Matters needing attention in culturing pear trees

Pear trees love light very much, and sufficient light is conducive to its photosynthesis and the formation of organic matter, which has a great effect on the growth of all organs of pear trees. If the lack of light will lead to the slow growth of the pear tree, and will make the whole pear tree stunted, but also affect the immunity of the pear tree. The lack of light in the fruiting period of pear trees will also affect the quality of the fruit.

The above is about the pear tree seedling method introduction! Before raising seedlings, the choice of topography is particularly important. Be sure to choose a place with fertile soil and plenty of light for conservation!

Culture methods and matters needing attention of pear pear

Latin name Pyrus calleryana Decne.

Also known as wild pear, Taiwan wild pear, mountain pear, deer pear, thorn pear, bird pear, Yangzhu, red pear, soy sauce pear

The plant kingdom.

Phylum angiosperm

Magnolia class

Subclass Rosa

Mu Qiang Wei Mu

Rosaceae, Pyrus (Pyrus)

Subfamily Malinae

Belong to the genus Pear

English name Callery Pear,Bean Pear

Pear, perennial deciduous fruit tree, tree. Rosaceae pear is a deciduous tree, alias deer pear, tang pear, wild pear, bird pear, etc., originated in East China, South China to Vietnam, there are several varieties. Often wild in warm and humid hillsides, moors, miscellaneous wood forests, can be used as grafting pear rootstock (zhongn) wood. Roots and leaves have medicinal value, can moisten the lungs and relieve cough, clear heat and detoxification, treat acute conjunctivitis; fruit can strengthen the stomach and stop dysentery. Zhejiang Lanxi is called soy sauce pear.

1. Basic characteristics

Structural stem: up to 12 meters high, stem bark gray-brown, with irregular deep cracks, branches glabrous, winter buds with fine hairs.

Leaves: leaves 3-4 gathered at the tip of branchlets, leathery, ovate or elliptic, crenulate or crenulate serrulate margin, 4-8 cm long, apex acuminate, rarely shortly pointed, base broadly cuneate, petiole 2-6 cm long, hairy.

Flowers: ovary inflorescence 6-12 florets, pedicel 1.5-3 cm long, petals 5, white, ovate, base with short stalk, style 2-3; inflorescence and calyx tube glabrous, stamens about 20.

Fruit: pear fruit globose, ca. 1 cm in diameter, brown, with light lenticels, apex without persistent sepals.

Characteristic deciduous trees, up to more than 12 meters high, grayish brown stem bark, irregular parted, branches glabrous, winter buds fine hairs. Leaves broadly ovate to ovate, 4-8 cm long, apex acuminate, rarely short-pointed, base broadly cuneate, obtuse tooth margin, petiole 2-6 cm long, glabrous.

Inflorescences and calyx tube glabrous, flowers white, stamens about 20. Fruit orbicular, ca. 1 cm in diam., brown, with pale lenticels, apex without persistent sepals. Pear fruit is very small, to mature fruit diameter is only about 1 cm, shaped like adzuki beans, hence the name "pear".

2. Distribution of producing areas

Wild in the wilderness, at the foot of the mountain, by the side of the road or by the side of the road. Distributed in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hubei, Jiangxi, Henan, Hebei, Shandong, Shanxi, Gansu, Shaanxi, Liaoning and other places. Often used as a rootstock for pear grafting.

The jungles of Central China, South China and northern Taiwan, distributed from Indochina to Japan.

In the jungles of northern and central Taiwan, which are 500 to 1000 meters above sea level, they are found in the low-altitude mountain areas of Taipei County and Nantou County.

3. Basic characteristics

Morphological characteristics Rosaceae pear is a deciduous tree, alias deer pear, tang pear, wild pear, bird pear, etc., originated in East China, South China to Vietnam, there are several varieties. It is often wild in warm and humid hillsides, moors and miscellaneous trees, and can be used as a rootstock for grafting pears. The height of the plant can reach 5 meters, the tree shape is Obovate, the crown is larger, the crown width is 4 meters-9 meters. Branchlets tomentose when young, glabrescent. Leaf blade broadly ovate or ovate, a few long elliptic-ovate, 4murine 8cm long, 3mur6cm wide, apex acuminate, base broadly cuneate to subrounded, margin obtusely serrate, both surfaces glabrous.

