase the humidity of the environment.

There should be a good ventilation environment. This is an important condition for the normal growth of flowers, static hydroponic flowers are installed in the room, if the doors and windows are closed, the air is turbid, it is disadvantageous to its growth. In particular, people go to work and leave home during the day, do not open doors and windows, and some even close curtains. In such a harsh environment, hydroponic flowers can not get the necessary light, even lack of fresh air, dissolved oxygen continues to decrease, and their growth will get worse and worse. The phenomenon of leaves yellowing and shedding, and thin and shrunken shoots. Where hydroponic flowers are placed, doors and windows should be opened regularly to form air convection, allowing fresh air from the outside to enter the room, which can increase the content of dissolved oxygen in the nutrient solution.

An air-conditioned room can of course reach the temperature needed for hydroponic flowers, but the dry air in the room will cause thin flower leaves with scorched edges and withered tips. Air-conditioned rooms are also short of fresh air, which reduces the content of dissolved oxygen. It should be ventilated timely, which is beneficial to the growth of hydroponic flowers and human health. There are places with large-scale hydroponic flower furnishings, it is more necessary to do this work well.

The light needed by hydroponic flowers

Static hydroponics choose more shade-resistant and shade-loving foliage flowers and a small number of flowers. The characteristic of this kind of flower is that it does not need strong direct light during the growing period, and some flower varieties grow well in a more shady environment. Generally placed in the indoor, living room, office, as long as there are doors and windows through the scattered light and indoor lighting, can fully meet its needs for lighting. If the light is too weak, the leaves of flowers can not carry out normal photosynthesis, can not accumulate enough nutrition, poor growth. Some colored leaf flowers, such as colored leaf grass, variable leaf wood, etc. in a weak light environment, will lose the color of the leaves and become dull, this kind of flowers can maintain the luster of leaf color only in the environment where the light is more sufficient and is not directed by strong light.

Plant growth has phototaxis, the orientation of flowers should be rotated regularly, this work can be combined with cleaning utensils and changing nutrient solution, and the flowers after root cleaning can be rotated 180 degrees relative to the original orientation, so that the flowers will not grow on one side, and the top tip will always be straight and straight upward.

How hydroponic Flowers survive the Winter safely

How to survive the winter of hydroponic flowers

In general, flowers dormant when they are below 5-8 degrees Celsius, and tissue necrosis occurs when they are below 0 degrees Celsius. Therefore, if the indoor temperature is above 5 degrees Celsius, hydroponic flowers can generally survive the winter safely; in winter in the south, the indoor temperature is generally not lower than 5 degrees Celsius, if the extremely low temperature weather occurs for a few days, it can be solved by lighting a 60-watt incandescent lamp above the flowers to solve the problem; while in the north, because there is mostly indoor heating, it can also meet the safety of hydroponic flowers to survive the winter.

Why do hydroponic flowers change water?

Because plants absorb water and inorganic salts from the nutrient solution, the nutrients in the nutrient solution will become less and less, and because of the respiration and metabolism of roots, there will be more and more harmful substances in the water. So hydroponic flowers should be replaced with a new nutrient solution after a period of growth. In fact, this and soil cultivation of flowers is the same reason, soil cultivation of flowers to fertilize and change the soil once a year is also the reason. Hydroponic flowers in the vigorous growth of spring and summer water change time interval is shorter, slow growth in autumn and winter can be longer.

Cyclamen hydroponics

Planting cyclamen in water has only begun to appear in Europe in the last year or two. Because this cultivation method makes cyclamen break away from the traditional flowerpot and matrix, it is clean and beautiful, and it can endow the blooming cyclamen plant with a variety of cultivation and application forms. As soon as it appears in the market, it has won the warm welcome of consumers. In fact, cyclamen is not difficult to grow in water. First of all, we should choose satisfactory cyclamen potted flowers and prepare containers for hydroponic cyclamen, so that when the preparation work is completed, we can begin to make hydroponic cyclamen. Hydroponic cyclamen should deduct the bought cyclamen potted flowers together with the substrate (flower soil) from the basin, put them under the faucet and wash the matrix clean with a gentle flow of water, or you can put the plant together with the matrix in a water basin filled with water. rinse the matrix in water, and then rinse it with tap water. Note that the action must be gentle in the whole process of removing the matrix to avoid damage to the roots of cyclamen. Washed cyclamen plants can be placed in a pre-prepared hydroponic container, plus water, beautiful hydroponic cyclamen is made.

It should be pointed out that there is no need to add any fertilizer to the water to cultivate cyclamen. The nutrients in the bulb roots of cyclamen can maintain the normal growth and flowering of cyclamen plants for 6 weeks. At the same time, the height of the water surface should be kept below the bulb. In general, according to the evaporation of water, water can be added to the container twice a week to maintain the height of the water surface.

In fact, in cyclamen hydroponics, cyclamen plant is only one of the factors. In order to make hydroponic cyclamen with distinctive characteristics and outstanding personality, it also depends on the selection of hydroponic utensils and the combination of cyclamen plants. It all depends on the producer's unique perspective and flexible creativity.

Water culture method of keeping ball orchid and root in water

The orchid has always been cultivated with soil. Through the experiment of exposed root hydroponics, it has the following characteristics: ① saving labor, ② sanitation, less ③ diseases and insect pests, simple ④ management, long flowering period of ⑤, and ⑥ appreciating leaves and flowers with considerable roots.

The method of water culture of dew root is:

(-) Seedling treatment: dig up the soil-grown orchids, wash them with clean water, cut off withered leaves and leaves of diseases and insect pests, and soak them in diluted flower nutrient solution for half a day.

(2) on the basin: take a glass bottle or vase (without bottom hole), put several beautiful river stones at the bottom of the bottle, move the treated orchid seedlings onto the river stone of the vase, unfold the roots, add clear water, add flower nutrient solution, and place them indoors or in a cool place.

(3) Management: first, spray leaves with clear water once a day, spray leaves with flower nutrient solution every three to four days after one or two days: change water on one side every 15 days, and add nutrient solution after changing water; third, one month after the pot, the head of orchid is injected with flower nutrient solution, half a milliliter at a time, and then once a month to promote growth, flowering and prolong flowering.

(4) it can blossom in about two to three months after potting. Flowers withered after pruning, change water, add nutrient injection, can blossom again.

There is a difference between hydroponic culture and hydroponic cultivation of flowers.

In recent years, some hydroponic and hydroponic flowers are favored by people because of their freshness and environmental protection, elegant style, easy maintenance and easy combination. On the face of it, hydroponic and hydroponic flowers are cultivated in the same form, that is, liquid conservation, so many people confuse the two. In fact, they are obviously different.

Flowers used for water culture generally have inflated bulbs, which are rich in nutrients, and their growth and flowering mainly rely on their own stored nutrients. During cultivation, it is only necessary to soak the roots in clean water and fix them without supplying nutrients. The main flowers suitable for water cultivation are daffodils, tulips, hyacinth, rich bamboo and so on. In order to make hydroponic flowers grow luxuriantly and blossom brightly, the key is to select fully developed bulbs to provide nutrients for their growth process; the second is to change water frequently and change water every 2-3 days (rich bamboo every 7-10 days) to maintain sufficient oxygen content in water and improve root activity; third, to maintain sufficient sunshine to make it grow healthily.

Hydroponic flower culture is to fix the plant root on the cover or floating board of the flowerpot and soak the root system in water, which must be equipped with reasonable inorganic nutrition, so flower hydroponics is also called nutrient solution culture. The habits and internal structure of flowers suitable for hydroponic culture are suitable for normal growth in water. At present, the main varieties cultivated are orchid, orchid, crab claw orchid, Brazilian wood, evergreen, clump taro, tortoise back bamboo, gemstone flower, hanging bamboo plum, rooting and other plants.

Northeast University of China has adopted bioengineering mutagenesis technology and has developed nine series of more than 500 species of hydroponic flowers after 8 years of efforts, including both herbaceous flowers and woody flowers, cacti and succulent plants. It also includes flowering flowers such as orchid and Phalaenopsis. With the progress of technology, some high-grade flowers introduced from abroad in recent years, such as pineapple, Anthurium andraeanum, Zhu Dinghong, etc., have also successfully realized hydroponic culture. There are also some flowers with Chinese characteristics, such as tiger tongue orchid, etc., have also been domesticated by hydroponics.

The root characteristics of hydroponic flower plants have changed, root hairs have degenerated, and most of them are vertical straight roots, unlike hydroponic plants whose roots and root hairs are reticulated. After aquatic mutagenesis, the aquatic root gene of plants has been expressed, so the leaves of real aquatic flowers will increase and thicken, and the leaves and branches will be more fresh and tender than those growing in the soil.

The key to hydroponic flower culture is to prepare a good nutrient solution. Do not use metal containers or containers containing grease, acid and alkali in the preparation of nutrient solution. When using tap water to prepare nutrient solution, a small amount of humic acid compounds should be added to treat chlorides and sulfides in the water. Hydroponic flowers are added or changed once a week, and the pH value should be controlled between 5.5 and 6.5. The nutrient solution can be used as fertilizer for other crops.

Brief introduction of Flower hydroponic Culture Technology

Hydroponic culture of flowers is a common kind of soilless cultivation, there are many methods, several commonly used are briefly described as follows.

The deep liquid flow technique is characterized by the fact that the root system of the plant is wholly or partially immersed in the nutrient solution; the nutrient solution is mobile; the nutrient solution is mixed with air to dissolve oxygen.

Nutrient film (NFT) technology is developed on the basis of plastic bag technology. The plant can be cultivated by putting an appropriate amount of nutrient solution into the plastic bag, and on this basis, the plant can be further improved: the plastic bag is changed into a plastic film and laid on a grid of a certain shape; the nutrient solution is a thin layer 0.3 to 1.0 cm thick; part of the root system of the plant is immersed in the nutrient solution and part of it is exposed to moisture; the nutrient solution flows; the plastic film wraps the plant in white and black, forming a dark space inside.

The advantages are as follows: the oxygen demand of root respiration is well solved; the structure is simple and portable, the cost is low; the plant grows fast, is easy to manage, and is suitable for large-scale production.

In the technology of aerosol culture, the nutrient solution is sprayed around the plant roots after atomization, the fog condenses on the surface of the roots, and water is absorbed by the roots. The root is continuous or discontinuous in the environment of nutrient droplet saturation, which well solves the problem of water, nutrient and oxygen supply, and the plant production is fast. Fog culture can also be used in cutting seedlings.

The water solution of glass bottle can be coated with black plastic film around the bottle, or covered with black paint, or pasted with a layer of black paper, so that the bottle is opaque. Shading is beneficial to root growth and avoid algae growth. In summer, a layer of white paper should be placed on the outside of the black bottle to cool down. Tear off the white paper in winter, use foam board to do bottle cap, open a hole in the middle, clip the plant, cover the bottle cap, the top of the cap should also be black. Fill the bottle with nutrient solution, not too full, and leave pores for plants to breathe oxygen. If the water is inserted to promote the root, it is not necessary to use the nutrient solution, as long as the water can be injected, and then change the nutrient solution after the root grows. Specific operation process:

The seedlings can change the nutrient solution once a week according to the situation. Adult flowers are changed once a week in the summer peak growing season and once in 1 to 2 weeks in the non-growing season.

Take a breath and open the bottle cap for a while every morning and evening, leaving the roots completely exposed to the air. After a period of adaptation, there can be no ventilation for more than one month.

Rehydration flowers grow vigorously in summer and consume a lot of water, so you should always replenish water in the bottle to prevent the nutrient solution from drying up.

The preparation of hydroponic nutrient solution can be made with fertilizer tablets sold on the market or chemical fertilizers. If there are conditions, you can prepare it by yourself, and the formula is as follows:

Formula 1: (PH value 6mur6.5)

Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.44g / L; potassium sulfate 0.14g / L; calcium nitrate 0.59g / L; ammonium nitrate 0.19g / L; magnesium sulfate 0.53g / L; trace elements 2ml; Fe-EDTA2 ml.

Formula 2: (PH value 6Mui 65)

Calcium nitrate 1.64g / L; magnesium sulfate 0.98g / L; potassium nitrate 1.01g / L; trace elements 2ml; potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.27g / L; Fe-EDTA2 ml.

Preparation method of trace element solution:

Boric acid 2.86g, zinc oxide 0.11g, manganese chloride 181g, copper dichloride 0.05g, sodium molybdate 0.025 g. The above drugs are dissolved in 800ml of water and then dissolved to 1000 ml.

Multi-method hydroponic culture of flowers

① water interpolation is the simplest and most successful method. Cut off a part of the stem and branch from the selected flower mother plant, insert it into the water, take root and sprout in a suitable environment and grow into a new plant. When cutting branches, they should be cut at 3-5 mm below the node, and the cross section should be flat and there should be no longitudinal cracks. When cutting branches with aerial roots, the aerial roots should be protected and inserted into the water. Green pineapple, rich bamboo and so on are suitable for hydroponic culture.

② root washing method: select flowers with ornamental value, strong growth, soil cultivation (or other media) formed flowers, remove soil, wash roots and change to hydroponic culture, it is best to use flowing water when washing roots. The washed flowers are planted in prepared utensils and injected with tap water that does not pass through the root system. Initially change the water once a day, wash the roots and utensils at the same time, and reduce the number of water changes after a week. Waiting for the cultivated flowers to grow new roots in the water shows that they have adapted to the hydroponic environment and can change the water every 7-10 days or even longer.

③ stripping method of tillering buds: suitable for flowers with strong tillering ability, such as orchid, pineapple and so on. The method is simple and the survival rate is high. Select the larger tiller bud, remove the connection between the upper soil and the mother plant, peel the tiller bud off the mother plant (protect the root of the tiller bud) with hand or sharp blade, wash the soil attached to the root, and cultivate it by hydroponic culture.

④ picking stem small plant method: some flowers grow in the growth process, there are one or more small plants on the walking stem, most of them have a small number of fully developed roots, such as Cymbidium and pineapple have this characteristic, take advantage of this characteristic of flowers, pick the shaped plantlets hydroponic culture, very simple.

Hydroponic flowers should choose tortoise back bamboo, gentleman orchid, green apple, iron orchid, Guangdong evergreen, purple back evergreen, rich bamboo, hanging orchid and bulb flower tulips, lilies, hyacinth, Zhu Dinghong, calamus orchid and so on.

Strategies for the difficulties of hydroponic Flower cultivation in Summer

First, where are the difficulties of hydroponic flowers in summer?

Answer: hydroponic flowers are used to cultivate ornamental plants in a non-solid medium (water or adding an appropriate amount of plant nutrient solution to water). At present, most of the hydroponic flowers in the family are cultivated in still water, and the dissolved oxygen is lower than 1mg/l, and the flowers barely maintain life in anoxic utensils. With the increase of temperature in summer, the vigorous physiological metabolism of plants, the multiplication of microorganisms, the sharp increase of oxygen consumption, the continuous decrease of dissolved oxygen and the deterioration of water quality, many unfavorable factors are formed for the growth of hydroponic flowers, which may cause root rot and wilting of branches and leaves. even kill the whole flower. Therefore, in summer, in addition to preventing heat and high temperature, increasing the oxygen content of nutrient solution is the key to ensure the safety of hydroponic flowers in summer.

Water with silver grass

Second, how to improve the content of dissolved oxygen in nutrient solution?

Answer: there are many ways to increase dissolved oxygen, which can be summarized as chemical method and physical method. The following are several methods that are easy to operate and effective.

1. Increase the number of times to change nutrient solution

Changing the nutrient solution is the easiest way to increase dissolved oxygen. According to the measurement, the dissolved oxygen content of the fresh nutrient solution is 70%-90% higher than that of the original solution, which can improve the physiological hypoxia of flowers in time.

Flowers that have taken root in water are suitable to change the nutrient solution no more than 7 days in 3-5 days. When changing the nutrient solution, pay attention to the temperature difference between the new solution and the original solution should not be too large, too large temperature difference may cause flower root physiological disorder.

When changing the liquid, we should patiently rinse the roots with clean water, remove withered and rotten roots, and truncate the aged roots to promote the growth of new roots.

If the nutrient solution suddenly becomes turbid, or there are mosquito eggs or mosquito breeding, you should immediately replace the new nutrient solution.

two。 Vibrating oxygenation

For hydroponic flowers with smaller utensils, as long as the root system is clear and the nutrient solution is clear, the vibration method can be used to increase oxygen by fixing the flowers with one hand and gently shaking the utensils with the other hand. After shaking, the dissolved oxygen content of the nutrient solution can be increased by more than 30%.

Hydroponic flowers with turbid nutrient solution and stunted root system should not adopt the method of vibrating oxygen enrichment, and the nutrient solution must be changed thoroughly.

3. Using automatic water exchanger for hydroponic flower culture

The content of dissolved oxygen in flowing water can reach 8~12mg/l, but only 1mg/l in still water. The automatic water changer for hydroponic flowers is designed and made according to this principle. The whole frame is a flower cultivation vessel, which is equipped with a miniature circulating pump. The outlet end of the pump is connected to the set pipe, and the nutrient solution circulates in the pipe when working, increasing the dissolved oxygen for the absorption of flowers. After the pump stops working, the root system maintains a certain liquid level. There is no doubt that the cultivation with automatic water changer is to soak hydroponic flowers in the "oxygen bar", and its growth is obviously better than that of static hydroponics.

The cleaning and changing liquid of hydroponic flower automatic water changer is generally once every 30 to 35 days.

4. Inflate a vessel

If there is a tank of ornamental fish next to the aquarium while cultivating flowers, you can use the spare outlet pipe of the fish tank air supply pump to connect the rubber pipe and put the sand head into the static hydroponic flower utensils to inflate (the air flow is not too large, so as not to splash the nutrient solution), and the effect is also good with the flow of air to increase oxygen.

Third, where should hydroponic flowers be placed in summer?

Answer: most of the flowers selected in hydroponic culture are shade-resistant foliage flowers and flowers and leaves and ornamental flowers. Such as taro, white jade evergreen, silver taro, candle, pineapple and so on. These flowers like to be warm and humid, slightly resistant to shade, and avoid high temperature and dry heat. "hydroponic culture" only changes the cultivation form, but it is impossible to change its growth habits and the required environmental factors. It is best to put hydroponic flowers in bright light, slightly higher humidity, cooler and well-ventilated environment in summer. Avoid direct sunlight, but can not be too shaded, so as not to hinder the photosynthesis of flowers, weaken growth, elongate stem nodes and thin leaves. Resulting in colored blocks, colored flower leaves lose their luster.

Can hydroponic flowers be placed in an air-conditioned room?

A: yes. However, hydroponic flowers should not be placed in the air outlet of the air conditioner, the wind speed is too fast will hurt the branches and leaves, light leaves curl, heavy scorched edge withered. It is also considered that the temperature requirement of flowers during the day is higher than that at night. If the air conditioner is turned off at night, the ambient temperature is higher than the daytime temperature when the air conditioner is turned on, which is disadvantageous to the growth of hydroponic flowers.

When turning on the air conditioner, put a basin of water next to the flowers or spray to the leaves to increase the environmental humidity. The flowers are placed far away from the air outlet of the air conditioner, and there is no problem that the temperature difference between day and night is small.

Fifth, what about the rotten roots of hydroponic flowers?

A: as the air temperature continues to rise, the water temperature will also rise, microbial culture will accelerate, dissolved oxygen will decrease, and the water quality will deteriorate. Improper addition of nutrient solution and too high dissolved concentration may lead to root rot of hydroponic flowers, especially Zhu banana of Liliaceae, horsetail iron (fine leaf millennium wood) and five-colored millennium wood.

Flowers with rotten roots can regain their growth by using the following methods:

① removes all the rotting roots, and the infected part of the stem should be cut off with a sharp knife.

②-trimmed flowers were immersed in 0.5% potassium permanganate solution for 10 minutes and 20 minutes to sterilize.

③ takes out the soaked flowers and rinses them in running water.

The flowers washed by ④ are put into the original utensils and cultivated in clean water (the utensils should be washed).

⑤ every two days to change the water, only change the water without nutrient solution. The water quality is clear, which can reduce the number of water changes. New roots can sprout after 10-15 days.

The newly sprouted roots of ⑥ were still cultivated in clear water, when the temperature was stable at 18-25 ℃, and cultivated in nutrient solution.

Sixth, how to breed algae in nutrient solution?

Answer: algae in nutrient solution is a common phenomenon in the process of hydroponic flower cultivation. Especially in summer, high temperature, good transparency of utensils, bright environment, or changing nutrient solution for too long, will lead to a large number of algae breeding. Algae and flowers take oxygen, and secretions pollute the solution, resulting in a decline in the quality of nutrient solution. The algae attached to the flower roots hinder the respiration of the roots and interfere with the normal physiological activities of the flowers.

