Planting and Distribution of Peanut

Peanut cultivation is distributed in many parts of our country, the province with the largest planting area is in Henan, followed by Shandong, Hebei, Guangdong and other places, peanuts are also widely planted, so in cash crops, the position of peanuts is still quite stable. There are a lot of people growing peanuts.

When will peanuts be planted? Planting time and key points of cultivation and Management of Peanut

Peanut is a kind of nut which is rich in production and widely eaten in China, also known as peanut, evergreen fruit, muddy bean, adzuki bean, etc., is an annual herb of the genus Peanut of Rosaceae, and its producing area is mainly distributed in Brazil, China, Egypt and other places. It is suitable to be planted in sandy soil areas with warm climate and moderate rainfall, and the growing season is longer. Let's take a look at the planting time of peanuts.

Planting time of peanut

The suitable sowing time for spring and autumn double cropping peanut areas in South China is from February to mid-March, the suitable sowing time for spring and summer peanut intercropping areas in the Yangtze River Basin is from March to late April, and the suitable sowing time for large peanut areas and peanut producing areas in the north is from late April to early May. When peanuts are sown, the soil temperature 10 cm deep can be sown when the soil temperature is stable above 15 degrees for 5 days. Remember that do not sow when the temperature is below 11 degrees, so as to prevent the phenomenon of rotten seeds and dead seedlings. Even if peanuts can be unearthed, peanut seedlings are not strong enough to affect yield. Summer peanut planting areas can choose interplanting, sowing in advance to increase yield.

Sowing method of Peanut

1. Sowing method: according to the cultivation method, peanut sowing method is divided into manual sowing and mechanical sowing according to the operation mode.

2. Sowing density: the planting density of peanut is determined by plant height, fruiting range and leaf area, and the suitable planting density depends on climate characteristics, soil fertility, selection of varieties and cultivation conditions.

3. Sowing depth: in general, it is appropriate to sow peanuts at about 5 cm. It is necessary to grasp the principle of "dry is not deep, wet is not shallow" and the soil should be shallow, sandy land or sandy land should be deep. The deepest cultivation in open field should not exceed 7 cm, and the shallowest should not be less than 3 cm.

4. Post-sowing suppression: post-sowing suppression is a successful experience of drought-resistant sowing of peanut to ensure the whole seedling. Suppression can not only reduce soil water evaporation, but also make seeds in close contact with soil, promote the rise of soil moisture and prevent seeds from drying. It is easy for seeds to germinate and emerge.

Planting techniques of Peanut

1. Leveling the land: peanuts are cash crops that blossom on the ground, form fruit needles and drill into the ground to bear fruit. Suitable for planting on loose sandy soil and oil sandy soil. The plots for growing peanuts should be deeply ploughed, and 3040 tons of high-quality farm manure should be applied per hectare combined with ploughing, and suppressed once and twice. Where there are conditions, water can be irrigated first, and then agricultural fertilizer and chemical fertilizer can be mixed into ridges and furrows, ridging and suppression, so as to prepare for sowing at the right time.

2. Cultivated varieties: peanuts should have high yield, and improved varieties are the foundation. Peanut varieties suitable for planting mainly include Fuhua series varieties and Jifu series varieties (commonly known as Sijiehong). The growth period is about 110-120 days. Choose pods with large and full fruit, neat shape and no broken pods as seeds. The seeds should be dried for 1-3 days before shelling, and the seeds with pure color and neat shape should be selected for seed selection after peeling.

3. Scientific fertilization: peanuts are relatively resistant to barren, and fertilization should be based on base fertilizer, 30 tons of farm manure per hectare, phosphate fertilizer and 300 kg 400 jin of diammonium phosphate per hectare. Grow peanuts in barren land and apply 200 kg 300 jin more urea per hectare.

4. Replenishing inter-seedling seedlings: peanuts should investigate the seedling situation as soon as possible from late May to early June, and replenish seedlings as soon as possible in the fields with obvious lack of seedlings. The method of accelerating budding and sitting water seeds can be used to complete the work of interseedling and seedling fixing.

5. Qinggu squatting seedlings: when peanuts come out, dig a circle of soil around the seedlings 2 cm away with a small hand pickaxe, and then gently pick the two cotyledons out of the ground. Qinggu squatting seedlings are usually carried out three days after the first shovel.

