Master the seed planting method of Cymbidium and teach you how to raise it.

The gentleman orchid has very high requirements for the environment, and does not like the direct sunlight itself, so it must be well controlled in terms of temperature and humidity. Many people like to keep them outdoors when raising orchids, so that the leaves will turn yellow or grow white. The gentleman orchid itself likes the damp and ventilated environment, so when raising the gentleman orchid, it should be put in an indoor ventilated place, do not let the sun expose to the sun.

It is also necessary to control the degree of watering. Gentleman orchids should not be too wet. Although they like the humid environment, it does not mean that they have to water too much. As long as the soil in the flowerpot is kept moist, and it is better to pour some beer to the orchid for about 1-2 months, which is beneficial to the nutrient absorption of the roots.

The temperature that gentleman orchid likes is about 20 degrees, can not be too high or too low, too low temperature will definitely affect the growth and florescence of gentleman orchid. Especially in winter in the north, when it is below zero, the magnolia must be put indoors. If you put it outdoors, there will be no way to survive. Don't let the heat bake when you put it indoors, it will dry if you always bake the leaves.

Another requirement of the gentleman orchid is that the flowerpot should not be too shallow, so that the root can not take root and affect the growth, so it is better to find a deeper flowerpot when choosing the flowerpot. Can send a lot of soil, soil more nutrients, the root of the magnolia is very long to surround in the soil does not affect the normal growth, the bottom with holes in the deep flowerpot is more appropriate.

The flowering period of the orchid is generally around the spring, and after the flowering period is over, the soil can be changed almost to the spring. Only by changing the new soil once a year can it grow normally with sufficient nutrients and produce beautiful flowers. Every time it blossoms, almost a dozen flowers are very beautiful.

Planting technique of Cymbidium

What is the origin and morphological characteristics of Magnolia?

Cymbidium belongs to Amaryllidaceae. For perennial herbaceous flowers, fleshy roots are stout, and the stem is divided into two parts: rhizome and pseudobulb. Leaf sword-shaped, alternate, neatly arranged, 30-50 cm long, Cymes, can bear 10-60 florets, bloom in winter and spring, especially in winter, florets can bloom for 15-20 days, bloom in turn, can last 2-3 months. Each fruit contains at most one seed.

Magnolia is a unique flower native to Africa. It has been introduced into our country for only more than 100 years, but it has been cultivated for only 40 years in folk culture, but it is loved by the majority of flower growers because of its graceful posture and dignified elegance. Its thick and smooth leaves stand upright like a sword, symbolizing the noble character of being strong and resolute and unyielding; its plump flower appearance and bright colors symbolize prosperity, prosperity and happiness, so it is widely cultivated.

The reason why the gentleman orchid is particularly popular is not only because of its bright and delicate flower appearance, but also because it has an incomparable advantage over other flowers: it has both delightful flowers. more worthy of appreciation of the green light, like wax, crystal clear, brilliant leaves. Therefore, many flower connoisseurs believe that even if the magnificent orchid does not have delicate and beautiful flowers, only its leaves carved by Jasper are unmatched by some foliage plants.

There are two kinds of orchids cultivated in our country: Cymbidium (also known as Cymbidium) and Cymbidium (also known as Cymbidium). Cymbidium breeds most in and around Beijing. Its leaves are narrow, dark green, 50-90 cm, Corolla opening is small, many florets in inflorescences are bell-shaped and drooping upside down; Magnolia breeds most in Hebei Province. Its remarkable characteristics are that the leaves are short and wide, the scape is stout and long, the umbrella-shaped Corolla is open and abandoned, the flowers are upward, and the ornamental value is high.

How to water the magnolia

Cymbidium has more developed fleshy roots, and there is a certain amount of water in the roots, so this kind of flower is more drought-tolerant. However, drought-tolerant flowers should not be seriously short of water, especially in the case of high temperature in summer and dry air, do not forget to water in time, otherwise, the roots and leaves of flowers will be damaged, resulting in the germination of new leaves, and the original leaves are estimated to be scorched, not only affect flowering, but even cause plant death. However, too much watering will rot the roots. Therefore, it is necessary to have a good grasp and always pay attention to the dry and wet condition of the basin soil. if it is semi-dry, it should be watered once, but the amount of water should not be much. It is just right to keep the basin soil moist and not damp.

