Planting and management of loquat trees: planting method and planting time when to transplant

I. preparation of planting holes for loquat trees

The planting holes of loquat trees are generally prepared two months before planting. According to the planting density, a planting hole of 1m x 1m x 1m is dug, and 50kg of farm manure is applied to each hole (mature soil manure, barnyard manure or crop straw can be used). And mixed with a certain proportion of phosphorus, zinc, magnesium and calcium and other micro-fertilizer. Excessive stickiness of the soil can also be mixed with some sandy soil, or sandy soil can be filled into the bottom of the planting hole to increase soil permeability. In the places where the soil acidity is heavy, lime can be added to improve the soil. Fill the topsoil and plant it.

Second, the planting time of loquat trees

The planting time of loquat seedlings is better in spring and autumn in a year. Autumn planting is the best period, because the climate is warm, the survival rate of seedlings is significantly higher than that of other times, and new roots can be sent out in the spring of the following year. Autumn is planted at the end of the hot weather, before the temperature turns cold, most areas are from September to October, and the warm ground is from October to November. For example, in cold or too arid areas in winter, we can choose to plant spring shoots before germination, and too late planting will affect the emergence of spring shoots. It was colonized from February to March in most areas of East China, Central China and Southwest China, and the temperature in South China was higher, so it could be planted from December to February of the following year.

3. Planting density of loquat trees

The planting density of loquat trees should be selected according to the local planting level, soil fertility, Rain Water distribution, varieties and so on. For example, the soil is shallow and thicker than fertile, the mountain is denser than flat, the crown upright is denser than open, and the tree is weaker than prosperous. The land resource network recommends that the row spacing of loquat trees is 2 m X 3 m or 3 m X 4 m, with 111 or 56 plants per mu respectively.

IV. Configuration of pollination trees for loquat trees

Most loquat varieties can be self-pollinated, but in order to increase the seed setting rate and improve the quality, it is better to be mixed with several varieties. If the fruit setting rate of self-pollination of some varieties such as Huabao 2 and Dahongpao is not high, pollination trees should be allocated reasonably. Pollinated varieties should blossom at the same time as the main varieties, produce a large number of pollen with high germination rate, enter the fruiting stage with the main varieties at the same time, blossom year after year, have the same economic life, have strong pollination affinity and can pollinate each other. It can produce fruits with high economic value, which is similar to the fruit ripening period of the main varieties. The pollination tree of loquat tree is pollinated according to one row of main varieties.

5. Planting methods of loquat trees.

When planting loquat seedlings, the seedlings were placed in the center of the planting hole, and the root system was stretched in the soil of the planting hole, straightening the seedlings by hand, filling fine soil and keeping their feet firm. In the final filling, the seedlings should be gently lifted up, so that the root system and soil close contact and stretch, after filling the soil and then use solid feet. Loquat seedlings should not be cultivated too deep, otherwise it is not conducive to root respiration, and the root neck should be flush with the ground when planting with grafted seedlings. Irrigate the planting water thoroughly, so that the root system is close to the soil. After the planting water dries, then cover the water nest with fine soil, and finally cover the black plastic film under the tree plate, moisturize and keep warm, and improve the survival rate.

VI. Management of loquat trees after planting

Loquat seedlings should be irrigated with enough fixed planting water at one time after planting, and the seedlings with too many leaves should properly cut off some leaves or cut off half of the leaves to prevent excessive evaporation of water so as to improve the survival rate. From the second day after planting, check the leaves every morning for several consecutive days. Where the sagging of the leaves can not be restored, part of the leaves must be cut off immediately to prevent excessive water loss from affecting survival. The amount of pruning depends on the degree of sagging. If the sagging is serious, cut off 2 beat 3, and lightly cut off 1 stroke 2. At the same time, check the roots, if the roots do not touch the soil, should be filled; if the thin roots close to the base fertilizer caused by fertilizer damage, should be planed fertilizer. After planting loquat seedlings until before sprouting, we should not rush to apply fertilizer to prevent root damage. This stage is mainly water management, not too wet and too dry. In the first year after planting, human feces with a concentration of 10% to 30% should be applied 3 times for 4 times, 15 kg of farm manure or rotten pond mud and 0.8 kg of compound fertilizer should be applied to each plant in the second year, and attention should be paid to the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests.