How to raise witch hazel, culture methods and precautions / sufficient light of witch hazel

Witch hazel is a plant of Rosaceae, which is highly ornamental and has been cultivated in many parts of our country. However, it is not easy to raise it well. There are many things to pay attention to. How to raise witch hazel? What are the culture methods and matters needing attention of witch hazel? Next, the editor will take you to learn about it.

First, how to raise witch hazel and understand its habits

If we want to know how to grow witch hazel, we must first understand its growth habits. This plant has a strong cold tolerance and can grow normally even in an environment of-15 ℃, but it is best to put it in a sunny place so that it can carry out photosynthesis and the plant will grow better.

2. Culture methods and matters needing attention of witch hazel

1. Soil, sandy soil is the best.

Witch hazel is a kind of plant with strong environmental adaptability, which can grow in either acidic or neutral soil, but if you want to make it grow stronger, it is generally best to choose loose and fertile sandy soil. Because this kind of soil has good drainage and air permeability, it can make the plant breathe better and absorb nutrients better at the same time.

two。 Fertilization, mainly organic fertilizer

Fertilizer is the main nutrient in the growth process of witch hazel, so we must pay attention to regular fertilization when raising it, so that it can have enough nutrients to grow rapidly. In terms of fertilizer, we usually give priority to organic fertilizer, we should apply an appropriate amount of base fertilizer to the soil before planting, and then fertilize once in the growing period and once when it is about to blossom.

3. Moisture, keep the soil moist

Watering is an essential part of the process of cultivating witch hazel, and this plant likes the wet part, so we water frequently to keep the soil moist so that it can grow better. However, in terms of the amount of water we should pay attention to, it is best not to cause stagnant water, and if it is poured too much, we should clean up the stagnant water in time, so as not to cause its root system to rot.

4. Light, avoid strong light

Witch hazel is a light-loving plant, but also has a certain shade tolerance, in the spring and autumn, because the light is not strong, we can raise it outside to receive light all day, and after entering winter, because the light is relatively strong, we had better keep it indoors in the semi-shade at noon, so as not to cause plant drying and yellowing for a long time.

5. Timely treatment of diseases and insect pests

In the growth process of witch hazel, it is easy to let diseases and insect pests enter if we are not careful enough. This kind of problem is very harmful to the plant, so we must deal with it in time when we find it. Because the longer it takes, the more difficult it is to cure it. As for the specific treatment methods, you can refer to the article on pest control of witch hazel, which is introduced in detail.

Culture methods and matters needing attention of Banyan Banyan

Latin name Ficus elastica

Also called round-leaf rubber tree (F.diversifolia)

The plant kingdom.

Phylum angiosperm (Magnoliophyta)

Dicotyledon class (Magnoliopsida)

Subclass Hamamelidae (Hamamelidae)

Cephalophora (Urticales)

Cosanko (Moraceae)

Genus Ficus

Grow money banyan

The distribution area is originally from India and Malaysia, and it is widely distributed in China, with about 120 species.

Money banyan (scientific name: Ficus elastica) belongs to the genus Ficus of Moraceae, commonly known as "round-leaf rubber tree" or "Indian rubber tree". Big evergreen trees. The potted plant is 1mi 2m high, with smooth bark and white milk. Leaf blade broad, rectangular, round or elliptic, dark green, shiny, thickly leathery, apex pointed, entire. Buds red, bracteate. Fruit axillary in pairs, rectangular orbicular, orange-red when mature. Cultivated varieties are: Golden chain rubber tree, leaves with golden edges, more obvious in autumn; flower and leaf rubber trees, leaves with yellow and white markings. Large and medium-sized potted plants are used for decoration and are widely used in the green decoration of hotel courtyard, theater foyer, entrance of shopping malls, offices and so on. The bedroom can be placed on both sides of the living room wall, corner and sofa. 1. Morphological characteristics.

Money banyan (named by the florist) is a new small evergreen tree called round-leaf rubber tree. The money banyan sold in the market is not a real money banyan. It uses the trunk of other flowers and trees as rootstocks. The branches of the banyan tree are grafted and then pruned and bundled into a "abundant" shape for sale.

