How to deal with the long insects of Gladiolus, disease and pest control of Gladiolus / 3 diseases and 1 pest

The reason why gladiolus is popular is related to the high ornamental value of its flowers, but when planting it, flower friends will cause gladiolus plants to grow insects because of improper maintenance, resulting in yellowing leaves, fewer flowers, and serious death of the whole plant, so we have to find ways to avoid this situation, so how to deal with gladiolus worms? Let's take a look at the prevention and control methods of diseases and insect pests in Gladiolus.

How to deal with the gladiolus long worm

Thrips: this is the most common pest on the gladiolus plant. It usually goes out during the day and hides in the axils of the leaves. When the light is weak at night or on cloudy and rainy days, it will come out to harm the leaves and feed on the leaves, roots and flowers. When the leaves change from green to yellow, there will be white-gray spots on the Corolla, and the petals will eventually curl.

Prevention and control methods: the prevention and control of thrips need to pay attention to the fertilization in the breeding methods of gladiolus, apply more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to improve disease resistance, and spray 1000 times of dimethoate EC when the disease occurs.

Control methods of diseases and insect pests of Gladiolus

1. Mosaic disease

The affected parts are mainly leaves and flowers. At first, there will be round spots or corner spots on the leaves, then expand into polygons, the color becomes brown, the leaves will be yellow and curled after the disease, the plant will become short, the spikes will become shorter, and the flowers will not be in full bloom.

Prevention and treatment: when planting, you should choose a strong corm that does not contain virus, and you can disinfect it with potassium permanganate solution. Remove the diseased corms in time after the onset of the disease, and then spray the leaves with 58% mancozeb wettable powder 500 times or 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder.

2. Leaf spot

Although the main harmful part is the leaf, but if it is not treated in time, it will infect the bulb, and the leaf spot will lead to brown spots on the leaf surface of Gladiolus, the markings will continue to expand, the color will continue to deepen, and finally the whole leaf will wither. how the corm is infected will affect the reproduction and growth of Gladiolus.

Control methods: like mosaic disease, in the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests of Gladiolus, the prevention means of leaf spot disease is to choose excellent varieties without pathogens to plant. After the outbreak of the disease, the medicament used is 75% chlorothalonil 800 times liquid, or 65% Dysen zinc solution.

3. Fusarium wilt

It mainly harms the corm of Gladiolus, which will infect the whole plant in the later stage. At the initial stage of the disease, small reddish-brown spots will appear on the bulb, and then continue to expand, depression and atrophy, resulting in corm rot and white filamentous bodies. In serious cases, the plant grows poorly, and the flowers will be deformed.

Prevention and control methods: when breeding, the seed ball had better be soaked in formalin solution for 2 hours, then washed with 40 degrees warm water and dried in a cool place for cold storage, and the sown goods also need to be disinfected again. For example, soaking in 500 times carbendazim solution can prevent the occurrence of Fusarium wilt.

Efficient cultivation techniques of Gladiolus and Control measures of main Diseases and insect pests

How to grow gladiolus? Today, the editor of Huinong Network will talk to you about the configuration methods and planting management techniques of Gladiolus in the garden. Friends who want to learn must not miss it.

1 the application value and configuration method of landscape architecture

The leaves of Gladiolus are linear, tall and straight like swords; the pedicels are slender, the spikes are erect, the flowers are chic, and the flowers are colorful and rich; all varieties have the same florescence and high flowering rate, and the flowering period is long. The plant height and shape varies with different varieties, its excellent linear flower posture is easy to be flexibly matched with other types of flowers, the garden ornamental value is very high, and the cultivation and management of Gladiolus is relatively simple. It is a good material for flower bed, flower border, flower sea, basic planting, lawn and ground cover plants, and water greening. However, compared with other herbaceous flowers, the plant of Gladiolus is higher, which should be fully considered in garden configuration. When making flower border layout, it is usually used as background or skeleton flower material, and when used as flower bed or flower sea layout, Gladiolus is usually placed in the center or background of the planting area, and some flowers of medium height are used as foreground plants to avoid exposing too many lower leaves of Gladiolus; or stone collocation to create a different plant landscape. It can also be designed as a special garden to organize different strains and colors of Gladiolus according to certain design patterns and different cultivation environments to create a unique landscape. Gladiolus Xi Yang afraid of the wind, planting to avoid planting in the location of lack of sunlight, should not be planted in the tuyere, so as to avoid lodging.

