The planting method of basil

Basil is also known as nine-story tower, gold not for exchange, sweet basil, orchid, etc., for lip-shaped basil medicine and food dual-use aromatic plants, taste like fennel, the whole plant is small, green leaves, bright colors, fragrance overflowing, medicine with the functions of soothing wind and qi, dissolving dampness and digestion, promoting blood circulation and detoxification, high cultivation value, let's take a look at basil's planting method!

The growth habit of basil

Basil is native to Africa, America and tropical Asia. China is mainly distributed in *, Jilin, Hebei, Henan, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Taiwan, Guizhou, Yunnan and Sichuan. Like warm and humid climate, not cold-resistant, drought-resistant, not resistant to waterlogging, with good drainage, fertile sandy loam or humus loam is better.

Planting time of basil

From March to April in the south and from late April to May in the north, the sowing should be carried out on a sunny morning. The nutritive soil should be loaded into the sowing plate and watered thoroughly with hot water or warm water. After the water seeps, sprinkle a layer of medicinal soil, sow the sprouted seeds evenly on the plate, cover with 1 cm thick medicinal soil, cover with plastic film, keep warm and moisturizing. Strip sowing open shallow ditch according to row spacing of 35 cm, hole sowing by hole spacing of 25 cm, sprinkle it evenly into ditch or hole, cover a thin layer of soil, and keep the soil moist, with seeds of 0.2 to 0.3 kg per mu. Seedlings can also be used for transplanting. In the north, seedlings can be raised in the sunny beds in March, and the seedlings can be transplanted to the field with soil when the seedlings are 10-15 cm high. Water steadily after transplanting.

Seedling raising technique of basil

1. Site selection and fertilization: basil is a deep-rooted plant, and its roots can be buried into the soil 50 cm to 100 cm, so it is appropriate to choose sandy loam with good drainage and fertile looseness. Apply enough base fertilizer before planting, level off and rake fine, and make a flat or high bed of about 130 centimeters. In our country, because of the short frost-free period, we must raise seedlings in greenhouse or greenhouse in order to harvest seeds in open field. If you only eat tender stems and leaves, the seedlings can also be directly seeded, and the seedling period is generally sown in the middle and last ten days of April.

2. Sowing and raising seedlings: put basil seeds in a gauze bag, shake off the water vigorously, cover them with wet towels or gauze, keep warm and moisturizing, and germinate at a temperature of about 25 ℃. In the process of sprouting, rinse with clean water once a day, control clean, such as a large amount of seeds, turn it once or twice a day to balance the temperature and sprout neatly. The temperature in the early stage of budding can be slightly higher to promote budding. when the bud is about to come out (the seed will open its mouth), the temperature should be reduced by 3-5 ℃ to make the bud stout and neat. After sprouting, if you encounter special weather, you can move the buds to a place of 5: 10 ℃ to control the growth of buds and wait for sowing.

The planting method of basil

1. Ploughing and topdressing: when basil seedlings are 6 cm high and 10 cm high, interseeding and replenishing seedlings are carried out. 2-3 seedlings are left in each hole, and 1 plant is left in strip sowing according to 10 cm. Generally ploughing and weeding twice, the first time in 10-20 days after emergence, shallow hoe topsoil. The second time is from early May to early June, before the seedlings are closed, and after each intertillage, human and animal dung water should be applied. If you are afraid of drought in the seedling stage, you should pay attention to timely watering.

2. Harvest time: basil stems and leaves are harvested from July to August, the whole grass is cut, fine roots and impurities are removed and dried in the sun. When the plant is 20 cm high and the ridge is closed, the unbolted young twigs are harvested at the front end, with a length of 5 cm to 10 cm, once every 7 to 15 days. The essential oil is extracted when the inflorescence is ready.

3. Harvest and processing: when harvesting, basil is cut with a sickle 20 cm above the ground to avoid shaking the root system so as not to affect the ability of regeneration, and then strengthen fertilizer and water management to promote its re-germination of new stems and leaves. Processing should be carried out as soon as possible after harvest to prevent the wound and leaves from turning brown and yellowing, affecting the quality of essential oil.

4. Pest control: basil mainly includes aphids, Japanese beetles, thrips, leaf miners, snails and slugs. Organic cultivation can be used to spray away aphids and to catch Japanese beetles by hand and throw them into soapy water. Slugs and snails can be trapped in small beer containers or tied to copper at 5 cm (10 cm) from the base of the plant, which retreats due to the interaction between copper and slug mucus.

5. disease control: basil is highly infected with fungal wilt in terms of disease, and the pathogen invades from the microtubule bundle of the root, which hinders the growth of the plant and leads to leaf withering. F1 hybrid varieties resistant to fungi can be selected for general field cultivation. In addition, high humidity and poor drainage are also easy to infect fungal leaf spots.