Once the nutrient solution breeds algae, decisively pour out the contaminated solution, thoroughly wash the utensils, brush off the algae attached to the roots, and replace the new nutrient solution.

At present, Chinese scientists are studying a kind of "algae-eating insect", which can filter and feed on algae, which is called the natural "nemesis" of algae damage. Once the experiment is successful and popularized, a small amount of "algae-eating insect" can be put into the hydroponic flower nutrient solution to eliminate the breeding of algae.

The reproduction of algae depends on good light. Use baffles or old newspapers to cover hydroponic flower utensils to avoid direct light, and the chances of algae breeding will be relatively reduced.

What kind of fertilizer is used for hydroponic flowers? How to fertilize in summer?

Answer: hydroponic flower is a special cultivation form, which belongs to a cultivation method of soilless cultivation. The root system of flowers is anchored in water (or special plant nutrient solution), also known as nutrient solution cultivation.

Hydroponic flowers should be cultivated with matching plant nutrient solution. However, different flowers need different nutrient elements at different growth stages. if five, six or even more than a dozen bottles of hydroponic flowers are cultivated at the same time, and the varieties are different, it is not realistic to buy a matching bottle of plant nutrient solution for each kind of flower. For simplicity, you can choose to use a universal plant nutrient solution.

The general-purpose plant nutrient solution generally contains all the nutrient elements (including a large number of elements and trace elements) necessary for flower growth, the proportion of various elements is balanced, and the inorganic salt is in an ionic state, which has a wide range of application. it is suitable for the nutrient needs of different flower varieties in the growth stage, and the non-toxic, harmless, pH value and ion concentration are conducive to nutrition absorption.

There are many kinds of plant nutrient solution sold in the market, the good and the bad are intermingled. It is best to go to the hydroponic flower store to buy reputable products from manufacturers.

There are different opinions on whether to cultivate with nutrient solution or only with clear water in summer. according to the author's experience, the flowers with high temperature tolerance and strong growth are cultivated with nutrient solution, and the flowers with slender roots and semi-dormant or dormant temperature at about 30 ℃ are cultivated only with clear water. Such as silver taro, green pineapple, mini tortoise back bamboo, ruby, Xi Lin taro, etc., cultivated with nutrient solution is suitable to maintain the growth advantage and enhance the ornamental taste. Colorful leaf grass, bamboo crabapple, pineapple and other flowers, a bottle of water can safely spend the summer.

The allocation of nutrient solution should be in strict accordance with the proportion indicated in the instructions, and the concentration should not be increased at will. Because the root tissue structure of flowers germinated in hydroponics has changed, which is looser and larger than that of soil cultivation. The cell wall becomes thin and absorbs water, nutrients and oxygen directly from the nutrient solution. It is extremely sensitive to the concentration of the nutrient solution, and too high concentration is harmful to flowers. As long as the concentration of a large number of elements is not lower than the level of 1 liter of micro-friction, lower concentration is beneficial to the growth of flowers.

It is appropriate to change the nutrient solution every 5 days in summer.

Can you change soil-grown flowers into hydroponic flowers in summer?

Answer: soil-cultivated flowers are hydroponic flowers, which is the most suitable in spring and autumn, when the temperature is about 15-25 ℃, which is suitable for flower growth and easy to adapt to the changed cultivation environment. The following factors should be considered in order to change the cultivation form of flowers in summer: ① selects the quality that is closely related to wet flowers. The flowers with normal growth and sound development are still growing normally when the temperature of ② is about 30 ℃. The experiment shows that the survival rate of Amorphophallus, mini-tortoise-backed bamboo, ruby Amorphophallus, Hulk, green pineapple and some pineapple flowers is higher in summer from soil cultivation to hydroponic culture, they adapt to hydroponic environment quickly, and their roots rarely rot. After 15-20 days cultivation, not only the lateral roots of the old roots, but also the end of the rhizome can germinate hydroponic roots.

When changing from soil cultivation to hydroponic culture, the soil in the rhizosphere of flowers should be cleaned up. Rinse repeatedly to protect the root system from damage or damage. Take containers with large capacity for cultivation, change water once a day, five days later, change water once every 2-3 days, water roots grow to 5 cm long, and cultivated with low concentration plant nutrient solution.

Hydroponic Culture of Phyllostachys pubescens

Liliaceae, also known as longevity bamboo, is native to western Brazil and Africa.

Features

Evergreen shrubs. Plant shape slender and erect, unbranched. Leaves long lanceolate, dark green, petiole sheathlike. Common are Phnom Penh rich bamboo, leaves with yellow vertical stripes. Silver edge rich bamboo, also known as edge bamboo banana, the plant is small, the leaf edge is inlaid with silver and white vertical stripes.

Habit

Like high temperature and humidity, the overwintering temperature should be kept above 10 degrees. Avoid direct sunlight in summer, otherwise it will burn the leaves.

Key points of water training

1: when the air is too dry, the leaves will be scorched. During the growing period, water should be often sprayed on the leaves.

2: suitable for sufficient scattered light, when the light is insufficient, the color of the striped species will become lighter.

Hydroponic culture method of Anthurium andraeanum

Candle genus of Araceae, also known as andrographis andraeanum

Features

Perennial evergreen herbs. Internodes short, leaves protruding from plant base. Leaves round-shaped, heart-shaped or ovoid, dark green. Pedicels grow from leaf axils. The spawn is erect, waxy, glossy, orange-red or scarlet, and the inflorescence of fleshy spikes is yellow.

Habit

Like high temperature, humid and semi-overcast environment, avoid direct sunlight. The suitable temperature for growth is 20-30 degrees and the overwintering temperature should be above 10 degrees.

Culture

Ramet, tissue culture.

Key points of water training

1: it is not cold-resistant, it is necessary to keep warm in winter.

2: prefer high air humidity and semi-overcast environment.

Methods for obtaining hydroponic materials

Wash the roots with potted plants

Hydroponic culture of rhododendron

Soilless cultivation is characterized by replacing soil with man-made substrates. The soilless cultivation of rhododendron with solid substrate in Hunan Forestry Institute has achieved very satisfactory results. The variety is summer cuckoo, the crown structure of soilless cultivation is compact, the number of flowering is large, the flower diameter is large, and there are few diseases and insect pests. It not only improves the quality of flowers, but also greatly reduces the heavy physical work, so it is a cultivation method worth popularizing.

1. Preparation of matrix

The root system of rhododendron is very slender, which requires loose matrix to facilitate air permeability and drainage. 1 part of vermiculite, 1 part of pearl sand, 1 part of river sand and 1 part of cinder were mixed in proportion. After mixing the substrate, sterilize it with 0.1% carbendazim solution, mix it evenly into the substrate and cover the plastic film for 1 day. Then rinse with clean water for many times, dry, mix well with 0.4% agricultural compound fertilizer solution, then cover it with plastic film for a month, and then use it in the basin.

two。 Preparation of nutrient solution

Azaleas have strict requirements for fertilizers. During the growing period, thin fertilizer is applied diligently. According to the experiment, good results can be obtained by spraying low concentration foliar fertilizer with agricultural compound fertilizer as the main fertilizer, supplemented with trace elements, PH value controlled at about 5.

The preparation of a large number of elements: 1 liter of water plus 2 grams of agricultural compound fertilizer and 0.5 grams of magnesium sulfate is the standard solution.

The preparation of trace elements: 1 liter of water plus 20 grams of disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate, 15 grams of ferrous sulfate, 4 grams of manganese sulfate, 6 grams of boric acid, 0.2 grams of zinc sulfate, 0.1 grams of copper sulfate and 0.2 grams of ammonium molybdate as mother liquor. When in use, 1 liter of standard liquid and 1 ml of trace element mother liquid are all elements. The preparation of foliar fertilizer: 1g urea, 1g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.02g boric acid and 0.1g V.B1 in 1 liter of water.

3. Water and fertilizer management

Because the substrate has good drainage and air permeability, but the water retention is poor, so the amount of water is generally more than that of soil culture, in order to keep the substrate moist; at this time, pregnant buds and leaf buds germinate, requiring a large amount of fertilizer, and the full amount of nutrient solution is poured once in about 10 days. From March until the buds burst, foliar fertilizer is sprayed every 15 days or so. After flowering, there is a large amount of water, in addition to watering every day, foliar watering should be carried out in the evening. At this time, the amount of fertilizer is also large, so it can be changed to irrigate the nutrient solution once a week and spray foliar fertilizer once a week to promote the sturdiness of new branches and facilitate flower bud differentiation. After the ambush, pay attention to keep the substrate moist, and sprinkle water to the leaf surface, the amount of fertilizer can be reduced to about 20 days to pour nutrient solution. After the autumn is cool, you can gradually increase the amount of fertilizer, apply a full amount of nutrient solution once in half a month, and spray 1 Mel foliar fertilizer twice to promote the robust growth of flower buds. After the beginning of winter, the physiological activity of rhododendron is weak, so it is not suitable to apply fertilizer, but can be watered properly according to the dry and wet degree of the substrate. In the process of cultivation, there were almost no diseases and insect pests.

Hydroponic Culture method of Brown Bamboo

Palm family palm bamboo, also known as Guanyin bamboo. Originated in Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan and other places.

Features

Evergreen tufted shrubs. Stem Terete, unbranched, jointed as bamboo, with brown coarse fibrous leaf sheaths, such as brown. Leaves concentrated on stem tip, leathery, dark green and glossy, palmately parted, lobes 4-10 branches. Dioecious.

Habit

Like warm, humid and well-ventilated environment. The suitable temperature for growth is 20-30 degrees, which should be kept above 4 degrees in winter and can withstand a short-term low temperature of about 0 degrees.

Culture

General ramet combined with turning the basin, select the plants with large and dense plants, first lift the plants out of the basin, then divide the plants into several clumps with a sharp knife, cut the roots as little as possible, and the separated plants maintain a certain plant shape, and then re-basin, pour water through and put it in a semi-shady and humid place, and often spray water to the leaves, which can be transferred to normal maintenance after resuming growth.

The seeds were sown in the basin with harvest after the seeds matured in autumn, moved into the greenhouse in winter, and emerged in the following spring.

Key points of water training

1: it is easy to produce yellow leaves when it is shady but the light is too weak, and parasites are breed when it is poorly ventilated.

2: always spray water on the leaf surface during the growing period.

The method of obtaining hydroponic material

It is appropriate to wash the roots in a potted plant. The root texture of brown bamboo is relatively hard, and it is not easy to rot after hydroponic culture, but it takes more than one and a half months to sprout new roots.

Hydroponic culture method of purple goose down

Originated in Indonesia, Compositae Panax notoginseng genus, also known as purple panax notoginseng and so on.

Features

Purple velvet is a perennial herb or subshrub with stout and branched stems. Leaves opposite, long ovate. The leaf margin is thickly doubly serrated. Named for the fuchsia hairs of stems and leaves that are densely clothed like velvet. Purple velvet color is bright, beautiful and elegant, and it is an excellent flower species for indoor flower cultivation.

Habit

Purple velvet likes plenty of sunshine, but when it is hot in summer and autumn, it should be placed in a semi-overcast environment. Direct sunlight will scorch the leaves due to sunburn, but when it is overcast, the plants will fade and turn green. The overwintering temperature should be kept above 10 degrees.

Culture

Purple velvet is cultured by cutting. Choose sturdy branches when growing, cut 10 cm long branches as cuttings, and put them in a sunshade and wet place after cutting. they can take root in 2 to 3 weeks. After the cuttage seedling grows, the heart should be picked in time to promote the lateral branch germination.

Key points of water training

1: the branches can be cut and inserted into the water, and the water roots can grow in more than 10 days. But it is easy to rot when it is hot in summer.

2: purple velvet grows rapidly, when the branch grows to a proper height, it is necessary to pick the heart in time to promote the germination of new shoots.

Hydroponic Culture method of Pocket Coconut

Palm family pocket coconut, also known as dwarf coconut, etc., native to Mexico and Venezuela.

Features

Small evergreen trees with dwarf plants. Stem slender and erect, unbranched, dark green, with irregular rings. Leaf clusters born at the top of the stem, pinnately compound leaves, 20-40 leaflets, sickle-shaped, dark green, full of luster.

Habit

Like a warm, humid and semi-overcast environment. The suitable temperature for growth is 20-30 degrees, entering the dormancy period at 13 degrees, and the lowest overwintering temperature in winter is 3 degrees.

Key points of water training

1: avoid direct sunlight, otherwise the leaves will become withered and yellow, but the color of the leaves will be light when they are too overcast.

2: the plant shape of pocket coconut is the most beautiful when it is 30cm to 50cm. When the plant is too high, it will reduce the ornamental value because of the baldness in the lower part. Small plants can be cultivated below when planting.

Acquisition of hydroponic materials

The method of potted root washing was used. New roots can grow in a few days after washing.

Hydroponic culture method of cactus

We know that the cactus is favored by people because of its unique drought tolerance and beautiful appearance, but the cactus is dirty and difficult to manage because of its traditional cultivation methods. more people make beloved plants die because of poor fertilizer and water management. Now the cultivation of cactus has entered a new stage of hydroponics.

1: choose the female parent

First of all, we should choose the cactus with a strong sphere, and the key is to select the plant with the lower rhizome protruding downward. The cactus grafted with Mitsubishi sword is easier to be hydroponically cultured.

2: processin

After selecting the female parent, the original dead root under the sphere is completely cut off, and the cut mouth is required to be flat. Then rinse the soil attached to the rhizome with clean water and dry it in a dry place for 3 days to make the incision completely dry.

3: hydroponics

Prepare a glass bottle of the right size, or process it with a mineral water bottle, fix the flower mud of the cactus or foam at the mouth of the bottle, and add the nutrient solution, which is just high enough to touch the rhizome. In production, we recommend making a glass sink with a length of 60-100cm and a width of 20cm (transparent utensils can easily observe the contact surface between the liquid surface and the rhizome), prepare foam puzzles for children or foam boards for white buildings, and dig several triangular holes with sharp knives on the layout (the golden tiger can be fixed by cutting the mouth of the waste pure water bottle upside down. Note: cut off the mouth of the bottle so that the root of the golden tiger can be exposed from the cut mouth and then placed in a flat body with nutrient solution.) insert the Mitsubishi sword into the triangle hole, when the roots of all Mitsubishi swords are in contact with the liquid surface.

four. Post-treatment of hydroponics

Buy two magnets with a diameter of 6-10cm and put them into utensils in order to magnetize the nutrient solution and speed up the formation of aquatic roots. (you can also buy a small suction wall submersible pump for ecological fish tank from the market, which can be adsorbed on the inner wall of the nutrient solution and electrified to realize the flow and oxygen circulation of the nutrient solution.

5: the key points of water training.

The planted cactus is placed in an environment with strong scattered light, and the temperature is kept above 20 degrees Celsius. Change the nutrient solution immediately after the emergence of water rooting.

Note:

It is forbidden to spray water on the cactus in the process of mutagenesis, which can easily lead to the decay and necrosis of the sphere.

What should the family hydroponic magnolia pay attention to?

Hydroponic cultivation of Junzi orchid is a hygienic and simple cultivation method, which should be paid attention to in family cultivation.

① container selection. There should be no holes in the bottom of the cultivation container, and it is better to choose a transparent one, so that you can see not only the leaves and flowers, but also the roots. Glass bottles can be used; non-toxic plastic bottles or ceramic containers can also be used. The size of the container depends on the plant size, and the caliber should not be too large.

The solution cultivated by ②. It can be nutrient solution or clear water, but foliar fertilization should be paid attention to when cultured in clear water to supply the nutrients needed for the growth of Cymbidium.

③ change the liquid. Hydroponic Magnolia needs to change liquid regularly, the number of liquid change depends on the weather conditions, when the temperature is low, it can be changed about once a month; when the temperature is high, it can be changed once every 10 days, pay attention to wash the cultivation container when changing liquid.

How to scientifically cultivate Zhu Dinghong in water

In early winter, choose one or more red balls that have flowered or not flowered, cut off all the roots and leaves, peel off the dark brown skin, reveal white and green, and soak in clean water. After about 48 hours, take out the ball, wash off the paste of the incision with clean water, dry and put it into the flower organ. Flower utensils can be bowls, pots or daffodils, etc., put into washed pebbles, perlite, absorbent rocks, etc., and then put on the treated Zhu Dinghong bulb. Then pour in clear water, preferably clear spring water (if tap water is used, it must be placed for a few days). The depth of the water should be about 1 cm lower than that of cushions such as pebbles or flower utensils. The leaves and roots began to grow after about 10 ℃ at room temperature. The water in the basin should always be kept at the original water level. When the leaf grows to 2-3 cm, it is necessary to replenish fertilizer in time, and add 1% urea solution or 0.03% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution or other compound fertilizer solution containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium every 10-20 days. At the end of the next spring, the bulbs with roots were planted in flowerpots for routine maintenance. In this way, the hydroponic bulbs bloom a little later than other conventional potted plants, just in time for the summer blooming period.

Technical management of hydroponics

1. What is hydroponics? Answer: hydroponic culture, also known as soilless cultivation or nutrient solution cultivation, is an agricultural production technology that uses nutrient solution and its supporting facilities to cultivate crops without soil. In order to fix the plant and increase the air content, most hydroponic plants use inert sand, gravel, peat and perlite as solid matrix, so it is also called sand culture, gravel culture, peat culture and so on. Since the history of human cultivation, crops have been planted on the soil, so the word agriculture in English is an Agrculfure synthesized by Agr and Culture. In 1699, British scientist Woodward used three different kinds of water, namely, Rain Water, river and garden soil leachate, to grow peppermint. As a result, the mint planted with garden soil extract grew the fastest. Therefore, it is concluded that "the growth of plants is determined by some substances in the soil". Unfortunately, due to technical limitations at that time, Woodward did not conduct further research. Until 1859 Mel-1865, German scientists Satchis and Knopp carried out the first accurate experiment of soilless cultivation and succeeded in cultivating plants with artificial nutrient solution made of inorganic salts. They called this method hydroponic culture. Sargis and Knopp are therefore recognized as the founders of soilless cultivation technology.

◆ 2. What are hydroponic flowers? A: hydroponic flowers are flowers grown using soilless cultivation techniques. Hydroponic flowers are divided into hydroponic flowers with media and hydroponic flowers without media. Hydroponic culture with medium is the sand culture and gravel culture mentioned above; media-free hydroponic flowers are divided into direct hydroponic flowers, floating hydroponic flowers, planting basket hydroponic flowers, atomized hydroponic flowers, drip irrigation under nutrient film and other cultivation forms. Each cultivation form has its own advantages and disadvantages, but if it is only measured in terms of beauty and home cultivation applicability, direct hydroponics is the most fashionable, beautiful and simple, so the hydroponic plants sold on the market are generally direct hydroponics.

◆ 3. Why is nutrient solution the key to the success of hydroponic flower culture? Answer: we all know that soilless cultivation is a very simple and mature technology when using inert substrate as a medium in a greenhouse environment, because there are computers to timely control humidity, temperature, light intensity, nutrient injection time, and so on, as well as specialized technicians to test the PH of nutrient solution and the balance of various elements with acidity meters and conductometers, which are difficult to achieve when used in a home environment. First of all, if the hydroponic flowers placed in the home are still cultivated in the matrix, there is no difference in aesthetics with soil cultivation, so the hydroponic flowers in the home should be soilless cultivation without medium. in the case of no medium, the plant is easy to have rotten roots and stink; this requires that the nutrient solution must be able to make the plant not rotten root, smell, smell and grow normally. In addition, household hygiene needs, which requires that the nutrient solution is not easy to breed mosquitoes and is non-toxic. In addition, the light at home can not be adjusted at any time like a solar greenhouse, which requires that the nutrient solution should be able to reduce the threshold of plant photosynthesis, so that it can grow well in the office and home environment. What's more, it is impossible to require every user to have special botanical knowledge like a botanist, so the nutrient solution must be easy to use and easy to operate, and everyone will learn it. Therefore, hydroponic flowers suitable for home cultivation have higher technical requirements for nutrient solution. Since mankind mastered the technology of soilless cultivation, scientists have successfully studied no less than tens of thousands of nutrient solution formulations, but it is very rare for nutrient solution formulations to meet the above requirements at the same time. Moreover, because of commercial interests, major flower companies regard their own nutrient solution technology as the first secret technology, so the nutrient solution formula that can be obtained from public data is only a theoretical or experimental formulation. can only be used as a reference material and can not be used in production activities. As a matter of fact, whether a nutrient solution is suitable for use in a household environment, as long as you try it, you only need to see whether the plant it shows is growing vigorously and with or without water roots, because it is still the same saying: "practice is the only criterion for testing truth!"