As Gladiolus is known and loved by more and more people, people are no longer limited to appreciating its beauty from flower arrangement. Gladiolus has the characteristics of simple cultivation and management, beautiful leaf shape, unique flower shape, rich flowers and colors and easy collocation, so it has the feasibility of family cultivation. People can design and configure according to their own preferences in the family terrace and courtyard. Or choose varieties with shorter plants and plant them in a low position with tall pots for potted ornamental plants.

2 growth habits

Gladiolus prefers the climate of warm winter and cool summer. The bulb generally begins to sprout at 4: 5 ℃. The optimum temperature for growth and development is 20: 25 ℃ in daytime, 10: 15 ℃ at night, and stops growing at 3 ℃. If the lower temperature is encountered for a long time in the 2-5 leaf stage (flower bud growth and development period), it is easy to cause blind flowers. The critical temperature for root growth is 7: 9 ℃. Below this temperature, the root system stops growing. The resistance to high temperature is strong, but the excessive temperature growth slows down, the flower color decreases, and the petals are prone to burn. Gladiolus originated in Africa and the Mediterranean coast, like adequate sunshine, warm and humid climate growth conditions, the growth period needs sufficient water, but not resistant to waterlogging. The soil requires that the pH value is between 6.0 and 7.0.

3Variety selection

At present, there is no unified method for the classification of Gladiolus in the world, but it is mostly classified according to habit, growth period, flower shape, flower diameter, flower color and so on. Because Gladiolus is mostly used for cut flowers in the market, there are more varieties with large flowers, more florets and higher plants. While these varieties with large flowers and tall plants are used in gardens, planting on flower beds is prone to lodging. Therefore, in the application of garden, the selection principle of Gladiolus varieties is that the flower type should be small rather than large, the plant should be short rather than high, and the stem should be hard rather than soft. Dry flowers and middle flowers are the main choice of growth period. The size of the bulb will also affect the height of the plant, the thickness of the stem, the length of the spike, the number of florets, the smaller bulb, the smaller bulb, the shorter plant, the thinner stem and the less floret. Therefore, the selection of bulbs with circumference 6~8cm or 8~10cm can avoid the problem of lodging because the plant is too high and the spike is too long.

4 cultivation and management

4.1 Land preparation

According to the growth habits of Gladiolus, the sandy loam with sufficient sunshine, loose and fertile soil layer and good drainage was selected for planting. It is best to choose the native land that has not been planted with Gladiolus, because Gladiolus is afraid of continuous cropping, and the cultivated land that has been planted with Gladiolus has to be strictly sterilized. Before planting, remove weeds, plough the soil deeply, plough the 25~30cm deeply, sun the soil for 2 days, apply sufficient base fertilizer, apply 1~2kg organic fertilizer every 1m2, mix the fertilizer evenly in the soil, hold the ground flat with a rake, do not have the phenomenon of potholes, and facilitate water storage and drainage. Gladiolus avoid stagnant water, large area planting, such as Flower Sea planting, it is appropriate to use border planting method, leaving enough drainage ditch. The width of each border is 80~120cm, the height of border is 20~25cm, and the furrow is 20cm.

