Culture and Management Technology of Zibian Jasper

Purple jade alias pepper grass, from the botanical classification point of view, it belongs to the genus Piperaceae, is a perennial herb species. Native to the West Indies of the Western Hemisphere and northern South America. Born in a warm and humid semi-overcast environment. The most suitable temperature for growth is about 25 ℃, and the lowest can not be lower than 10 ℃. It is not resistant to high temperature, but requires high air humidity, loose, fertile and well-drained soil. Watering and fertilization: purple edge Jasper likes to be moist, growing period from May to September every year, pay attention to more watering, and spray water on the leaves when the weather is hot, in order to maintain a certain air humidity, so as to promote clear leaf patterns and green leaves. It is best to fertilize once a month until overwintering. Requirements for cultivated soil: loose, fertile and well-drained soil can also be mixed with mud fabric, river sand and rotten leaf soil. Temperature control: like warmth, the most suitable temperature for growth is about 25 ℃, and the overwintering temperature had better not be lower than 10 ℃. Lighting requirements: avoid direct sunlight, it is appropriate to grow in the semi-shade. Propagation method: generally use the method of dividing plants and leaf insertion to propagate. Ramet propagation is carried out in spring and autumn every year. It can also be propagated by leaf insertion between May and June every year, using whole-leaf insertion, with petiole about 1 cm, inserting to 3 places of leaf 1pm, matrix using river sand, etc., which is relatively easy to survive and can take root in 15 days. however, attention should be paid to keeping the culture medium moist and a certain degree of environmental humidity.

Peperomia tetraphylla Peperomia tetraphylla Spring purple jasper alias pepper grass, from the botanical classification point of view, it belongs to pepper family pepper genus, perennial herb species. Purple-edged jasper is native to the West Indies of the Western Hemisphere and northern South America, and is naturally fond of warm and humid semi-shady environments. The most suitable temperature for growth is about 25℃, the minimum can not be lower than 10℃, it is not resistant to high temperature, but requires a higher air humidity, like loose fertile, good drainage soil. Purple edge jasper breeding methods and precautions purple edge jasper introduction purple edge jasper alias pepper grass, from the botanical classification point of view, it belongs to the pepper family grass pepper, perennial herb species. Purple-edged jasper is native to the West Indies of the Western Hemisphere and northern South America, and is naturally fond of warm and humid semi-shady environments. The most suitable temperature for growth is about 25℃, the minimum can not be lower than 10℃, it is not resistant to high temperature, but requires a higher air humidity, like loose fertile, good drainage soil. Purple jasper side of the morphological characteristics of purple jasper side for perennial herbs, plant height 15-20 cm. No main stem. Leaves clustered, nearly fleshy, obovate, grayish green mixed with dark green veins. Spikes, grayish white. Cultivated species have variegated leaves with reddish mesophyll; mosaic leaves with green central parts and broad golden margins; bright leaves with cordate, metallic luster. Ruffled leaves, deeply sunken veins, forming a wrinkled leaf surface, very interesting. Purple edge jasper flowers very few, general flowering in May. Purple edge jasper ecological habits purple edge jasper hi warm and humid semi-overcast environment. The growth temperature is about 25℃, the minimum can not be lower than 10℃, not resistant to high temperature, requiring higher air humidity, avoiding direct sunlight; like loose fertile, wet soil with good drainage. Purple edge jasper cultivation technology planting method substrate preparation purple edge jasper with loose, drainage and good ventilation of 5-40mm specifications of imported peat, peat will be broken and mixed with water,(water standard: after mixing with water, hold a handful of peat, water oozes from the fingers) to be planted on the cup. 9cm pots of peat per pot about 200 ml, a pack of 300 liters of imported peat can hold about 1500 cups. On the basin to reuse the old basin, must use potassium permanganate 1000 times solution soaked for more than half an hour, and then rinse with water, dry for use, the new basin can be used directly. Generally, use a smaller flowerpot (9cm plastic pot) to plant first. When planting, first pad appropriate substrate at the bottom of the cup, and then transfer the screened seedlings into the cup. The seedlings can be planted deeper appropriately, with the flat plant base slightly above, 1 group/pot; The substrate is moderately tight, and the cup is filled to 9 minutes. Gently shake the pot soil, and the root water can be poured semi-permeable or surface water. Cultivation and management of purple jasper