Round-leaf rubber tree (F.diversifolia): evergreen shrub, 50-80 cm tall, much branched. Leaf wide Obovate, wide round head, 1.5 cm long, leathery; leaf surface dark green, leaf back yellowish; leaf margin with dark glands. Cryptocephalic inflorescences globose to Pyriform, solitary, yellow or reddish after maturity. It generally grows in mountain sparse forests at altitudes of 400m-2500 m and 600m-900m, as well as in hilly lands and villages.

Basic information Engler system

Angiosperm phylum Angiospermae

Dicotyledonous class Dicotyledoneae

Primitive perianth subclass Archichlamydeae

Urticales of Urticaria

Sanko Moraceae

Banyan Ficus

Brief introduction of Ficus, also known as fig tree, evergreen tree or shrub of Moraceae. There is milk, leaves are usually alternate, multiple entire, stipules connate, wrapped outside the terminal bud, leaving circular marks after shedding. Flowers monoecious, born in a spherical hollow receptacle. Native to the tropics and subtropics. Sex likes the environment with high temperature and humidity, sufficient light, and can also withstand half-shade, requiring slightly clayey soil with loose and fertile soil and good drainage.

2. Growth habits

Money Rongxi warm, high humidity, unobstructed air environment, winter should be placed indoors with heating equipment, but do not put the pot too close to the radiator, summer more than 30 ℃ can be moved to the north ventilated room * the topsoil in the basin is not watered, irrigated thoroughly, it is appropriate to have water exudation, it is necessary to maintain relatively high air humidity, foliar spraying can be used and tap water can be used to irrigate. It is best to put the tap water in the sun for half an hour. Light helps to decompose the oxides in the tap water. It is necessary to ensure that there is no water on the leaf surface at night, always keep the leaf surface clean, and wipe the leaves with a dry soft cloth.

Money Rongxi warm and humid environment, need plenty of sunshine, more cold-resistant, but also shade-resistant, fertile soil, good drainage. The winter temperature is not lower than 5 ℃. Because money banyan grows faster, it needs to change pots, increase fertile soil, and trim and reshape every spring. The high temperature in summer should be watered, and the leaf surface should be sprayed frequently. Fertilize once a month during the growing period to avoid strong light exposure.

3. Geographical distribution

Native to India and Malaysia, it is widely distributed in China, with more than 120 species.

4. Cultivation techniques

The propagation and cultivation of banyan plants are mainly cuttage propagation, and the striping method can also be used, and even the mature seeds can be sown and propagated, and the flower and leaf rubber tree is the most suitable striping method. Greenhouse reproduction is not affected by the season, but the most suitable season for cutting is spring, you can choose an annual top branch or side branch, usually with 2-3 leaves, in order to prevent white pulp outflow, cuttings should be dipped in wood ash after cutting, or coated with paint, cut in sand, vermiculite or perlite, can also be cut in water, the temperature is maintained at 25-30 ℃, rooting for about 3 weeks. The striping method first peeled off a circle of bark from the stem, then covered it with water moss or peat soil and kept it moist. After taking root for 3-4 weeks, it was cut off from the female parent and planted separately. Pot soil can be mixed with 1 grass charcoal soil, 1 garden soil and 1 river sand, and cake fertilizer is used as base fertilizer. In the growing season, water and fertilizer should be sufficient to keep the basin soil moist. In summer, in addition to the humid substrate, water should also be sprayed to the leaf surface and the ground, and thin fertilizer and water should be applied every January, mainly nitrogen fertilizer. Proper shade in summer to avoid direct sunlight. The overwintering temperature must be kept above 10 ℃, and long-term low temperature will cause root rot. But it can be recovered.

Key points of conservation 1) Light, water, soil and fertilizer

Money Rong Xiguang can receive direct light all the year round in the northern region. Every year after Qingming Festival, you can go out of the room and put it in the open air without shade. It is best to put it under the sunny window in winter. if the conditions are appropriate, this period is the peak growing season of money banyan.