6. Shovel in time: shovel the peanut seedlings after they are unearthed, do it three days after the shovel, shovel twice after 15-20 days, pay attention to the cultivation of the soil, do not press the seedlings, shovel three times at the end of the peak flowering period, cross the square ridges when sealing the ridges, and insert them into the soil with fruit needles. at the same time, we should pay attention to pulling weeds.

7. Reasonable topdressing: during the pod-bearing and full-fruiting period, peanuts can be foliar sprayed with fertilizers such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate (0.3%) and plant growth regulators such as Lvfeng 95 to promote grain formation.

8. Suitable harvest: when peanut leaves turn yellow and some stems and leaves wither, they can be harvested, usually in the middle of September. After harvest, it is necessary to dry and rain, promote post-ripening and improve seed maturity. Peanuts should be harvested and dried before frost.

All right, the planting time and planting techniques of peanuts are introduced here. Let's take a look at peanut pest control techniques again.

Stem rot

[symptoms] at seedling stage, the cotyledons were black-brown, dry and rotten, and then spread along the petiole to the base of the stem to form a yellowish-brown water-immersed disease spot, and finally became black-brown rot, and then became dark brown at the base of the stem or main and lateral branches, and then became dark brown. The aboveground wilted and withered. The occurrence of peanut stem rot is serious, the affected area is about 80%, the general incidence rate is 60% 70%, the seriously diseased fungus mass is as high as 80% 90%, and some seriously diseased plants have withered and died.

[control] before sowing, sow seeds with 50% carbendazim wettable powder (0.3-0.5% of the seed amount), or use 50% carbendazim wettable powder 0.5 kg plus water 50 kg 60 kg cold soaked seeds 100 kg, soak seeds for 24 hours, the control effect is significant. In the early stage of the disease, choose 50% carbendazim wettable powder or 65% Dysen zinc wettable powder 500 times 600 times liquid, 70% methyl topiramate wettable powder 800 times liquid spray, spray once every 7 days, 2 times 3 times.

Root rot disease

[symptoms] the disease can occur in the whole growth period of peanut. The susceptible plant is short, the leaves turn yellow, dry and fall off in turn from bottom to top, and the bark of the main root turns black and rotten until the whole plant dies. The disease is mainly spread by Rain Water and in the field. The disease can be easily caused by stagnant water in the field at seedling stage, low ground temperature or sowing too early and too deep.

[prevention and control] ① land preparation and soil improvement, increase application of rotten organic fertilizer, waterlogging and drainage, and strengthen field management. ② was mixed with 50% carbendazim wettable powder according to 0.3% of the seed amount, and the whole field was sprayed with 50% carbendazim 1000 times liquid at the initial stage of the disease.

Leaf spot disease

[symptoms] Brown spot is round, dark brown, large, yellow halo on the outer edge of the spot, gray mildew in the later stage, black spot round, dark brown, no yellow halo around the spot, and the spot is smaller than that of brown spot.

[control] at the initial stage of the disease, when the rate of diseased leaves in the field reaches 10: 15%, the first spraying should be started. 50% carbendazim wettable powder 1500 times, or 50% methyl thiophanate wettable powder 2000 times, or 80% mancozeb zinc 400 times, 75% chlorothalonil wettable stew 600 times 800 times, or Kangkuning 700 times. Or Baume 0.3-0.5 degree stone-sulfur mixture, etc., and then spray every 10-15 days, even 2-3 times, each time 50-75 kg per mu.

Peanut rust

[symptoms] the bottom leaf first began to occur, the leaf produced yellow blister spots, small, surrounded by a very narrow yellow halo, the epidermis cracked and scattered ferruginous powder, and when the leaf was serious, it yellowed and dried up and fell off.

[prevention and control] when the rate of diseased plants in the field reaches 10 / 20%, you can choose 50% colloidal sulfur 150 times, or sodium dichlorothalonil 600% 800 times, or 75% chlorothalonil 800 times, or 1 Bordeaux solution with 2 / 200 (copper sulfate: quicklime: water), or 25% vermicellin wettable powder 3000 / 5000 times, spraying 3 times every 10 days or so for 4 times. Rust sodium should not be used continuously, but should be used alternately with other agents, 60-75 kg per mu each time.