So, how many days should it be watered? Under normal circumstances, it is watered once a day in spring; in summer, the leaf surface and the surrounding ground can be watered with a fine spray kettle, twice a day in sunny days, once every other day in autumn, once every other day in winter, and once a week or less in winter. But it must be noted that this refers to the "general situation". It must be mastered flexibly according to a variety of specific circumstances. For example, it should be watered more on sunny days, less on cloudy days, every few days on consecutive cloudy days, and not on rainy days. When the temperature is high and the air is dry, the flowerpot should be watered several times a day; if the flowerpot is large, it is not easy to dry because of the large amount of water in the soil, so it can be irrigated less; if the flowerpot is small and the water is easy to evaporate, it should be irrigated appropriately. Flowerpots are placed in places with good ventilation and easy evaporation, suitable for more watering, while less watering should be done in places with poor ventilation, slow evaporation and high air humidity. It can be irrigated less at seedling stage and more at flowering stage. In short, it depends on the specific situation, in order to ensure that the basin soil is soft, not too dry, too damp as the principle.

Of course, if there are conditions, magnetized water is the best, followed by Rain Water, snow water or running water in rivers, followed by water in ponds, and the worst is tap water. For flower growers living in big cities, only tap water is available, so you can use a small tank or bucket to put in the tap water and water it again after 2-3 days. This can precipitate some harmful impurities in the water. In addition, the substances contained in the water can be oxidized and purified, and the temperature of the water can be close to the humidity of the basin soil, so that the plant will not be too cold or too hot.

How to fertilize the magnolia

Many flowers like fertilizer, but there should be a limit to fertilizer-loving flowers, too much fertilization will be unfavorable to growth, and even become rotten roots or scorched plants. Magnolia also belongs to this kind of plant and must be fertilized appropriately.

Flowers have different nutrient requirements at different stages of growth and development. Therefore, different fertilization methods suitable for plant needs should be adopted in different periods. Such as applying base fertilizer, topdressing, extra-root fertilization and so on.

(1) apply base fertilizer (or base fertilizer). The aim is to create conditions for plant growth and development to meet its nutrient needs. The application of base fertilizer for Magnolia should be carried out when the basin is changed every two years. Apply barnyard manure (that is, livestock manure), compost, green manure, bean cake fertilizer and so on.

(2) topdressing. Mainly to promote the growth of plants. Gentleman orchid can apply fertilizer such as cake fertilizer, fish meal, bone meal and so on. Apply less at the beginning, and then with the growth of the plant and the increase of leaves, the amount of fertilizer will gradually increase. When applying fertilizer, open the pot soil and apply it to the soil 2-3 cm deep, but be careful that the fertilizer should not be too close to the root system so as not to burn the root system. The application of this kind of solid fertilizer is generally enough once a month and should not be dense again.

(3) topdressing liquid fertilizer. Topdressing liquid fertilizer is that the supernatant of animals and plants that have been soaked and retted is mixed with 30-40 clear water and then poured on the basin soil. Small seedlings should be watered 40 times, medium seedlings 30 times, and large seedlings only 20 times. After pouring fertilizer solution for 1-2 days, we should continue to irrigate clear water (the amount of water should not be too much), so that the fertilizer can seep into the root system of the basin soil and give full play to the fertilizer effect. Do not water 1-2 days before the application of liquid fertilizer, so that the basin soil is relatively dry and then apply liquid fertilizer, which is more effective. Fertilization time is best in the early morning; when pouring, let the fertilizer liquid pour along the edge of the basin, pay attention to avoid applying on the plants and leaves.

In addition, different fertilizers should be applied according to different seasons. For example, in spring and winter, it is appropriate to apply some phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, such as fish meal, bone meal, hemp cake, etc., which is conducive to the formation of leaf veins and improve the glossiness of leaves; while in autumn, it is appropriate to apply some leachate of rotten animal hair, horns, hooves or bean cakes and pour it with 30-40 times fresh water to promote leaf growth.

(4) extra-root topdressing. Using this method of fertilization, mainly to make up for the lack of nutrients in the soil, in order to solve the problem of lack of fertilizer in the plant, so that the seedlings grow fast and the flowers and fruits grow fat. Extra-root fertilization is to spray the fertilizer diluent directly on the leaf surface of the plant and let the nutrient elements infiltrate into the leaf tissue through the leaf epidermis cells and stomata and then transport to the whole body of the plant. The commonly used fertilization varieties are urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium superphosphate and so on. When spraying, spray evenly to both sides of the blade. In the growing season, it is sprayed once every 4-6 days and once every two weeks when it is semi-dormant. Generally, it is sprayed after sunrise, and the plant should be stopped after flowering. It must be noted that this method can only be used when the plant is found to be short of fertilizer. If the plant has sufficient nutrition and exuberant growth, it is not suitable to be used.