Water it, or dry it thoroughly and then water it thoroughly. Fertilization can be combined with watering, such as soaking solution such as cake fertilizer (sesame sauce residue) and organic fertilizer in summer. In summer, if you leave the banyan outside, you can accept rain and dew, and you don't have to care about the acidity and basicity of the water. Should pay attention to some in winter, because tap water is weakly alkaline, generally every 2 or 4 tap water watering with orange peel soaking diluent is better. It is best to spray water once a day in winter, because the temperature can be as high as 30 degrees at noon under the sunny windows, and the room will be drier after heating.

Soil, there are no special requirements, general ones are fine, and loose and breathable ones are even better.

2) flowering and fruiting

In this respect, the golden banyan is very similar to the fig, and it also blossoms and bears fruit, except that the hidden inflorescence ball is green, small and hidden in the leaf axils, so it is not easy to be detected until it becomes the fruit and grows.

The fruit of Jinqian banyan is very small, only about half that of soybeans, slightly reddish after maturity, and the fruit is fibrous, so it is difficult to separate pulp, seeds (kernels) and so on.

After many experiments, it has been proved that the fruit of Ficus canadensis can not be used for reproduction. Therefore, if you do not want to watch the results, it is best to break off the fruit or pierce it with a needle when it first appears (fall off itself after two or three days), so as not to consume too much nutrition and let the banyan tree concentrate on its development and concentrate on growing branches and leaves.

3) pruning and cutting

The banyan tree grows relatively fast and needs to be pruned from time to time, otherwise it will grow longitudinally, especially the young seedlings of new cuttings will grow into a bare rod commander without topping and pruning. Cut branches can be used for cutting, otherwise it will be wasted-the easiest way to reproduce money banyan is cutting.

One of the keys to the survival rate of cuttings is the selection of branches: Lignification is required. Semi-lignified branches have more moisture and less nutrition, and they are easy to rot even in clean vermiculite, and it is difficult to take root. The new branches generally have to grow for more than 8 months before they are suitable for cutting. of course, the longer the branches, the safer they are.

Another key cutting medium for cutting survival rate, vermiculite is very good. On the flower market, 2 yuan per jin of vermiculite can be washed and used, and then buy a bag of rooting powder for one yuan. If the branches are qualified, the survival rate of cutting can basically reach more than 90%. Amorphous granular activated carbon and treated sawdust can also be used as cutting media.

After cutting, it is best to cover the basin with a white or transparent plastic bag to keep warm and moisturize. Generally, it can take root after 2-6 weeks, and the seedlings can be transferred 1-2 weeks after rooting. The seedlings are carried in flowerpots with loose and fertile soil, and they are also covered with plastic bags to keep warm and moisturized. they can grow rapidly under the sunny windows.

Finally, there are diseases and insect pests. The only bug that the money banyan attracts may be the scale bug. Often in a shady and airtight environment, Jinqian banyan is a bit easy to get caught with shell insects, which can be picked off one by one with bamboo sticks. Prevention first, just pay attention to ventilation.

5. Points for attention

Money Rongxi warm and humid environment, unobstructed air environment, need sufficient sunshine, more cold-resistant, but also shade-resistant, fertile soil, good drainage. The winter temperature is not lower than 5 ℃. Due to the rapid growth of banyan, it is necessary to change pots, increase fertile soil, trim and shape every spring, high temperature in summer should be watered more, and leaves should be sprayed frequently. Fertilize once every semimonthly during the growing period. Over 30 ℃ in summer, it can be moved to a ventilated room to the north. In autumn and winter, banyan leaves will fall in some places, which is normal, and it will sprout and grow new leaves in the coming spring.