◆ 4. How can hydroponic flowers survive the winter safely? Answer: general flowers dormant when below 5-8 degrees Celsius, and tissue necrosis occurs when below 0 degrees Celsius. Therefore, if the indoor temperature is above 5 degrees Celsius, hydroponic flowers can generally survive the winter safely; in winter in the south, the indoor temperature is generally not lower than 5 degrees Celsius, if the extremely low temperature weather occurs for a few days, it can be solved by lighting a 60-watt incandescent lamp above the flowers to solve the problem; while in the north, because there is mostly indoor heating, it can also meet the safety of hydroponic flowers to survive the winter.

◆ 5. Can hydroponic flowers only cultivate some specific flowers? A: in modern greenhouses, generally speaking, our common popular flowers can be hydroponically cultivated. But in the home environment, because some specific conditions can not be met, so at present can only cultivate some semi-shady and shady flowers, in the balcony home suitable varieties are more.

◆ 6. Can ornamental fish grow normally in hydroponic flowers? How to deal with the change of water and normal feeding? A: because the "hydroponic Flower King" nutrient solution is completely non-toxic and rich in all kinds of minerals, fish can grow well in it. Each of our specialty stores has a model for raising fish in hydroponic flowers, just to tell guests this information. Generally speaking, the volume of more than one liter of hydroponic flowers is suitable for fish culture, and because the volume is limited, there should be a choice in the species of fish. Should choose some more adaptable fish species, such as goldfish, Xiao Jinli, etc., some aggressive or destructive fish should not be raised in hydroponic flowers, because it will harm plant roots; and some delicate fish are not suitable, because raising in a special aquarium is difficult to succeed, not to mention in a small vase with relatively poor conditions. The change of water can be carried out at the same time as the normal change of water for flowers, and it is the same as we usually raise fish in the fish tank, and there is no difference. As the special substances in the "hydroponic Flower King" nutrient solution can improve the oxygen solubility of water to facilitate the respiration of plant roots, fish generally do not lack oxygen in the nutrient solution, so there is no need to install oxygenation equipment on non-particularly hot days.

◆ 7. What are the water requirements for hydroponic flower dilution? Answer: the nutrient solution of Shuipaihuawang is highly concentrated and must be diluted before it can be used; when diluted, tap water can fully meet the requirements, and there is no need to use barreled water or pure water. If well water or river water is used, water quality tests should be carried out to understand the mineral content in the water. If the mineral content in the water exceeds the standard, the formula of the nutrient solution should be adjusted to facilitate the normal growth of plants. In the process of dilution, tap water can be directly used to dilute the nutrient solution without waiting for the chlorine in the water to volatilize, because the unique formula of the king of hydroponics will make the chlorine in the tap water volatilize quickly. however, if the difference between water temperature and room temperature is too big, it is necessary to let the diluted nutrient solution sit indoors for a period of time to prevent plant root hair damage caused by sudden changes in temperature, causing plant wilting.

◆ 8. What is planting basket hydroponics? Answer: planting basket hydroponic culture is a kind of hydroponic cultivation method based on the hydrotaxis principle of plant roots. The principle of hydrotaxis is that the root tip of a plant always grows in the direction of sufficient water, which is shown in that when the topsoil of a plant is short of water, in order to protect itself, its root tip will grow into a deeper soil. In order to absorb the water needed for plant growth and development and adapt to natural changes, the root growth has a very obvious direction: plants growing in swamps or water will not lack water, so the root growth is more chaotic. There is no obvious direction. So if you put a potted plant on the mouth of a wide-mouth glass bottle filled with water, the bottom does not need to be in direct contact with water, and the interval is about 1cm. The bonsai is not watered and only sprays a small amount of water. After about a week or so, the root at the bottom of the bonsai will grow into the water. At this time, you do not need to add water to make its roots grow longer and longer as the water level drops. If you use some fast-growing plants to do experiments, the effect will be more obvious. Similarly, you take off the bonsai that is already full of roots in the water and fix the plant with a planting basket, and decorate it with stones or decorations to become a pot of hydroponic flowers. The difference is that because there is no soil, you have to change the water into a nutrient solution. It's as simple as that.

◆ 9. Why do hydroponic flowers change water? Answer: because plants absorb water and inorganic salts from the nutrient solution, the nutrients in the nutrient solution will become less and less, and because of root respiration and metabolism, there will be more and more harmful substances in the water. So hydroponic flowers should be replaced with a new nutrient solution after a period of growth. In fact, this and soil cultivation of flowers is the same reason, soil cultivation of flowers to fertilize and change the soil once a year is also the reason. Hydroponic flowers in the vigorous growth of spring and summer water change time interval is shorter, slow growth in autumn and winter can be longer.

◆ 10. Why do hydroponic flowers sometimes become weaker and weaker or grow less exuberant? Answer: it is possible that the time interval of changing liquid is too long, the proportion of nutrient solution is not right (too light or too thick) or the light is too weak. If you rule out these factors, it depends on whether the high water level of nutrient solution makes the plant roots unable to breathe normally and cause hypoxia; if these are not, then we suggest that you had better consult the franchise store of Shuihua King.

The Disclosure of hydroponic Flower Market-- distinguishing true and false hydroponic flowers

At present, many companies have joined hydroponic flower shops, and there is an uproar all over the country, especially a company franchise store in Beijing will spread all over the country. As a researcher, I did not want to express my point of view. however, in order to maintain the healthy development of hydroponic flowers in our country, I have to complain about everything. Because the scam will not only damage the interests of consumers, but also cast a shadow on the hydroponic industry. at present, it is the low temperature season, and the respiration of plants is weak. After washing their roots, plants can be soaked in water for a period of time. Drowning-tolerant plants, such as Araceae, can be raised in water for 1-2 months, but as soon as the weather becomes hot and the physiological respiration of plants is strong, there will be hypoxia and rotting roots immediately. It is only one of the epiphyllum to buy dozens or hundreds of hydroponic works, which not only harms the interests of consumers, but also greatly affects the development of hydroponic industry. Now it reveals the "deception" from a scientific point of view.

1. The plants sold in the franchise store are basically Araceae plants. In winter, the growth rate of these plants slows down and their respiration becomes weaker. In addition, Araceae plants have a close relationship with aquatic plants and have strong drowning tolerance. Directly soaked in water after root washing, there is no uncomfortable reaction on the plant for a while, but it is impossible for it to thrive in water. It can only maintain the balance of water metabolism. The absorption of nutrients and respiratory function are seriously hindered, as soon as the weather becomes hot, the roots will be anoxic, stink and rot. Other terrestrial plants cannot achieve this method at all, so this is the main reason why they can only engage in Araceae plants to "deceive" at present. Their so-called mutagenic solution. I think it's better and more practical to call it "decoy". It is impossible for plants to change their tissue structure in a few minutes.

2. The high franchise fee charged by franchise sales is itself a kind of commercial hype, and if the goods are genuine, and if the technology is unique, it can also be said to be able to dominate the market truly has the significance of joining, and now this kind of joining can be said to be a fraud of money. one of its technologies has no scientific and technological content, that is, washing its roots and soaking in water, even fools can be concocted at a glance, and falsely, some training fees amount to 18800 yuan. Second, after decades of development, hydroponic technology itself is no longer a unique technology of a certain company, and it is impossible to monopolize the market by joining. Other hydroponic flower shops can also operate, and the funds are better and the technology is better than that of franchisees. Turning off the franchise fee is tantamount to being wasted. The real hydroponic flowers are not suitable for long-distance transport. in fact, what they are selling now are all the products after washing the roots of soil-grown seedlings, so it may be more accurate to say that pure-root flowers.

3. Hint: Araceae plants can be soaked in water for a period of time after root washing in late autumn, winter and early spring. We might as well give it a try. There is no need for decoy solution at all.

I have studied hydroponics for many years, and foreign countries have also investigated several countries with more developed hydroponics technology. It can be said that there are a large number of fraudsters in this kind of hydroponics market in China. But in the end, these joining scams will be cleared out by history and science. Remind everyone to polish your eyes and not to be induced by the decoy.

How to distinguish between true and false hydroponic flowers

True and false hydroponic flowers are actually the difference between induced flowers and non-induced flowers. at present, many hydroponic flower operators do not understand hydroponic flowers from a scientific point of view, but only from the perspective of commercial hype and personal profits. sell some conventional soil plants as hydroponic plants to fool consumers, resulting in a very bad social impact. After some citizens bought it at a high price, they died because of the physiological discomfort of the plants, which seriously hindered the healthy development of the hydroponic flower industry. In view of this problem, buyers can distinguish between true and false from the following aspects, in order to prevent being fooled.

A. look at the root morphology to distinguish between true and false: the induced hydroponic flowers usually exist in the form of whisker-shaped adventitious roots, unlike the roots in the soil, there are main roots, lateral roots, capillaries and root hairs, that is, they do not exist in the state of secondary roots of multi-stage branches. even if there are grades, they are based on a small number of bifurcated roots on the basis of fibrous adventitious roots. In addition, the number of primary adventitious roots of some original radicle plants increased significantly after induction, that is, the proportion of roots increased greatly, and the number of roots was large and developed, like a beard.

B, look at the color of the root system to distinguish between true and false: most of the aquatic roots of plants induced by aquatic plants have the characteristics of white, brittle and tender, even for some varieties that show natural roots, the color of aquatic roots is obviously lighter than that of terrestrial roots, such as yellowish white, light yellow, light brown and so on. This is related to the well-developed parenchyma of aquatic roots and no or less cork-like Lignification of cell wall thickening.

C, to distinguish between true and false from the integrity of roots: the aquatic-induced roots are re-grown and differentiated from the primary adventitious roots, and they are all completed in the water environment, with root integrity, while some soil-cultivated plants, although carefully washed, there are always slight damage or serious residual roots, which is difficult for soil-washed seedlings to achieve.

D, distinguish between true and false from the clarity of water: fake hydroponic works made by soil-washing seedlings, because the roots fail to form the adaptability of water, in an anaerobic environment, a large number of toxic intermediate metabolites will be discharged because of anaerobic respiration, so that the water in the container will quickly become mixed or deteriorated, and the turbid and opaque feeling shown by visual observation, that is, the water quality deteriorates or stinks, and the roots rot until the seedlings die.

E, the leaf angle is also true or false: especially for many herbaceous flowers which are very sensitive to ethylene, the leaf planting angle of many herbaceous flowers which are very sensitive to ethylene is obviously more flat than that of soil-washed seedlings, that is, the upper growth leads to the increase of the angle, even sagging.

Increase the content of dissolved oxygen in hydroponic nutrient solution

Except that the requirements of environmental factors such as light, temperature and humidity of hydroponic flowers are exactly the same as those of soil cultivation, the requirements of water, fertilizer and oxygen are very different in management-water: domestic hydroponic flowers should use soft water as water source. tap water in line with national standards can be used generally. Tap water after filtration, precipitation, sterilization treatment, clean and hygienic, pH below 7, can be safely used to cultivate hydroponic flowers. River water, lake water, pond water and well water are polluted to varying degrees, and the nutrients are serious, and all kinds of ions may vary greatly. if the content of one of these ions exceeds the standard, plants will be damaged or poisoned for a long time, so it is not suitable to be used as a water source for hydroponic flowers. Fertilizer: domestic hydroponic flowers must use low concentration special nutrient solution based on nitrate fertilizer. Hydroponic flower nutrient solution generally contains all the necessary nutrient elements for flower growth, the proportion of various elements is balanced, and the inorganic salt is in an ionic state, which is suitable for different flower varieties and their nutrient needs at different growth and development stages. And non-toxic, harmless, appropriate pH, conducive to nutrition absorption. It is not advisable to crush soil fertilizer and granular fertilizer for hydroponic flowers. Short-term use may have no obvious effect on flowers, if long-term application will inevitably hinder the normal physiological metabolism. What's more, organic fertilizer is not allowed to be used as the fertilizer source of hydroponic flowers. The diluted urine can be used for foliar spraying and should never be added to the nutrient solution. Oxygen: domestic hydroponic flowers, water (nutrient solution) is in a static state, dissolved oxygen is lower than / ppm/L, flowers barely maintain life in anoxic vessels, it is common for their roots to reverse growth and extend to the liquid surface in order to breathe more oxygen. Therefore, increasing the oxygen content of hydroponic nutrient solution is very necessary for the normal growth of flowers, especially in summer. There are several simple and easy ways to increase dissolved oxygen: 1. Increase the number of times to change the nutrient solution 2. Vibrate and increase oxygen, fix the flower plant in one hand, and gently shake the vessel in the other for more than 10 times. After shaking, the dissolved oxygen content of the nutrient solution can be increased by about 30%. 3. Add an appropriate amount of "solid oxygen" to the nutrient solution or 1% hydrogen peroxide (3% hydrogen peroxide). 4. Using miniature submersible pump or aeration pump (all standard products of aquarium) to carry out waterfall gas to the nutrient solution, plant roots can obtain sufficient oxygen in such an environment, the respiration is very exuberant, and promote the healthy growth of flowers.

Discern the false technology of hydroponic flowers at a glance

Hydroponic flowers, the combination of dynamic and static co-culture of flower and fish is its first intuitive impression. The earlier concept in China first sprouted at the beginning of the 21st century. (although some people planted some hydroponic plants such as Araceae and rich bamboos in water at the earliest, but this concept does not belong to the popular concept of "hydroponic flowers". Rising in 2003, many enterprises with market vision devoted themselves to the preliminary research and planning work in this industry, and in the case of the broadcast of "hydroponic Flowers" on CCTV 7 and 2 programs, hydroponic flowers flourished from 2004 to 2005. Hydroponic flowers have blossomed all over the country, providing technical learning and training, base production, and joining flower shops. Many false enterprises and individuals of hydroponic flower companies put on a show in the market under the stimulation of profits. on the one hand, it has contributed to the hype of the concept of hydroponic flower market in China. let a lot of citizens understand and understand this new concept and product. On the other hand, many investors and operators have become victims of this batch of market trends. As for 2006, those who have their own technological core and production capacity, and relatively strong economic strength and management ability, can still survive in such a chaotic market trend, there are very few who can survive. However, hydroponic flowers, a fashionable flower product, represents a new trend in the development of the flower industry. Driven by the economic interests of the market economy, there are still a small number of speculators in the market!

The author has been on this trip for three or four years and is more familiar with this industry. in view of the current mixed market of hydroponic flowers and plants, this article makes a systematic analysis and summary for the broad masses of people who love hydroponic flowers. and investors who are interested in joining the hydroponic flower industry to give a preliminary and comprehensive understanding for your reference:

Second, what is the real hydroponic flowers?

From a sensory point of view, the use of different types of glass vases, above the plant flowers (at present, the scope of hydroponic technology has been extended to other woody, vines, succulent plants, etc.), below to raise a few lovely small fish, that is, hydroponic flowers (plants)! But from the technical level, the real hydroponic flowers refer to the aquatic roots that change the physiological characteristics of their roots through a variety of biological, physical, computer and other technical means, and have plant ventilated tissue structure. and can adapt to water cultivation for a long time, can become a real hydroponic flower (plant)!

Third, how to identify real hydroponic flowers?

Judging from the sense: the present situation of hydroponic flower technology report 1, introduction: for a successful hydroponic plant, the root system of a successful hydroponic plant should be white, elegant and with more whiskers, which is very different from that of soil-cultivated plants. Soil-cultivated plant roots are dark black! (except for a few plant root color has a unique color, such as safflower after wood induction, from its root to its branches, the stem segments are all crimson! There are also some plants whose roots are nearly white after they are removed from the soil.

In addition, if the growth condition of the plant is not very robust and the leaves are drooping, it means that it has just been planted on the bottle and deceived the user to put it on! Even if it is induced, it cannot be sold as a commodity!

Technically, to judge:

Technically, to judge:

1) whether there is a professional technical level

If, as some businessmen say, all you need is the so-called "induction solution", "domestication solution" and "nutrient solution" to soak plants in water for a few days or hours, or some even say that hydroponic flowers can be cultivated in only tens of minutes or a few minutes, this can only be said by those who do not understand biotechnology, and those who understand biological principles all know that if there is a serious lack of oxygen in the water in the plant roots, the roots will soon breathe without oxygen and thus ferment. Rotten roots, so there are a lot of fermentation in the bottle, long mosquitoes, insects, turbid water is not clean and so on, the plant will soon die! Hydroponic flowers can be called hydroponic flowers only when they really induce the aquatic roots of plants and form hydroponic plants with aerated tissue and can adapt to the state of hypoxia in water. And the cultivation of aquatic roots can not be completed and realized by nutrient solution, it needs to integrate biological, physical, computer and other methods, after a long time of training, completely adapt to the water environment, in order to become a professional real hydroponic flowers!

2) do you have a strong level and ability of artistic combination?

Hydroponic flowers belong to medium-and high-grade consumption, and its ornamental value lies in the combination of artistic sense, each product lies in its artistic glass bottle container, beautiful plant shape, white and elegant root system, and the perfect combination of fish and water plants and other ornaments in the bottle! Is not a professional hydroponic flower works, in addition to the natural senses, a strong artistic combination can not be formed by the general beginner! From this technical level, we can tell at a glance whether manufacturers have such an aesthetic level!

3) whether there are facilities and fixed supply channels for the production of hydroponic flowers?

Whether there are facilities for the production of hydroponic flowers can also be seen whether businesses have the ability to produce hydroponic flowers, if there are neither fixed production facilities nor manufacturers with strength and brands as sources of supply, then such hydroponic flower providers are likely to be "hydroponic flowers" made by washing the roots of soil-grown plants!

To examine in terms of variety:

The hydroponic flower varieties that real professional hydroponic flower manufacturers can produce are not only those plants such as Araceae and crassulaceae, such as dripping Guanyin, Chunyu, Fugui bamboo, tortoise back bamboo, evergreen and other plants that are easy to raise in water. These plant varieties, themselves close to water, hydrophilic, the general method can be cultivated in water, professional producers should be all kinds of woody plants, all kinds of water-resistant plants. Such as iron tree, cactus, rich tree, flutong, and even such as yew, sweet-scented osmanthus, fruit trees can achieve hydroponic culture of plants! If the business can provide a single variety of plants, it must not belong to professional hydroponic flower manufacturers!

In terms of time:

Time is the final only criterion for testing hydroponic flowers. If they cannot adapt to hydroponic cultivation for a long time, they will die within a few days if they are only a flash in the pan. Many of these are hydroponic flowers that can be produced in a few hours after those speculators wash away their soil roots. In a few days, the flowers bloom and bloom. Therefore, for now, for those owners who cannot provide the shelf life of the goods, most of them are speculators, such as those who cannot provide the shelf life of the goods, it is recommended not to buy them, so as not to be fooled! Fourth, how to identify a real professional hydroponic flower manufacturer?

Driven by interests, many market speculators, in publicity, adopt various "formal" means of information transmission to fool the majority of consumers and investors, in order to make some of the real hydroponic flower technology, no base, no scale. Some without technical personnel are in scientific research institutes in national universities (such as Wuhan University, Beijing University of Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Huazhong Agricultural University, China Agricultural University, Beijing Forestry University, etc.) (such as Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Forestry Sciences, etc.) A scientific research center, etc.) several offices are rented in the institutions under the Ministry of Agriculture (such as the veteran cadre Bureau of the Ministry of Agriculture, a technology center of the Ministry of Agriculture) or in the office building The so-called high-tech bag companies that began to advertise to make money and the technology transfer "guerrilla" companies with one shot to another have no foothold. It also makes it malicious to transfer some immature so-called "hydroponic flower technology" at a low price to lose the deceptive market, but also for you to learn these real technologies.

The author solemnly reminds: no matter you see similar technology or similar advertisements in any place or any media in the country, you must keep your eyes open, how open-minded you are, how many restaurants you see, and how much you compare. You must carefully compare the unit size, technical strength, personnel quality, product quality and after-sales service. {{remember: you must take a look at their florist products, and then ask them to call the franchisee, and try to go to the franchisee to have a look. To determine the authenticity of the technology, you may not provide it to you in many places, so you should think twice before you act. This is the most direct and final judgment, except of course. Those "high-level" companies will also use "medical care", "school care", "room care" and "wine care" to ignore you at the level of Zhao Benshan, which makes it impossible for you to guard against! You must carefully check the authenticity of the technology, training capabilities, and relevant documents; you must not be deceived by these so-called high-tech companies, which will bring unnecessary losses to your economy and spirit. In addition to distinguishing whether hydroponic flowers are real or not from the product approach, in fact, we can only pay more attention to see through many speculators one by one. Here are some experiences on how to fertilize hydroponic flowers outside their roots.