How to change pots after the growth of young plants of Cymbidium

Whether it is the seedlings that grow after sowing or those planted by the split method, the pots have to be changed when they grow up to one place. Generally, you have to change the basin for 2 years, and when you grow up, you will have to change the basin in these 2 years.

This is because:

After growing up, the original small pot of ① plant can no longer meet the needs of further extension of its roots.

② the nutrients in the original potted soil have been almost absorbed, and should be replaced with some nutrient-rich new soil to meet the needs of the plant to continue to grow.

③ takes this opportunity to check to see if there are any infected roots, and if so, cut off them in time to avoid spreading the infection. If there are too many fibrous roots, take this opportunity to cut off some of them appropriately.

The time to change the basin is spring (spring is usually before Grain Rain) and autumn, and the most suitable time is when the temperature is about 20 ℃ (note: not in flowering). The new basin for changing the basin should be larger than the original basin, so that the root system of the plant can be further extended, and some perphosphoric acid (or bone powder) and soil should be mixed evenly in the culture soil as base fertilizer. When changing the basin, first insert a knife into the soil along the inner wall of the basin for a week, so that the old basin soil is separated from the basin wall (easy to pour out). Then, with the palm of the right hand facing down, put the fork of the middle finger and ring finger into the root and stem of the plant, open and press the basin soil with five fingers; turn the basin over with the left hand, just hold the pot soil and flower seedlings on the palm of the hand (if the flower pot is heavy, two people are required to cooperate). Then peel off most of the basin soil. Leave a small part of the root soil, spray with water, and immediately plant in a new pot. When planting, the plant should be placed in the middle of the basin, so that the root can stretch freely in the basin, and part of the overlong root can be cut off, leaving part of the plate at the bottom of the basin. Then gradually add the soil and shake the basin body while adding, so that the cultivated soil can enrich the gap between the roots and come into full contact with the roots. Finally, raise the plant by 1-2 cm to straighten the root system, shake the basin, gently press the soil surface, pour water once, and place the basin in the shade.

How to reproduce sexually in Magnolia

Magnolia usually uses only two methods of reproduction: one is sexual reproduction, that is, sowing and reproduction, and the other is ramet reproduction in asexual reproduction. It is common to sow and propagate Magnolia grandiflora. The advantage of the method of reproduction is that it can be propagated in large numbers to meet the needs of people who grow more flowers. However, artificial pollination should be carried out on the front page of sowing and reproduction, and it is best to carry out cross-plant pollination. The seed setting rate of strong plants is high, and robust plants can generally bear ten seeds after different plant reproduction; the same plant pollination can only bear several seeds.

The method of pollination is: 2-3 days after perianth cracking, when the bud matures and the stigma secretes mucus, it is the time for pollination. During pollination, the pollen of stamens is dipped with a new brush and gently falls on the stigma of the pistil. In order to increase the seed setting rate, pollination can be done once between 9 am to 10:00 and 2 pm to 3 pm respectively. It takes about 8-9 months for the seeds to mature. When the pericarp gradually changes from green to black and purple, the ear can be cut off and the seeds will be peeled off after 10-20 days. Before sowing, soak the seeds in warm water of 30-35 ℃ for 20-30 minutes and dry them for 1-2 hours (at this time, it is better to soak them in 10% sodium phosphate solution for 20-30 minutes, and then soak them in clean water for 10-15 hours), then sow into the culture soil. The seeding flowerpot was placed in a room temperature of 20-25 ℃, keeping the humidity at about 90%, and the radicle germinated in about 1-2 weeks.

One of the things to do well in sowing and breeding is to prepare the cultivated soil first. There are many materials available for making culture soil, but one of the more easily obtained is loose soil with sufficient humus taken from the surface of the forest, mixed with clean fine sand soil of 1 stroke 3.

Cymbidium likes slightly acidic soil, and its pH value of 6-6.5is suitable. The time requirement for the propagation of Cymbidium by sowing method is not strict. It can be sown in spring, autumn and winter, but the air temperature is an important condition. It is best to sow under the temperature of 20-25 ℃ to meet the temperature requirements of germination.

How to propagate asexually in Magnolia

The asexual reproduction of flowers has the methods of cutting, ramet, striping, grafting and so on, but the asexual reproduction of Cymbidium is generally only the method of dividing plants, and this method is more common.