6. Main categories

There are about 1000 species of banyan plants in the same genus, and the common varieties cultivated in horticulture are: ① rubber tree (also known as Indian banyan) (F.elastica) (N word omitted here) ② round-leaf rubber tree (F.diversifolia) ③ banyan tree (F.religiosa) ④ lute leaf banyan (F.lyrata) ⑤ fine-leaf banyan (F.microcarpa) ⑥ Xue Li (R.pumila) ⑦ willow leaf banyan (F.variolosa) ⑧ weeping branch banyan (F.benjamina) ⑨ longleaf banyan (F.binnendijkii) ⑩ goat milk banyan (F.radicans)

The money tree, also known as the cash cow, is a perennial herbal flower introduced from abroad, with a height of 50 cm to 80 cm. The underground bulb is covered with pinnately compound leaves like a zemi cycad or fern, with a fleshy petiole with 7 to 10 pairs of leaflets oval, like a pair of neatly arranged copper coins. The Buddha flame bud is reddish brown.

The cash cow is native to Tanzania and can grow well in bright or dark places, maintain high air humidity and shade in summer, and maintain a relatively dry environment but bright light in winter. The cultivation substrate is loose and fertile, rich in organic matter, good air permeability, strong ability to retain water and fertilizer, but not stagnant soil is the best, compound fertilizer is applied once a month during the growing period. It can be propagated by sowing, leaflet cutting, tissue culture and other methods.

Culture methods and matters needing attention of Carthamus tinctorius

Latin name Loropetalum chinense var.rubrum

Also known as red juniper, red rosewood

The plant kingdom.

Phylum angiosperm

Dicotyledonous class

Subclass primitive perianth subclass

Mu Qiang Wei Mu

Suborder Saxifraga

Hamamelidaceae

Subfamily Hamamelidae

Hamamelis tribe

Belonging to the genus Euphorbia

Planting and succession wood

Distribution area: China, India

Carthamus tinctorius, also known as Carpinus roxburghii, Euphorbia angustifolia, Euphorbia angustifolia, Carpinus roxburghii, Safflower Flower, Latin name: Loropetalum chinense var.rubrum, is a variety of Hamamelidaceae, Fagophora, evergreen shrubs or small trees. Bark dark gray or light grayish brown, much branched. Twigs reddish brown, densely stellate hairy. Leaves leathery alternate, ovoid or elliptic, long 2~5cm, apex mucronate, base round and oblique, asymmetric, stellate hairs on both sides, entire, dark red. 4 petals, purplish red linear long 1~2cm, 3-8 flowers clustered at the end of the branchlet. Capsule brown, subovate. The florescence is from April to May, the florescence is long, about 30-40 days, and the National Day can blossom again. There are 3-8 flowers clustered on the peduncle in a terminal head, purplish red. The fruit period is August. Mainly distributed in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the south, northern India. Flowers, roots and leaves can be used medicinally.

1. Morphological characteristics.

Shrubs, sometimes small trees, much branched, branchlets with stellate hairs. Leaves leathery, ovate, 2-5 cm long and 1.5-2.5 cm wide, apex acute, base obtuse, unequal, slightly hirsute or bald above, dark green after drying, dull, stellate hairs below, slightly grayish white, lateral veins ca. 5 pairs, conspicuous above, raised below, entire; petiole 2-5 mm long, with stellate hairs Stipules membranous, triangular-lanceolate, 3-4 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide, caducous. Flowers 3-8 clustered, with short pedicels, white, opening earlier than new leaves, or at the same time as young leaves, peduncle ca. 1 cm long, indumentum; bracts linear, 3 mm long; calyx tube cup-shaped, stellate hairs, calyx teeth ovate, ca. 2 mm, glabrescent after anthesis; petals 4, banded, 1-2 cm long, apex rounded or obtuse; stamens 4, filaments very short, connective prominent angular. Staminodes 4, scalelike, alternate with stamens; ovary completely inferior, stellate hairy; style very short, ca. 1 mm; ovule 1, perpendicular to upper horn of carpels.

2. Growth habits

Like light, slightly resistant to shade, but the leaf color is easy to turn green when it is overcast. Strong adaptability and drought tolerance. Like warmth and withstand the cold. Strong sprouting and branching, resistant to pruning. It is resistant to barren, but it is suitable to grow in fertile, moist slightly acidic soil.

3. Geographical distribution

It is mainly distributed in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and south of the Yangtze River; it is also distributed in northern India. Produced in Liuyang City, Hunan Province, Changsha County, Suzhou, Jiangsu, Wuxi, Yixing, Liyang, Jurong and so on.

