How to plant Jerusalem artichoke

Because of its excellent cold and drought tolerance, Jerusalem artichoke should not be too picky when choosing soil, despite the choice of wasteland and sandy land. The withered stems and leaves of Jerusalem artichoke can also decompose nutrients and improve soil.

After selecting the soil, you can sow seeds with a depth of about 10 centimeters. Weeds should be removed during the period of Jerusalem artichoke seedlings to create an environment for the development of seedlings.

Two fertilizers are generally needed in the whole growing period, and the watering process is divided into four key stages: seedling stage, jointing stage and budding stage.

Stem expansion period, generally not particularly serious drought do not need watering, but sufficient water can increase yield. When the stems and leaves on the ground die naturally in winter, the underground stems can be harvested.

The above is the editor's introduction to the cultivation of Jerusalem artichoke in the north. It is quite easy to grow Jerusalem artichoke in the north, and friends can try it when they have a chance, because the stems and leaves are like chrysanthemums, and growing at home has the effect of a beautiful house.

Planting techniques of Jerusalem artichoke for soil preparation:

Before planting, it is necessary to turn the soil commemorative, which is to balance the nutrition of the land, and the land can be smoothed with a rake.

Sow:

For seed selection, tubers with a mass of more than 30g, disease-free and injury-free should be selected, which can be sown in whole or cut into pieces. If slicing and sowing, it is recommended that the planting row spacing is 50 cm square, hole sowing or trenching should be about 10 cm deep, sow a seed, and then cover the Tuping hole.

Fertilization:

There are two kinds of fertilizers, inorganic fertilizer and organic fertilizer. Inorganic fertilizer applies about 3000-4500 kg of fertilizer, while inorganic fertilizer contains 30-40 kg of diammonium phosphate per mu.

Field management:

The seedlings of Jerusalem artichoke will grow about 30 days after sowing, and weeding in the field needs to be carried out in about two weeks. Herbicide can be used, or weeding can be done manually, and then the first intertillage will be carried out. When the seedlings grow to about 15 cm, the second weeding and intertillage will be carried out. Timely watering, except lateral roots, to prevent top dominance.

Topdressing:

The growth of Jerusalem artichoke needs topdressing twice, the first one is in late May, about 10kg each time. The second time in the early budding stage, apply potassium sulfate 15kg per mu, remember to add water after fertilization.

Watering:

If the flowers turn yellow and wilt, they must be watered, but not too much.

Pest prevention:

Diseases and insect pests are a major problem in planting, and diseases may cause red spot, spot blight, powdery mildew, etc., which can be controlled by 50% carbendazim 800 times solution.

How to plant Jerusalem artichoke

Jerusalem artichoke, also known as foreign ginger and devil ginger, is a perennial herbaceous plant. How is it planted? Today we are going to tell you how to grow Jerusalem artichoke.

Ecological characteristics of Jerusalem artichoke planting

① has strong cold and drought tolerance: most of the desert areas in China are in the alpine zone with cold climate, long freezing period, dry climate and windy sand. However, Jerusalem artichoke has strong cold resistance, which can withstand temperatures of-40 ℃ or even lower. But there is a point that can not be ignored, that is, Jerusalem artichoke tubers must be under the sand, at least covered with 1cm thick sand, must not be exposed to the ground.

Drought and water shortage are normal phenomena in the desert. Even if the drought is very serious, Jerusalem artichoke can ride out the difficulties with its amazing ability to resist drought, and the tubers begin to germinate normally in early spring, using their own nutrients and water for germination and growth. at the same time, a large number of roots were produced and extended to the ground in search of nutrients and water to supply the growth of seedlings. Under the condition that the new root system can supply the seedling growth, the nutrients and water in the tuber can continue to be stored, especially in the rainy season, the tuber and root system will store a large amount of water to gradually supply the leaf stem growth in case of drought. There are similar hairy tissues on the aboveground stems and leaves of Jerusalem artichoke, which can greatly reduce water evaporation. When the drought is serious to a certain extent, the underground stem will take out as much nutrients and water as possible to supply the aboveground stem and leaf to grow. When the tuber nutrition is exhausted, the aboveground stem will die, but the underground stem can still grow new seedlings the following year.