4.2 planting

The planting season of Gladiolus is determined according to the local climatic conditions and the best viewing time. In the south subtropics, there is no severe cold in winter and no heat in summer, so it can be planted all the year round, but the climate in autumn and winter is warm and frost-free, which is very suitable for the growth and flowering of Gladiolus. Spring Festival is not only the main season for the production of fresh cut flowers of Gladiolus, but also the main season for garden application and flower bed planting. Different varieties have different growth periods, and the climate is also slightly different in different years. The production of cut Gladiolus during the Spring Festival usually takes 90 days for growth, while for garden application and flower bed planting, it takes a little more than 5 days. Before planting, the seed bulbs of Gladiolus were graded and selected, and the bulbs without disease, spot, germination and rooting were selected and planted in pieces. The row spacing is about 15cm × 20cm. The planting depth of sandy soil should be slightly deeper than that of clayey soil, so as to prevent lodging after flowering. Water once immediately after planting.

5 maintenance and management

5.1 watering and drainage

Gladiolus needs sufficient water during its growing period, but it is not resistant to waterlogging. Sufficient water should be watered during maintenance, but not too much water. Gladiolus is not resistant to stagnant water, so we should do a good job of drainage to ensure a smooth flow. Sprinkler irrigation, flood irrigation and drip irrigation can be used to supply water evenly at the seedling stage of Gladiolus, which is beneficial to the growth of plants, but it is not suitable after entering the flowering stage, because sprinkler irrigation will increase the weight of flowers and easily cause lodging. Flood irrigation is to irrigate the planting area through the border ditch water supply, in order to achieve the effect of irrigation, flood irrigation is not flooded over the border surface as the water supply standard, immediately stop irrigation when the border surface appears water stains, and remove the excess water in the border ditch in time. After each flood irrigation, the border can generally keep sufficient water for 4-5 days. After many times of flood irrigation, the soil will appear hardening phenomenon, so it is necessary to plough and loosen the soil. Although flood irrigation can make the soil have sufficient water, this kind of irrigation method is easy to cause waste of water resources. Drip irrigation can not only effectively control soil moisture according to the different requirements of water in different stages of gladiolus growth, but also play a role in saving water.

5.2 fertilization

Gladiolus likes fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer can improve the quality of flower formation, potassium fertilizer can improve the hardness of stem. The base fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer, and organic fertilizer 1~2kg is applied per 1m2, and the amount of fertilizer is increased or decreased appropriately according to soil fertility. The early growth of Gladiolus mainly depends on the nutrition provided by the bulb. after emergence, it needs nutrients from the outside world. During the whole growth period, flower bud fertilizer and booting fertilizer were the most important topdressing. The first time is when the plant grows to the stage of 2-3 leaves, which is the period of flower bud differentiation, which will affect the length of the spike and the number of florets. The second time is the fertile fertilizer at 6-7 leaf stage, when fertilization is beneficial to the growth and flowering of flower spike.

5.3 weeding

When weeds grow on the border surface or furrow, they should be uprooted in time, and the weeds should be treated centrally to prevent the weeds from growing in the same place. After flooding irrigation, pulling out weeds can not only clean the border surface, but also achieve the effect of ploughing and loosening the soil, but also reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests, which is beneficial to Gladiolus to better absorb water and conserve soil and water. After ploughing and loosening the soil, we should also pay attention to cultivating the soil to prevent the lodging of gladiolus plants.

5.4 other management measures

If there are conditions, the nylon support net should be hung when the plant height reaches 0.1m to 0.2m, and gradually increases with the plant growth and height to about 0.5m, so as to prevent the plant from tilting and lodging and the spike from bending. After the early blooming flowers have withered, the residual flowers should be removed in time to promote the rest of the buds to continue to bloom and improve the ornamental effect.