4. Main value

Ornamental value Carthamus tinctorius has luxuriant branches, graceful posture, pruning resistance, flat binding resistance, can be used for hedges, can also be used to make stump bonsai, blooming season, full of safflower, very spectacular. Carthamus tinctorius is an evergreen plant with bright red new leaves. The leaf color and flower color of different lines are different when they are mature, and the leaf size is also different. The different effects of leaf color and leaf size are mainly considered in garden application.

Carthamus tinctorius is a precious native color leaf ornamental plant in Hunan, with strong ecological adaptability, resistance to pruning and easy modeling. It is widely used in color hedges, pattern flower beds, shrub balls, colored leaf small trees, pile landscape modeling, bonsai and other urban greening and beautification.

Economic value the industrial development of Carthamus tinctorius in China has a history of more than 20 years, and Hunan is the central producing area. In 2004, the production area of the province was 3500 hectares, with an annual output of 500 million seedlings and annual sales of 600 million yuan. After years of popularization and application, in 2004, China's safflower timber production area reached 6000 hectares, annual production of 800 million seedlings, annual sales of 900 million yuan, the products were sold to more than 20 provinces and cities, exported to Japan, South Korea, Singapore, the United States, the Netherlands, Britain, France, Germany, Italy, has become one of the characteristic products of China's flower industry.

Carthamus tinctorius, a variety of evergreen shrubs or small trees of the genus Hamamelidaceae, is a specialty of the evergreen broad-leaved forest zone of the Luoxiao Mountains at the junction of Hunan and Jiangxi. It was discovered and named by the late famous forestry scientist Professor Ye Peizhong in Tianxin Park in Changsha in the spring of 1938. According to the examination, the type specimen collection tree is a wild plant transplanted from Dawei Mountain in Liuyang in the spring of 1935. The tree is still alive, with a height of 5 meters, a breast diameter of 20 centimeters, a crown diameter of 42 centimeters, and an age of about 150 years. Due to years of mining, wild resources are on the verge of extinction and are listed as key protected plants in Hunan Province.

The wild resources of Carthamus tinctorius have been used in Hunan for more than 70 years. In the early 1930s, farmers in Dawei Mountain of Liuyang dug wild seedlings and sold them to Changsha, Xiangtan, Zhuzhou and other places. Some garden departments in the province also came to Liuyang to purchase wild seedlings. In 1963, Changsha Yuelu Park and other units successfully used branch high pressure method to cultivate seedlings; in 1978, the Martyrs Park in Changsha succeeded in using seeds to raise seedlings, but the genetic stability of seedlings was not strong, and 15.8% of them returned to the original and turned into mahogany, so raising seedlings with seeds is rarely used in production. The cuttage of tender shoots was successful in Changsha nursery in 1982. Because the cutting seedlings can maintain the excellent characters of the female parent, they can be cut many times in a year and can be propagated in large quantities, so this technique has been widely used in seedling production since the 1980s. The large-scale production of Carthamus tinctorius seedlings began in Yonghe Town, Liuyang. In 1983, local farmers took advantage of the rich wild resources of Carthamus tinctorius from Yonghe Town to Dawei Mountain. A series of products such as large-scale cutting seedlings, transplanting seedlings, shrub balls, bonsai and ancient pile grafted trees were produced, which led to the formation and development of the industrialization of Carthamus tinctorius in the province. In October 1999, the recommendation and publicity activity Organization Committee of the hometown of Chinese specialties awarded Liuyang City the honorary title of "hometown of Chinese Carthamus tinctorius", which greatly improved the popularity of Hunan Carthamus tinctorius at home and abroad. Carthamus tinctorius has become one of the brand products of flowers with Chinese characteristics.

5. Tissue culture

Explants: the stem tips, buds and branches of Carthamus tinctorius, which are robust and disease-free, were selected as explants, in which the explants were collected from July to August, and the contamination rate was lower.

