Planting techniques of gynostemma pentaphyllum

Gynostemma pentaphyllum, also known as gynostemma pentaphyllum, pentaphyllum quinquefolium, gynostemma pentaphyllum, etc., is a herbaceous climbing plant of the Cucurbitaceae family, and the folk call it a magical "immortal longevity herb". The country is listed as the first "precious traditional Chinese medicine" to be developed in the "Spark Program". The Ministry of Health also puts it on the list of health products, which is of great cultivation value. Let's take a look at the planting technology of gynostemma pentaphyllum.

Growth habits of gynostemma pentaphyllum

Gynostemma pentaphyllum is distributed in Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian and other places in China, while wild gynostemma pentaphyllum is mainly distributed in Hunan and Shengtang Mountain, Jinxiu County, Guangxi. Wild gynostemma pentaphyllum grows under mountain forests, beside ditches, in shady valleys, in shady environments, with an upper coverage of about 50-80%, ventilated and transparent, and in sandy land, sandy loam or rubble rich in humus loam. Neutral slightly acidic soil or slightly alkaline soil can grow.

Propagation methods of gynostemma pentaphyllum

1. Sowing: gynostemma pentaphyllum was sowed at the end of March and early April of the following year, and the soil was made into a bed after three ploughs and three harrows. After disinfection, the seeds were soaked in warm water for 24 hours to accelerate germination, either by strip sowing or sowing, with a sowing rate of 1.5 kg per mu. After sowing the seeds, sift and cover a layer of fine soil and cover with straw and a shed to shade the sun. spray water once or twice a day for half a month depending on the weather conditions to keep the bed soil moist. When 70% of the seedlings are unearthed, uncover the grass in time, and spray carbendazim or dimethazone to prevent the disease at the seedling stage. When the seedlings grow 2 true leaves, it is necessary to open the shed properly and gradually increase the light. If the seedling is more than 10 cm high, it can take the soil out of the nursery and transplant.

2. Cutting: gynostemma pentaphyllum can use vine or rhizome cuttings to raise seedlings, choose strong disease-free vines, cut into 3-4 nodes, row spacing 7 times 3 cm, shade in shed immediately after cutting, often watered to keep the sowing bed moist. After 40 to 50 days, the seedlings can be transplanted with a height of about centimeters, or they can be directly inserted into the field.

3. Rhizome: gynostemma pentaphyllum rhizome propagation is carried out in February to March in spring or September to October in autumn. The rhizome is dug out and cut into small segments of about 5cm, each section is 1cm and 2 nodes, and then holes are opened according to the row spacing of 30cm X 50cm. Each hole is put into a small section, covered with soil about 3cm, and watered and moisturized in time after planting.

Field management of gynostemma pentaphyllum

1. Intermediate ploughing: before the seedlings are closed, attention should be paid to weeding and weeding, and attention should not be paid to being too close to the signs, so as not to damage the underground tender stems.

2. Topdressing: one week after planting, thin manure should be applied once, and a small amount of urea, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be applied once after each harvest or topping. Winter fertilizer was applied after the last harvest. Stable manure is the main winter fertilizer.

3. Topping: when the main stem grows to 30-40 cm, top on a sunny day to promote branching. Can be carried out twice a year, usually take off the top 3-4 cm.

4. Shading: avoid strong light in the seedling stage, you can plant corn at sowing time or build a 1.5-meter-high frame with bamboo pole, covered with corn, Reed and other shade.

5. Scaffolding: gynostemma pentaphyllum has poor climbing ability and needs manual assistance in the field. Generally, when the stem vine grows to about 50 cm, it is wound around the frame pole and tied with a string if necessary. Scaffolding is an important measure in gynostemma pentaphyllum production.

6. Drainage and irrigation: gynostemma pentaphyllum likes to be wet, so it should be watered frequently and pay attention to drainage in the rainy season to avoid waterlogging.

7. Harvest: when the stem vine is 2 to 3 meters long, choose a sunny day to harvest. When harvesting, you should pay attention to leaving the aboveground stem of the original plant 10 to 15 centimeters, in order to facilitate re-germination. It can be harvested 3-4 times a year in the south, 2 times in the north, and the last one can be harvested uniformly. After harvest, dry in the sun and store in a cool, closed place to maintain the color of the dry product.

8. Seed retention: gynostemma pentaphyllum fruits are mostly found in well-ventilated places, and seeds can be collected when more than 30% of the berries in the inflorescence are blue and black. After harvest, put the ear in a cool and ventilated place to ripen, pick the fruit 1 week later, put it in a bamboo mat or plaque to dry, rub off the shell, and then store it in a cloth bag or paper bag in a ventilated and dry place. When the rhizome propagates, after the aboveground part is harvested in the south, the rhizome can survive the winter naturally in the soil. In the north, if the temperature is low, the surface needs to be covered and protected or stored in cellar.

Control of diseases and insect pests of gynostemma pentaphyllum

1. Powdery mildew

[damage] often occurs in the later stage of growth, causing damage to leaves.

[prevention and control] Clean the countryside and spray with 50% Topurazine wettable powder 500 Mel 800 times.

2. Shatter and fall disease

[harm] it is easy to occur from May to October in rainy season.

[prevention and treatment] 100 times chlorothalonil or 200 times Bordeaux solution can be used to irrigate the disease area, pull out the diseased plants, and then sprinkle lime powder around.

3. Three-star firefly leaf beetle

[harm] it began in late April, with larvae and adults as harmful leaves.

[prevention and control] clean the countryside. At seedling stage, 1500 times of phoxim EC or 1000 times of 90% crystal trichlorfon were sprayed on the ground.

4. Grey snail worm

[harm] it is harmful to leaves, buds and tender stems.

[prevention and control] can be sprinkled with lime water or lime powder.

5. Grub

[harm] mainly copper green golden turtle larvae. The tender stem was bitten off at the seedling stage, and the plant was fed at the root during the growing period, which made the plant yellow and withered in severe cases.

[control] ① uprooting weeds in winter and spring, ploughing the soil, and eliminating overwintering insects. ② applied mature soil fertilizer and covered soil after application to reduce the chance of spawning. During the peak period of adults in ③ from July to August, the adults were trapped and killed by lighting lights at night. ④ is harmful or irrigated with 1500 times of phoxim.

6. Small land tiger

[harm] the larvae bite the plant, resulting in missing plants and broken ridges.

[control] ① eradicates ground weeds, litter and overwintering larvae and pupae in winter and spring. ② hunted and killed artificially. ③ seedling larvae occur or are sprayed or burrowed with 50% phoxim 1000-1500 times solution.