Peanut net spot

[symptoms] the natural disease in the field usually starts from the leaves at the bottom of the plant, and a small brown spot the size of a needle is produced on the front of the primary and right side, which gradually turns into a brown star-awned spot, and then expands into a reticulate, gray-green edge. With the gradual expansion of the disease spot, finally formed round, oval or irregular brown to chestnut brown spots, the edge of the disease spot green light brown, the boundary is not obvious, resulting in premature leaf shedding. The abaxial surface of the leaf was asymptomatic at the initial stage and showed light brown plaques with unclear edges in the later stage.

[control] when the rate of diseased plants in the field reaches more than 5%, the pathogen can choose 700 times solution of Kangkuning, 400 times solution of 80% mancozeb, 200 times liquid of "Nongkang 120" (0.5 kg per mu), 75100kg per mu, spraying once every 10 days and 4 times in succession.

Peanut bacterial wilt

[symptoms] peanuts are generally the most susceptible to the disease at the early flowering stage. At the beginning of the diseased plant, the first and second leaves of the tip of the main stem first lost water and wilted, delayed opening in the morning and closed in the afternoon. After 1 or 2 days, the whole plant or one side of the leaves of the diseased plant withered sharply from top to bottom, the color was dim, and the diseased leaves turned brown and scorched in the later stage. The diseased plant is easy to pull up, and its main root tip, fruit stalk and pod are dark brown and wet rotten, and the root nodule is dark green. The vascular bundle of the longitudinal section of the diseased stem was dark brown, and the white mucus could be seen by slightly extruding under the moisturizing of the cross section.

[prevention and treatment] before sowing, the seeds were soaked in 1000 times 32 g bacterial solution for 8 hours for disinfection and sterilization. At the initial stage of the disease, agricultural streptomycin or neophytomycin was sprayed at the initial stage of the disease, or 1500 to 2000 times agricultural streptomycin or 32% gram bacterial solution was sprayed once every 7 days for 4 times. In addition, Baode biological foliar fertilizer can be sprayed at the early flowering stage to promote the beneficial microbial activity of the root system and also play a certain role in inhibiting the development of bacteria.

Black mildew

[symptoms] Black mildew mainly occurred in the early stage of peanut growth. The pathogen first infected cotyledons to blacken and rot, and then infected the roots and stems of seedlings. When the disease was wet, a lot of mildew covered the base of the stem, and the stems and leaves withered and withered.

[prevention and control] Land preparation and soil improvement, increase the application of rotten organic fertilizer, waterlogging and drainage, and strengthen field management. Mix seeds with 50% carbendazim wettable powder according to 0.3% of the seed amount.

White silk disease

[symptoms] after the peanut root, pod and stem base were infected, they initially showed brown soft rot, white silky hyphae in the aboveground rhizome (so called white silk disease), and rapeseed sclerotia, stems and leaves turned yellow, gradually withered, peanut pods rotted. The pathogen began to germinate under the condition of high temperature and humidity, infecting peanut, sandy soil, continuous cropping, excessive density and poor ventilation, and occurred seriously in overcast and rainy days.

[control] Peanut sowing period applied 1 kg of pentachloronitrobenzene to fine wet soil 20 kg per mu, covered the seeds in the sowing ditch, and paid attention to the use of Shennongdan, line phosphorus and other agents to prevent underground pests. Peanut pods were sprayed with 1000-fold triadimefon EC or 1000-fold triadimefon EC at the initial stage of pod formation, and triadimefon, carbendazim and other agents could also be used to irrigate roots during the disease period, and the prevention effect was very obvious.

Peanut pest control

1. Reasonable rotation: the previous crop of peanut is corn, millet and other gramineous crops to avoid repeated cropping.

2. Deep turning in autumn: deep turning in autumn can turn the pests to the ground, make them die from exposure or be pecked by birds, and reduce the source of insects.

3. Seed coating: seed coating agent is used before sowing, this method can also effectively prevent rodent damage.

4. Soil treatment: during soil preparation before sowing, 3% carbofuran 22.5-30kg per hectare or 3% methyl-mixed phosphorus granules 22.5-30kg per hectare were evenly sprinkled on the field and turned into the soil shallowly, or carbofuran and methamidophos granules were scattered in the sowing ditch to sow seeds, and pesticides can also be mixed into organic fertilizer as base fertilizer.

