A bunch of red worms, a string of red diseases and insect pests control / 3 diseases 2 insect pests

When we plant plants, once the environment is not suitable or the conservation method is improper, it is possible to cause plant worms, even plants with disease resistance and vitality are no exception, so is it a string of red worms? The answer is yes, what if it grows worms? Let's take a look at a bunch of red pest control methods.

A bunch of red bugs?

A string of red is also possible to grow worms, and the more common pests are red spiders and aphids, which feed on the sap of a string of red plants, resulting in nutrient loss of leaves and roots, resulting in plant withering, yellowing or death. and it can cause other diseases, which is quite a threat.

Prevention and control: the means to prevent tooth decay of red spiders and aphids is to keep the environment clean, tidy, well ventilated, suitable temperature and light, etc., when pests appear, they need to be cleaned up in time, in addition to wet cloth and brushes. Omethoate emulsion 1500 times can also be sprayed.

A series of prevention and control methods of diseases and insect pests

1. Virus disease

Symptoms: there are four types of symptoms of virus disease, namely mosaic type, yellowing type, necrotic type and deformed type. The cause is that pests spread the virus to a string of red plants, and the main disseminators are aphids. This shows how important it is to prevent aphids and other pests.

Prevention and treatment: disinfect the seeds when sowing, such as soaking in 10% trisodium phosphate solution for 20 minutes, etc., can effectively reduce the emergence of the virus, in addition to spraying some aphids to prevent aphids, such as 1000 times of trichlorfon and so on.

2. Leaf spot

Symptoms: dark brown spots appear on a string of red leaves, and there may be disease spots on the stems and petioles. At first, the disease spots will be relatively small, but if not treated in time, the disease spots will gradually expand, and finally the disease spots may become irregular, and there are wheel lines on the edges. Eventually the plant will turn yellow and weak.

Prevention and treatment: do not plant too much density, to ensure that there are ten kinds of plants, if the branches and leaves crisscross together in the growth process, need to cut off the dense branches in time, after the onset of the disease can be treated with 1000 times of topiramate.

3. Downy mildew

Symptoms: the first to be killed is the base of the leaf, and then to the upper, the leaf surface first appears light yellow disease spot, the shape is nearly round or polygonal, and then frost-like mildew spots are produced when the air is relatively humid, and finally the leaves die.

Prevention and treatment: when watering, try to use small water to avoid flooding, rainy days need drainage and waterlogging, when the disease should be controlled watering, and reduce air humidity, and then spray 400600 times liquid HILOT Kai cream.

Control techniques of Diseases and insect pests of Chrysanthemum morifolium

Powdery mildew disease of melon leaf chrysanthemum mostly occurs in seedling stage, which mainly harms leaves and buds and flowers in the later stage. In the early stage of the disease, powdery white spots appeared on the leaves, but it was not obvious. The lesion gradually expanded into round or irregular light yellow spots with a lot of red powder. When the environmental humidity is high, large powdery mildew spots cover the whole leaf, causing the leaf to twist, curl and wither. In severe cases, pedicels and petals can also be damaged. The susceptible plants were short, small, malformed and withered ahead of time.

Prevention and control methods: strengthen cultivation management, pay attention to ventilation, basin distance should not be too close, watering should not be too much, there should not be stagnant water on leaves. The diseased plants were found and cleared as soon as possible.

At the initial stage of the disease, spray 70% methyl topiramate 1000 times, or 25% carbendazim wettable powder 2000 times, or 25% trimethoprim wettable powder 2000 times for prevention and treatment. Spray once every 10-15 days, 2-3 times in a row. White whitefly, also known as small white moth, white fly. Melon leaf chrysanthemum, chrysanthemum a string of red dry golden lotus, carnation longevity chrysanthemum, geranium, marigold chrysanthemum upside down golden bell, pansy poinsettia and other plants can be hurt. It is mainly caused by adults and larvae clustered on the back of the leaves of the host plant and sucking juice. In serious cases, the leaves fade, wither or even dry up, which directly affects the growth and development of flowers. At the same time, each insect state can also secrete honeydew and induce coal fouling disease, which is also an important vector to transmit plant virus.

The insect can produce more than ten generations a year, and it can reproduce all the year round in the greenhouse. The larva is harmful for 8-10 days and overwinters on the greenhouse plants in various states.

Prevention and control methods: strengthen plant quarantine, strictly prohibit all kinds of flower seedlings with insects from entering the greenhouse or greenhouse, in order to reduce their overwintering rate.