suitable for high humus culture soil, pot soil can be used 4 peat soil or rotten leaf soil, 2 sawdust, 1 pearlite or river sand, 3 garden soil mixed preparation. During the growing season, sufficient humidity should be ensured in the air. In high temperature season, potted plants should be placed in a ventilated and cool place to avoid direct sunlight. At the same time should also pay attention to more watering, and can spray water to the foliage, keep the foliage green. Douban green has strong drought resistance ability, watering too much easy to rot roots, each watering rather less than more, but always keep the pot soil moist. Winter should be less watering, avoid using too cold water, it is best to make the water temperature and room temperature close. Fertilizer can be applied once every 2 - 3 weeks from May to September. In spring and summer, potted plants should be placed in a semi-shady place. In winter, they can be placed in a sunny place, but they should also avoid continuous direct sunlight. The winter temperature should not be lower than 10℃. In order to keep the leaves green, generally, every 2 to 3 years to change pots or renew once. Plant height of about 10 cm, can be appropriate to pick the heart, promote lateral germination, maintain plant shape plump. Soilless culture purple edge jasper soilless culture substrate can be vermiculite: peat: slag 1:1 or pearlite: peat: river sand 1:1. The nutrient solution can be used for foliage plant nutrient solution or compound flower fertilizer. When putting on the basin, add a layer of pottery gravel or coarse sand to the bottom of the basin first, put the flower seedlings in the center, and then add matrix to the basin until it is full. The nutrient solution should be poured thoroughly for the first time until there is exudate flowing out of the basin bottom tray. In the future, according to the routine rehydration, medium and small basin rehydration once a week, each time 50~100 ml. Daily replenishment keeps the matrix moist, and the pH value can be maintained at about 6.5. During the growth period, it is advisable to spray water on the stems and leaves 1 to 2 times a day to keep the leaves green, especially in the dry climate and summer high temperature season. Douban green is more resistant to shade. It can be placed indoors in bright scattered light all year round. In winter, it can see more sunshine. In winter, we should pay attention to cold and warm, keep the room temperature above 15℃, and reduce the number of rehydration watering to avoid rotten roots and leaves. Purple Jasper is a super good living model in hydroponic culture, each plant has 4-5 leaves, it is very easy to adapt to the water environment, will not rot [1], easy to plant. Like warm and humid semi-shade environment, not resistant to high temperature, avoid direct sunlight; drought resistance, watering should not be too much, especially in autumn and winter to reduce watering. If the air is dry, spray more water on the leaves to avoid frost. Soil culture purple edge jasper cultivation substrate requires good air permeability, good water retention organic substrate, such as peat soil plus pearlite or leech (zhi) stone, the ratio is about 6:1, avoid too much water in the cultivation substrate, generally maintain the cultivation substrate has 40-60% water content. It is usually placed indoors in bright or open shade, with an optimum temperature of 20-26 ° C and a winter temperature of more than 5 ° C. The foliage sprays water frequently to maintain high air humidity. It can also be maintained for a period of time after appropriate pruning or transplantation in the courtyard for viewing. Purple edge jasper breeding method points watering fertilization purple edge jasper hi wet, every year 5-9 months for the growth period, pay attention to more watering, hot weather also spray water on the leaves, in order to maintain a certain air humidity, thus promoting clear leaf patterns and green leaves. It is best to fertilize once a month until winter. Purple jasper likes to be moist, watering more during the growth period from May to September, spraying water or drenching water on the leaves when the weather is hot, so as to maintain a larger air humidity and maintain clear patterns and green leaves. Fertilize once a month until winter. Cultivation soil purple edge jasper requirements loose, fertile, well-drained soil, can also be made of mud fabric, river sand, decayed leaf soil mixed. Temperature control purple jasper hi warm, the most suitable temperature for growth is about 25℃, winter temperature is best not lower than 10℃. Light requirement purple edge jasper avoid direct sunlight, appropriate in half shade place growth. Purple Jasper reproduction methods Purple Jasper generally use sub-plant method and leaf insert reproduction. Plant division propagation in spring and autumn, leaf cutting propagation between May and June, adopting whole leaf cutting, cutting leaves with petioles about 1 cm, inserting to 1/3 of leaves, using river sand as substrate, etc., rooting can be