To propagate by dividing plants, you must first do some preparatory work:

① family potted plants to prepare flowerpots, flowerpots had better be earthen pots, do not buy porcelain, ceramic pots with beautiful surface, because their poor air permeability is not conducive to plant growth.

② prepares the medium soil, it is best to disinfect it. If humus soil is mixed with fine sand, humus soil should be sprayed with potassium permanganate 1000-2000 times aqueous solution to disinfect; fine river sand should also be washed and disinfected with boiling water to prevent seedlings from being infected and rotted by germs.

③ prepare a little charcoal powder to smear the wound for moisture absorption to prevent decay.

④ sharpens the knife used for cutting, and finally quickly dry grinds (without adding water) dozens of times on the grindstone to make the blade highly hot to kill germs.

When ramet, first bring the mother plant of Magnolia from the basin, get rid of the soil, and find out the buds that can be divided. If the daughter plant is born on the outer edge of the mother plant and the plant is small, you can hold the bulb in one hand and the base of the child plant in the other hand and tear it off; if the daughter plant is strong and not easy to break off, it should be cut off with a prepared sharp knife. Never break it by force, so as not to damage the young plants. After cutting off the offspring, you should immediately smear the wound with dried charcoal powder to absorb the fluid and prevent decay. Next, the seed plant is planted in a pot. When planting, the planting depth is to bury the false bulb at the base of the seed plant, make it slightly higher on the part of the seedling plant, and cover it with sterilized sand. Immediately after planting, pour water once, and then cover with a layer of culture soil when the wound heals 2 weeks later. It usually takes 1-2 months to produce new roots and 1-2 years to blossom. The heredity of the magnolia propagated by the split method is relatively stable and can maintain various characteristics of the original species.

What are the common diseases of Cymbidium and how to prevent them?

There are several common diseases of Cymbidium, including white silk disease, soft rot, anthrax and so on.

(1) White silk disease. When the disease occurs, the stem near the root appears watery brown irregular spot, cortical soft rot, and then white silk mycelium spreads in the rhizosphere soil surface, then becomes small sclerotia in the later stage, and finally becomes rapeseed, which expands to rot and necrosis at the whole base.

Prevention and control methods:

The culture soil should be disinfected before ① is put into pot. A relatively simple method is to put the culture soil at a temperature of 60 ℃ for 24 hours.

② often observed the soil surface and found that the white bacteria line was picked out and burned, and some lime powder was sprinkled around the disease hole to disinfect it.

In the early stage of ③, 50% carbendazim wettable powder was irrigated on and around the base of the plant stem, once a week, 2-3 times.

(2) soft rot. Germs often invade from the wound. When the disease occurs, light yellow watery spots appear on the leaves, and then expand into regular disease spots, so that the leaves become brown soft rot ingredients, and there is an outflow of bacterial fluid from the wound.

Prevention and control methods:

Once the disease is found in ①, the diseased plant should be separated, the culture soil around the plant should be removed, the diseased part should be exposed, the rotten leaves should be broken, the rotten part should be scraped off with a disinfection knife, and the sun should be exposed properly to keep it ventilated and dry.

If there are many rotten plants in ②, all the diseased tissues should be removed, soaked in 5% potassium permanganate solution for 1 hour, rinsed with clean water to dry, smeared plant ash on the cut, planted in a new pot, and placed in a ventilated place with low temperature.

③ drug treatment can be penicillin or streptomycin or oxytetracycline plus 4000 times aqueous solution spray or smear plaque, there is a certain effect.

(3) anthrax. The disease often occurs in the rainy, humid and muggy season, and the site of the disease is mostly at the tip and edge of the leaf. At the initial stage, the leaves appeared moist brown spots, and then expanded into an oval and the same wave of the main disease spot, surrounded by yellow, and gradually shrunk and withered in the later stage. The basin soil is too wet and excessive nitrogen fertilizer is easy to cause the disease.

Prevention and control methods:

① gives flowerpots a well-ventilated and well-lit environment. The pot soil should only be moist and should not be watered too much and too close. Increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and control nitrogen fertilizer.

When ② finds signs of illness, it should immediately use 50% wettable carbendazim powder plus 800 times water to make a solution, or spray with 60% anthrax Fumeijia 1000 times water solution, about 6 days spray once, spray 3-5 times will be effective.

What are the common pests of Cymbidium and how to control them?