Remove weeds around the greenhouse and greenhouse and reduce the source of insects. When the insect is found, it can be fumigated with 80% dichlorvos at 1:2 with water atomization, according to 1 ml per square meter of raw liquid, every 5-7 days continuously for 5-7 times. Doors and windows should be closed tightly when fumigating. Or use 2.5% cyanothrin 2000 times solution, or 20% quick kill 2000 times solution, spray once every 6 days, 2 times 3 times in a row.

The use of yellow plastic board, coated with sticky oil, inserted in the greenhouse or greenhouse, trapping and killing adults is very effective.

Maintain and make use of natural enemies, such as Chrysopa sinensis, aphid wasps, etc.

In addition, there are aphids, chrysanthemum leaf moths and other damage on the melon leaf chrysanthemum, which can be prevented and treated with reference to the methods introduced by other flowers.

Dahlia, also known as Dahlia, Tianzhu peony, peony, sweet potato flower, marble, passionflower and chrysanthemum, is a perennial herb of Compositae. The colors of dahlias are colorful, with red, yellow, orange, purple, white and other colors, very attractive. Dahlia adapts to different climates and soils throughout the country, with few diseases and insect pests, easy to manage and best to breed. However, it is often harmed by the following diseases and insect pests: spots occur after the symptoms of Dahlia mosaic disease, brown and green along both sides of the veins, translucent "bright veins", yellowish patches appear on the diseased leaves, leaves wrinkle, growth stagnant, and plants are short. Plants grown from infected roots rarely grow to normal height. The pathogen Dahlia mosaic virus (Dahlia Mosaic Virus), which is icosahedral, is transmitted by aphids and Ye Chan. It can also be transmitted by grafting. The virus can also infect zinnia, snake chrysanthemum, golden chicken chrysanthemum and petunia. In addition, cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), tobacco necrosis virus (TSV) and tomato spot wilt virus (TSWV) can also cause virus disease in Dahlia. Control methods 1. Root tubers or sprouting buds of diseased plants should not be used as culture materials. 2. Observe carefully and remove the diseased plant and burn it in time. 3. Spray 50% malathion 1000 times or 40% dimethoate 1500 times and 25% carbaryl 800 times to control virus-borne pests. Symptoms of Botrytis cinerea disease in Dahlia the flowers are easy to be damaged and turn brown, and then soft rot occurs. In severe cases, the buds can not open, resulting in gray mildew (pathogen fruiting body). Therefore, gray mold is also known as flower rot. When the disease occurs on the leaves, there are nearly round to irregular disease spots, which often occur at the edge of the leaves, light brown to brown, sometimes showing wheel patterns, watery, and gray mold when the humidity is high. The stem spot is brown, sometimes showing a wheel pattern, watery, and gray mold grows when the humidity is high. The disease spot on the stem is brown and irregular, and the stem softens and collapses when it is serious, which is the main disease of Dahlia. The pathogen Botrytis cinerea [Botrytis cinerea Pers.] belongs to the subphylum Botrytis cinerea. The conidiophores are slender, branched, sometimes bifurcate near the top, and there are single cells of conidia on the short peduncles, ovoid, usually producing black, irregular sclerotia. The pathogen of transmission overwintered mainly by sclerotia along with the residue of the diseased plant. Under suitable conditions, sclerotia grow conidiophores, produce conidia, and cause secondary infection. The conidiophores produced on the disease spot produce conidia and cause primary infection. The conidia produced on the disease spot are transmitted by wind and rain, causing re-infection. The harm is serious in rainy season, and the host range of pathogen is wide. Prevention and control methods 1. Because Botrytis cinerea is parasitic and saprophytic, diseased flowers and leaves should be cut off and buried in time. 2. Implement rotational planting. Or switch to germ-free new soil. 3. Strengthen cultivation management to avoid planting too dense, so as to facilitate ventilation and light transmission. Do not sprinkle the plant when watering, so as not to spread germs by splashing. Pay attention to the elimination of stagnant water after rain. Dahlia powdery mildew symptoms Dahlia powdery mildew harms leaves, buds, flower stalks and flower buds. There is a layer of white powder on the surface of the disease, that is, conidia. Several small disease spots on the leaves can be connected to form large disease spots. After being killed, the plant is short, the leaf surface is uneven or curly, and the tender shoot is malformed. Flower buds cannot blossom or only produce deformed flowers after being killed. In severe cases, it can dry up the leaves and even kill the whole plant. Autumn and winter produce gray mycelium and a few small black spots. The small black spot is a closed capsule. The pathogens are Polygonum powdery mildew Erysiphe polygoni DC., ascomycetes and powdery mildew. The hyphae grow on the positive and negative sides of the leaves. The route of infection overwintered by mycelium. When the temperature rose to 18 ℃-25 ℃ in the next year, the mycelium began to grow and produced a large number of conidia. When the environmental conditions were suitable, the mycelium germinated and grew, producing sucking cells and absorbing nutrients in the tissue. High temperature and humidity are conducive to the disease. Prevention and control methods 1. Cut off and destroy the diseased plants. 