Static hydroponic cultivation of flowers is a cultivation method under the condition of anoxic root system, which will cause some defects to the normal development of flowers. In order to improve the quality of flowers, foliar fertilization can be used to supplement nutrient elements. During the vegetative growth period of flowers, 0.2% potassium nitrate dilution can be used to spray foliar.

Should use fine hole spray pot, try not to make fertilizer liquid loss, the back of the leaf should also be sprayed, spray once a week, spray twice during the growing period, can make hydroponic flowers flourish. Flowers suitable for leaf viewing and flower appreciation at the same time, such as taro, begonia, bamboo begonia, calla, etc., can be sprayed on the leaves once a week with 0.15% potassium dihydrogen phosphate diluent during the budding period until the flowers bloom.

Conservation measures of southern plant Zizyphus jujuba

Part 1: "arrangement of plants in the South"

Egg flower

Egg flower, its flowers are really like eggs, the outside is milky white, the center is bright yellow, just like the egg white yolk, it looks really Q. Its branches are thick and succulent. The leaves are also big, and the flowers and leaves gather on the top of the branch. it blossoms brilliantly in summer, giving people a feeling of purity and elegant temperament, which is very suitable for people to watch carefully. After falling leaves, the bare trunk bends naturally and its shape is very beautiful. It is very suitable for planting in courtyards and grasslands. Egg blossoms like the environment with high temperature and humidity, plenty of sunshine and good drainage. It is strong in nature and can withstand drought, but it is afraid of cold and avoid waterlogging. It likes to grow in acidic soil, but it is also alkaline-resistant. It is better to cultivate acid sandy soil which is deep, fertile, permeable and rich in organic matter. The cuttage method was used for propagation. When growing egg blossoms, you should also pay attention to pest control, such as brown spots on leaves or even dark black leaves, which is because of egg flower corner spot, so you should pay attention to take measures at this time. Of course, there may be other diseases, so egg flower needs your care and care. In fact, egg flowers in addition to white, there are red and yellow, can extract essence for the manufacture of high-grade cosmetics, soap and food additives, the price is quite high, great commercial development potential; can also be dried flowers for tea, commonly known as egg scented tea, has the effect of curing fever and diarrhea, moistening the lungs and detoxifying. The egg flower has a beautiful tree shape, many branches, strange shapes and various shapes; the leaves are like loquat, and after falling in winter, the branches leave semicircular leaf marks, quite like antlers with beautiful spots, which can be described as the first choice for landscaping, courtyard layout and potted ornamental small trees in the tropics. The bark is thin and grayish green, rich in toxic white juice, which can be used for external application to treat scabies, redness and swelling. The wood is white, light and soft, and can be used to make musical instruments, tableware or furniture. Frangipani language: give birth to hope, resurrection, new life is as simple and ordinary as life, so you can always be so close to people and lose their distance.

Yulan

Magnolia is a tall deciduous tree with dark gray bark and rough dehiscence; branchlets slightly stout and grayish brown; winter buds and pedicels densely covered with grayish yellow long sericeous hairs. Leaves papery, Obovate, broadly Obovate or Obovate, Obovate-elliptic, base overgrown branches and leaves elliptic. Magnolia is very much like a lotus flower. When it is in full bloom, the petals spread in all directions, making the courtyard blue and white, dazzling in white light, with high ornamental value. Coupled with the refreshing fragrance, it is actually an ideal flower pattern for beautifying the courtyard. Magnolia is light-loving, hardy and can survive the winter in the open field. Love dry, avoid low humidity, planting land waterlogging is easy to rot roots. The sandy soil, which is fertile, well drained and slightly acidic, can also grow on weakly alkaline soil. In the south with higher temperatures, it can blossom from December to January of the following year. Magnolia has strong resistance to harmful gases. If the flower is planted in a factory polluted by sulfur dioxide and chlorine, it has a certain resistance and the ability to absorb sulfur. Artificial fumigation with sulfur dioxide can absorb more than 1.6 grams of sulfur in 1 kg of dried leaves. Therefore, Magnolia is a good anti-pollution greening tree species in air pollution areas. Magnolia likes light, young trees are more resistant to shade, not resistant to strong light and western sun, too strong light or western sun, it is easy to burn trees. Magnolia likes fertilizer, in addition to the application of base fertilizer when planting, it should be fertilized every year after that. Sufficient fertilizer can make the plant grow vigorously, the leaves are green and thick, not only have many buds, but also have large flowers, long flowering period and fragrant. Magnolia is a tree species with strong disease resistance. the main diseases are anthracnose, chlorosis and leaf burn. Magnolia has not only ornamental value but also medicinal value and edible value. Magnolia contains volatile oil, mainly citral, clove oleic acid, magnolia alkaloid, magnolol, decanoic acid, rutin, oleic acid, vitamin An and other components, which has certain medicinal value. Magnolia flower has a pungent and warm taste, which has the effect of dispelling wind, dispelling cold and dredging orifices, dispelling lungs and nose. Can be used for headache, blood stasis dysmenorrhea, nasal congestion, acute and chronic sinusitis, allergic rhinitis and other diseases. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that magnolia has an inhibitory effect on common skin fungi.

Magnolia is rich in vitamins, amino acids and a variety of trace elements, which has the effect of dispelling wind and dispelling cold, invigorating qi and regulating the lungs. Can be processed to make snacks, but also can make tea to drink. Magnolia language stands for gratitude. Magnolia often in a green full of white flowers, with the fragrant fragrance makes people feel an indescribable temperament, really fresh and lovely. Because its plant is tall, flowering position is high, swaying in the wind, in high spirits, just like Tiannu scattered flowers, very lovely.

Bamboo taro

Bamboo taro is an herb. Most varieties have underground rhizomes or tubers, leaves solitary, larger, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, veins pinnately arranged, distichous, entire. Amorphophallus is a good ground cover plant with various colors and a good foliage plant. Amorphophallus is a tropical plant that likes a warm, humid and brightly lit environment, is not cold-resistant, is not resistant to drought, and is afraid of hot sun exposure. If direct sunlight will burn the leaves, the edges of the leaves will be partially scorched, the new leaves will stop growing, and the leaves will turn yellow, so we should pay attention to shading. Bamboo taro is sensitive to water, so it should be fully watered during the growing period to keep the basin soil moist, but the soil should not accumulate water, otherwise it will lead to root rot and even plant death. Bamboo taro should be more "delicate". Enough care should be put into 365 days, and if there are major fluctuations in the environment in a few days, it will leave "evidence of guilt" on the plant, which is the consensus of taro seed dealers and producers. There are not many diseases and insect pests in bamboo taro family, such as shell insects, whitefly and so on. Of course, it has other values, such as medicinal value and dietary value. Bamboo taro powder is almost entirely starch, does not contain vitamins, and contains only 0.2% protein. It can be used as a thickener for soups, sauces, pudding and tails. Add water and boil to make a transparent, odorless, delicious paste. Compared with other starches, the fine quality of taro powder can be cooked at lower temperature and shorter time, and it is easy to digest. It is especially suitable for making egg products such as milk and egg paste that can not be overcooked. It is also suitable for making light, low-salt and low-protein food. Efficacy: clearing lung and relieving cough, clearing heat and diuresis. Main treatment: treatment of cough due to lung heat and acerbity in urination due to damp-heat of bladder

Redrlowered Loropetalum

Evergreen shrubs or small trees. Bark dark gray or light grayish brown, much branched. Twigs reddish brown, densely stellate hairy. Leaves leathery alternate, ovoid or elliptic, 2-5cm long, apex mucronate, base round and oblique, asymmetric, stellate hairs on both sides, entire, dark red. Carthamus tinctorius likes light and is slightly shade-resistant, but the leaf color is easy to turn green when it is shady. Strong adaptability and drought tolerance. Like warmth and withstand the cold. Strong sprouting and branching, resistant to pruning. It is resistant to barren, but it is suitable to grow in fertile, moist slightly acidic soil. Carthamus tinctorius has luxuriant branches, graceful posture, resistance to pruning, resistance to flat binding, can be used for hedges, can also be used to make stump bonsai, blooming season, full of safflower, very spectacular. Liriodendron chinense is an evergreen plant with bright red new leaves. When different strains mature, the leaf color and flower color are different, and the leaf size is also different. In the garden application, it is mainly considered that the two factors of leaf color and leaf size bring leaf color contrast to form color contrast, and the florescence can also be staggered. Main insect pests: aphids, ulnar moths, yellow armyworm, Plutella xylostella, large and small ground tigers and beetles. Common diseases of Carthamus tinctorius: anthracnose, blight, mosaic disease. Anthracnose: it mainly harms the old leaves, basal leaves and leaves because they are red, and the disease spots are

Now black round spots, or nearly round, resulting in early defoliation, serious damage in the rainy season from July to August, the pathogen is actinomycetes. The pathogen overwintered with hyphae on diseased leaves, which was the initial source of disease in the following year. When you find that there is a disease in the branches and leaves of Carthamus tinctorius, you should treat it in time.

Green peach

Green peach is a variety of peach, tree, 3-8 m high; crown broad and spreading; bark dark reddish brown, rough when old is scaly; branchlets slender, glabrous, glossy, green, turning red toward the sun, with a large number of lenticels; winter buds conical, tip obtuse, outside pubescent, often 2-3 clusters, leaf buds in the middle, flower buds on both sides. Leaf blade oblong-lanceolate, elliptic-lanceolate or Obovate-lanceolate. Blue peach is sunny, drought-resistant and intolerant to wet environment. Like the warm climate, good cold resistance, can survive the winter safely in the natural environment of minus 25 degrees Celsius. The soil is required to be fertile and well drained. Do not like stagnant water, such as planting in low-lying areas of stagnant water, it is easy to die seedlings. The garden is worth green peach blossoms, beautiful and beautiful when they bloom, and the ornamental period is as long as 15 days. In landscaping, it is widely used in lakeside, streams, both sides of roads and parks, etc., in small-scale greening projects such as courtyard greening embellishment, private gardens, etc., as well as potted ornamental plants, and often used to cut flowers and make bonsai. It is also common to weave branches and green peaches. The landscaping of Bitao has a wide range of uses, and the greening effect is outstanding, and the planting year has a particularly good effect. Can be planted, piece planting, isolated planting, there was a very good green effect in that year. Green peach is one of the commonly used color seedlings in landscaping, which is usually used together with purple leaf plum, purple leaf dwarf cherry and other seedlings. Flowers and shrubs are planted to form a scene of a hundred flowers blooming. In addition to the ornamental value, there is also medicinal value. The gum secreted on the trunk of the peach tree, commonly known as peach gum, can be used as an adhesive. It is a kind of polysaccharide substance, which can be hydrolyzed to produce arabinose, galactose, xylose, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, etc., which is edible and medicinal, and has the effect of breaking blood, promoting blood and tonifying qi. Diseases often occur in summer and autumn. The main diseases are: White rust and brown rot, perforation, anthrax, gum disease, leaf shrinkage disease. The main pests are aphids, red spiders, shell insects, red-necked longicorn beetles and so on.

Artificial plant community

1. Summer cuckoo + safflower sequel + Phnom Penh boxwood + thornless bone ball

These four kinds of plants have strong adaptability and are widely planted in Fuzhou. Three kinds of leaf color plant linear planting, rich leaf color, coupled with large size no thorn structure bone ball, to form a neat, full, hierarchical road green ribbon effect.

2. Carthamus tinctorius + red leaf heather ball + Michelia mollissima + chicken claw Acer

Carthamus tinctorius itself is widely planted in Fujian, with good adaptability, beautiful leaf color and flower color, while the green of its old leaves are dotted with new leaf red, set off each other, extremely beautiful, and the four kinds of plants are rich in collocation layers. and form a landscape road with longitudinal rhythm and spatial levels, and a strong sense of guidance.

3. Carthamus tinctorius + star anise gold plate + Canadian jujube + egg flower

The combination of these plants is mainly green, with small leaves (safflower wood) and thick leaves (star anise plate, egg flower), while Canadian jujube adds a little tropical flavor. Rich in levels, it has the effect of reducing the space and making people close.

4. Bamboo + Iris

Phyllostachys pubescens is very suitable for planting in Fuzhou. It is a scattered bamboo with dense stems. And Iris has a beautiful posture and beautiful colors, and the two are very attractive together.

5. Gardenia lobularis + Carthamus tinctorius + peach leaf coral + sweet-scented osmanthus

Lobular gardenia, leaves like bird tongue, low plant, can be used as the bottom plant, peach leaf coral leaf color with yellow spots, is a better foliage plant, and Arbor sweet-scented osmanthus, its flowers fragrant, refreshing. The match is dense, the leaf color is changed, and the fragrance of flowers is added.

6. Azalea + Carthamus tinctorius + Huili + canna

Rhododendron flowers are gorgeous, with safflower wood and ash as a lining, more moving, banana leaves thick, narrow space, make people friendly.

7. Ground cover lawn + marigold + red leaf heather + safflower follow wood ball + cinnamon

With the green ground quilt as the base, marigold yellow flowers are extremely beautiful, marigold descendants safflower successor wood and red heather as the lining, cinnamon tree-shaped expansion. Several kinds of plants set off each other and are rich in variety.

8. Ophiopogon + guava tree

Both Ophiopogon japonicus and Ophiopogon japonicus have good adaptability in Fuzhou, with normal growth, soft leaves and suitable ground cover. Ophiopogon japonicus and Ophiopogon japonicus have yellow smooth bark, graceful posture, large leaves and dense leaves, which are suitable for sparse forest paths.

9. Grass + silver tequila + pruned banyan + Huanghua double pod locust

Based on the green grass, tequila leaves are thick, the leaves are silver yellow and green, matched with the built banyan tree and coordinated, while the yellow flower double cheek locust is beautiful and colorful. The collocation levels of these plants are rich, and the color transformation can be coordinated.

10. Grass along the steps + palm bamboo + sunflower + papaya tree

This plant configuration is suitable for one side of the small building, the grass leaves along the steps are thin and soft, while the brown bamboo and loose-tailed sunflower leaves are thicker, while the papaya leaves are palmately large, with fruit and trunk, and its posture is very beautiful.

11. Red mulberry + false forsythia + safflower tree

As a pattern flower bed plant collocation, red mulberry has bright leaf color, as an edge, false forsythia leaf color is yellow and green, while safflower tree leaf color is dark purple, three kinds of plants match as magic pattern flower bed, and it is attractive.

Part II: "maintenance Plan 4"

Maintenance and management scheme of landscaping

Maintenance and management is very important in landscaping, it is a long-term and repeated work, with comprehensive technical requirements, including the destruction of people and animals, sanitation and cleaning, pruning of flowers and trees, watering and fertilization, pest control, flower bed flower planting and so on. The completion of garden green space does not represent the completion of the garden landscape. People often say that "three minutes, seven minutes". Only with high-quality and high-level maintenance and management, the landscape can be gradually formed and perfect.

Characteristics of the present situation of plants in the cultivation park:

1. The greening covers an area of about 2.45419 billion square meters, and the green coverage rate is high. There are a large number of different specifications and varieties of trees and trimmed shrubs, and their initial growth has gradually taken shape. After our careful investigation, the characteristics of plant planting are roughly divided into two areas according to the original general plan:

1) Square area: the plant planting style in this area is relatively open, with ginkgo biloba, Zhengnan and large trees in the square.

Plant mainly, properly cooperate with low shrubs, the overall space is more transparent.

2) Factory area: the plant varieties in this area are complicated, worn by large and small trees, shrubs and ground cover plants.

Planted in front of the door with more valuable large plants (Canary jujube, blue flower, small leaf banyan pile head

The best sweet-scented osmanthus, etc. Whether it can still keep the office garden elegant, elegant and sparse?

The scenery, can also make the hotel villa courtyard to carry forward its delicate and gentle, leisurely and relaxing atmosphere

It all depends on the acquired maintenance.

two。 In the greening condition of the vertical area, we can find the following problems: the growth of ① shrubs is poor and the shape is monotonous; the potential of ② flowering shrubs is poor, and the flowering condition (including the number of flowers, flower size, color, secondary flowering) is not satisfactory; there are many weeds in ③ lawn, and there is a tendency of grass weeds in some areas; there is a situation of diseases and insect pests in ④.

1. We are prepared to take the following rectification measures:

1. Carry forward three-dimensional horticulture and shape hedges and shrubs. For flowering shrubs planted with embellishment, measures should be taken to promote their growth and shape according to the trend, which depends on the specific plant growth and plant shape. The hedges in the local area are highly regular, and the uniform strip undoubtedly makes the garden which should be free and leisurely mechanical and rigid. We can also try to trim it into a wavy shape, match it with the relaxed and leisure residential landscape, enliven the atmosphere of the whole garden and create a more fluent living environment.

2. Immediately start the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests. For plants with the characteristics of diseases and insect pests, large-scale chemical control should be carried out immediately.

3 、

4 、

5. Apply pesticides and increase the workload of manual pulling for lawn weeds. Different maintenance and management schemes were implemented for different plants (mainly fertilizer supply, base fertilizer, topdressing, foliar fertilizer, different plants have different fertilization methods and fertilizer choices in different seasons). Plants are listed. We classify all the plants, and then make a green sign to mark it.

All the plants in the area are listed for their families, genera, and living habits. This can be done.

Enrich the staff's plant knowledge, can also add to the cultural atmosphere of the park, and can be marked with eye-catching

Make greening get more attention.

6. greening and maintenance is not an overnight thing. While doing a good job in rectification and reform, we will also be right.

The same plants take different maintenance measures at different times, and we arrange our daily work month by month.

(the detailed rules are attached), in order to maximize the landscape effect in the blueprint.

We also ask Party A to put forward more suggestions to make our work perfect step by step.

7. Maintenance responsibility

During the contract maintenance period, our company organizes reasonably and carefully maintains according to the operation rules and quality standards of landscaping maintenance, and dispatches professional horticulturists to organize and arrange the management and protection work, and flexibly dispatch not less than experienced workers according to the weather and plant growth conditions of each season to complete the maintenance and management tasks in quality and quantity.

VI. Maintenance content

1. Management procedures: including the whole process of watering, opening nests and cultivating soil, pruning, fertilization, weeding, pruning and wiping buds, pest control, straightening, seedling replenishment (plus seedling fee). {maintenance measures of southern plant sea jujube.

2. Management tools:

A, flower shears, long shears, high-altitude shears, lawnmowers, lawnmowers

B, sprayer, bucket, bamboo dustpan

C, shovel, hoe, saw, chainsaw, ladder

D, fuel, maintenance costs

3. Maintenance content:

A, Arbor: apply organic fertilizer once a year, 0.25 kg cake fertilizer per plant, once topdressing, 0.1 kg compound fertilizer and mixed urea per tree, hole application, spraying, water and fertilizer, etc., and then covered with soil, drenched thoroughly, water penetration depth of more than 10 cm, timely prevention and control of diseases and insect pests, maintain the natural growth state of trees, without modeling and pruning. Timely cut off yellow branches, disease and insect branches, shade long branches and drooping branches that hinder the passage of vehicles, and clean up the pruning materials in time. Remove weeds around the roots once a week to make sure there are no weeds.

B, shrubs, hedgerows, bag seedlings: fertilize once a quarter, apply urea mixed compound fertilizer 10 kg per 667m2, use sprinkling and water fertilizer, etc., water once within three hours after application, once a day (except rainy days), water penetration depth of more than 10 cm, timely prevention and control of diseases and insect pests, trimmed into a circle, square line or cone line, weekly minor repair, monthly overhaul, cut smooth, beautiful, timely removal of trimmed objects Cut off dead branches, disease and insect branches in time, replant old and dead plants in time, and remove weeds once a week.

C, herbs: fertilize once a quarter, apply urea mixed compound fertilizer 10kg per 667m2, sprinkle water and water fertilizer, water within three hours after application, water once a day (except rainy days), water penetration depth of more than 10 cm, timely control of diseases and insect pests, cut off residual flowers once a week, remove weeds, cut off withered branches and yellow branches in time.

D, Taiwan grass: fertilize once a quarter, apply urea mixed compound fertilizer 10 kg per 667m2, fertilize evenly, water thoroughly, the depth of water penetration is more than 5 cm, control diseases and insect pests in time, replant withered and incomplete parts in time, the coverage rate is more than 98%, and prune 1-2 times a month.

(2) the specific arrangements for the maintenance of gardens in one year:

January: the coldest month of the year, with open-field trees dormant.

1. Winter pruning: fully carry out the shaping and pruning of deciduous trees; pruning dead branches, disabled branches, disease and insect branches on large and small trees and branches that hinder overhead lines and buildings.

