High-yield cultivation techniques of watermelon

What's the best thing about summer? Nothing is better than "blowing the air conditioner under the quilt, watching the movie and eating watermelon". Indeed, watermelon has almost become synonymous with summer, when I think of summer, I will think of summer watermelon, watermelon Shengjin to quench thirst, heat and heat, is one of the fruits at home in summer. For farmers, watermelon is also a good choice to grow, so how to make watermelon high yield? What are the main points of watermelon planting? The following is introduced by the pro-agricultural network: the technical points of high-yield cultivation of watermelon.

The planting process of any agricultural products is inseparable from the five basic processes of selecting land, selecting seeds, sowing, applying water and fertilizer, and harvesting, and watermelons are no exception. The introduction of this article is aimed at the three key periods after the early site selection, seed selection and other work, specifically introduced as follows:

First, timely speed up budding and sowing, conscientiously raise seedlings and transplant

1. Sowing date. Sowing in the open field should be in the middle or late April; if the supply period is postponed, it can be sown in early June; if the seedlings are supplied early by heat preservation, the seeds can be sown at the end of March and the beginning of April.

2. Seed consumption. The seeds of hybrid melons are 1.5 taels per mu, and the seeds of hybrid melons are larger, and the seeds of hybrid melons are 2.5 taels per mu.

3. Soaking seeds to accelerate germination. First soak the seeds in 50Mel 55 ℃ warm water (if there is no thermometer, you can use two portions of boiled water plus one portion of cold water) for 20 minutes, then add a small amount of cold water to reduce the water temperature to about 30 ℃, wait for water to cool and soak for 3 hours, then put the soaked seeds into a small cloth bag, rinse with clean water to dry, mix the same amount of clean wet river sand, spread out about a finger thick with cloth to promote germination. The suitable temperature for watermelon seed germination is 30 ℃ 35 ℃. It can also be put in a 30 min incubator or by the stove to accelerate germination. Generally, all watermelon seeds can germinate after 48 hours.

4. Sow seeds in the open field. When the bud is 1 minute long and 2 minutes long, you can choose to sow 3 seeds in each hole. When sowing, the tip of the bud is down, and the thickness of the covered soil is about 3 centimeters. Immediately after sowing, the root water is pressed. In case of sunny days, water should still be watered once on the 2nd-3rd day. Seedling 2Mel 3 true leaves fixed seedling, will leave two plants to remove a thin seedling, lack of seedlings in time to replenish.

5. Keep warm and raise seedlings. Nutrition bowl plus film mulch seedling, requires fine time, should grasp the following key links. The manufacture of ① nutrition bowl. The bowl can be made of old newspaper or book paper 20 cm long, 13 cm wide, 8 cm high and 10 cm high and 6 cm in diameter. Preparation of ② nutrient soil. The vegetable garden soil that has not been planted with melons in recent years is 70%, the screened coal ash or fire soil ash is 10%, the cooked pig and cow manure is 20%, and the phosphate fertilizer is 0.2%. It is fully mixed, and more than 300 jin per mu is required. After preparation, it is necessary to accumulate and cover airtight reserve. Management and transplanting of seedlings raised with ③ film. After showing true leaves, attention should be paid to seedling bed ventilation, light transmission and regulation of temperature and humidity to prevent the occurrence and harm of quenching disease, anthracnose and blight. When the melon seedlings have two leaves, the weather refining seedlings selected to uncover the film, when the melon seedlings have two or three leaves, and the external temperature is stable at 15 ℃, they can be transplanted to the field in time.

Second, reasonable close planting and good management of fertilizer cultivation.

The main results are as follows: 1. the cultivation density of watermelon varies with variety and soil fat and thin, and it is suitable to plant about 450 plants per mu. For the varieties with medium growth, about 500 plants are suitable. That is, the width of the box is 9 feet, and each row is planted on the side of the box, with the plant distance (pier) 2.6 feet.

2. Ploughing and loosening the soil in order to get rid of weeds, it is generally necessary to ploughing for 3 times. in topdressing, we should grasp the principle of eating less and eating more, light first and then heavy.