The common pest of Cymbidium is shell insect. When insect pests occur, shell insects often gather on the tender shoots of leaves, absorb leaf juice, secrete a large number of bacteria, make stems and leaves become mildew black, cause soot disease, and make leaves wither. This insect has strong fecundity and can occur for many generations a year. A female adult can often reproduce hundreds of them, which can cause death if no timely control measures are taken. Prevention and treatment: prevention should be given priority to. Usually, we should always pay attention to check the plant, find insect pests, control as soon as possible, in order to prevent spread. In addition to the control of shell insects, both artificial and medicine can be used at the same time. If only one or two leaf tips find pests, they can be manually scraped, sharpened with thin sticks or removed with bamboo cuttings. If there are a large number of nymphs, 25% imidophos emulsion can be sprayed without 1000 times liquid, or 40% omethoate emulsion can be sprayed with 1000-1500 times water solution. Generally, it can be killed by spraying 1-2 times.

In addition, it should be noted that earthworms can also become pests of magnolia. In the young period of the orchid plant, its fleshy root is very weak. If there are earthworms in the basin soil, it will often drill everywhere, injuring the tender root, destroying the function of absorbing nutrition, stopping the growth and development of the plant or causing rotten root. The method of prevention and control is to always pay attention to whether there are round soil particles (that is, earthworm excrement) on the surface of the basin soil. If found, you can immediately irrigate it with 50% dichlorvos emulsion and 1500-2000 times water. If there are earthworms drilled after irrigation, remove them immediately; do the same again every other week, and then get rid of the earthworms.

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Introduction of soil cultivation method and Water Culture technique of Magnolia

Magnolia is native to the tropical regions of southern Africa and grows under trees, so it is not only afraid of heat but not cold-resistant, like semi-shady and humid environment, afraid of strong direct sunlight, the best temperature for growth is between 18 and 28 ℃, below 10 ℃, above 30 ℃, and growth is inhibited. Cymbidium likes ventilated environment, likes deep, fertile and loose soil, and is suitable for growing in loose and fertile soil with slightly acidic organic matter. Cymbidium is a famous greenhouse flower and is suitable for indoor culture. the breeding methods of Cymbidium are introduced as follows:

The Propagation method of Cymbidium

The propagation methods of Cymbidium are commonly used in sowing and ramet reproduction.

1. Sowing and breeding method

The method of pollination is as follows: 2-3 days after perianth cracking, when the bud matures and the stigma secretes mucus, it is the time for pollination. During pollination, the pollen of stamens is dipped with a new brush and gently falls on the stigma of the pistil. In order to increase the seed setting rate, the seeds can be pollinated once between 9: 10 a.m. and 2: 3 p.m., and the seeds can mature after about 8 to 9 months. When the pericarp gradually changes from green to black-purple, the ear can be cut off and the seeds will be peeled off after 10-20 days. Before sowing, soak the seeds in warm water of 30: 35 ℃ for 20 / 30 minutes and then dry them for 1 / 2 hours (it is better to soak them in 10% sodium phosphate solution for 20 / 30 minutes and then soak them in clean water for 10 / 15 hours), then sow them into the culture soil. The flowerpot after sowing was placed in an environment with a room temperature of 2025 ℃ and a humidity of about 90%, and the radicle germinated in about 1-2 weeks.

The cultivated soil should be prepared before sowing and breeding. There are many materials available for making culture soil, but one of the more easily obtained is loose soil with sufficient humus taken from the surface of the forest, mixed with clean fine sand soil of 1 stroke 3.

2. Ramet breeding method

The asexual reproduction of flowers has the methods of cutting, ramet, striping, grafting and so on, but the asexual reproduction of Cymbidium is generally only the method of dividing plants, and this method is more common. To propagate by dividing plants, you must first do some preparatory work:

① family potted plants to prepare flowerpots, flowerpots had better be earthen pots, do not buy porcelain, ceramic pots with beautiful surface, because their poor air permeability is not conducive to plant growth.

② prepares the medium soil, it is best to disinfect it. If humus soil is mixed with fine sand, humus soil should be sprayed with potassium permanganate 1000-2000 times aqueous solution to disinfect; fine river sand should also be washed and disinfected with boiling water to prevent seedlings from being infected and rotted by germs.

③ prepare a little charcoal powder to smear the wound for moisture absorption to prevent decay.

④ sharpens the knife used for cutting, and finally quickly dry grinds (without adding water) dozens of times on the grindstone to make the blade highly hot to kill germs.