5.5 kinds of ball management

Gladiolus planted in the garden generally does not harvest bulbs, for the sake of landscape effect, the ground plants and underground roots should be removed in time after the flower fade has no ornamental value. But sometimes in order to save costs, harvesting bulbs can also be considered in the case of little impact on the landscape. Generally speaking, gladiolus planted in autumn and winter grows new bulbs and then blossoms in cool climates. after blossoming, the nutrition of leaves continues to be transferred to new bulbs and seed bulbs, and better quality bulbs can be obtained. In summer, especially in the high temperature and humidity climate in the south, gladiolus blossoms first and then grows balls. After flowering, the plants often senescence quickly, even get sick and wither, and the new balls will wither and die before they have time to absorb the nutrients transferred from the leaves. Can not harvest good quality bulbs. If you want to collect the ball, it can be carried out about half a month or more after the flower, depending on whether the plant begins to turn yellow and the impact on the landscape. Stop watering 2-3 weeks before harvest to promote the transfer of nutrients in leaves and facilitate the removal of soil from the ball surface. The dug-out balls should be dried quickly and placed in a cool and ventilated place to remove the old roots and stems on the root plate in time. Keep turning during the drying process to pick out the bulbs with disease spots. After drying the bulbs, put them into high-temperature cold storage for use.

(6) Disease and pest control

6.1 Diseases

The common diseases of Gladiolus include Botrytis cinerea (brown rot), dry rot, stem rot, root rot (Fusarium wilt), penicillium, scab and virus.

6.1.1 Gray mold. The disease is caused by the pathogen and can infect leaves, stems, petals and bulbs. The leaves showed yellow to yellowish brown spots at the initial stage, yellow and withered leaves at the later stage, stem rot at the base, waterlogged brown spots on the petals, light brown expansion, and sticky rot when the flowers were cool and wet. The surface of the bulb produces a water-routed round spot, which becomes soft and rotten. Prevention and control methods: before planting, seed balls and soil should be disinfected, ventilation and light should be maintained, density should be reduced appropriately, and topsoil should be kept dry. The early stage of plant infection. The diseased flowers and leaves were removed and destroyed, and the control was carried out alternately with 1000 times of thiophanate methyl or 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder.

6.1.2 dry rot. A vascular bundle disease caused by the half-known fungus Fusarium oxysporum of Gladiolus, which mainly harms the bulb as well as leaves, flowers and roots. It is one of the main diseases in the cultivation of Gladiolus. When the diseased bulbs were planted in the field, the heavy ones could not germinate, or grew delicate seedlings, and died quickly; although the light ones could germinate and grow into normal plants, the parietal leaves turned yellow and gradually withered until the whole plant died. When the disease occurs in the adult stage, the tip of the outer leaf begins to turn yellow and dry, the color of the petals becomes darker, the petals of some varieties become narrower, the edges are slightly curled, the flowers are few, the flowers are small, tilt upward, and cannot fully open, and when the disease is serious, the plant growth stagnates, the underground corms rot, and the whole plant dies. Prevention and cure method: select the disease-free seed ball and plant it on the treated substrate; disinfect the bulb before sowing and soak it in 1% potassium permanganate aqueous solution for 6 hours for 8 hours. Rinse with clean water, dry and plant. At the initial stage of the disease, 50% carbendazim 500-600 times, 75% chlorothalonil 800 times, 70% methyl topiramate 1000-1500 times can be alternately sprayed.

6.1.3 virus disease. Gladiolus virus disease is a worldwide disease, which occurs in all areas where gladiolus is planted. Often cause plant growth disorders, such as stem and leaf atrophy and deformity, leaves produce chlorotic spots or even yellowing, short plants, shorter spikes, fewer flowers, smaller, deformed, affect or lose ornamental value. The diseases that infect Gladiolus virus disease are cucumber mosaic virus, bean yellow mosaic virus, tobacco mosaic virus, tobacco ringspot virus, tomato ringspot virus, tomato black spot virus, tobacco fragility virus, South mustard mosaic virus and so on. Prevention and control methods: select healthy seed balls without virus; strengthen inspection, find diseased plants to be pulled out and destroyed in time; remove weeds near the planting site to reduce the source of infection; spray insecticides to control aphids and eliminate virus carriers.