2. During the disease season, the symptom root and tuber root of Dahlia bacterial wilt were browned and rotted by spraying with 1500 times solution of 15% Fenrugin wettable powder or 70% methyl thiophanate wettable powder or 50% carbendazim wettable powder, and the aboveground leaves wilted and drooped. Cross-section of the diseased root, stem, xylem was yellowish brown, and bacterial pus overflowed. The pathogen is bacterial wilt pathogen Pseudomons solanacearum E.F.smith. The pathogens of infection can saprophyte in the remains of diseased plants or in the soil, and breed in large quantities in the environment of high temperature and high humidity, and invade from the wound when the host is encountered. When transplanting in high temperature and rainy season, if the soil or fertilizer carries Ralstonia solanacearum, the disease is most likely to occur. Prevention and control methods 1. Cultivate disease-free seedlings and avoid selecting breeding materials in disease areas. 2. Do not plant in the soil where the disease has occurred. Strengthen the management of seedlings to avoid wounds. Watering should be appropriate, and irrigation water in the disease area should be prevented from flowing to healthy plants. Diseased plants should be removed and burned. 3. Improve the soil: spread 100-150 kg of hydrated lime per mu, apply enough rotten farm manure, turn over the soil, make the soil fertile, loose and slightly alkaline, so as to inhibit the reproduction of bacteria and enhance plant resistance. 4. Chemical prevention and control: 1) remove and burn the diseased plants in time, inject 2% formaldehyde solution or 20% lime water into each hole for disinfection, or sprinkle lime powder. 2) at the initial stage of the disease, streptomycin was sprayed with 4000 times of streptomycin or 30%DT (copper succinate) wettable powder, 70%DTM wettable powder was sprayed, or 77% of the solution was killed. Spray every 7-10 days, 3-4 times in a row. 3) the above agents can also be used to irrigate the roots, 0.5 kg per plant, combined with spray, once in 7-8 days, 3-4 times in a row. Dahlia dark streak symptoms of the leaf surface and leaf edge of the round or semicircular dark green wheel-like disease spot. The spot turns dark brown and grayish green in the middle. There are black spots and small particles on the surface of the lesion. When seriously ill, the leaves wither and droop. Pathogen Phyllosticta dahliaecola Brunaud. It is called Dahlia Flower and Leaf spot Fungi, which belongs to the subphylum Dahlia. Through the route of transmission, the conidia stayed on the surface with the diseased remains to survive the winter. After the conidia germinated in the following year, the budding tube invaded the host. After that, conidia and conidia were produced in the disease department, which spread by wind and rain and re-infected. The temperature of 21 ℃ is favorable for its occurrence or epidemic. Prevention and control methods 1. After harvest, thoroughly remove the disease and debris and concentrate on burning or turning over the land, so as to reduce the source of primary infection. 2. At the initial stage of the disease, 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 500x, 40% polysulfide suspension 500x, 50% mixed sulfur suspension 500x, 1 200 Bordeaux, 77% Kill wettable powder 500x, 50% copper succinate (DT) wettable powder 400,500x, once or twice every 10 days were sprayed. Dahlia flower blight symptoms Corolla disease. The top part of the petal is light brown, with round or subcircular spots, then the petals expand, the petals wither from the disease, and gradually turn brown and die. The lateral Corolla develops to the medial Corolla, resulting in rotten petals sagging. The conditional pathogens could grow at 5-25 ℃, and 20-25 ℃ was the most suitable. It is rainy in autumn and the double large flowers are seriously ill. The pathogen Itersonilia perplexans Derx belongs to fungal semi-knowing subphylum, Trichoderma, Lepidoptera, Pseudomonas fungal. The hyphae of the bacteria are easy to form a lock-like union, and some cells of the hyphae form small stalks, which produce asymmetrical colorless spores and emit powerfully. The bacteria living on the remains of diseased flowers are the source of infection of the disease. The control method can refer to the chrysanthemum black spot. Wet rot occurred at the base of the plant with symptoms of white silk disease of Dahlia, which was brown and black at first, then produced white silk mycelium and formed sclerotia the size of rapeseed. The pathogen of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum [Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.] belongs to the subphylum of half-known bacteria. The hyphae are white, loose or agglomerated into a linear shape and attached to the substrate, forming a sclerotia, which is small (0.5-1.0 mm in diameter) and neat, initially white, then yellowish brown, and then grayish white inside. The pathogen of transmission survived in the soil and plant residues for many years with mycelium and sclerotia, and invaded the host from the root neck of the plant. The pathogen has a wide range of hosts, such as Iris, orchid, peony, pyrethrum, peach, pear and so on, causing quenching, root rot, base rot and fruit rot. Control method 1, pull out the diseased plant, burn the sclerotia in the soil, spread lime in the disease point, or fill it with poisonous soil made of 70% pentachloronitrobenzene powder and 100 times new soil for disinfection. 