Culture medium: tissue culture of Carthamus tinctorius includes primary culture, subculture and rooting culture. The experiment shows that the primary culture and subculture culture medium can refer to the MS+BA1.0mg/l+IBA1.0mg/l; rooting medium and the activated carbon of 1m, 2ms, NAA, 1.0mg, 1.5mg, and 0.1%.

Culture conditions: the culture conditions of Carthamus tinctorius are generally as follows: temperature 20 ℃, light time 14h/d (14 hours per day), light intensity 1500LX (lux).

6. Cultivation techniques

Propagation methods: grafting propagation: mainly using cutting and budding methods. Grafting can be carried out from February to October, cutting should be carried out before germination in spring, and bud grafting should be carried out from September to October. The small and medium-sized plants of Castanopsis carlesii were used as rootstocks for multi-head grafting to strengthen the management of water, fertilizer and pruning, which could be out of the nursery within one year.

Cutting propagation can be carried out from March to September. Loose loess is selected as the cutting substrate to ensure that the cutting substrate is ventilated, permeable and high air humidity, keep warm but avoid direct sunlight, and pay attention to the ventilation and ventilation of the cutting environment. Under the warm and moist strip, the red cuttings formed a red healing body in 20-25 days, and 3-9 new roots with thick 0.1cm and long 1~6cm grew after 1 month. The propagation coefficient of the cutting method is large, but the growth is weak and the time of coming out of the nursery is long, while the seedlings grafted with many heads grow strongly and come out of the nursery quickly, but it is more labor-consuming. The softwood cuttings were cut from May to August with semi-lignified branches of the same year and cut into 7~10cm cuttings with long heel, and the cuttings could be cut in the soil with perlite or mixed with 2 portions of river sand, 6 portions of loess or mountain mud. After planting, set up a shed for shade, spray water at the right time, keep the soil moist, and take root in 30-40 days.

Sowing and propagation: after sowing in spring and summer, the seed germination rate of Castanopsis carlesii was high, and it germinated about 25 days after sowing. It could grow to 6~20cm high in 1 year, and 3-6 branches were produced. The new roots of Castanopsis carlesii seedlings are red and fleshy, which must be carefully managed in the early stage, and can not be managed extensively until the roots become lignified and brown. Because of its long seedling stage, slow growth and the emergence of albino seedlings (atavism), sexual reproduction is generally not used in seedling production, but in red oak breeding research. Generally, the seeds are harvested in October, sowed in winter in November or sealed and stored in the following spring. The seeds are striped on the semi-sandy seedling bed after scraping the seed coat with sand, and germinate about 25 days after sowing, and the germination rate is low. The height of 1-year-old seedlings can reach 6~20cm, and 3-6 branches are produced. It can be planted in the nursery after 2 years.

Before the management of red rosewood transplanting, fertilizer should be based on rotten organic fertilizer, combined with spreading or hole application of compound fertilizer, and pay attention to mix well so as to avoid root damage. In the growing season, the neutral foliar fertilizer 800-1000 times diluted was used for foliar topdressing and sprayed 2 times 3 times a month to promote new shoot growth. In the southern plum rain season, attention should be paid to keeping good drainage, high temperature and drought season, watering once in the morning and evening, combined with spraying at noon to cool down; in the north, because the soil and air are dry, the soil must be watered in time to keep the soil moist, spray water in autumn, winter and early spring, and keep the leaves clean and moist.

1. Pruning: Castanopsis carlesii has the characteristics of strong germination and resistance to pruning. Light to moderate pruning in early spring and early autumn, combined with normal water and fertilizer management, can blossom after about 1 month, and the flowering period is concentrated. This method can promote the development of new branches and leaves, make the tree more beautiful, prolong the leaf red period, and promote and control the flowering period, especially suitable for red cabbage bonsai to participate in flower exhibitions and trade fairs. It can enhance the effect of the exhibition and promote product sales.

2. Picking leaves and wiping shoots: in the growing season, the mature leaves and shoots of Castanopsis carlesii are removed, and the tender shoots can be pulled out again after normal management for about 10 days, and bright red new leaves can grow.