carried out in 15 days under the condition of 20-25℃, paying attention to keeping the substrate moist and certain air humidity, and keeping the culture substrate moist and certain environmental humidity. Purple jasper can also be inserted into leaves, with a knife cut leaves with petioles, slightly dry after oblique insertion in the sand bed, 10-15 days of natural roots. In a temperature-controlled greenhouse, it can be carried out all year round. Rite: mainly used for the reproduction of color-leaf varieties. Pot soil can be used with moldy soil, peat soil and some pearlite or sand, and appropriate amount of base fertilizer added. Growth period every half a month to apply 1 topdressing, watering has been put in the pool 1-2 days of water is good, winter water control. The temperature changes directly affect the color of leaves. The optimum temperature of colored leaves in winter is 18-20℃, and that of green leaves is about 15℃. Summer afraid of heat, can be put under the shade spray cooling, but should be noted that overheating and humidity will cause stems and leaves black rot. In winter, it is placed in a place with sufficient light, and in summer, it is avoided from direct sunlight. Change pots every 2-3 years. Purple jasper disease control purple jasper less diseases and insect pests, soil moisture often occurs leaf spot disease and stem rot disease, occasionally scale insects and slugs harm, to timely control. There are two types of purple edge jasper grass, one is erect, branching from the base of the plant; the other is clustered, that is, root leaves, no obvious base, cluster leaves from the base of the plant, most pepper grass belongs to this category. Common cultivated watermelon peel pepper grass also known as watermelon peel. Originated in Brazil. The plant is 20-30 cm tall. Leaves near basal, obovate; leaves 3-4 cm long, 2-4 cm wide; thick and shiny, semi-leathery; leaf surface green, leaf back red, green leaf surface between the main veins have bright silver-white spots, like watermelon skin stripes, hence the name. Flowers small, white. Ruffled leaf pepper grass is also called four-edged pepper grass. The stem is extremely short and the plant is about 20 cm high. Small clusters. The leaves are heart-shaped and wrinkled, 3-5 cm long and 2-2.5 cm wide; the leaves are dark brownish green with velvety luster, and the back is grayish green. Spike inflorescence, white-green slender. Pepper flower grass also known as flower green watercress, milk pepper grass. Originated in Brazil. For vines. Stems tawny brown, fleshy. Leaves broadly ovate, 5-12 cm long and 3-5 cm wide; green, yellowish spotted. Peperomia clusiaefolia is native to West India. Erect plant type, height 20~30 cm. Slow growth. Leaves long obovate, thickly fleshy stiff, entire or irregularly lobed. The leaves are dark green and glossy, with red edges. Peperomia sandersii is native to Brazil. Cluster type plant, short stem tufted with watermelon peltate leaves. Plant height 20 cm. The leaves are ovate, 3 - 5 cm long and 2 - 4 cm wide. The petiole is reddish brown and 10 - 15 cm long. Veins radiate from center to periphery; 11 main veins, dark green, silver-gray between veins, like watermelon peel. Peperomia obtusifolia is native to Venezuela. Erect plants, ca. 30 cm tall. Leaves simple, alternate, elliptic or obovate. Leaf tip obtuse, leaf base tapering to cuneate. Leaves glossy, thick and stiff, stems and petioles are fleshy round. The leaves are 5~6 cm long and 4~5 cm wide. The petiole is short, only 1 cm, but it takes root easily. Internodes are shorter, and internodes are also easy to root. Peperomia obtusifolia cv. "Green Gold") is similar to a round leaf pepper, but differs in leaf color. Its leaves are dark green, but scattered with irregular light green to milky yellow patches of varying sizes; or yellow-green leaves are scattered with dark green patches or spots with purple edges. Jasper is native to the West Indies, Panama, and northern South America. Purple-edged jasper is generally used as a potted decoration, widely welcomed for its bright luster and natural green. Purple jasper commonly used white plastic basin, white porcelain basin cultivation, placed on the tea table, decorative cabinets, Bo ancient shelf, desk, very beautiful. Or let the branches spread down, hanging in the indoor window or bathroom, but also very fresh and pleasing to the eye. Efficacy: Purify formaldehyde, xylene and second-hand smoke. Purple jasper garden uses: flower border, flower bed, flower belt. Cymbidium, also known as tiger head orchid, himbi orchid and cicada orchid, is a plant belonging to orchid. Cymbidium hybridum leaves long green, flower posture rough, bold and magnificent, is the world famous "orchid star." It has the delicate fragrance of Chinese orchid elegant, also has the colorful orchid, in the international flower market is very popular, deeply loved by flower lovers. Japanese people call it "East Asian Orchid," European and American people also call it "New Beauty Orchid." All in all, cymbidium is very pleasing.