When the orchid divides, first bring the mother plant of the orchid from the basin, remove the resident soil, and find out the buds that can be divided. If the daughter plant is born on the outer edge of the mother plant and the plant is small, you can hold the bulb in one hand and the base of the child plant in the other hand and tear it off; if the daughter plant is strong and not easy to break off, it should be cut off with a prepared sharp knife. Never break it by force, so as not to damage the young plants. After cutting off the offspring, you should immediately smear the wound with dried charcoal powder to absorb the fluid and prevent decay. Next, the seed plant is planted in a pot. When planting, the planting depth is to bury the false bulb at the base of the seed plant, make it slightly higher on the part of the seedling plant, and cover it with sterilized sand. Immediately after planting, pour water once, and then cover with a layer of culture soil when the wound heals 2 weeks later. It usually takes 1-2 months to grow new roots and blossom for 1-2 years. The heredity of the magnolia propagated by the split method is relatively stable and can maintain various characteristics of the original species.

The culture method of gentleman orchid is divided into soil culture method and water culture method. Let's take a specific look at these two culture methods.

Soil Culture Technology of Cymbidium

The cultivation of Cymbidium is relatively easy, first of all, we should select the basin soil, which can be placed indoors near the window, and master the fertilizer and water according to the temperature characteristics of various places. During the growing period, the basin soil should be kept moist, and the basin soil should be dry during the high temperature and semi-dormant period, and more water should be sprayed on the leaf surface to achieve the purpose of cooling. The gentleman orchid likes fertilizer, and the rotten cake fertilizer is added to the basin soil every 2 to 3 years. Apply 5 to 40 grams of rotten cake fertilizer under the basin soil before the growing period, and apply liquid fertilizer once a year. In the management, the basin should be turned frequently to prevent the blade from deviating to one side, and if there is one side, it should be righted in time. When the temperature is 25 to 30 degrees, it is easy to cause the leaves to grow too long and narrow and affect the ornamental effect, so the cultivation of Cymbidium must pay attention to adjust the room temperature.

1. Soil

Gentleman orchid is suitable to use humus-rich soil, this kind of soil has good air permeability, good water permeability, and the soil is fertile and slightly acidic. General gentleman orchid soil configuration, 6 parts of rotten leaf soil, 2 parts of pine needle, 1 part of river sand or ash, 1 part of base fertilizer (pockmarked, etc.). Rotten leaf soil mainly refers to oak leaves, also known as oak trees. This kind of leaf is thick in texture and is a good humus. Nutritious and permeable. Other leaves are so thin that they are gone after decay and cannot be mixed with other media. The pot used in cultivation increases gradually with the growth of the plant, and the 3-inch pot is suitable for the cultivation of one-year-old seedlings. Change 5-inch pots in the second year, and then change into larger flowerpots every 1-2 years, which can be carried out in spring and autumn.

2. Watering

Cymbidium has a more developed fleshy root, in which there is a certain amount of water, so this kind of flower is more drought-tolerant. However, drought-tolerant flowers should not be seriously short of water, especially in the case of high temperature in summer and dry air, do not forget to water in time, otherwise, the roots and leaves of flowers will be damaged, resulting in the germination of new leaves, and the original leaves are estimated to be scorched, not only affect flowering, but even cause plant death. However, too much watering will rot the roots. Therefore, it is necessary to have a good grasp and always pay attention to the dry and wet condition of the basin soil. if it is semi-dry, it should be watered once, but the amount of water should not be much. It is just right to keep the basin soil moist and not damp.

Of course, if there are conditions, magnetized water is the best, followed by Rain Water, snow water or running water in rivers, followed by water in ponds, and the worst is tap water. For flower growers living in big cities, only tap water is available, so you can use a small tank or bucket to put in the tap water and water it again after 2-3 days. This can precipitate some harmful impurities in the water. In addition, the substances contained in the water can be oxidized and purified, and the temperature of the water can be close to that of the basin soil, so that the plant will not be too cold or too hot.

3. Fertilization

Many flowers like fertilizer, but there should be a limit to fertilizer-loving flowers, too much fertilization will be unfavorable to growth, and even become rotten roots or scorched plants. Magnolia also belongs to this kind of plant and must be fertilized appropriately. Flowers have different nutrient requirements at different stages of growth and development. Therefore, different fertilization methods suitable for plant needs should be adopted in different periods. Such as applying base fertilizer, topdressing, extra-root fertilization and so on.