3. Land selection cultivation: choose the sunny environment for cultivation, or cut the plants arranged in the southeast and above of the red rosewood, so that the red rosewood can grow healthily under sufficient sunlight, and make the flowers and leaves more beautiful, so as to enhance the ornamental.

Plastic surgery (1) artificial spherical: safflower sill wood is very resistant to pruning and disc binding, and the tree shape is mostly artificial spherical. In the growing season, the mature leaves and shoots of red threshold wood were removed and the tender shoots could be extracted again after normal management for about 10 days, and bright red new leaves could grow.

(2) Natural tufted shape: red sill wood has strong sprouting power and strong branching, and can grow into clumps naturally.

(3) single stem round head shape: select a stout branch to cultivate into the trunk, remove the rest of the branches, set the stem when the trunk is higher than above, and select a strong and upright branch as the extended branch of the trunk, that is, as the central trunk culture. after that, 4 or 5 strong branches with uniform distribution around were selected on the central trunk, and the branches were scattered up and down.

Red flower sill wood is often used to make bonsai, can make single dry type, double dry type, dry type, qu dry type and jungle type and other different forms of bonsai, the crown can be processed not only natural shape, but also can be processed into different sizes, scattered disc shape. The processing method can be used by means of flat binding, pulling and pruning, etc. In order to make the trunk more vigorous and simple, the trunk can be carved with a sharp knife, and the wound can be easily healed. In addition, it is also often used as a hedge.

Pest control

Major insect pests

There are aphids, Spodoptera litura, large and small tigers and beetles. Euphorbia koraiensis has a strong ability to resist diseases and insect pests, but branch withering and moth-eating phenomena are also found in the process of cultivation. According to the investigation, the former is mostly caused by wax cicada, while the latter is caused by longicorn beetles and brown longicorn beetles.

1. Condition: aphids will affect plant growth and induce coal fouling disease.

Control methods: to control aphids, 5% diesel emulsion or Baume 3-5 degree stone sulfur mixture can be sprayed before germination to kill overwintering adults and eggs. Spray the medicine for the second time after falling flowers and the third time in October in autumn.

two。 Disease: ulna moth and nocturnal moth do harm to the larvae by eating leaves, and in severe cases, they can eat up all the tender shoots in 2 to 3 days.

Control methods: 50% methamidophos 1500 times liquid can be used to control the larvae of Spodoptera litura and Spodoptera litura.

3. Disease: the ground tiger and the beetle eat the root system with larvae. The ground tiger mainly harms the cuttings and seedlings, and the large, medium and small seedlings of the beetle are all harmful.

Control methods: the larvae of ground tiger and beetle are underground pests. The control method is to strengthen the management of nursery and not to apply immature organic fertilizer. Ploughing in winter, the overwintering larvae turn to the surface to freeze to death. With 3% carbofuran granules, according to the dosage of 2 kg per mu, trench into the soil 10 to 20 cm deep.

Wax cicada

Wax cicadas often cut off the branches of Castanopsis carlesii with ovipositor and lay eggs in the branch tissue, which is one of the main reasons for the death of branches. The wax cicada also pierced the branch tissue of red rosewood with piercing and sucking mouthparts to absorb juice, so that the damaged branches and leaves withered and died.

There are four control methods of wax cicada.

1. 40% omethoate EC or 80% dichlorvos EC 1000 times during the damage period.

two。 After the beginning of winter, thoroughly remove the surrounding weeds and fallen leaves, focus on burning, and eliminate overwintering pests.

3. Combined with pruning, cutting off the damaged branches and leaves and burning them in time, in order to reduce the source of insects.

4. Protect the natural enemies of wax cicadas, such as birds, ladybugs, parasitic wasps and so on. Longicorn beetles have mixed feeding habits, adults eat the tender skin of the branches of red rosewood, larvae eat the trunk, mostly from the base of the trunk, the damaged branches form holes, and the tunnel is full of sawdust, insect dung. Artificial capture of adults and hook control of larvae are generally adopted.