Since the first hybrid was bred in England in 1889, a large number of interspecific and interspecific hybrids were selected in Europe and America in the 1940s. Up to now, there are thousands of cultivated varieties of Cymbidium, which is very popular in domestic and foreign markets and has become a unique show among orchids. Cymbidium is mainly produced in Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia and Taiwan Province of China. The main selling country is Japan. In 1993, 4.1 million pots of Cymbidium were consumed in Japan, with sales of 105 million US dollars. In Europe, it is mainly produced in the Netherlands, with sales of US $80 million. Therefore, Cymbidium still occupies a certain share in the international flower market, and its position is no less than that of other tropical orchids. Although China is the origin of Cymbidium and has quite rich germplasm resources, it is only the original species, lack of improvement, strong wild characters, dark and not bright flowers, sparse and not plump flowers, long and curved flower stems, not straight or drooping, so it is necessary to speed up the improvement in order to develop and utilize them. Since the 1990s, Guangdong, Yunnan and other places have introduced excellent varieties from abroad and carried out small batch production. Because of the high price, they have not been fully promoted at present, but the market is still hot, such as the price is falling. The prospect of Cymbidium is good. Morphological characteristics and varieties: Cymbidium is a perennial epiphytic herb. Pseudobulb ellipsoid, thick. The leaves are wide and long, drooping, light green and glossy. Scape oblique, slightly curved, with 6 flowers and 12 flowers. The flowers are large, light yellowish green and slightly fragrant. Common cultivated varieties include magenta Annabelle, Heathery, scarlet Barcelona, ForestKing, LevisDuke and Vanguard, Carmen, RedBeauty, Cascade, Madrigal, GoldenFleece, Troubadour, Molly and TheBride. Common ornamental species of the same genus are C.dayanum, with white flowers and purple stripes. Magnolia (C.lowlanum) with yellowish green flowers and purplish red lips. Yellow cicada orchid (C. iridioides) with light yellow flowers and yellow lips. C.eburneum, with pure white flowers and purplish red dots on the lips. C.wilsonii having light green flowers and yellow-white lips with reddish-brown stripes and spots. Biological characteristics: Cymbidium is native to southwest China. Often wild in the semi-shady environment of streams and ditches and under the forest. Like warm winters and cool summers. The suitable temperature for growth is 10-25 ℃. The night temperature is about 10 ℃. The leaves are green, the flower buds grow and develop normally, the flower stems elongate normally and blossom from February to March. If the temperature is lower than 5 ℃, the leaf is yellow, the flower bud does not grow, the florescence is postponed to April to May, and the flower stem does not elongate, which affects the flowering quality. If the temperature is about 15 ℃, the flower bud will suddenly elongate and blossom from January to February, and the flower stem is soft and can not stand upright. For example, the night temperature is as high as 20 ℃, the leaves grow luxuriantly, affect the flowering, and the buds will wither and yellow. In short, the bud formation, stem extraction and flowering of the orchid all require a large temperature difference between day and night. Cymbidium has high requirements for water quality, likes slightly acidic water, and is sensitive to calcium and magnesium ions in water. Rain Water watering is the most ideal. Higher air humidity is needed during the growing period. For example, the humidity is too low, the plant growth is poor, the root growth is slow and small, the leaf becomes thick and narrow, and the leaf color is yellow. Generally speaking, Cymbidium is afraid of dry but not wet. Light is an important factor affecting the growth and flowering of Cymbidium. Cymbidium belongs to the light-loving class in Orchidaceae. Sufficient light is beneficial to leaf production, flowering stem and flowering. Too much shade, leaves slender