6.2 insect pests

Common pests include grubs, nocturnal moths, red spiders, flower thrips, shell insects, root mites, root-knot nematodes and so on.

6.2.1 grubs. Grub is the general name of beetle larva, which bites on the root and affects the germination and growth of the bulb, resulting in plant death and lodging. Control methods: keep the planting land clean, ploughing the soil to catch and kill insects; in serious cases, carbofuran mixed with fine soil can be used for control. Or irrigate the soil with 1000 times of phoxim EC.

6.2.2 Noctuidae. The larvae lie dormant during the day and go out at night, eating tender leaves and inflorescences, resulting in incomplete leaves and flower organs, which seriously affect the quality of cut flowers. Control methods: keep the field environment clean and remove withered branches and weeds. When the number of larvae is small, it can be killed artificially at night, and in severe cases, 1000 times of trichlorfon is sprayed, and adults can be trapped and killed by light.

6.2.3 Red Spider. It mainly harms the stems and leaves, absorbs nutrients in the leaves, and makes the leaves show many small gray-white spots, affecting plant photosynthesis. In serious cases, the leaves become yellowish brown and then dry and fall off. Control methods: remove weeds in the field, pay attention to the humidity of the planting environment, and create an environment that is not suitable for red spiders. When the disease occurs, it can be sprayed with 1000 times of triclofenac wettable powder or 1000 times of triclofenac EC. When spraying, we should pay attention to wet the back and crevice of leaves evenly, spray 2 or 3 times continuously at intervals of 5-7 days, and use different pesticides alternately.

6.2.4 thrips. The nymphs and adults suck the sap of the flowers to produce gray spots and spawning marks on the petals, causing the petals to curl seriously. Prevention and control method: can hang blue sticky board to trap and kill. Or spray 2.5% deltamethrin EC 4000 times. Flower thrips are afraid of seeing light, so the liquid should be sprayed to a hiding place.

With regard to the garden application value and cultivation management techniques of Gladiolus, the editor of Huinong Network has summed up this for you today. Please be sure to master the technical level.

How to control diseases and insect pests of Gladiolus

The common diseases of Gladiolus include corm rot, leaf blight, etc.; the common pests are thrips, slugs and so on.

Corm rot is a disease that often occurs during storage. After contracting this disease, the bulb surface will appear yellowish brown slightly sunken disease spot, surrounded by black ulcer, when the air humidity is high, the disease spot expands rapidly, the surface appears turquoise mildew layer, leading to bulb atrophy dry hard. Precautions are to be careful when digging bulbs to avoid bulb trauma. After harvesting the bulbs, it is best to soak them in cold water first, then disinfect them with alcohol and store them dry in the shade, and make the storeroom ventilated and dry, keeping a low temperature of 4-5 degrees.

The disease of leaf blight began from the tip of the lower leaves of Gladiolus, which was faded green macula at first and black-brown mildew layer in the later stage, and the disease was more serious from July to September. The precaution is to peel off the dry scales of the bulbs before planting. The bulbs were soaked in 0.5% permanganic acid for 15 minutes and disinfected. Or in the early stage of plant disease, 1% equal volume Bordeaux solution or 50% Dysen zinc 1000 times solution, sprayed once every 8-10 days.

Thrips, adults and nymphs of this pest generally hide in the axils of the leaves during the day to harm the plants, and climb to the leaves in cloudy days or at night. It mainly eats the leaves, stems and flowers of the plant, changing the color of the leaves, leaving white-gray food marks and spawning marks on the Corolla, causing the petals to curl. It can be sprayed with 2.5% deltamethrin 400 times solution.

Slug, commonly known as slug, is a widely distributed and versatile pest. Its adults and nymphs often eat the buds and leaves of the plant, and often leave silver marks in the crawling places. It can be sprayed with 3% lime water or 100 times ammonia water.