2. Inspection of street trees: check the situation of binding and piling of street trees in time, and rectify them immediately when they find that they are loose, lead wire embedded skin, shaking piles and so on.

3. Pest control: winter is a favorable season to eliminate garden pests. The pupae and cocoons of the diamondback moth can be dug up and burned to death in the loose soil under the tree. Scale insects begin to move in mid-January, but they move slowly at this time, so we can scrape off the larvae on the tree trunk. Pest control in winter often has twice the result with half the effort.

4. Green space conservation: green space, flower beds and other places should pay attention to picking out large weeds; lawns should pick grass and cut edges in time; attention should be paid to anti-freezing watering in green space.

February: the temperature is higher than the previous month, and the trees are still dormant.

1. The maintenance is basically the same as in January.

2. Pruning: continue pruning withered and diseased branches of large and small trees. Trim all kinds of trees before the end of the month.

3. Pest control: continue to control diamondback moth and scale insects.

March: the temperature continues to rise. after the middle of the year, trees begin to sprout and some trees (such as camellia) blossom in the last ten days.

1. Planting trees: spring is a favorable time to plant trees. After the soil is thawed, we should seize the opportunity to plant trees immediately. Plan and design before planting large and small trees, dig (plane) a good tree hole in advance, and do as you dig, transport, plant and water. When planting shrubs, they should also be dug, transported and planted, and fully watered to improve the survival rate of seedlings.

2. Spring irrigation: due to spring drought, windy and large evaporation, green land should be watered in time in order to prevent spring drought.

3. Fertilization: after the soil is thawed, base fertilizer is applied to plants and irrigated. {maintenance measures of southern plant sea jujube.

4. prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: this month is the critical moment for the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests. Some seedlings appeared coal fouling disease, melon seeds and yellow poplar leaf roller also appeared (using spraying fenitrothion and other pesticides for control). The method of digging pupae can continue to be used to control diamondback moth.

April: as the temperature continues to rise, trees sprout and blossom or spread their leaves and begin to enter a period of vigorous growth.

1. Continue to plant trees: in the first ten days of April, we should seize the time to plant trees that sprout late, remove and replant shrubs (rhododendron, safflower, etc.) that die in winter, and fully water newly planted trees.

2. Irrigation: continue to water the green space in a timely manner.

3. Fertilization: combined irrigation of lawns and shrubs, topdressing available nitrogen fertilizer, or foliar spraying as needed.

4. Pruning: cut off the dry branches in winter and spring to trim the evergreen hedge.

5. Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: (1) after the second molting, scale insects gradually transferred to bark cracks, tree holes, trunk base, wall corners and other places to secrete white waxy cocoon pupation. Can be swept with a hard bamboo broom, and then concentrated deep burying or soaking. Or use the method of spraying fenitrothasone and other pesticides. (2) the longicorn beetle begins to move. You can use a grafting knife or self-made steel wire to remove the larvae, but the smaller the wound, the better. (3) Prevention and control of other diseases and insect pests.

6. green space conservation: pay attention to the picking of weeds and climbing plants in large green space. Grass picking and edge cutting should also be carried out on the lawn.

May: the temperature rises sharply and the trees grow rapidly.

1. Watering: trees need a lot of water when they are in full bloom, so they should be watered at the right time.

2. Pruning: pruning residual flowers. The street tree is pruned for the first time.

3. prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: continue to catch longicorn beetles. The first generation of diamondback moth hatched, but it has not reached the degree of harm, so the corresponding measures should be taken according to the actual situation in the conservation area. Coal fouling disease caused by scale insects and aphids has also entered a peak period (on crape myrtle, Haitong, oleander, etc.). In mid-and late May, 10-fold pine resin mixture and 50% trithiophos emulsion 1500-2000 times were sprayed to control diseases and kill pests. (other available pesticides such as insecticides, Huabao, etc.)

June: the temperature is high

1. Watering: plants need a lot of water, so they should be watered in time, not "watching the sky to eat".

2. Fertilization: combine loosening soil and weeding, fertilization and watering to achieve the best effect.

3. Pruning: continue to peel off buds and remove tillers from street trees. Pruning hedges, balls and some flowering shrubs. {maintenance measures of southern plant sea jujube.

4. Drainage work: when there is heavy rain, we should pay attention to the drainage work in low-lying areas.

5. Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: when the diamondback moth enters the peak incubation period in mid-and late June, timely measures should be taken. Now 50% fenitrothion emulsion is basically sprayed with 500-800 times liquid. (or sprayed with compound BT emulsion) continue to capture longicorn beetles by hand.

6. Do a good job in the inspection in front of the flood prevention platform for trees, and straighten, reinforce and re-bind the trees that are loose and inclined.

July: the temperature is the highest, and there will be strong winds and heavy rain after the middle of the year.

1. Transplant evergreen trees: during the rainy season, conifers and bamboos can be transplanted with sufficient water, but pay attention to weather changes and water them in time once they encounter high temperature.

2. Drainage: drainage should be done in time after heavy rain.

3. Topdressing: dry application of quick-acting fertilizer such as nitrogen fertilizer before rain.

4. Street trees: carry out anti-Taiwan peeling and pruning, trim all branches that are in contradiction with electric wires, and check the stumps one by one, and immediately straighten and tie them up when they are found to be loose and unstable. Prepare the labor organization, materials, tools and equipment in advance, and send someone to inspect it at any time to deal with the dangerous situation in time.

5. control of diseases and insect pests: continue to control longicorn beetles and diamondback moths. To control longicorn beetles, 50% fenitrothion 1:50 liquid injection can be used to control longicorn beetles, (or Guoshubao, or Yuanke No. 3), and then seal the hole, which can also achieve good results. Cinnamomum camphor nest borer should be cut off in time and the nest should be destroyed so as to avoid further harm.

August: it is still the rainy season

1, drainage: after heavy rain, the low-lying water should be drained in time.

2. Taiwan prevention of street trees: continue to do a good job of Taiwan prevention of street trees.

3. Pruning: in addition to the general summer tree pruning, the hedges should be styled and trimmed.

4. Weeding in the middle ploughing: weeds are also growing vigorously, so weeds should be weeded in time, and can be combined with weeding for fertilization.

5. prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: mainly catch longicorn beetles, pay attention to the capture of longicorn beetles in the root. The harm of aphids and camphor nest borer should be controlled in time. Attention should be paid to powdery mildew and rot in wet weather, and timely measures should be taken. September: the temperature has dropped, welcome the National Day to do a good job of related work.

1. Pruning: greet the appearance of the city and peel the buds below the third-level bifurcation of the street tree. Hedge shape trimming. Weeding in the green space, cutting the lawn edge, cleaning up the dead trees in time, so that the trees have green branches and green leaves, and the green space is clean and tidy.

2. Fertilization: for some trees whose growth is weak and the branches are not full enough, some phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be applied.

3. Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: perforation disease (cherry blossom, peach, plum, etc.) was the peak, and 1000-fold solution of 500% carbendazim was used to prevent infection. Longicorn beetles began to turn to root damage, pay attention to the capture of root longicorn beetles. The wood beetle moth on poplar and willow should also be controlled in time. Do a good job in the prevention and control of other diseases and insect pests.

4. Do well the inspection of all kinds of greening facilities before the festival.

October: the temperature drops, the early winter begins in late October, and the trees begin to shed their leaves and enter the dormant period one after another.

1. Be prepared to plant trees in autumn. As soon as the leaves of a hardy tree fall, you can start planting.

2. Green space conservation: timely removal of dead trees and timely watering. The work of picking grass and cutting the edge of green land and lawn should be done well. Fertilizers should be applied if the grass flowers do not grow well.

3. Control diseases and insect pests: continue to catch root longicorn beetles. Camphor nest borer should also pay attention to observation and control. November: the soil begins to freeze at night and enters the middle of winter.

1. Tree planting: continue to plant hardy plants and complete the soil before freezing.

2. Turn the soil: turn the soil on the green space to expose the pests that are ready to overwintering.

3. Watering: watering dry and consolidated soil should be completed before freezing.

4. Pest control all kinds of pests will be prepared for winter in the last ten days, and the task of pest control is relatively light.

December: low temperature, start winter maintenance work.

1. Winter pruning: pruning some evergreen trees and shrubs.

2. Eliminate overwintering diseases and insect pests.

3. Prepare for the adjustment work next year: after the deciduous plants have fallen leaves, observe the conservation area and draw the orientation to be adjusted.

VII. Quality objectives of green space conservation

(1) the technical measures of greening and maintenance are perfect and managed properly, so that the loess is not exposed to the sky.

2 garden plants

2.1 normal growth. All kinds of plants in the newly-built green space reached the normal form within three years, and the seedlings survived within one year due to the injury or death of plants and grasslands caused by poor management.

2.2 the crown of garden trees is basically complete, the distribution of main and side branches is symmetrical, the number is suitable, the pruning is reasonable, the inner chamber is not disorderly, and it is ventilated and transparent. Flowering shrubs blossom in time, normal, timely pruning after flowering. The branches and leaves of hedgerows and color blocks are normal and neat. There are no missing trees on the street and no dead trees in the green space.

2.3 the growth of new shoots of deciduous trees is normal, and the size and color of leaves are normal. under general conditions, yellow leaves, scorched leaves, rolled leaves and leaves with wormurine and insect net shall not exceed 5%, and the preservation rate of normal leaves is more than 90%. Needle

Part 3: "Annual Greening maintenance Plan"

Annual maintenance plan for greening

January

1. Pruning all kinds of deciduous trees in winter, cutting off dry and withered branches, overlapping branches, cross branches, disease and insect branches and lower side branches to ensure that the development of trees tends to be reasonable, the branch shape is improved, and the breeding of diseases and insect pests is reduced.

2. Proper thinning of overgrown trees can reduce diseases and insect pests and increase their growth.

3. Ploughing and turning the soil in winter, improving the soil, and fertilizing all trees, ground covers and lawns in winter to ensure the nutrient demand of seedlings and lawns.

4. Winter is a favorable season to eliminate garden pests. The pupae and cocoons of the diamondback moth can be dug up and burned to death in the loose soil under the tree.

5. According to the situation, individual kinds of lawns should be thinned and trimmed 1-2 times. February

1. Carry on the work of picking, pruning and fertilizing the lawn.

2. Do a good job in the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests, especially pay attention to the powdery mildew of narrow leaves and the grass scale of coral and star anise.

3. In particular, it is necessary to strengthen the anti-freezing and heat preservation measures for trees, and do a good job of loosening and cultivating soil around the roots of trees.

4. The cold-season lawn was topdressing (urea) 10g/ mu at the end of the month.

March

1. In order to prevent and control spring drought, trees should be watered in time.

2. The lawn should be rolled and weeded in time, and the winter grass in the tree bed and flower bed should be cleaned.

3. Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: strengthen observation and inspection, and do a good job in forecasting, forecasting and prevention. In particular, special attention should be paid to coal fouling disease and melon seeds and yellow poplar leaf roller. The eggs of purple velvet scale hatched in the middle of March, and pear rust occurred in begonia and cold lawn since late March.

4. The local depressions and low-lying blocks of the lawn were cultivated to cover the sand, and the ryegrass lawn was low-pruned in winter to ensure the germination and growth of the bottom grass.

April

1. Do a good job of loosening the soil, weeding, fertilizing before flowering and so on. Especially for perennial root flowers and spring sowing grass flowers, thin fertilizer should be applied, lawn and shrub irrigation should be combined, quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer should be applied, or foliar spraying should be carried out as needed.

2. Cut off the dry branches in winter and spring and start pruning the evergreen hedge.

3. Pest control: mainly control aphids, coal fouling diseases and beetles. And make relevant records.

May

1. This month is the heyday of tree leaf development, which requires a lot of water and should be watered at the right time.

2. Prune the spring flowering shrubs such as sweet-scented osmanthus and crabapple, and peel off the buds of Plum, red-leaf plum, crape myrtle and other trees in time.

3. Weeding the flower beds and shrubs. At the same time, carry on the work of picking grass on the lawn, and prune the turf grass in time to control its height.

4. Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: do a good job in prediction, forecast and prevention.

June

1. Water the plants in time to ensure an adequate water supply.

2. Loosen the soil and weed the tree altar and colored shrubs, and pick the grass on the lawn.

3. The lawn should be mowed in time, its growth height should be controlled, and attention should be paid to the occurrence of large-scale diseases and insect pests. Apply compound fertilizer once to the lawn with poor growth or lack of fertilizer in order to pass the summer safely.

4. Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: do a good job in prediction, forecast and prevention.

July

1. In high temperature weather, it is especially necessary to ensure the watering of plants.

2. To loosen the soil and weed the colored shrubs in the flower bed, and at the same time do a good job of picking grass under the ground cover. This month, the weather is hot, the temperature is high, the humidity is also high, and weeds are growing fast. We should seize the opportunity to carry out weeding and picking work to prevent the formation of grass famine, and it is necessary to continue to plough weeds and loosen the soil.

3. To conscientiously do a good job in Taiwan prevention and flood control, the trees in the park should be strengthened and strengthened to prevent lodging, and areas with low-lying or serious stagnant water should be dredged and drained in time.

4. Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: do a good job in prediction, forecast and prevention.

August

1. Summer pruning of evergreen trees requires styling and pruning of hedges.

2. Lawn weeds grow vigorously, weeding and pruning should be done in time, lawn height should be controlled, and fertilizing should be combined with weeding. It is necessary to replenish fertilizer and topdressing in time, mainly P and K fertilizer, combined with N fertilizer, thin fertilizer and frequent application to small seedlings, shrubs and herbaceous flowers, at the same time, pay attention to the fertilization period and climate.

3. In hot weather, we must ensure that the daily watering work is not carried out at 10: 00 am, so as to avoid burning seedlings. (including: tree altar conservation, weed control, soil looseness, etc.)

4. Continue to do a good job in Taiwan prevention and flood control, further strengthen and strengthen big trees in residential areas to prevent lodging, and timely dredge drainage channels in low-lying and other places where water is easy to accumulate, so as to prevent water accumulation for too long.

5. Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: do a good job in prediction, forecast and prevention.

September

1. Trim the hedges. Weeding in the green space should clean up the dead trees in time, so that the trees are green and the green space is clean and tidy.

2. Thinning the overgrown trees and peeling buds should be carried out at the same time.

3. Lawns should be pruned, edged and weeded in time, and attention should be paid to the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests.

4. Weeding flower beds and colored shrubs, picking grass on the ground and collecting flower seeds should be done at the same time.

5. Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: do a good job in prediction, forecast and prevention.

October

1, pruning spherical shrubs, in order to ensure a beautiful appearance, neat and hierarchical. The tree type of evergreen trees is pruned to make their growth and development more reasonable and the shape of the trees improved.

2. Strengthen the management of newly recommended flowers, fill the empty space and water in time, and fertilize those with poor growth.

3. Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: do a good job in forecasting and forecasting, actively prevent and control, and make relevant records. November

The main results are as follows: 1. Evergreen trees and evergreen shrubs carry out thinning and pruning, mainly for ventilation and light transmission, reducing diseases and insect pests and enhancing growth.

2. Flower beds, colored shrubs and green spaces should pick up grass, cut edges and remove weeds in time, and replant in time where there is empty baldness. According to the situation, the trees in the local layout can be adjusted, and some evergreen trees and a few deciduous tree species can be transplanted. And start the work of preventing cold and keeping warm, the ability to resist cold.

Poor trees are bandaged with straw and cultivated with soil.

3. Strengthen the maintenance and management of new plants, pay attention to timely watering and proper pruning. The lawn should be combed and punched according to the situation, and the lawn should be trimmed for 3 times.

4. Fertilization will be carried out in the second half of this month, combined with the application of organic fertilizer to turn the green land.

5. prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: do a good job in forecasting and forecasting, actively prevent and control, and make relevant records. December

1, color shrubs, green space to do a good job of picking grass, edge cutting work to pull out weeds in time.

2. Thinning and pruning evergreen, deciduous trees and shrubs, mainly to remove stumps and dead branches, in order to make the trees grow better in the second year (flower shrubs that form flower buds can not be trimmed), and pay attention to clearing the cocoons on the trunk branches.

3. Bandaging grass rope for southern plants such as iron tree and sea jujube to ensure their safe overwintering.

4. prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: do a good job in forecasting and forecasting, actively prevent and control, and make relevant records.

Part IV: "the latest plants commonly used in Southern Landscape"

Garden plants commonly used in Southern Landscape

Evergreen trees:

Southern fir, slash pine, Cunninghamia lanceolata, Caribbean pine, cypress, mahogany, mahogany, false Pingpo, Chinese carefree flower, lychee, longan, face, firewood, sausage tree, Platycladus orientalis, juniper, dragon cypress, Fujian cypress, Luohan pine, willow, bamboo cypress, long-leaf bamboo cypress, Magnolia, Magnolia magnolia, incense, camphor, cinnamon, bitter catalpa, Hainan red bean, Taiwan Acacia, iron knife wood, safflower Bauhinia, Safflower Bauhinia Bauhinia, Bauhinia, almond, mango, palm wood, water Weng, water banyan, avocado, potted shelf, false betel nut, sunflower, fishtail anemone, queen sunflower, pu peach, Hainan peach, pistachio, lemon eucalyptus, eucalyptus, big leaf eucalyptus, eucalyptus globulus, white thousand layer, butterfly fruit, Torreya grandis, Cephalotaxus, Indian rubber banyan, mountain banyan, small leaf banyan, big fruit banyan, vertical leaf banyan, banyan banyan, banyan tree, Casuarina equisetifolia, wood polo, camphor leaf maple, maple Castanopsis carlesii, Castanopsis glauca, Castanopsis carlesii, Castanopsis carlesii, Castanopsis glauca, Castanopsis carlesii, Castanopsis carlesii, Castanopsis glauca, Castanopsis carlesii, Castanopsis glauca, Castanopsis lanceolata, Castanopsis carlesii, Castanopsis glauc

Deciduous trees:

Small-leaf olive kernel, water pine, water wax gourd, Chinese tallow, Fructus Aurantii, sand pear, whole-margin Koelreuteria, egg flower, falling feather fir, Liriodendron chinense, Liriodendron mandshurica, Magnolia mandshurica, Chestnut, Quercus variabilis, Quercus variabilis, Quercus mandshurica, Elm elm, White Oak, Camptotheca acuminata, Beautiful Elm, White Oak, Camptotheca acuminata, Beautiful different kapok, Phoenix Wood, Jinfeng, South Flower Flower, Yellow Locust, neem, neem, Caulownia, Chestnut, Acacia, Liriodendron, Liriodendron, Liriodendron, Qiao magnolia, purple leaf plum, green peach, plum, papaya, India

Red sandalwood, red leaf plum

Evergreen shrubs:

Cycad, Torreya grandis, rice orchid, big leaf yellow poplar, Elaeagnus angustifolia, Elaeagnus angustifolia, Camellia oleifera, South China coral tree, sprinkled golden coral, hypericum, betel nut, loose-tailed sunflower, Qiong brown, four seasons rice orchid, soft branch yellow cicada, lobular bark bone, red thousand layer, Fujian tea, gardenia, tiger prickly plum, poinsettia, Yunnan yellow carnation, peach leaf coral, structural bone, rhododendron, bright leaf plantain, variable leaf wood, red mulberry, golden edge mulberry, golden leaf banyan, bright leaf deciduous, Ma honeysuckle, purple Taurus, Jiuli incense, red back cinnamon, eagle claw, camellia, Camellia oleifera, Camellia oleifera, oleander, oleander, floret yellow cicada, June snow, smile, Haitong, Ten Gong Lao, Nantian bamboo, star anise, night flower, big safflower, chandelier, Ying Shan Hong, Phoenix tail orchid, silk orchid, South China yellow poplar, axis palm, soft leaf sunflower, short panicle fishtail sunflower, dwarf palm bamboo, Jintou bamboo, bamboo

Golden banyan, banyan, willow banyan, golden vein jade bed, duck foot wood, flower leaf false forsythia, yellow leaf false forsythia, bark bone Dan, golden leaf privet, sea taro, spring feather, tortoise back bamboo, orchid, tiger tail orchid, thick leaf grouper wood, flower leaf Fu mulberry, purple brocade wood, small leaf yellow poplar, African jasmine, mandarin duck jasmine, Xi Mei, Wenshu orchid, spider orchid, beautiful flower, safflower, mandarin mandarin, white paper fan, red paper fan, rhododendron, rhododendron, Rhododendron, double pod cassia, hard bone Lingxiao, myrtle, dragon boat flower, Yunnan yellow Jasmine, jasmine, Qin leaf coral, blue snow, blue star, Tibetan butterfly, Phyllostachys pubescens, pepper wood, red back cinnamon,

