Effective management techniques for promoting the growth of orchards in Sichuan in autumn

After fruit harvest, it does not mean the end of fruit tree management. if there is no reasonable fertilization, pest control and pruning, the result will lead to soil hardening, insufficient fertility and weak tree strength, resulting in insufficient nutritional growth and insufficient storage nutrients. There are no sufficient nutrients for flower bud differentiation and development, and the fruit setting rate is very low or unstable in the coming year, forming a low-quality orchard. Therefore, strengthening management in autumn plays an important role in reducing the occurrence of diseases and insect pests, promoting tree growth, restoring tree potential, improving the quantity and quality of flower buds, and is an important link to ensure high and stable yield in the coming year. In this regard, Chen Dong, an expert from the Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, reminded fruit growers to strengthen orchard management.

Post-harvest pruning

After the fruit trees are harvested, the branches should be straightened out and the light conditions inside the trees should be improved. Because in the crown with poor light conditions, it is difficult to form full flower buds. Therefore, it is necessary to cut off the disease and insect branches, cross branches, overlapping branches, thin and weak branches and long branches in the crown in order to reduce tree consumption and increase photosynthesis and accelerate the formation and development of flower buds.

Clean up the orchard

The key point is to remove fallen leaves, dead branches, diseased fruits and weeds from the orchard, transport them out of the orchard or bury them deeply or burn them centrally.

Fertilizer and water management

Fertilization should be applied as early as possible after harvest, especially for trees with weak tree potential and more fruit in the same year, in order to make up for the lack of nutrients in the tree body. Ditches can be opened to apply organic fertilizer and a small amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Farm manure is the main organic fertilizer, generally, 30-50 kg of farm manure and 0.3-0.5 kg of superphosphate are applied to each fruiting tree at the beginning of 5-6 years, and 70-100 kg of farm manure and 0.5-1.0 kg of calcium superphosphate are applied to each tree at full fruit stage, which are watered immediately after application. In addition, combined with spraying 0.3% Mel 0.5% urea and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2-3 times, this can improve the nutrition level of the tree, keep the tree strong after harvest, and promote flower bud differentiation, so as to ensure the yield in the coming year.

Prevent disease and protect leaves

Focus on the prevention and control of early deciduous diseases, leaf-eating pests, stem borer, red, yellow spiders and other diseases and insect pests. In autumn, fruit trees were sprayed with fungicides and insecticides 1-2 times after fruit harvest, combined with foliar spraying 0.3% Mel 0.5% urea to delay defoliation and promote leaf photosynthesis.

Drainage and waterlogging prevention

Fruit trees are afraid of waterlogging, long-term stagnant water or long-term flooding in orchards will seriously affect the growth and development of fruit trees, and even die, such as peach trees will die after 24 hours of continuous flooding, but also cause a variety of diseases. This year, Sichuan has experienced a drought not seen in decades, and there is likely to be continuous rain around September, so it is necessary to strengthen orchard waterlogging prevention, clean up drains in time and repair the drainage system.

High grafting and replacement

In most parts of Sichuan, the winter climate is mild, so the height of fruit trees can be replaced before and after the National Day. This period of grafting is beneficial to check the survival rate in spring and make up in time. The multiple grafting method is often used in this stage of grafting.