Flowers open before leaves in late April and early May, flowers in umbels, white petals 5, ovate, base shortly clawed, stamens 20, slightly shorter than petals. 12 flowers; peduncle, pedicel glabrous; petiole 1.5-3 cm long; flowers white, 2 Mel 2.5 cm in diam.; calyx tube glabrous, sepals outside glabrous, inside tomentose; styles 2, few 3, glabrous. If it is cultivated in a garden, it can create an artistic conception that is suddenly like a spring breeze blowing overnight, like a thousand trees and ten thousand pears in full bloom.

Pear fruit small, subglobose, 1mi 1.5 cm in diam., brown, spotted, sepals deciduous. The flowering period is April and the fruiting period is August-September.

Ecological characteristics like light, slightly resistant to shade, not resistant to cold, resistant to drought and barren. It is not strict with the soil and can grow in alkaline soil. Deep-rooted sex. Have the ability to resist diseases and insect pests. The growth is slow.

Culture methods and matters needing attention of White Pear

Latin name Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd

Don't call it white pear

The plant kingdom.

Phylum angiosperm

Dicotyledonous class

Mu Qiang Wei Mu

Family Rosaceae

Subfamily Malinae

Belong to the genus Pear

Grow white pear

It is distributed in Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Shandong, Henan and other places.

White pear (Latin name: Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.) Rosaceae, apple subfamily, pear 5-8 m tall trees, crown spreading; biennial branches purple-brown, leaf blade ovate or elliptic-ovate, petiole densely tomentose when young, linear to linear-lanceolate, umbel raceme, fruit yellow, ovate or subglobose with fine spots, seeds brown Obovate. The flowering period is April and the fruiting period is August-September. White pear fruit has waxy luster, thin skin, thick pulp, small core, delicate meat, crisp and juicy, sweet and refreshing, contains a variety of nutrients, with Shengjin, thirst, moistening the lungs, wide intestines, cardiotonic, diuretic and other medical effects.

1. History of Botany

White pear is the most widely cultivated and best quality system in China. In the modern sense, white pear mainly refers to the varieties of crispy flesh and large fruit distributed in the Huang-Huai River Basin of China. Among them, Yali pear and Laiyang Cili are the most famous, which have been introduced to many countries in the world, and are often widely used as experimental materials as representatives of Chinese pears. In China, white pear varieties are generally classified under the scientific name of P.bretschneideri. P.bretschneideri was named by Rehdertn in 1915. It is named after the real tree that Dr. Bretschneideri sent to Arnold Arnold Arboretum from Beijing in 1882, and thinks that P.bretschneideri may be the white pear (pai-li:white pear) mentioned by Dr. Bretschneideri. According to Rehde#n, the fruit of this species is subglobose, sepals deciduous, leaf margin sharply serrate, with spiny hairs. As early as 1933, Mr. Hu Changchi of the Horticulture Department of Nanjing Jinling University wrote an article introducing Laiyang Cili in the Journal of the Japanese Horticultural Society. He pointed out that China's cultivated pears evolved from four species. These four species are Qiuzi pear (P.ussuriensis), white pear (P.bretschneideri), sand pear (P.serotina) and Sichuan pear (P.pashia). As for the ownership of Laiyang Cili, he did not give a clear answer. It is only speculated that Laiyang Cili may have evolved from P.ussuriensis or P.bretschneideri. But in 1937, he explicitly put 43 pear varieties mainly distributed in North China, such as Yali Pear and Laiyang Cili, under the name of P.bretschneideri.