① applied base fertilizer (or base fertilizer). The aim is to create conditions for plant growth and development to meet its nutrient needs. The application of base fertilizer for Magnolia should be carried out when the basin is changed every two years. Apply barnyard manure (that is, livestock manure), compost, green manure, bean cake fertilizer and so on.

② topdressing. Mainly to promote the growth of plants. Gentleman orchid can apply fertilizer such as cake fertilizer, fish meal, bone meal and so on. Apply less at the beginning, and then with the growth of the plant and the increase of leaves, the amount of fertilizer will gradually increase. When applying fertilizer, open the pot soil and apply it to the soil 2-3 cm deep, but be careful that the fertilizer should not be too close to the root system so as not to burn the root system. The application of this kind of solid fertilizer is generally enough once a month and should not be dense again.

③ topdressing liquid fertilizer. Topdressing liquid fertilizer is that the supernatant of animals and plants that have been soaked and retted is mixed with 30: 40 clear water and then poured on the basin soil. Small seedlings should be watered 40 times, medium seedlings 30 times, and large seedlings only 20 times. After pouring fertilizer solution every 1-2 days, we should continue to irrigate clear water (the amount of water should not be too much), so that the fertilizer can seep into the root system of the basin soil and give full play to the fertilizer effect. Do not water 1-2 days before the application of liquid fertilizer, so that the basin soil is relatively dry and then apply liquid fertilizer, which is more effective. Fertilization time is best in the early morning; when pouring, let the fertilizer liquid pour along the edge of the basin, pay attention to avoid applying on the plants and leaves. In addition, different fertilizers should be applied according to different seasons. For example, in spring and winter, it is appropriate to apply some phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, such as fish meal, bone meal, hemp cake, etc., which is conducive to the formation of veins and improve the glossiness of leaves; while in autumn, it is appropriate to apply some leachate of rotten animal hair, horns, hooves or bean cakes, and then pour it with 30-40 times fresh water to promote leaf growth.

④ topdressing outside the root. Using this method of fertilization, mainly to make up for the lack of nutrients in the soil, in order to solve the problem of lack of fertilizer in the plant, so that the seedlings grow fast and the flowers and fruits grow fat. Extra-root fertilization is to spray the fertilizer diluent directly on the leaf surface of the plant and let the nutrient elements infiltrate into the leaf tissue through the leaf epidermis cells and stomata and then transport to the whole body of the plant. The commonly used fertilization varieties are urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium superphosphate and so on. When spraying, spray evenly to both sides of the blade. In the growing season, it is sprayed once every 4-6 days and once every 2 weeks when it is semi-dormant. Generally, it is sprayed after sunrise, and the plant should be stopped after flowering. It must be noted that this method can only be used when the plant is found to be short of fertilizer. If the plant has sufficient nutrition and exuberant growth, it is not suitable to be used.

4. Summer vacation

At the height of summer, the temperature is often above 30 ℃, which is extremely disadvantageous to the growth of Magnolia. For this reason, it is commonly used to set up a shed to cool down. You can also bury the magnolia in the sand (bury the basin), and then sprinkle water on the sand every morning and evening. In this way, not only the basin soil can be kept moist, but more importantly, the heat absorption effect of water evaporation in the sand can be used to achieve the purpose of cooling.

5. Post-management

The flowering period of Cymbidium is generally from February to April. After flowering, the flowering period can be prolonged by proper cooling, ventilation and reducing light. The length of the flowering period of Cymbidium can be controlled by people's cultivation techniques.

① fertilization: bone meal, fermented fish viscera and bean cake water should be added to make the flowers bright, the flowers larger and the leaves thick. Otherwise, it is easy to appear the phenomenon of small flowers, small number and light color. At the same time, attention should be paid to avoid excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer and insufficient phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, resulting in weak growth or excessive growth of leaves, affecting budding and flowering.

② light: certain light conditions should be given to meet the light requirements of photosynthesis and flowering. In strong light, the florescence is short and the flower color is bright; in low light, the flower color is light. Too long, too strong or long-term shade, lack of light, all affect the production and accumulation of nutrients, so that it can not bud and blossom.

③ temperature: the suitable temperature has obvious influence on the flowering effect. When the temperature is too high, the root hair exists for a very short time, and the function of absorbing water and fertilizer is greatly reduced, which makes the orchid show a semi-dormant state; the temperature below 10 ℃ will also inhibit the growth; the growth period should be controlled at 15: 25 ℃, and the florescence should be at 15: 20 ℃. The root hair exists for a long time, the function of absorbing water and fertilizer is good, the leaves grow short and wide, and the flowers are luxuriant. It should also be noted that Cymbidium should maintain a temperature difference of about 8 ℃ between day and night, because the organic matter it produces at higher temperatures during the day needs to be stored and digested at lower temperatures at night.