② is resistant to wind and sand: the desert area is windy, dry and has strong fluidity of sandy soil, but Jerusalem artichoke can push out the ground in deeper sandy soil, and Jerusalem artichoke can germinate normally as long as the thickness of sandy soil does not exceed 50cm. In order to avoid sand cover in spring, spring sowing can be carried out later. When Jerusalem artichoke is about to mature or has matured in autumn, relying on their dense aboveground stems to form a low protective belt, coupled with the firm sand-grabbing ability of their roots, as well as the strong pressure on sandy soil with the increase of underground tubers and weight, together play a role in sand fixation. The relevant scientific research institutions have planted more than 400 mu of Jerusalem artichoke on the mobile sand dunes in Horqin Sandy Land for sand control experiments, and the experts are delighted with the results: although there is a special drought, very little rainfall and high temperature in this area during the experiment period, the whole crops are badly harmed, but the Jerusalem artichoke planted in the desert is growing well. Stripping away the sand surface, the root system of Jerusalem artichoke is covered with sand, and the root system of Jerusalem artichoke can be seen with the naked eye at a depth of 1m, and it has begun to bear fruit, achieving the ecological effect of fixing sand, controlling sand and changing the desert. This method of using Jerusalem artichoke to control desert is called by sand control authority as the best method with low cost and quick effect. In addition, the withered stems and leaves of Jerusalem artichoke are decomposed into fertilizer, which plays an important role in improving soil, increasing the content of organic matter and improving the structure of sandy land, and then create favorable conditions for returning sand to field and forest.

③ has strong fecundity: Jerusalem artichoke can control sand once and for all. After sowing once and for all, Jerusalem artichoke in the desert will live forever and expand at an annual growth rate of more than 20 times. Therefore, the area of Jerusalem artichoke in the desert will increase year by year, and at the same time, some tubers can be harvested and used as seeds to further expand the planting area. In addition, some Jerusalem artichoke seeds can be harvested in areas with a long growing period, and the germination rate can reach 100%. Even if the seed of Jerusalem artichoke is not harvested, it will drift with the wind to a suitable corner of the desert where one can settle down.

④ soil and water conservation: the root system of Jerusalem artichoke is particularly well developed, and each Jerusalem artichoke has hundreds of roots up to 0.5 million meters long deeply rooted in the soil. Because Jerusalem artichoke can reproduce and expand at a rate of 20 times a year, it only takes 2 to 3 days to form a protective network woven by the stems and roots of Jerusalem artichoke, thus effectively fastening the soil and water on the surface of the ground.

Planting methods of Jerusalem artichoke

① soil preparation and application of basic fertilizer: soil preparation after autumn harvest, soil miscellaneous manure 5000kg per mu and concentrated ditch application of 5000kg manure per mu, and potassium sulfate 15kg, deep ploughing 30cm, ploughing and leveling the border for sowing after ploughing.

② sowing: after thawing in spring, 20 ~ 25g tuber was selected for sowing, tuber seed 50kg was needed per mu, plant row spacing was 0.5 × 0.5m, sowing depth was 10~20cm, and seedlings emerged about 30 days after sowing. Jerusalem artichoke is sown one year, and there are tubers left in the soil after harvest, but it can no longer be sown the following year, but in order to distribute the plants evenly, the seedlings should be thinned in the places where the plants are too dense, and the places where the plants are missing should be replanted.

Field management of Jerusalem artichoke planting

① ploughing and soil cultivation: weeding should be done in time after spring emergence or rain, and soil cultivation should be combined with intertillage.

② watering: seedling stage, jointing stage, budding stage and tuber expansion stage of Jerusalem artichoke are four key stages of watering. Generally, seedling water can be watered in the middle of April, jointing water in late May, bud water in the middle of August, and tuber swelling water in the middle of October.

③ topdressing: on the basis of sufficient basal fertilizer, Jerusalem artichoke needs to be topdressing twice in the growth period: the first time around the end of May, urea 10kg per mu is applied to promote the seedlings to produce more new branches; the second time, potassium sulfate 15kg is applied per mu at the early budding stage, and then watered.

④ bud picking: in the tuber expansion period, flowers and buds should be picked to promote tuber expansion.

Harvest and storage of Jerusalem artichoke

① harvest is in the period of rapid growth of Jerusalem artichoke tubers after autumn. In early October, the leaves and stems of Jerusalem artichoke are completely frozen to death by frost, and underground tubers can be harvested. Using manual or mechanical methods, Jerusalem artichoke tubers can be removed from the soil.

② if Jerusalem artichoke is used in the second year of winter storage in spring, the tuber of Jerusalem artichoke can be cut off after autumn, but it should be taken out as early as possible in the second spring, otherwise it will germinate quickly (ground temperature 2 ℃ begins to germinate), which will affect the quality of Jerusalem artichoke. Winter storage method: dig a shallow cellar in autumn, put Jerusalem artichoke into, then sprinkle with sand, maintain humidity and adequate ventilation, and then cover with 5cm thick soil, do not let Jerusalem artichoke exposed. When stored in large quantities, straw handles can be used to make several ventilation holes. Jerusalem artichoke begins to hibernate below 0 ℃, and is afraid of heat and cold during winter storage. as long as it is covered with soil,-50 ℃ will not freeze to death, and it can still germinate and grow in the second year. To do a good job of winter storage in accordance with this principle, as long as the temperature is not high, it will not be moldy.