Since then, in the works on the classification of pear trees written by the Chinese, this scientific name has been used to represent the variety of white pear. The main works using the scientific name P.bretschneideri are: the first comprehensive introduction of Chinese pears, Volume 3: pears, written by Pu Fushen and Ren Yulin in 1963, Chinese Fruit Tree Taxonomy by Yu Dejun, and English works by Wang Yulin (Chinese Pears}). When Chinese horticulturists Lee (Li Shuxuan) and Shen (Shen Jun) wrote articles on Proceedings of American Society for Horticultural Science and Hort Science in the United States to introduce Chinese pears, they also used the scientific name P.bretschneideri to summarize white pear varieties. When Chinese researchers introduced Chinese pears in 13 journals, they also used P.bretschneideri to represent white pear varieties. The only exception is the Taxonomy of temperate Fruit trees in China written by Mr. Wu Gengmin. In this book, Mr. Wu uses the scientific name suggested by 13 horticulturists Akihio Kikuchi to put the white pear variety under the name of P.ussuriensisvar.sinensis (Lindley) Kikuchi. The relationship between P.bretschneideri and so-called white pear varieties, that is, the origin of white pear, is very controversial in academic circles. Akihio Kikuchi believes that bretschneiderii (white pear or canned pear) is not a native species, but a hybrid between the main local varieties such as red pear, autumn white pear and honey pear and du pear. Mainly distributed in Changli County, Hebei Province. Fruit oblong, calyx removed, fruit diameter 2.5~3cmm, ventricle 3-4, fruiting pedicel 4.0~4.5cmm, leaf blade ovate or long ovate, acicular serrate, spiny hairs not fully developed. He crossed du pear with large fruit type varieties of Japanese pear or Chinese pear and got offspring whose characters were similar to those of P.bretschneideri (white pear or canned pear). At the same time, he believes that the large fruit varieties such as Yali pear distributed in North China are formed by the evolution of Qiuzi pear as the basic species or one of the basic species. He called these pears Chinese or North China pears and named them Pussuriensisvar.sinensis (Lindley) Kikuchi. His views had a great impact not only on Japanese horticulturists, but also on horticulturists in Europe and America. Most of the authoritative reference books published in Japan, such as the Great Book of Fruit Tree Horticulture published by Yangxian Hall in 1972 and the World Encyclopedia published by the ordinary Society in 1988, use the scientific name suggested by Qiuxiong Kikuchi to represent Chinese white pear varieties.

2. Morphological characteristics.

Trees, to 5-8 m tall, crown spreading; branchlets stout, Terete, puberulent, densely pilose when young, soon deciduous, biennial branches purple-brown, with sparse lenticels; winter buds ovate, apex obtuse or acute, scale margin and apex pilose, dark purple. Leaf blade ovate or elliptic-ovate, 5-11 cm long and 3.5-6 cm wide, apex acuminate sparsely acute, base broadly cuneate, nearly rounded, margin acutely serrated, tooth tip prickly awn, slightly closed inward, purple-red-green when young, tomentose on both sides, soon deciduous, old leaves glabrous; petiole 2.5-7 cm long, densely tomentose when tender, soon deciduous Stipules membranous, linear to linear-lanceolate, apex acuminate, margin with glandular teeth, 1-1.3 cm long, sparse pilose outside, dense inside, caducous. Umbels with 7-10 flowers, 4-7 cm in diameter, total pedicels and pedicels tomentose when young, soon deciduous, pedicels 1.5-3 cm long; bracts membranous, linear, 1-1.5 cm long, apex acuminate, entire, inner surface densely brown tomentose; flowers 2-3.5 cm in diameter; sepals triangular, apex acuminate, margin glandular teeth, outside glabrous, inner surface densely brown tomentose Petals ovate, 1.2-1.4 cm long and 1-1.2 cm wide, apex often rodent, base with short claws; stamens 20, ca. Half of petals; styles 5 or 4, nearly as long as stamens, glabrous. Fruit ovate or subglobose, 2.5-3 cm long, 2-2.5 cm in diam., apex sepals deciduous, base with thick fruiting pedicel, yellow, finely spotted, 4-5-loculed; seeds Obovate, slightly flattened, 6-7 mm long, brown. The flowering period is April and the fruiting period is August-September.