Deciduous shrubs:

Hibiscus, hemp leaf Spiraea, diamond leaf Spiraea, modern rose, glutinous rice strips, pomegranate, purple bead, purple magnolia, Hu Zhizi, honeysuckle, woody hydrangea, hibiscus, bauhinia, Yu Li, Xiaoli flower, pearl flower, butterfly tree, elderberry, fig, pepper, Chinese wolfberry, drunken fish grass, small wax

Lianas:

Tortoise back bamboo, leaf flower, chicken blood vine, firecracker flower, gentleman, Akebia trifoliata, honeysuckle, Fufang vine, Ficus pumila, kiwifruit, crawling spear, Hong Kong cliff horn vine, grass finch, ball orchid, unicorn tail, green apple, Luoshi, Chinese ivy, foreign ivy, South Schisandra, Dijin, Lingxiao, passionflower, multi-flower crape myrtle, periwinkle sesame vine, big flower old raven mouth

Eagle claw flower, big flower old duck beak, make gentleman, coral vine, creeper, firecracker flower, white flower oil sesame vine, beautiful Zhengtong, wisteria, Pili, turnip, morning glory, maple leaf morning glory, snake vine, plain square flower, big flower horse petals, garlic rattan, wood rose, Lianlian, passionflower

Bamboo:

Phyllostachys pubescens, Phyllostachys pubescens

Lawn and ground cover plants:

Bermudagrass, Chinese Zoysia grass, fine-leaf Zoysia grass, carpet grass, false thrift grass, double-ear paspalum, Manila grass, Zoysia grass, Guangdong evergreen, purple dew grass, clam flower, step grass, big leaf fairy grass, Ophiopogon japonicus, auspicious grass, one-leaf orchid black eye, calamus, onion orchid, leek orchid, suddenly laugh, white butterfly, butterfly, safflower pulp grass, hanging bamboo plum,

Purple back bamboo taro, synthetic fruit taro, white butterfly fruit taro, green apple, hanging bamboo plum, kidney fern, cold water flower, small clam orchid, white crane taro, silver edge along step grass, safflower Lantana, yellow flower Lantana, purple flower tassel

Dan, silver leaf chrysanthemum, longtuzhu, shrimp clothes flower, firecracker red, Tianmen winter, seaside evening primrose, saddle vine, ivy, lily, ginger flower, dry umbrella grass, papyrus, iris, chrysanthemum, daffodil, lotus, water lily, trifid chrysanthemum, safflower clover, Brazilian peanut vine, horseshoe, purple silk amaranth, round leaf amaranth, colored leaf grass, fine leaf cherry, red and green grass, green orchid, leek orchid, Zhu Ding Hong, lily, calla lily, periwinkle, Pseudo-thrift grass, Manila grass, Korean sesame grass, Bermuda grass, big-leaf oil grass, variegated grass, Bahia grass, short-leaf Ophiopogon japonicus

Palms:

King coconut, Washington coconut, triangular coconut, king coconut, foxtail coconut, Budi coconut, wine bottle coconut, stick coconut, Middle Eastern sea jujube, Canada sea jujube, overlord palm, oil palm, Dong palm, dragon scale palm, wasabi, golden wasabi, fishtail, golden wasabi, old sunflower, beautiful needle sunflower, short-spiked fishtail anemone, long-spiked fishtail sunflower, loose-tailed sunflower, three medicine betel nut, tourist banana, palm bamboo, sunflower

Time flower

Star flower, African impatiens, four seasons begonia, red, petunia, hybrid carnation, kale, peacock grass, marigold, dry golden lotus, pansy, pansy, calendula, thousand-day red, hundred-day grass, pine peony, horse-toothed peony, big Persian chrysanthemum, melon-leaf chrysanthemum, drunken butterfly, Xuancao, lavender, pansy

Part 5: an example of Plant allocation in South China

Plant allocation in South China

Spring feather + windmill grass + alpinia officinalis

Big ponytail iron + colorful ponytail iron + southern bamboo + kidney fern + stone

King coconut + Dong brown + beautiful needle sunflower + canna + colored leaf grass + variable leaf wood

King coconut + Canadian jujube head + red iron + red mulberry + dragon boat flower

King coconut + false betel nut + loose tail sunflower + big leaf palm bamboo + golden leaf

Part 6: "Common Garden plants in South China"

Common plants in southern courtyard

First, palms:

1. King coconut 2, fake betel nut 3, Washington palm 4, silver sea jujube 5, Canada sea jujube 6, three medicine betel nut

7, Pukui 8, Old Kui 9, loose tail Sunflower 10, Brown Bamboo (fine leaf brown bamboo) 11, Jinshan Brown 12, soft leaf sunflower

2. Trees (street trees, shade trees):

1. Phoenix wood 2, kapok 3, beautiful kapok 4, paulownia 5, pointed leaf Duying 6, pot shelf

7. Fine-leaf banyan 8, water stone banyan 9, mango 10, neem 11, shade incense 12, big-leaf Vladivostok

13. Red sandalwood 14, egg flower 15, olive kernel tree 16, tourist banana 17, red thorn forest 18, autumn maple

19. Carambola 20, Xielan 21, dachshu 22, Nanyang 23, Bai Qianlian

Eucalyptus 25, Hainan Putao 26, neem 27, Bauhinia 28, mahogany

29. Alpine Ficus 30, Flame 31, Huanghua Phoenix Suzuki 32, Luan tree with multiple feathers

3. Flowering shrubs:

1. Osmanthus fragrans 2, Phyllostachys tenuifolia 3, Alsophila spinulosa 4, Yellow Rong 5, Rhododendron

6. Robinia pseudoacacia 7, Hongqianlian 8, Phnom Penh sisal 9, Safflower 10, Huili 11, Ficus ficus

12. Carthamus tinctorius 13, Mianxiao 14, Ziwei 15, Meiruhua 16, Gouya 17, Longshilan

18. Ten thousand hemp 19, silk orchid 20, firecracker flower 21, yellow oleander 22, Fulutong

Fourth, the ground cover or color block:

1. Haitong 2, tortoise back bamboo 3, green pineapple 4, bird's nest fern 5, ruby 6, big leaf clover 7, duck foot wood

8. Angel 9, Golden Leaf 10, Cigar Flower 11, Frog Orchid 12, Samsung Taro 13, Rhododendron

14. Dwarf sunflower 15, Chunyu 16, flower and leaf forsythia 17, arachnoid 18, hanging bamboo plum 19, soft branch yellow cicada

20. Flower leaf fine ginger 21, Tianmendong 22, golden peanut 23, fine leaf dragon boat flower 24, kidney fern 25, yellow shrimp flower

26. White butterfly 27, cold water 28, flower evergreen 29, rainbow Zhu Jiao 30, variable leaf wood 31, grass along the steps

32, Euphorbia officinalis 33, Jasmine 34, Velvet Taro 35, Taiwan Grass 36, Euphorbia angustifolia

37. Manila grass 38, Bermudagrass 39, ryegrass 40, tall fescue grass

There are also some commonly used plants:

1. Bodhi banyan 2, alpine banyan 3, Shuishi banyan 4, Fengling flower 5, National Day flower 6, sausage tree

7. Iron knife wood 8, hanging melon tree 9, Thailand rhubarb flower ball 10, golden willow

11. Cassia 12, Robinia pseudoacacia 13, Sakura 14, Shuiweng 15, Magnolia mandshurica

16. Hainan Shajin 17, Flowers 18, Hainan Hongdou 19, mahogany

Nanyang Gui 21, sandalwood Gui 22, Autumn Gui 23, Laurel 24, Old Kui 25, Phyllostachys pubescens

26. Indian yellow (purple) sandalwood 27, red sandalwood 28, mountain tube orchid 29, Leizhou banyan 30, cat tail wood

Common garden plants in South China

1. Evergreen trees

Norfolk Southern Cryptomeria, Kenn's Southern Cryptomeria, Cryptomeria fortunei, Pinus elliottii, Pinus massoniana, Pinus elliottii, Cinnamomum camphora, Cinnamomum, Eucalyptus grandis, Eucalyptus grandis, Eucalyptus urophylla, Peach, Hainan Peach, Autumn Maple, Taiwan Acacia, Red sandalwood, small Leaf Banyan, Alpine Banyan, Ficus, Banyan, Chestnut, mahogany, Dylan peach, potted shelf, olive, benevolent tree, banyan tree Small leaf olive kernel, wood pineapple, even fog, face, pistachio, neem, Casuarina equisetifolia, white orchid, night flower, firewood, small leaf Duying, Magnolia, yellow hibiscus, mango, longan, litchi, olive, loquat, bayberry, grapefruit, water banyan, Luohansong, dragon cypress, bamboo cypress, sweet-scented osmanthus, osmanthus, smile, Milan, camellia, banyan, butterfly fruit, oblique leaf banyan

2. Deciduous trees

Metasequoia, Taxodium, Cryptomeria fortunei, Pinus elliottii, Liriodendron mandshurica, Liriodendron chinense, Liriodendron chinensis, Leucaena leucocephala, Maple incense, weeping Willow, hanging Gua Tree, Tuanhua, Silver Birch, Park Tree, No-trouble son, Coptis chinensis, neem, Sapium sebiferum, Moutong, Ginkgo biloba, Apple Po, Persimmon, Fig, Mulberry, Papaya, Guava, Red Maple, Acacia

3. Palms

Fake betel nut, king coconut, king coconut, wine bottle coconut, stick coconut, triangular coconut, fox tail coconut, queen sunflower, oil palm, sugar palm, big silk sunflower, Washington palm, Canadian sea jujube, Middle East sea jujube, Elank jujube, sunflower, Dong palm, sugar coconut, spiny sunflower, soft leaf sunflower, three medicine betel nut, green palm, fragrant palm, long-spiked fish-tail sunflower, short-spiked fishtail sunflower, loose-tailed sunflower, palm, plantain, tourist plantain, Zhu plantain, Brown bamboo, fine-leaf brown bamboo, Nikolai crane orchid, red handle happy forest taro, false sea taro

4. Foliage shrubs

Golden leaf banyan, golden banyan, Qin leaf banyan, willow leaf banyan, Fumu, Reed bamboo, weeping branch Dark Luo, red thorn tree, Haitong, flower leaf Fu mulberry, cycad, red thousand layer, woody night incense, pretty yellow clover, golden vein juniper bed, star anise plate, ground cypress, flower leaf cassava, southern bamboo, goose palm wood, flower leaf goose palm wood, pepper wood, red back cinnamon, red mulberry, Japanese clove, forsythia, flower and leaf forsythia, yellow leaf false forsythia, Jiuli incense, Euphorbia mandshurica, Euphorbia angustifolia, Amorphophallus, Spring feather, Tortoise back Bamboo, Euphorbia angustifolia, Caulownia, thick Leaf Stone spot, Colored Leaf Mountain Lacquer Stem, Ceylon Leaf Pearl, Rose

5. Flowering shrubs

African jasmine, mandarin duck jasmine, thin jasmine, hibiscus, Fusang, chandelier, hanging bell, poinsettia, plum, Gardenia jasminoides, hydrangea, red bract, wild peony, safflower, mandolin, white paper fan, red paper fan, yellow cicada, rhododendron, double-pod cassia, hard bone Lingxiao, myrtle, dragon boat flower, Phoenix tail pearl, Yunnan yellow Jasmine, jasmine, Wenshilan,

Spider orchid, crab claw flower, dwarf canna, Shihai pepper, Qin leaf coral, blue snowflake, blue star flower, Tibetan butterfly

6. Ground cover

Purple back bamboo taro, synthetic fruit taro, white butterfly fruit taro, green apple, hanging bamboo plum, kidney fern, cold water flower, small clam orchid, white crane taro, safflower Lantana, safflower Lantana, yellow flower Lantana, purple flower Lantana, silver chrysanthemum, dragon spit bead, shrimp clothes flower, firecracker red, Tianmen winter, seaside evening primrose, saddle vine, ivy, lotus, ginger flower, dry umbrella grass, papyracea, iris, thousand qu vegetables, daffodils, lotus, water lily, water lily, dry umbrella grass Trifid chrysanthemum, safflower pulp grass, Brazilian peanut vine, calla, purple silk amaranth, round leaf amaranth, colored leaf grass, fine leaf cherry, red and green grass, onion orchid, leek orchid, red top red, lily, calla lily, Catharanthus roseus, false thrift grass, Manila grass, camellia grass, Bermuda grass, big leaf oil grass, zebra blunt grass, Baishi grass, short leaf Ophiopogon japonicus

7. Fujimoto

Big flower old duck bill, make gentleman, coral vine, Parthenocissus, firecracker flower, white flower oil sesame vine, beautiful Zhengtong, wisteria, Pili, turnip, morning glory, maple leaf morning glory, snake vine, plain square flower, big flower horse petals, garlic vine, wood rose, Lianlian, passionflower

Part 7: "document on the configuration of Common plants in South China"

Practical table of plant configuration-brief table of common plant configuration

Aquatic plants:

Wet plants: dry willow, weeping willow, cotton willow, sand willow, artemisia willow, soap willow, small leaf poplar, Liaoning poplar, sand cypress, round cypress, Platycladus orientalis, metasequoia, neem, maple poplar, ash, forsythia, elm, split leaf elm, pumpkin elm, Chinese tallow, cherry blossom, Eucommia ulmoides, Luan tree, hibiscus, hibiscus, oleander, Parthenocissus, grape, wisteria, acacia, Tamarix, buttercup, water hyacinth seedling, long leaf alkali hair, marsh willow leaf, willow leaf lai, Mao Su, Mao Su Fructus thunbergii, peppermint, fresh vegetable, mother-in-law, watercress, watercress, water sedge, water sedge, flower sedge, squash, red phosphates, bamboo rushes, rushes, small rushes, fine rushes, flat storage, common Polygonum, red Polygonum, tufted Polygonum, Polygonum polygonum, Polygonum willow, Polygonum polygonum, Rhizoma Polygoni, Polygonum officinalis, Polygonum officinalis, Polygonum cuspidatum, Polygonum cuspidatum. Euphorbia angustifolia, Rabdosia angustifolia, long Awn stick head, Wild Ancient Grass, Reed, Coix, Verbena, Wet plaque Bud,

Water-standing plants: spring onion, Reed, lotus root, mushroom, broad-leaf moss, alisma, lotus, Euphorbia angustifolia, cattail, Hedyotis diffusa, rainy flower, calamus, barracuda, rice, water pen, daffodil, water celery, Zizania caduciflora, taro, field grass, Reed, water chestnut, Jing trigonous, needle, water candle, umbrella sedge, broad-leaf cattail

Floating plants: duckweed, water hyacinth, water lily, Euryale seed, Wang lotus, Pingpeng grass, water hyacinth, water shield, raccoon, floating fern, keel petal,

Submerged plant: goldfish algae, in front of the water wheel

Color-leaf plants:

Red or purple: maple incense, lacquer tree, chicken claw maple, tea striped maple, southern snake vine, red oak, maple, tallow, torch tree, salt skin wood, Juglans mandshurica, southern Tianzhu, Wei spear, Hawthorn, Coptis chinensis, maple poplar, Berberis, Hubei goose ear poplar, Parthenocissus chinensis

Golden or yellowish brown: ginkgo, persimmon, Koeluan, goose palm autumn, sycamore, elm, walnut, catalpa, metasequoia, crape myrtle, elm, nan tree, sour jujube, kiwifruit, seven-leaf tree, water elm, wax plum, pomegranate, yellow locust, witch hazel, free from disease, acacia

Aromatic plants:

The aromatic plants that can be planted in residential areas are: peppermint, basil, bee flower, chamomile, lemon grass, sage, dandelion, marigold, thyme, chicory, geranium, mallow and other herbs, lavender, rosemary, gardenia, rose, lemon verbena and other shrubs.

The four seasons take turns fragrant woody plant configuration such as: spring plum blossom, orange blossom; summer gardenia, white orchid; autumn sweet-scented osmanthus and winter wax plum.

Anti-pollution and anti-exhaust plants: Robinia pseudoacacia, paulownia, white pine, juniper, coral tree, heather, Haitong, star anise gold plate, etc.

Nitrogen-fixing plants: Robinia pseudoacacia, honeysuckle, acacia, Caragana, soybean, Huzhizi, sweet sweet pea, red bayberry, Elaeagnus cycads.

Honey source to attract birds and butterflies plants: dwarf yew, rohan pine, Torreya grandis, tortoise torreya torreya, tortoise torreya torreya, camphor, Yangmei, Yangmei, peach, leaf coral, firethorn, yellow pod, Haitong, Jinpan and other large-leaf intoxicated fish grass and Coptis chinensis other fragrant flowers (such as citrus plants of Rutaceae)

Perennial (persistent root) flowers: torch flower (torch lotus) feather fan bean blue fescue falling bride golden chicken chrysanthemum passing by yellow chicken chrysanthemum passing by yellow chicken chrysanthemum, large flower okra, peppermint, red flower, thistle leaf chrysanthemum iron chopsticks, garlic, day lily, Iris, purple dew grass, hairpin, flower leaf, canna, red leaf, canna, Dutch chrysanthemum, big Wu wind grass, Bletilla striata, persistent root beauty

Flowers and trees of the four seasons:

Spring: all kinds of cherry blossoms (morning cherry, evening cherry, weeping cherry, etc.), all kinds of begonia (Xifu begonia, papaya begonia, stick stem begonia, etc.), Magnoliaceae (Magnolia, Michelia, Michelia, etc.), Bauhinia, Red leaves, etc.

Plums, peach blossoms, camellias, primroses, cloves and so on.

Summer: crape myrtle, hibiscus, eight immortal flowers, Michelia, summer cuckoo, pomegranate (flower), gardenia, Lingxiao, acacia, acacia autumn: sweet-scented osmanthus, crape myrtle, hibiscus, pomegranate, hibiscus, Lingxiao, etc.

Honeysuckle, Phyllostachys pubescens, Plum Blossom, Michelia, Camellia, Camellia, etc.

Classification of common greening tree species:

(1) evergreen conifers

1. Trees: Cedar, Korean pine, black pine, dragon cypress, Masson pine, cypress, cycad, Nanyang fir, Cryptomeria fortunei, Torreya grandis

two。 Shrubs: (Luohan pine), cypress, cypress, creeping cypress, Japanese Cryptomeria fortunei, five-needle pine

(2) deciduous conifers (no shrubs):

Trees: Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Pinus elliottii, Cryptomeria fortunei, Cryptomeria fortunei

(3) evergreen broad-leaved trees:

1. Trees: camphor, magnolia, privet, palm

two。 Shrubs: coral tree, big leaf yellow poplar, melon seed yellow poplar, sparrow tongue yellow poplar, wolfbone, orange tree, heather, Haitong, sweet-scented osmanthus, oleander, Huang Xin, Yingchun, golden coral, Phyllostachys pubescens, June snow, lobular privet, star anise plate, gardenia, mosquito mother, camellia, hypericum, rhododendron, silk orchid (polo flower, arrow hemp), cycad (iron tree), ten great efforts

(4) deciduous broad-leaved trees:

1. Trees: weeping willow, straight willow, maple poplar, dragon claw willow, Sapium sebiferum, Sophora japonica, Qingtong.

Paulownia, Platycladus orientalis (French sycamore), Sophora locust (Robinia pseudoacacia), Robinia pseudoacacia, Albizia, Ginkgo biloba, neem (neem), catalpa

two。 Shrubs: Cherry blossom, Magnolia, peach blossom, wax plum, crape myrtle, bauhinia, Qi tree, green maple, red leaf plum, sticking begonia, bell hanging begonia, eight immortal flowers, hemp leaf hydrangea, golden bell flower (gold bar), hibiscus (hibiscus), mountain hemp pole (Guiyuan tree), pomegranate

(5) Bamboo: Cixiao bamboo, Phyllostachys pubescens, Phyllostachys pubescens, Guanyin bamboo, Phoenix tail bamboo, Buddha belly bamboo, gold inlaid Jasper bamboo

(6) Fujimoto: wisteria, Luoshi, Dijin (Parthenocissus, Parthenocissus), ivy, grapevine, Fufang vine

(7) Flowers: sunflower, everlasting chrysanthemum, red, canna, amaranth, cabbage, chrysanthemum, orchid

(8) Lawn: velvet grass, Zoysia grass, Ophiopogon japonicus, four seasons grass, tall fescue, Manila grass, clover, horseshoe Jin

Detailed list of common plant configuration

Commonly used street tree table

Tree features of nomenclature family

Camphor Cinnamomun camphcra large evergreen trees of the family Lauraceae, with alternate leaves, Ternate veins, two aromas and globose berries.