6. Larval control: in late June and late July, in the peak incubation period and young stage of beetles, phoxim granules of 35kg / ha and 250kg / ha of fine soil were sprinkled on the rhizosphere of peanuts, and shallow hoes were used to dig into the soil. The root can also be irrigated with 1000 times of phoxim or 90% trichlorfon.

Introduction to the price and planting methods of peanut seeds

Peanut is a kind of widely edible nut, also known as peanut, evergreen fruit, muddy bean, etc. it is an annual herb of the genus Peanut of Leguminosae, with rich root nodules and erect or creeping stems. It is widely cultivated in various parts of our country. It is suitable for sandy soil areas with warm climate and moderate rainfall, and the growing season is longer. Let's take a look at the seed price and planting methods of peanuts.

How much is the peanut seed per jin?

The price of peanut seeds is about 810 yuan per jin, but it varies greatly due to the quality, variety, producing area and market of peanut seeds. Peanut cultivation is very common in China, usually one mu of land needs about 20 jin of peanut seeds, one thousand holes per mu, two to three grains per mu, the yield per mu is about 600 jin, and the high-yield field can be close to 800 jin.

What kinds of peanuts do you have?

1. Common type: the pod shell is thick, the vein is smooth, the pod is cocoon-like, there is no keel, and most of the seeds are oval, which is the main cultivated variety in our country.

2. Bee waist type: the pod shell is very thin, the vein is remarkable, there are keels, there are more than three seeds, sometimes there are two grains, and the seed coat is dull and dull.

3. Multi-grain type: there are many seeds in the pod, showing a string of beads, the shell is thick, the vein is smooth, the seed coat is red, sometimes white.

4. Pearl type: the pod shell is thin, the pod is small, generally two seeds, the kernel rate is high, the seeds are full, most of them are pick-shaped, and the seed coat is mostly white.

Sowing method of Peanut

1. Sowing time: the optimum temperature for peanut flowering is 23: 28 ℃, the lowest temperature is 19 ℃, the optimum temperature for pod setting is 25: 30 ℃, and the lowest temperature is 15 ℃. Sowing time should be arranged reasonably according to local air temperature and local sowing habits, and suitable sowing time is beneficial to high yield.

2. Sowing method: the sowing method of peanut is sown in the open field and covered with plastic film according to the cultivation method, and the planting density is determined by plant height, fruiting range and leaf area. planting density depends on climate characteristics, soil fertility, selection of varieties and cultivation conditions.

3. Sowing depth: the sowing depth of peanuts should be about 5 cm. It is necessary to grasp the principles of "dry is not deep, wet is not shallow" and the soil is shallow, sandy land or sandy land should be deep. The deepest cultivation in open field should not exceed 7 cm, and the shallowest should not be less than 3 cm.

4. Post-sowing suppression: peanut post-sowing suppression is an effective way to resist drought and sow peanuts to ensure the whole seedling. Suppression can not only reduce soil water evaporation, but also make seeds in close contact with the soil, promote the rise of soil moisture and prevent drying. It is easy for seedlings to germinate.

Planting methods of Peanut

1. Check seedlings and replenish seedlings: peanut seedlings should be checked in time after emergence, and seedlings should be replenished in time where there is a serious shortage of seedlings, so that the number of seedlings per unit area can reach the planned number, which is generally carried out 3-5 days after emergence.

2. Clear and strong seedlings: when peanut seedlings are ploughed for the first time, peanut seedlings are ploughed with a small hoe to strip the soil around the peanut seedlings, so that two cotyledons and the first pair of lateral branches are exposed to the soil, so that the first pair of lateral branches can develop healthily and make the seedlings grow vigorously.

3. Irrigation and drainage: peanuts are afraid of both drought and waterlogging. The irrigation period is mainly determined by the amount and distribution of precipitation during the peanut growth period, soil water content and the need for soil moisture at each growth stage of peanut.

4. Moderate prevention and control: about 30 days after flowering, in order to prevent the overgrowth of the plant, when the plant grows too much and the field is closed prematurely, the foliar spraying of paclobutrazol can increase the yield by 10%.

5. Disease and pest control: peanuts are susceptible to leaf spot disease and peanut rust. Leaf spot disease uses 75% topiramate 1000 times or 50% carbendazim 800 × 1000 times 70 kg 80 kg per mu, and peanut rust uses 20% trimethoprim EC 30 ml to 40 kg water per mu.