④ moisture: Cymbidium can not be short of water during the whole plant growth period, and it needs more water to enter the flowering stage, and the growth humidity is not less than 60%.

Aquaculture technique of Cymbidium

Magnolia can also be cultured in water, so let's take a look at the aquaculture method of magnolia.

1. Container selection

In order to carry out hydroponic culture of Cymbidium, we should first choose a good container. Generally speaking, it is better to use a transparent glass container. If you raise a seedling, you only need a glass can. If you want to plant a lot of water, you can use fine wire to compile a metal mesh with a diameter of one centimeter, and make a glass hydroponic box slightly smaller than the metal mesh, or you can use a goldfish tank instead. Then the metal net was covered on the hydroponic box, and the seedlings of Cymbidium were inserted into the nutrient solution through the mesh, and the depth of the flower root in the culture medium did not exceed the limit of the false bulb of the root.

2. Preparation of nutrient solution

Nutrient solution is divided into inorganic and organic. The inorganic nutrient solution can be prepared according to the following proportion: 1.5g of calcium, 0.01g of ferrous sulfate, 1g of urea, 1g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.5g of magnesium sulfate. After the above five inorganic salts are mixed together, they can be dissolved in 1000 grams of water. The organic culture solution was prepared as follows: fried flax seed flour 100g, bone powder (made of salt-free fresh bone) 100g, bean cake powder 150g, cooked sesame powder 50g, and then dissolved in 1000 grams of water. Compared with the above two kinds of nutrient solution, the composition of organic fertilizer is rich, but the nutrient content is not high, and the composition of inorganic fertilizer is relatively simple, but the fertilizer effect is high and the effect is fast. In order to learn from each other's strong points to offset their weaknesses, the two can be used together. If used alone, inorganic fertilizer is applied once a week, and organic fertilizer is applied once every 5 days.

3. Use water

In hydroponic cultivation, tap water cannot be directly used, but "trapped" water must be used. the so-called "trapped" water is to put tap water in a container and bask in the sun for 3 to 5 days to precipitate chlorides such as bleach that are harmful to the roots of magnolia. The "trapped" water, from the outside, the sediment changes from strips to lumps, and the color of the water is green. After "trapping" good water, the position of the submerged root must not submerge the false bulb. If the water level is too shallow, the magnolia can not get sufficient water supply, and if the water level is too deep (flooding the false bulb), it will cause root fester. In the process of breeding, we should pay more attention to observe the changes of water quality, and find that some roots turn yellow or black, indicating that the water is both anoxic and less fertile, and the water must be changed immediately.

4. Air

Whether we can deal with the ventilation of hydroponic orchid root is the key to the success or failure of hydroponic culture. After a period of culture, there is a layer of moss on the root. When the moss is too thick, it will seriously affect the absorption of the root and corrode the culture medium. At this time, you need to gently brush off the moss layer with a soft and clean brush (you don't have to brush it clean, because a small amount of moss at the root has little effect). In addition, always check whether there is enough oxygen in the water. The method of inspection is to put two or three small fish into the water culture box. If the small fish swim freely in the water, it means that there is no lack of oxygen in the water. If the small fish always float to the surface, their mouths and gills are exposed and sucked, which means there is no oxygen in the water. It is found that after anoxia in the water, oxygen must be replenished. There are two methods: one is to change the water, and the other is to supply oxygen to the water with a small oxygen pump.

5. Sunshine

In the treatment of sunlight, Magnolia is a half-yin and half-yang plant, we should pay attention to the light, especially in summer, to avoid the strong direct sunlight, so that it can receive scattered light. In addition, according to the light characteristics of Cymbidium leaves, we should pay attention to make the leaves receive light evenly, otherwise the leaf length is different, the growth direction will be scattered back and forth, generally every two or three days to adjust the lighting angle.

6. Temperature

In terms of temperature treatment, the ambient temperature of adult Cymbidium should be 11: 25 ℃, and the seedlings can be slightly higher, 20: 35 ℃. The temperature difference between day and night should be mastered in orchid cultivation in water, which should be kept at about 20 ℃ during the day and not less than 15 ℃ at night in winter.