Common diseases of Carthamus tinctorius

Anthracnose, blight, mosaic. Anthracnose: the main harm to old leaves, basal leaves, leaves are red, the disease spot is black round spot, or nearly round, resulting in early defoliation, serious damage in the rainy season from July to August, the pathogen is actinomycetes. The pathogen overwintered with hyphae on diseased leaves, which was the initial source of disease in the following year.

Prevention and treatment methods: a, clear the diseased leaves, burn them centrally, and reduce the source of the disease. B, improve management, strengthen field drainage, proper pruning, improve lighting and ventilation conditions. C, drug treatment: spray 70% methyl topiramate 1000 times solution or 75% chlorothalonil 800 times solution; Dysen zinc 800 times solution has a good control effect, such as multiple spraying should be cross-used to prevent resistance.

Blight disease

Serious diseases in the seedling stage can be damaged from young seedlings to adult plants. the pathogen invades the seedling branches from the foundation and root, and the damage produces dark brown disease spots and water immersion, and the skin and woody layer are easy to peel off, and then constricted into dark brown and die. The source of the disease is fungi.

Control methods: a, using disease-free new soil, transplanting or sowing, cutting, and disinfecting the soil. B, remove and destroy diseased plants, the use of fertilizer must be rotten heat. Fresh household manure should not be used as base fertilizer. C. The ratio of 20% pentachloronitrobenzene powder to fine soil before transplanting or planting was sprinkled on the seedbed soil at 1:30, or 4 grams per square meter of dimethazone.

Mosaic disease

Old leaves and new leaves are white and white, caused by mosaic virus, virus An or other antiviral agents can be used.

Planting methods can be isolated planting, cluster planting, group planting.

Isolated planting: select tall, plump plants to be planted alone in an important position or in the focus of the line of sight, such as near the entrance, in the courtyard or in the lawn, and pay attention to the strong contrast with the surrounding landscape, in order to achieve the effect of "a little red in the green". Can play the role of the central point of view of the landscape or guide the line of sight.

Cluster planting: the safflower and other plants are dotted in clusters in the garden and green space, which not only enriches the landscape color, but also activates the garden atmosphere. If it is planted in clusters with green tree species, it can play the role of icing on the cake, with safflower as the main tree species planted in groups to form a scenic forest, and its unique leaf color and posture are beautiful all the year round. The effect of its beautification is far better than that of simple green landscape forest.

Group planting: color blocks, pattern flower beds: color blocks are composed of annual seedlings of Carthamus tinctorius in the green space, which can be matched with golden leaf privet, spring rhododendron, summer rhododendron, golden leaf elm, Phnom Penh, etc., not only can form color contrast through leaf color contrast, but also florescence can be staggered. The transparent bone red strain should be selected for this kind of use.

Shrub ball

The safflower tree is trimmed into a ball and arranged in the green belt. Shrub balls are mainly divided into two types: hairball and fine ball: hairball is mainly made after 1-3 years of trimming, which is mainly used in large green space with extensive management; fine ball is mainly used in villa courtyard and other exquisite gardens after at least 3 years of trimming. The transparent bone red strain should be selected for this kind of use.

Color hedge

Closely planted with Carthamus tinctorius to form a color hedge, it plays the role of enclosing and separating the space. Seedling specifications should be selected according to the specific use of color hedgerows. For example, color hedges of 70 cm to 80 cm can be selected in green space, while color hedges higher than 2 meters are mostly used as green walls in the periphery of green space.

Large-scale color sculpture: orientated cultivation or modeling of Carthamus tinctorius into green sculptures such as animals and geometric shapes, which are placed in the green space as garden sketches. The transparent bone red strain should be selected for this kind of use.

Pile scene: making use of the characteristics of fast growth, large leaves and sparse branches of double-sided safflower, it is directionally cultivated into a large pile scene, which can be used in the greening of high-grade gardens and can also be used as the focus of flower beds.

Street trees in the community: through pruning control, Carthamus tinctorius is cultivated into small trees with colored leaves, and it can also be cultivated by grafting with alpinia mandshurica, which is mostly used as street trees in the community. The transparent bone red strain should be selected for this kind of use.

7. Plant culture

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