3. Fertilizer for raising seedlings: it can be applied when melon seedlings are stable and show true leaves, and it can be applied every 10 to 15 days, each time 15 kilograms per mu (containing 10% rotten mature animal manure, 12 taels of urea and 100 jin of water). On rainy days, it can be applied with 3 kilograms of urea per mu and 3 inches from the roots.

4. Tuanzhu fertilizer: when melon seedlings are applied with 5 meters and 6 leaves, 100 kilograms of rotten cake fertilizer and 10 kilograms of human and animal fertilizer are used per mu, and holes are applied in the direction of one foot of vine extension.

5. Strong fruit fertilizer: when 60 percent of melons are as big as eggs, 100 kilograms of cake fertilizer per mu and 15 kilograms of human and animal fertilizer will be applied.

Head melon fertilizer: when most melon bowls are large, urea 15Mui 20 jin per mu + potash fertilizer 5Mui 8 jin, mixed with water into the vicinity of Guazi.

6. Two-melon fertilizer: when the first batch of melons is picked, in order to grow two or three batches of melons and prevent premature senescence of seedlings, urea can be used for 20 kilograms per mu.

Third, take various measures to improve the rate of fruit setting

1. Pruning and shooting Dictyophora: the pruning methods are single vine type, two vine type and three vine type. Single vine type is to retain the main vine, cut off the side branches on the main vine, this method makes a small number of leaves on a plant, small fruit shape, generally only suitable for high density. The two-vine or three-vine type is to remove the lateral branches from the axils of the 3rd-7th leaf axils at the base of the plant, leaving only two branches with strong growth and suitable direction. Pruning should be carried out in stages, mainly in the early stage of vegetative growth and early fruiting. The first pruning should be carried out when the second to third female flowers of the main vine bloom, and when a number of vigorous lateral branches are formed before and after the node position of the female flowers, the lateral branches should be cut off in time. When the fruit of the main vine is as big as an egg, the pruning should stop. Dictyophora should be carried out from the fruit to the whole field of watermelon before harvest, erase the excess sun, reduce the young leaves and leaflets, retain the big leaves and strong leaves, concentrate nutrients, and promote the development of fruit.

2. Pressing and managing vines: when inverted vines occur when the melon vines are more than 1 foot long, press a piece of soil in the opposite direction of the main vines to make the main vines tilt forward. In order to prevent wind and rain damage, press 5 knots every 4 seconds. The method of vine management: when the main vine extends, straighten and arrange the vine evenly, and then just put the position of the growing point on the line, generally 3muri 4 times, press 3Mel 4 times.

3. Artificial pollination. The method is: the male buds that bloom on the day of picking in the morning are placed in a small pot to let them bloom naturally. When the female flowers bloom, peel off the flower differentiation of the male flowers, and smear the twisted anthers on the honeycomb stigma of the female flowers. Each male flower can be smeared with 1 Mel and 2 male flowers. However, attention should be paid not to touch the ovary so as to avoid damage. Pollination usually takes place before 9: 00 a. M. Under the condition that the growth of plants in the field is consistent, the nodes of female flowers are relatively neat, and the flowers in the first tide are generally separated by 5 murals for 6 days. Therefore, artificial pollination does not need to be carried out every day, as long as the ideal melons are selected and carried out for 2 Mel for 3 days when the flowers are in full bloom.

4. Choose and keep melons. Generally, it is appropriate to choose the melons with 2-3 female flowers on the main vine. In the case of non-pruning, sometimes there will be several melons on one plant, the fruit shape can be significantly reduced, the young fruits with bad shape can be removed, 2 fruits can be left, and nutrients will be concentrated to increase the fruit shape.

5. Use hormone. Spraying the king of protecting flowers and fruits can obviously increase the fruit setting rate, but do not adhere to the young fruit.

Planting watermelon for high yield is always inseparable from the accumulation of practice and experience. the above are the technical points of watermelon high yield sorted out by the pro-farming network combined with the experience of others. Fruit farmers can combine their own experience and local climate environment in specific application. Measures to local conditions, invent their own high-yield technology.