Platanus Platanus x acerifolia Egg-shaped like warm, anti-pollution, resistant to pruning. The crown is big and shady, so it is suitable for street trees and courtyard shade trees.

Maple Liquidamdar formosana Hance. Conical deciduous tree of the family Hamamelidaceae, having smooth gray bark, triangular leaves, slow growth and beautiful appearance.

Phoenix wood Delonix regia Raffin haemataceae umbrella-shaped positive, like warm and hot climate, not cold-resistant, fast-growing, anti-pollution, wind-resistant; beautiful red flowers, florescence from May to August

The umbrella-shaped pollen of the mimosa family of Albizia julibrissin is red, from June to July, it is suitable for ornamental trees and street trees.

Acacia Albizia farnesiana Wild. Umbrella-shaped deciduous subtrees of the mimosa family, fast-growing, dense branches and leaves, golden flowers and excellent tree potential

Weeping willow Salix babylonica Linn. The umbrella-shaped deciduous subtree of Salicaceae, suitable for low temperature, luxuriant and rapid growth, and beautiful tree appearance.

Banyan Ficus retusa Linn.. Spherical deciduous tree of Moraceae, having a broad crown, fast-growing and strong canopy, suitable for all kinds of pruning

Camphor tree Cinnamomum camphora Ness. Spherical evergreen tree of the family Lauraceae, having a broad, large round crown, strong growth and beautiful appearance.

Pukui Livitonia chinensis R.Br. The umbrella tree of Palmaceae is erect with dark green leaves, strong growth and beautiful posture.

Longan tree Euphoria longana Lanark. The round evergreen trees of the disease-free family have a round crown, strong canopy, slow growth and beautiful posture.

Azadirachta azedarach Melia azedarach Linn. Umbrella-shaped deciduous tree of the family Azadirachaceae, having a fast-growing, deformed crown, slightly umbrella-shaped, and lilac flowers.

Sycamore Sterculia platanifolia L. Umbrella-shaped evergreen trees of the family Polygonaceae, having broad leaves, rapid growth, erect young, and scattered crowns of the eldest.

Broussonetia papyrifera Vent. Umbrella-shaped evergreen trees of the family Shouma, with large, thin leaves, scattered branches, umbrella-shaped crown and beautiful posture.

Red poplar Alnus formosana Makino. Fagaceae umbrella-shaped evergreen tree, able to withstand heat and humidity, uncomfortable on dry land and hard soil, tall and beautiful

Faxinus insularis Hemsl. Oleaceae umbrella-shaped evergreen trees, strong, fast-growing, graceful leaf-shaped southern fir Araucaria cuninghamii coniferous evergreen coniferous trees, positive, like warm and hot climate, not cold-resistant, like fertilizer, fast growth, narrow conical crown, graceful posture

Qinghai spruce Picea carassifolia Pinaceae tower-shaped evergreen coniferous tree, neutral, shallow root, suitable for Northwest China

Pinus koraiensis Pinus koraiensis tower-shaped evergreen conifers, weakly positive, like cold, cool, humid climate and acid soil, needles blue-green

Round cypress (juniper) Sabina chinensis conical evergreen coniferous tree, positive, young trees slightly tolerant to shade, drought and barren, cold, slightly resistant to moisture, pruning, dustproof and sound insulation

Magnolia Magnolia grandiflora L. Ovoid evergreen tree of the family Magnoliaceae with fragrant white flowers and graceful tree shape

Acacia Acacia confusa Merr. Leguminous umbrella-shaped evergreen trees having smooth bark when young, rough when the eldest, curved trunk and strong growth

Sea jujube Phoenix dactylifera L. Palmaceae pinnate evergreen broad-leaved tree with bifurcated trunk, strong heat resistance, strong growth and beautiful posture

Long-leaf sunflower (Canary jujube) Phoenix dactylifera pinnately evergreen broad-leaved tree of the family Palmaceae, having a stout trunk, tall and majestic, and densely spreading pinnate leaves

Wang Brown (King Coconut) Oreodoxa regia H.B.K. Palm family umbrella-shaped single-stem erect, up to 18m high, slightly hypertrophy in the central part, pinnately compound leaves, strong vitality and great ornamental value

Ginkgo biloba Ginkgo biloba, umbrella-shaped deciduous broad-leaved tree of Ginkgo biloba, having yellow autumn leaves, cold tolerance, deep roots, resistance to stagnant water, resistance to a variety of poisonous gases

Liriodendron (Liriodendron) Liriodendron chinense umbrella-shaped deciduous broad-leaved tree of Magnoliaceae, like warm and humid climate, strong resistance, fertile acid soil, rapid growth, long life, leaves similar to mandarin, yellow-green flowers, large and beautiful.

Chinese white poplar Populus tomentosa umbrella-shaped deciduous broad-leaved tree of Populus tomentosa, like warm and cool climate, anti-pollution, deep roots, fast-growing, long life; straight tree shape, straight trunk, gray-white bark

Populus tomentosa Populus nigra var. Italica Salicaceae narrow cylindrical deciduous broad-leaved tree, cold-resistant and drought-resistant, slightly resistant to saline-alkali and water humidity, and growing fast.

Ulmus parvifolia Ulmaceae umbrella-shaped deciduous broad-leaved tree, like warm and humid climate, resistant to drought and barren, deep-rooted, fast-growing, long life, resistant to smoke and dust, strong dust retention ability

Feather-leaf maple (double-leaf maple) Acer negundo umbrella deciduous broad-leaved tree, like fertile soil and cool and humid climate, smoke and dust resistance, dry and cold resistance, light saline-alkali resistance, pruning resistance, autumn leaf yellow {conservation measures of southern plant sea jujube.

Commonly used landscape tree property table

Tree features of nomenclature family

Camphor Cinnamomun camphcra large evergreen trees of the family Lauraceae, with alternate leaves, Ternate veins, two aromas and globose berries.

Platanus Platanus x acerifolia Egg-shaped like warm, anti-pollution, resistant to pruning. The crown is big and shady, so it is suitable for street trees and courtyard shade trees.

Magnolia Magnolia grandiflora L. Ovoid evergreen tree of the family Magnoliaceae with fragrant white flowers and graceful tree shape

Magnolia Magnolia denudata umbrella shape is quite hardy, afraid of stagnant water. The flowers are white and blossom from March to April. Suitable for garden viewing.

Liriodendron (Liriodendron) Liriodendron chinense umbrella-shaped deciduous broad-leaved tree of Magnoliaceae, like warm and humid climate, strong resistance, fertile acid soil, rapid growth, long life, leaves similar to mandarin, yellow-green flowers, large and beautiful.

Platycladus orientalis Thuja orientalis Linn conical evergreen tree, neatly shaped when young, often curved when the eldest, strong growth, long life, beautiful tree

Faxinus insularis Hemsl. Oleaceae round evergreen tree, strong, rapid growth, beautiful leaf shape Chongyang Bischoffia javanica Blanco Euphorbiaceae round evergreen tree, young leaves sprouting, very beautiful, strong growth, beautiful tree

Weeping willow Salix babylonica Linn. The umbrella-shaped deciduous subtree of Salicaceae, suitable for low temperature, luxuriant and rapid growth, and beautiful tree appearance.

Calocedrus macrolepis Kurz cypress umbrella-shaped evergreen trees with grayish brown bark irregularly longitudinally lobed; branchlets alternate green when young flattened.

Dawang coconut Roystonea regia Palmaceae umbrella-shaped erect, up to 18m high, slightly hypertrophy in the central part, pinnately compound leaves, strong vitality and great ornamental value

Euonymus tomentosa Euonymus japonica is ovoid in warm and humid climate, resistant to poisonous gases. Watch the leaves. Suitable for hedgerow and basic planting.

Maple Liquidamdar formosana Hance. Conical deciduous tree of the family Hamamelidaceae, having smooth gray bark, triangular leaves, slow growth and beautiful appearance.

Maple poplar Pterocarya stenoptera Walnut has strong umbrella adaptability, moisture resistance and fast growth. Suitable for shade trees, street trees and bank protection trees

Evergreen creeping dwarf shrub of the family Sabina procumbens, with branches climbing to the ground and leaves with spiny leaves. Slow growth, unique tree style, green and smooth branches. The suitable land is beautified around the courtyard stone, pool, sand pit, slope and so on. {maintenance measures of southern plant sea jujube.

Duranta repens round evergreen shrubs of Verbenaceae. Suitable for large potted plants, flower beds and hedges. Yellow leaf forsythia is mainly for viewing leaves and has a wide range of uses. it can be used for ground cover, trimming modeling, forming patterns or emphasizing color matching. Chinese wolfberry Ilex cornuta is round and resistant to poisonous gases and grows slowly. Green leaves and red fruits are very beautiful. Suitable for basic planting. Broussonetia papyrifera Vent. Umbrella-shaped evergreen trees of the family Shouma, having large, thin leaves, scattered branches and beautiful posture

Ulmus parvifolia Ulmaceae umbrella-shaped deciduous broad-leaved tree, like warm and humid climate, resistant to drought and barren, deep-rooted, fast-growing, long life, resistant to smoke and dust, strong dust retention ability

A conical evergreen middle tree of Juniperus Chinensis Linn cypress family, having dense dark green branches, strong growth, suitable for pruning and beautiful posture.

The round white flower of Pittosporum tobira family is fragrant and blossoms in May. Suitable for basic planting, hedges or potted plants. Sea jujube Phoenix dactylifera Linn has umbrella-shaped dry tillering, up to 20-25m high, gray-white leaves with curved bow, strong growth and beautiful trees.

The umbrella shape of Salix matsudana Willow is suitable for shade trees, street trees and bank protection trees.

The umbrella-shaped pollen of the mimosa family of Albizia julibrissin is red, from June to July, it is suitable for ornamental trees and street trees.

Black pine Pinus Thumbergii Porl. Conical evergreen trees of the family Pinaceae, having grayish brown bark, orange-yellow branchlets, hard two-tufted leaves and long life

Red leaf plum Prunus cerasifera. F.arropurpurea small deciduous umbrella-shaped tree of the Rosaceae, having smooth, reddish-brown branchlets, ovate leaves, all-purplish red, light pink flowers in April, and purple drupes. It is suitable to plant alone and in groups, setting off the background.

Washington Palm Washingtonia filifera Wend. Palmaceae umbrella-shaped single trunk cylindrical, base hypertrophy, as high as 4cm 8m, fan-shaped round leaves, healthy growth, beautiful tree posture {conservation measures of southern plant sea jujube.

Sophora japonica Leguminosae has dense umbrella-shaped branches and broad crown, so it is suitable for shade and street trees.

Huanghuai Cassia glauca Lam. Round deciduous tree of the family Leguminosae having even-pinnately compound leaves and yellow flowers and fast-growing beautiful trees

Feather-leaf maple (double-leaf maple) Acer negundo umbrella-shaped deciduous broad-leaved tree of the family Aceraceae, like fertile soil and cool and humid climate, resistant to smoke, dry and cold, light saline-alkali, pruning, yellow autumn leaves

Acer palmatum Aceraceae has beautiful umbrella-shaped leaves with red autumn leaves. It is suitable for garden viewing and potted plants.

Pseudolarix amabilis Rehd. Pinaceae ovoid tower-shaped evergreen trees, branches and leaves sparse, leaves strip-shaped, long branches alternate, leaflets radial, tree posture strong and straight.

Wine bottle coconut Hyophorbe amaricaulis Mart. Palmaceae umbrella-shaped dry height of about 3 m, the base oval hypertrophy, forming a wine bottle, the posture is very beautiful

Orange tree Citrus reticulata Rutaceae round flowers white, fruit yellowish green, fragrant. Suitable for cluster planting.

Melia azedarch Linn. Round deciduous tree of the family azadirachaceae, having grayish brown bark, bifurcate odd, pinnately compound leaves, purple flowers, and rapid growth.

Serissa serissoides round evergreen shrubs of Rubiaceae. The leaves are dark green, the flowers are snow-white and slightly pink. Slender branches and leaves, good texture, suitable for potted plants, hedges, ground covers, flower beds, pruning shapes.

Juniperus chinensis var. Kaituka, Hort Cypress erect tower-shaped evergreen middle trees, dense branches, dark green, strong growth, long life, beautiful posture

S. J. cv. Pendula leguminous umbrella-shaped branches drooping, suitable for garden ornamental, opposite or row planting

S. M. cv. The round branches of Tortuosa Salicaceae are twisted like dragons, which are suitable for shade and ornamental trees.

Prince Robbie Phehix Roebelenii Brien. Palmaceae umbrella-shaped stem erect, 2m high, petiole thin and small, leaflets alternate, or opposite, is an excellent variety of beautiful leaves.

Podocaarpus macrophyllus D. Don long conical evergreen trees of the family Luohansong, elegant and elegant, can be trimmed into high-grade bonsai materials, or shaped into circles, cones and layers for landscaping.

Masson pine Pinus massoniana Lamb. Umbrella-shaped evergreen trees of Pinaceae having reddish-brown dry skins and brown winter buds. The tree is majestic.

South Nandina domestica berberaceae umbrella-shaped branches and leaves are beautiful, autumn and winter red fruit; garden ornamental, can be planted in clusters or pots. Araucaria ecelsa Br. Conical evergreen coniferous trees of Taxodiaceae, having whorled branches, drooping lower parts, dark green leaves, beautiful appearance and strong growth

Ligustrum lucidum Ligustrum lucidum. Oleaceae ovate flowers white, flowering in June. Suitable for hedges or street trees.

Livistona chinensis R. Br. The umbrella-shaped stem of Palmaceae can be up to 612 m high, with round leaves, spiny edges of petiole, luxuriant growth and elegant posture.

Junlperus chinensis cv. Globosa. Broad-rounded shrubs of the cypress family, without trunk and clustered with branches.

Green maple Acer serrulatum Aceraceae umbrella-conical deciduous trees. Dry upright. The posture of the tree is light and soft, which can form a noble bonsai for elegant street trees, landscaped trees and forest bath trees.

B. bodinieri is suitable for ornamental garden because of its fine ovate branches and leaves. It can be planted in clusters, hedges or potted plants. Japanese Cryptomeria fortunei Cryptomeria japonica D. Don Taxodiaceae conical, ovate, round evergreen trees. The branches are whorled, euphemistic

Part 8: cultivation and Conservation of Palm plants

Palmaceae is a very characteristic evergreen plant in Monocotyledon class, its stem is solitary or tufted, erect or climbing; leaves gather at the top of the stem, developed roots, drought tolerance, barren tolerance, strong resistance to diseases and insect pests, excellent effect in creating tropical landscape style. This edition will introduce its introduction, transplanting and disease control.

Brief introduction of introduction process

There are about 2400 species of palms belonging to 183 genera in the world, which are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical humid areas of the world. High temperature and high humidity are important conditions for the normal growth and development of most palm plants. a few palm plants have a unique ability to adapt to adverse environment, such as silver jujube (wild jujube) distributed in extremely arid areas on the edge of the desert. and many palm species that can endure flooding for a long time, such as swamp palm. Most palm plants are rich in fiber, tough stems, well-developed roots, and strong wind resistance, such as false betel nut and sunflower.

Since the 1940s, the landscape effect of palm plants has been recognized in the construction of many tropical and subtropical cities around the world, and they have been used as key varieties for urban greening and beautification, such as Miami in the United States, Jakarta in India, Bangkok in Thailand, and Cape Town and Singapore in South Africa.

Some garden companies in Guangdong began to introduce and apply palm plants since the early 1980s. Over the next two decades, southern provinces such as Guangxi, Fujian and Yunnan, as well as Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shanghai, Chongqing and Yunnan, have successively set off an upsurge of introduction, production and application of palms.

According to the theories of plant geography and ecology, several units headed by Guangdong Palm Garden Company observed and studied the growth and mortality of introduced and domesticated palms. It is found that the plants originating from the northern hemisphere generally have the potential of cold tolerance because of the ancient glacial climate, while the species native to high latitudes and high elevations in the southern hemisphere also have strong cold tolerance. Through the study of cold tolerance and cold tolerance mechanism of palm plants, researchers found that the main factors affecting introduction and domestication are temperature, light, humidity, moisture, soil and so on. The most significant role of temperature factor is to dominate the growth and development of plants, and low temperature in winter is the dominant factor affecting the success or failure of palm introduction and domestication; through the study of salt tolerance and shade tolerance of palms, researchers have selected a number of varieties with strong salt-alkali tolerance and shade tolerance; at the same time, through the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests such as palm Phytophthora, coconut leaf beetle and red palm weevil, the incidence of palm diseases and insect pests has been greatly reduced. In addition, the researchers also studied the mechanism of palm seed germination, summarized and invented the technology of palm seed germination, and mastered the techniques of full crown transplantation and large container seedling cultivation of palm plants. and effective work has been done on soil improvement, cold protection and conservation in winter.

At present, researchers have selected and popularized about 80 species of palm plants in South China, including Dawang coconut, sunflower, palm bamboo, southern coconut, fish-tail sunflower, and so on. More than 10 species of palm plants have been successfully applied in Shanghai and its surrounding areas, such as Budi coconut, Washington palm, Canary jujube, Washington coconut, and so on.

Take Washington Brown as an example.

Discussion on the occurrence and control of Phytophthora

Harm and general symptoms of Phytophthora palmiti

The disease is often harmful to palm plants such as coconut, sunflower, Washington brown, old sunflower, Canadian jujube, etc., the heart leaves of the diseased plant can not erupt normally, the new leaves shrink and wither, and in serious cases, the whole plant wilts. The pathogen of Phytophthora is caused by Phytophthora and can be identified by incubator. The pathogen overwintered mainly in the soil or on the remains of diseased plants. Germs spread through watering, rain splash, air flow and so on.

Incidence regularity of Phytophthora in Washington

The disease occurred during the period of high temperature and humidity in summer and autumn. Poor management before drought and rain or after transplanting, such as pouring water, soil water content

Plants that are suddenly elevated, poorly ventilated, or located in the tuyere are susceptible to disease. The disease is serious in low-lying, poor drainage and continuous cropping land. In addition, the disease is often related to serious root injury caused by digging seedlings and long-distance transportation.

When it occurs, the base of the undeveloped young heart leaves rot, and the leaves are grayish green and drooping, which can be pulled out with a little effort. Dissecting the stem, it can be seen that there are paste secretions and foul smell in the growing point and even the heart of the whole plant, and white mildew can grow in the susceptible tissue. Seriously affected plants often suffer from root damage, and the main symptoms are blackening and rotting of the roots.

Taste. The disease mainly occurs in the seedling stage and nursery, and the adult trees planted on the green space rarely occur.

Symptom

In recent years, the damage in the nursery is quite serious. At the initial stage of the disease, the yellowish-brown watery spot occurred near the ground, the spot expanded rapidly, slightly sunken, the surface was dense white cavernous mold when it was wet, and the disease part rotted and smelly. When the disease occurs on the leaves, the diseased part is yellowish brown and white mildew grows under wet conditions. When the disease occurred on the stem, it was dark green at first, then expanded, moist and softened, and the upper part of the stem withered in the later stage. The disease can harm the whole palm plant. Sometimes the roots and stems are cut open with purulent fluid exudation, and in severe cases, the veins of young leaves have a large number of gray-black mycelia. Phytophthora is a vascular bundle disease. In severe cases, the whole plant wilts, droops and dries up to death, and the mortality rate is high.

According to the investigation, the peak period of the disease is the period of high temperature and humidity, that is, the optimum temperature is 27 ℃ to 35 ℃. For example, in 2006, the onset period in the coastal areas near the Pearl River Delta was from July to October, from August to November in Xiamen, from June to September in Shanghai (also in early spring), and from August to November in the mountains in the western Pearl River Delta. However, the disease can be seen in all parts of the country from January to February after typhoon and rainstorm. Sometimes sporadic, sometimes in patches.

Prevention and cure method

1. Prevention of cultivation measures

1. Pay attention to the ventilation, dryness and drainage of the nursery, trim the leaves appropriately in autumn and winter every year, and dig holes and cultivate the soil to keep the nursery dry. Potassium fertilizer can be applied at ordinary times, quicklime and superphosphate can also be applied respectively to enhance plant tissue density and infection resistance and improve plant disease resistance.

two。 To select a good plot, it is necessary to choose loam or sandy loam land with high topography and good drainage for planting.

3. Rotation is implemented, requiring rotation for more than three to four years on land that has been planted with Washington brown.

4. Strengthen field management, increase the application of organic fertilizer, promote plant growth, deep roots and leaves, and improve resistance. Carry out high ridge (border) cultivation. Proper control of watering in the rainy season, timely drainage after rain, so that the rain is dry; timely watering in case of drought, flooding is strictly prohibited during watering, and carried out in sunny afternoon or evening.