and thin, can not be upright, false bulbs become smaller, easy to get sick, affecting flowering. Shading 50% to 60% in midsummer, and more sunshine in autumn, which is conducive to flower bud formation and differentiation. Rainy and snowy days in winter, such as the increase of auxiliary light, is very beneficial to flowering. Culture methods: ramet, sowing and tissue culture are commonly used. Ramet culture: a short dormant period after the flowering of the plant and before the new buds grow. Make the matrix dry properly before ramet, so that the root of Cymbidium is slightly white and soft, so that it is not easy to break the root. Divide the mother plant into 2-3 tubs of potted plants, grasp the false bulbs during operation, do not hurt the new buds, cut off the yellow leaves and rotten old roots. Sowing and breeding: mainly used for mass culture of native species and hybrid breeding. The seeds are small and easy to germinate under aseptic conditions, and the germination rate is more than 90%. Tissue culture: the buds from the base of the robust mother plant were selected as explants. The bud segments were cut into stem tips of 0.5 mm in diameter and inoculated on the prepared medium. After adding 0.5mg / L 6-benzylaminoadenine to MS medium, protocorms were formed in 52 days. The protocorm was removed from the medium, cut into small pieces and inoculated in MS medium supplemented with 2 mg / L 6-benzylaminoadenine and 0.2mg / L naphthoacetic acid to proliferate the protocorm. The protocorm was continued to be cultured in the proliferation medium, and buds were formed at the top of the protocorm in about 20 days, and the roots were partially rooted in the bud base. After about 90 days, the differentiated plants grew into complete seedlings with 3 or 4 leaves. Cultivation and management: potted Cymbidium is commonly used in 15-20 cm high-tube flowerpots with 2-4 seedlings per pot. Potted substrates are a mixture of fern roots, moss and bark. During the growing period, the compound fertilizer with a concentration of less than 0. 1% and a ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium at 1:1:1 can also be applied once a week. Only by enriching and enlarging the pseudobulbs can flower buds differentiate and bloom more. However, for varieties with strong sprouting ability, in order to control the growth of leaf buds and not consume too much nutrients, buds must be picked to make a pseudobulb grow into a leaf bud. The temperature difference between day and night is large. The growth temperature of Cymbidium is 25: 28 ℃ in daytime and 10: 15 ℃ at night, which is beneficial to flowering bud growth. If the flower bud has been formed and the temperature is as high as 28 ℃, it will wither or drop buds. Like warm climate, the suitable temperature during the growing period is 15-25 ℃. Water thoroughly. Water every 4-5 days. Don't let the flowers get water when watering. In the dry season, spray should be used to cool down and increase humidity. According to the principle of applying light fertilizer frequently, it is most suitable to apply fertilizer in sunny days when the temperature is 15-30 ℃, but not in cloudy and rainy days. Cut off dead and diseased leaves at any time. After the flower buds grow, if there are too many, remove the weak buds and retain the strong buds. Pest control: the main diseases are black spot and wheel spot necrosis, which can be sprayed with 800 times of 70% methyl topiramate wettable powder. Insect pests include shell insects, red spiders and snails that harm new buds and flower stems. Shell insects and red spiders can be sprayed with 1000 times of 80% dichlorvos EC. Some snails spray trichlorfon on platforms and flowerpots or trap them with trichlorfon poison bait. Post-natal treatment: potted Cymbidium plants are big and strong, the flower stems are erect or drooping, and the flowers are graceful, which are suitable for indoor flower racks, balconies and windowsills, showing more elegant and luxurious, with higher taste and charm. Such as 10-20 seedlings potted large potted plants, suitable for hotels, commercial buildings, stations and airport hall layout, extraordinary style, eye-catching.