2. At the initial stage of the disease, the stem base of the diseased plant was irrigated with 50% topiramate wettable powder 500 times or 50% carbendazim wettable powder 500 times, and irrigated again every 7-10 days. Willow bat moth, also known as oriental bat moth, belongs to Lepidoptera, Batmoth family. Distribution and damage are distributed in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, the former Soviet Union, Japan and other places. Do harm to many kinds of flowers and trees. For harmful larvae to damage branches and stems, the entrance of the road is often sunken and annular, and the screen is covered with sawdust to form a sawdust package. Morphological characteristics adult body length 35-44 mm, wingspan 66-70 mm. Body pink brown to tea brown. Antennae short linear. The front edge of the forewing is ringed with a dark greenish, angular stripe in the center, and two broad brown diagonal bands on the outer edge of the stripe. The hind wings are narrow and the abdomen grows. Ovoid, 0.6-0.7 mm in diam., black, slightly glossy. The larvae are dark brown, dirty white in chest and abdomen, cylindrical in shape, with yellowish-brown tubercles on the body, and the length of the mature larvae is 44-57 mm. Most of the life history habits in Liaoning Province are 1 generation in 1 year and 1 generation in 2 years, overwintering with eggs on the ground or larvae at the base. The next spring began to hatch in the middle of May. In early June, it turned to fruit growers, trees or weeds and other stem food damage. Pupation begins in early August and ends in late September. Eclosion into adults in late August. The peak period of Eclosion is in mid-September and finally in mid-October. Adults mate and lay eggs after Eclosion. Overwintering with eggs. Part of the larvae hatched in the later stage, or those whose growth is delayed by other interference, overwintered as larvae. In the following year, it began to Eclosion into adults in July, and then spawned for two years to complete one generation. Most of the adults emerged from 16 to 18:00. Adults often hang from tree trunks, trees or weeds during the day and do not begin to fly, mate or lay eggs until after sunset. Adults are backlit. Spawning immediately after mating, there is no certain place to lay eggs, most of them lay eggs one by one with the trembling of their wings, some lay eggs at the end of the mating, and most of them lay eggs without mating. The number of eggs laid by females ranges from hundreds to thousands. Prevention and control methods 1. Cut off the seedlings and branches with sawdust bags. 2. Chemical control: 1000 times parathion solution was sprayed to the ground when the early instar larvae were active on the ground from late May to early June. When the middle-aged larvae transfer to the trunk, drop 50% dichlorvos 10 times into the wormhole. Short-forehead negative locust, commonly known as grasshopper, is widely distributed. the harmful flowers are impatiens, cockscomb, a string of red, pansy, goldfish grass, thousand-day red, calendula, hundred-day grass, daisy, chrysanthemum, echinacea, rose, jasmine, mulberry, dahlia, gardenia and so on. For the injurious early instar nymphs like to eat the damaged leaves, the injured leaves show a network, and then disperse feeding later, resulting in leaf gaps and holes, leaving only the main vein of the whole leaf in severe cases. The adult is 21-31 mm long and is light green to brown and yellowish. The head protrudes forward. The hind foot is developed as a jumping foot. Front wings are green. The rear wing is red at the base and green at the end. There is a yellowish-brown secretion outside the egg mass. Single egg milky white, oval. The nymph is light green at first, with white spots on the cloth, resembling an adult, wingless and only with wing buds. The life history and habits of the insect occur two generations a year in the Yangtze River Basin and other areas. Overwintering with eggs in the soil. From May to June of the following year, the eggs hatched. In early July, the first generation of adults began to lay eggs. The middle and last ten days of July are the peak spawning period. The second generation nymphs began to hatch in late July, and the hatching peak was in the first and middle of August. From mid-late September to early October, the second generation adults began to lay eggs, and the peak spawning period was from late October to early November. Control methods: 1. When the nymphs of the first instar are concentrated, they should be killed manually. 2. Spray 50% fenitrothion emulsion 1000 times, or 25% imidophos 1000 times.