5. Give priority to prevention and comprehensive prevention. Usually pay attention to observation, often prune dead branches and leaves, find diseased plants, clean them up in time, bury them deeply or burn them, and disinfect the diseased points with lime.

II. Chemical control

One or two months before and during the onset of summer, 64% alum wettable powder (1 ∶ 500 to 600), 80% aluminum ethyl phosphate (1 ∶ 400), or other dioxin, such as carbendazim, that is, Tushuxiao (common dosage is 600 to 700 times), stone sulfur mixture (1 ∶ 1 ∶ 100), dioxone (500 times), etc. Specific prevention and control methods: when transplanting Washington brown, first spray the planting site and Washington brown roots with 600 to 700 times solution of soil bacteria, or dig a pit to sterilize in the sun on a continuous sunny day, or sprinkle lime powder to disinfect, or disinfect the soil with 500 times solution of dimethazone.

After the typhoon, timely spray disinfectant alum (better) or ethyl phosphate aluminum (easy to produce drug resistance), add 0.4% washing powder to heart or spray prevention and treatment. It can also be sprayed with 80% mancozeb 700 times solution, once every 7 to 10 days, even two or three times, which can effectively prevent and control the occurrence of Phytophthora. After taking this measure, the incidence of Washington Brown and Mao Washington Brown in the Shanghai base of Guangdong Palm Garden Company has dropped from 20% in 2004 to less than 10%.

Experience of prevention and treatment

The control effect of carbendazim is not obvious. At the initial stage of the disease, if all the leaves are cut off and transplanted elsewhere, about 30% of the plants can be revived one after another after 2 to 3 years, but the growth is poor.

It is understood that the disease rarely occurs in high-temperature and dry areas such as Los Angeles, so the disease is related to high temperature and humidity, and it is infected through surface water, groundwater and Rain Water. When the roots, trunks and leaves of the plant are damaged, the bacteria invade and multiply in large quantities when the water is sufficient, which eventually leads to the blockage of vascular conducting tissue and the loss of water and wilting and death of the plant. In fact, the heart rot introduced in the literature is also Phytophthora, but it occurs in the heart lobe.

The disease is different from anthrax, which occurs in leaves, appears watery spots, and then expands into larger spots, which is easy to be found. generally, carbendazim and other agents can be used for prevention and treatment. As for leaf spot disease, it refers to the disease on leaves, the common pathogens are leaf spot mold, Alternaria, and so on, which often cause leaf blight, but anthracnose and leaf spot rarely cause plant death. Technique of transplanting large seedlings of single stem

Preparation before transplantation

l. The roots of the seedlings to be transplanted were cut in advance, the size of the soil ball was twice the diameter of the ground, and the depth of the roots was 50 cm to 60 cm. The broken root soil should be backfilled in time after removing stones and broken roots, and do a good job of moisturizing: the purpose is to calcine the adaptability of seedlings and tend to grow new roots. After cutting the root, it is best to retain it for more than 30 days, and not transplant until the new root begins to germinate. If the use of false planting seedlings, the effect is better.

two。 Dig holes and prepare for ploughing. The planting site is burrowed 20 days before transplantation, and the size of the hole is generally 1.5 times that of the earth ball. When the burrowed soil is exposed to the sun in the open air for a period of time, it is best to use pre-prepared mixed soil: pond mud + farm manure or mushroom soil + appropriate amount of mature phosphate fertilizer + appropriate amount of river sand, sand ∶ mud is 4 ∶ 6.

Planting time

The Pearl River Delta region can be transplanted throughout the year, preferably in spring and autumn, and try to avoid summer and winter, especially in January and July. Palm plants mostly like temperature and humidity, the summer air temperature is high, and the seedlings evaporate quickly, which is easy to cause too much water loss and affect survival; in winter, the temperature is low, there is even frost in some places, and the strong north wind is easy to cause frostbite or even freeze to death of seedlings.

Transplanting seedlings

The stem of some single-stem palm seedlings is thicker, the workload of transplanting is heavy, and the seedlings are easy to be injured, so it is necessary to use gunny bags or straw to cover the trunk, especially the green trunk at the boundary between the trunk and petiole. One is to protect and expand the tree trunk, and the other is to moisturize and protect against the sun. In addition, the seedlings are combined with pruning leaves to remove old leaves and retain 40% to 45% of the leaves (depending on the strength of the tree). At the same time, cut off the leaf and petiole to reduce the evaporation of water.

Planting

The seedlings had better be planted on the same day. If the time is too long, the water evaporation of the seedlings is large, and it is easy to survive due to water loss. If you can't finish planting on the same day, cover it with a shade net and spray a small amount of water on the leaves every day to shade and moisturize.

1. Return to the soil to set the position of the seedlings, that is, to return to the soil. When you return the soil to half the height of the earth ball, the loose soil will be compacted first. After returning to the soil, the mound is made into a "water storage basin" with a slightly higher surrounding and a slightly lower middle to facilitate water retention and moisturizing.

two。 Immediately after dripping water back to the soil, immediately drench the root water, before dripping water, use bamboo sticks to insert the loose soil around the soil ball, until the loose soil no longer sinks.

3. There are many kinds of fixed supports, and the triangular support made of three bamboo poles is the most economical and practical one. The height of the binding is at 2 stroke 3 of the trunk.

Post-planting management

l. Moisturizing spray leaf and trunk bandage twice a day, except in rainy days, to spray wet leaf and trunk bandage. The roots are not drenched with water, because there is excess water flowing down, and the stagnant water causes rotten roots. Cover straw around the tree head to prevent the soil from hardening caused by excessive soil temperature difference, and keep the soil around the soil ball loose, moist and aerated, which is conducive to the germination of new roots.

two。 Fangfeng is generally tall because the large seedlings of single-stem palm plants are generally high, and they are often affected by thunderstorms and strong winds after transplantation, so it is necessary to regularly check whether the support is loose after planting, especially if you find that the trunk is tilted after the gale.

3. About a month after topdressing, urea water can be used as extra-root topdressing, spray, topdressing time about half a month. After the first new leaf is grown and ripe, dig holes and fertilize with fully mature peanut bran. The hole-digging position is outside the edge of the soil ball to open a circular trench with a width and depth of 30 cm, and the fertilizer and backfill should be mixed evenly.

4. Because of the relatively weak tree potential, the newly transplanted single-stem palm seedlings are extremely vulnerable to diseases and insect pests, especially young leaves and heart leaves. Insecticidal can be killed with 5% methamidophos and 5% omethoate. At present, the invasive pest "coconut leaf beetle" is very harmful to palm plants. Adults and larvae concentrate on the foliage of heart leaves that have not yet been unfolded, resulting in the death of some or all of the newly extracted leaves and slow growth of the damaged plants. even withered. There are the following prevention and control methods: ① 81% marathon emulsion 1000 times, ② cypermethrin 500x solution, ③ use of "coconut Jiaqing", can achieve a good control effect. According to the actual operation, the author thinks that the most simple, convenient and long-term method is to combine with binding "Coconut Jia Qing" to prevent and cure it on the heart leaves.

About a month after planting, palm science university seedlings can determine whether they survive according to whether their leaves remain green or not, but in order to really determine their survival, it is generally necessary to wait for a growing season and take whether they have sent out new shoots and roots as the standard. After the author adopts the above transplanting techniques, the transplanting survival rate is increased from 75% to more than 90%, and the above techniques are highly operational, so it is necessary to popularize and apply them.

Transplanting techniques of seedlings, big trees and clump seedlings

Key techniques of seedling transplanting

Palm plants are most suitable for transplanting within a period of time after they germinate and take root. At this time, the seedlings are small and can be transplanted with seeds. in addition, there are few whisker roots, so it is not easy to damage the roots when transplanting seedlings. Using nutrition bag to raise seedlings, the size depends on the time of cultivating seedlings. Generally speaking, it is appropriate to use 16 cm × 18 cm container for 1-year-old seedlings and 19 cm × 20 cm for 2-year-old seedlings. Too small nutrition bag is not conducive to the rapid growth of seedlings. Loose topsoil, burning soil and wheat bran were mixed with a small amount of phosphate fertilizer according to the ratio of 5 ∶ 2 ∶ 1, and then bagged. First put in half a bag of mixed soil and then release the seedlings, then straighten the seedlings and compact them, so that the roots of the seedlings are close to the mixed soil and drenched through water. Palm plants should not be planted too deep, otherwise the growth of seedlings will be affected. When it is too deep, the seedlings should be lifted up to make the roots of the seedlings expand.

Key techniques for transplanting big trees

Palm plants are cultivated in the nursery for 5 to 10 years, and most of them need to be transplanted in separate beds for several times, so sparse planting and strong seedlings are selected, and the survival rate is higher.

To reduce the damage to the root group, the root tissue of palm plants is young, and there are many lateral roots and capillary roots. When digging, they should take large soil balls as much as possible and prevent them from loosening and cracking. The course of root injury should be reduced to a minimum in order to maintain normal respiration and water absorption and improve the survival rate of transplantation. During the construction, the line should be accurately laid out and the hole should be determined to avoid overwork and prevent the soil ball from being loose.

The amount of leaves retained in leaf pruning and transplanting should be comprehensively determined according to different species, climate at the time of transplantation, transplantation and maintenance conditions.

Generally, about 40% of the original number of leaves should be retained. Too many leaves will lead to withered and yellow leaves due to large water evaporation; if there are too few leaves, the plant recovery is difficult and the cycle is long, and the initial landscape effect is not good.

In the process of digging, transporting, loading and unloading the stem and its pseudostem, the stem should be protected from damage, and the part of the pseudostem should not be squeezed and bent, which is the guarantee of plant health and rejuvenation as soon as possible.

Palm plants in the newly planted soil will damage the root tip during transplantation, and it is difficult to germinate new root tip within one month after transplantation, so the water absorption capacity is weak. At this time, good water permeability and air permeability of the soil is conducive to the survival of seedlings, so large holes should be dug and attention should be paid to the quality of guest soil, and peat soil and compound fertilizer should be added to facilitate recovery after palm planting.

Maintenance within one month after planting, the adaptability of the plant is poor, to deal with the careful maintenance of seedlings, must be timely replenishment of water, proper shade, and strive to make it have new leaves to sprout within three months. If there is a rainy climate for several consecutive days after transplanting, palm seedlings will recover better because they can avoid the influence of adverse factors such as hot sun on rainy days.

Key techniques for transplanting large-scale clustered seedlings

The tufted species of Palmaceae have multiple growing points and can grow new roots more quickly after transplanting. However, tufted palms also have some disadvantages, such as large water evaporation due to trunk weight and large leaf area, and being vulnerable to strong winds because of poor air permeability. Therefore, in addition to the disposal according to the transplantation of dry palms, the following technical measures should be added:

1. After the implementation of the "hairy root method" transplantation, after digging up the larger soil balls, use a small shovel to remove part of the soil along the outer edge of the soil balls, retain more fibrous roots and moderate soil balls, and immediately outsource moisturizing lightweight materials to reduce the weight of the soil balls and ensure survival. For example, this method can be used for the transplantation of clump palms with slow recovery, such as fishbone sunflower and betel nut.

two。 The implementation of bare root pseudo-planting or pot planting concentrated maintenance until the new root germination, plant stability before formal planting. This method is suitable for rough tufted palms such as loose-tailed sunflower, strange wrinkle palm and Hawaiian coconut, which can reduce freight and facilitate construction.

In short, the transplantation of large seedlings and big trees of palm plants is to grasp five aspects, namely: selecting strong seedlings; digging soil balls and carefully transplanting seeds; moderately pruning leaves; doing a good job of ventilation and drainage of planting land; and sun protection and moisturizing after planting. The sign of the success of transplanting big seedlings and trees is that most of the leaves can be preserved and new leaves can be sprouted within half a year after planting, among which three healthy new leaves can be used as the complete success of the transplant.

Drainage: the hydrological condition of the planting land should be understood first, and the bottom of the soil ball should be placed at the position where the soil ball is 100-150CM above the perennial underground water level line and the soil layer is thick. at the same time, the underground soil ball root hydrophobic layer and the surface runoff drainage network should be done well to prevent the soil ball from accumulating water after planting. If the hydrological conditions can not meet the requirements, the method of throwing high soil balls can be adopted, that is, mixing fertile soil with loose medium or heaping high planting land with coarse sand to meet the above requirements as far as possible, and then placing the plant on the soil mound, and filling the soil ball with mixed loose soil or planting soil mixed with rot soil; remove debris from the soil around the planting site, or properly use loose medium to improve the soil, so as to achieve the condition of loosening and ventilating the root of the plant. Strengthen the inspection in the rainy season, dredge the drainage facilities and loosen the soil at the roots in time, so as to prevent waterlogging and drainage. Moisturizing: immediately after planting, the fixed root water should be irrigated to ensure that the root of the soil ball is moist and closely combined with the surrounding soil to promote the development of the root system, and then irrigate the soil ball three times in time to prevent the topsoil from cracking. In the hot summer, more water should be sprayed on the ground and canopy to increase the ambient temperature and reduce transpiration; the moisturizing treatment of the leaf surface includes: a, the newly planted seedlings should be properly built to reduce the transpiration area of the leaves; b, anti-transpiration agents should be properly sprayed on the leaves to inhibit the physiological metabolism of plants and reduce the physiological dehydration of plants. C. Under fine weather conditions, we should spray water to the leaves as much as possible, strengthen the water absorption of leaves and weaken transpiration; check the water status of soil balls and roots at any time and replenish water in time to ensure the moisture of soil balls and the permeability of root respiration. Fertilization: after planting, in addition to moisturizing the plant, foliar fertilizer with appropriate low concentration can be sprayed to strengthen the nutritional supplement after planting. Check the root germination status of the plant frequently, if it is found that the plant grows new roots, you can consider increasing root fertilization, generally choose the season when the monthly average temperature is higher than 20 ℃, apply organic fertilizer as much as possible, and properly apply compound fertilizer with high P and K content, so as to promote the nutritional balance of the plant and ensure its Shaanxi to restore healthy growth. Pest control: spraying medicine before the nursery comes out of the nursery, and after arriving at the construction site, it is also necessary to spray the plant before unloading, and to ensure that the plant is sprayed three times at intervals of one week to ten days after planting, and then it is necessary to formulate a reasonable pest control plan. Special

Part 9: "maintenance Program"

Shilien (Nanjing) Optoelectronics Co., Ltd.

Raise

Protect

Square

Case

Nanjing Gensen Flower and Tree Co., Ltd.

October 8, 2010

General situation of project

Shilien (Nanjing) Optoelectronics Co., Ltd. is located at No. 31 Hengfei Road, Nanjing Economic and technological Development Zone, with a green area of 28186 square meters. The greening plant configuration in the factory area is relatively reasonable, the color is rich, and the seasonal change is obvious, forming a hierarchical and natural ecological plant community, which basically shows the natural landscape of plants. The configuration of plant flowers, shrubs and hedges among factories makes each plant form different landscape styles. The factory has planted dozens of plant varieties, such as camphor, magnolia, beech, sweet-scented osmanthus, crape myrtle and so on, among which there are boulevards composed of camphor, ancient red maple, fruit pomegranate, Xifu begonia, ginkgo, Canadian jujube and other varieties.

In view of the existing situation of the greening landscape in the factory area, we think that the initial construction of greening is relatively extensive, and the understanding of plant habits is not enough, especially the replacement of planting soil in the greening land is not in place, and the garbage soil in some areas has not been replaced, resulting in poor plant growth.

Arrangement of greening maintenance plan

January (Lesser Cold, Greater Cold)

1. Fruit trees are shaped and pruned.

two。 Always pay attention to check cold-proof equipment, facilities and seedling cold-proof bandages.

3. Turn the land for winter ploughing and apply sufficient winter fertilizer.

4. Cut off the branches and leaves of withered, residual, disease and insect pests, and thoroughly remove the overwintering skin insect sac, stinging moth cocoon and latent overwintering insect pests.

February (the Beginning of Spring, Rain Water)

1. Continue to prune deciduous and fruit trees in winter.

two。 Continue to cut off the branches of diseases and insect pests, and pay attention to observe the occurrence of diseases and insect pests (such as cotton blowing scale, grass scale, etc.).

3. Continue to accumulate fertilizer and make compost, prepare culture soil, and continue to apply winter fertilizer to all kinds of deciduous trees. March (stinging, the Spring Equinox)

The weather is getting warmer and many diseases and insect pests are about to occur. It is necessary to maintain and repair all kinds of pest control and disease prevention equipment and prepare medicines. Pay attention to the occurrence of aphids and paramecium and control them in time. April (Qingming Festival, Grain Rain)

1. Do a good job in the prevention and control of scale insects, mites, ground tigers, aphid grubs, mole crickets and powdery mildew and rust.

two。 Do a good job of loosening soil, weeding, fertilizing before flowering and so on. Thin fertilizer should be applied to perennial root flowers and spring sowing grass flowers every week.

3. Do a good job of peeling and pruning trees. Remove superfluous buds and inappropriate branches at any time.

4. Dredge and repair the drainage system.

May (the Beginning of Summer, Lesser Fullness of Grain)

1. The shrubs that bloom in spring are pruned after flowering and hedgerows are trimmed. According to the technical operation requirements, the trees are pruned, and the roots of the seedlings that sprout are pruned at any time.

two。 Continue to strengthen the maintenance and management of trees, do a good job in replenishing seedlings, interspersing seedlings, fixing seedlings, increasing topdressing and frequently applying thin fertilizer.

3. As the temperature is getting higher and higher this month, a large number of diseases and insect pests do harm to trees and flowers, so we should pay attention to the prediction and forecast of insect situation and do a good job in pest prevention and disease prevention.

4. Carry out lawn rolling and cutting to continue to remove weeds from the lawn.

June (Grain in Beard, the Summer Solstice)

1. This month enters the plum rainy season, the temperature is high, the humidity is high, should carry on the replanting as soon as possible.

two。 The flowering shrubs were pruned and fertilized after flowering, and some spring sowing grass flowers were pruned.

3. Continue to remove weeds and continue to roll and cut.

4. To do a good job in the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests, this month we will focus on the prevention and control of bag moth, diamondback moth, poisonous moth, inchworm, tortoise scale and other pests as well as leaf spot, anthrax and coal pollution.

July (Lesser Heat, Greater Heat)

1. The weather is hot this month and weeds are growing fast. We should continue ploughing, weeding and loosening the soil.

two。 There are a large number of pests such as bag moth, diamondback moth, longicorn beetle, tortoise scale, shield scale, the second generation cotton blowing scale, mites and so on. at the same time, we should continue to control anthracnose, powdery mildew, leaf spot and so on.

3. When the temperature is high in summer, Rain Water should be irrigated to fight drought. This month is also a month with more torrential rain, so we should pay attention to flood prevention.

4. As the typhoon and tidal flood season enters this month, it is necessary to do a good job in Taiwan prevention and flood control, check regularly, and correct the wind and fallen trees in time.

August (the Beginning of Autumn, the End of Heat)

1. Continue ploughing, weeding and loosening the soil.

two。 Continue to do a good job in drought prevention and drainage to ensure the normal growth of seedlings.

3. The seedlings are growing vigorously this month, so fertilizer should be applied in time and thin fertilizer should be applied to the seedlings.

4. Continue to do a good job in typhoon prevention and flood control, and correct the fallen trees as soon as they are found.

5. To continue to do a good job in the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests, it is necessary to conscientiously control the main pests that harm trees (diamondback moth, second-generation diamondback moth, longicorn beetles, mites, etc.) and major diseases (powdery mildew, anthracnose, leaf spot, etc.).

September (White Dew, the Autumn Equinox)

1. Continue to do a good job in pest control and disease control; in particular, it is necessary to regularly check the occurrence of aphids and cysts, and immediately prevent and cure them as soon as they are found.

two。 Continue to carry out intermediate ploughing and weeding, continue to remove lawn weeds, carry out lawn rolling and pruning, and trim balls and hedges.

3. Continue to do a good job in pest prevention and control. In particular, it is necessary to check the occurrence of aphids, pocket moth, diamondback moth, brown spot, flower and shrub coal pollution and other diseases and pests, timely prevention and control.

October (Cold Dew, Frosts Descent)

1. Do a good job in the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests and eliminate all kinds of adults and eggs.

two。 Continue to plough and weed.

3. After the seedlings stop growing, check the survival rate, find out the family background, and ensure the smooth progress of winter and spring greening work.

November (the Beginning of Winter, Lesser Snow)

1. Do a good job in preventing the cold, whitening some trees or bandaging them with grass rope.

two。 Pruning trees in winter, cutting off diseased branches and dead branches; there are insect egg branches and competitive branches.