Seed price and planting method of Trichosanthes

Trichosanthes, also known as Trichosanthes, etc., is a perennial climbing herb in the gourd family. Its fruit, pericarp, kernel (seed) and rhizome are all good Chinese herbal medicines with the effect of clearing away phlegm, wide chest and loose knots, moistening and slippery intestines. It is distributed in Liaoning, Shaanxi, Gansu, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan and other places in our country. Let's take a look at the seed price and planting method of Trichosanthes.

How much is the seed of Trichosanthes per jin?

The price of Trichosanthes seeds is about 25-35 yuan per jin, but it varies according to the quality, variety, origin and market of seeds. Trichosanthes can be cultivated between spring and summer, and seeds or roots are often used in production. 6 jin of seeds or 40 jin of roots are used per mu, and the roots are cut into small segments of 9 cm and 10 cm long before planting, and then mixed with plant ash to heal the wound. after the fruit yellowed at the end of autumn, the yield per mu is about 500 jin.

Propagation methods of Trichosanthes kirilowii

1. Seed direct seeding: the ripe fruits with short orange stalks are usually selected from September to October. In the following spring, the seeds are soaked in 40-50 ℃ warm water for 1 day and night to dry, and sprouted with wet sand. The seeds are seeded at a distance of 2 meters, covered with soil 3-4 cm, and seedlings emerge 15-20 days after sowing.

2. Root-splitting propagation: from March to April in the north and from October to December in the south, all the tuber roots and Reed heads were dug out, and the disease-free and fresh species were selected and divided into small segments of 7cm to 10cm. The male and female plants were matched, and the seedlings were planted in holes according to the row distance of 2 × 0.3 meters, and the seedlings could emerge in about one month.

3. Striping propagation: Trichosanthes striping propagation is generally carried out in summer and autumn, pulling the sturdy stem vine to the ground, pressing the soil at the base of the leaf, waiting for the root to grow, cutting the stem, growing a new stem, becoming a new plant, and transplanting in the following year.

Planting method of Trichosanthes kirilowii

1. Deep turning of the soil: the root of Trichosanthes can go deep into the ground for 1 to 1.5 meters, so the planting land needs to be turned over deeply, often digging a trench with a depth of 0.5 meters and a width of 30 centimeters every 1.7 meters before freezing, so that the soil can be fully weathered and loosened and eliminate diseases and insect pests.

2. Soil preparation and fertilization: before the Qingming Festival in the second year, the cultivated land of Trichosanthes was filled with 5000 kg of mixed fertilizer per mu of soil, then poured through with water from the ditch, and then leveled the ditch after 2-3 days and hoed once to make the soil loose and suitable for dry and wet.

3. Loosen the soil at the right time: about half a month after Trichosanthes planting, open the soil pile and check it. If the seed root has sprouted and the soil is not dry, the soil pile can be leveled to facilitate the unearthed seedlings. If it rains heavily before emergence and the land is slightly dry after the rain, the soil should be gently loosened, but not too deep.

4. Drainage irrigation: after planting, if the soil is dry, one side of Trichosanthes can be ditched and watered at a distance of 9cm to 12cm from the root. After each fertilization, a ridge is made at a distance of 30cm from the plant, and water is irrigated. Attention should be paid to water irrigation throughout the growing period.

5. Remove the vine and set up the frame: remove the excess stem vine when the stem is about 30 cm long, leaving only 2-3 thick and strong vines each, usually a frame between 2-3 rows. When building a frame, it can be 1.5 meters long. One root was buried every 2-2.4, and 3 rows were buried, that is, one row of Trichosanthes column was formed.

6. introduce seedlings to the shelf: when the stem of Trichosanthes is about 30 cm long, insert a sorghum straw next to each melon in order to guide the stem vine to climb onto the shelf, each tree selects 2 or 3 strong stems to extend to the middle, and the excessive branches and axillary buds on the top of the shelf should be picked in time.

7. Timely topdressing: if the basal fertilizer is insufficient in the first year after planting, you can top fertilizer once in June, and twice a year from the second year. The first time when the seedling height was about 34 cm, the second time was in the middle of June (between flowering), all were dominated by organic fertilizer.

8. Artificial pollination: properly plant some male Trichosanthes between rows or shelves, dip the pollen grains of male flowers with a new brush or cotton at 8: 9 o'clock in the morning during flowering, and then come into contact with the stigma of female flowers. One male flower can be used for pollination of 10-15 female flowers.

9. Timely harvest: Trichosanthes began to bear fruit 2 ~ 3 years after planting. When the fruit was still green from "the Autumn Equinox" to "Frosts Descent", the seeds were ready and could be picked in batches. If it was too late to pick, the wilted seedlings could be cut off from the roots to make Trichosanthes hang on the shelf for a period of time.

Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests of Trichosanthes

1. Anthrax

[harm] generally occurs in seedling stage and adult stage, which mainly harms leaves and fruits. When the disease is serious, the whole fruit is wrinkled and rotten, which seriously affects the yield of Trichosanthes.

[prevention and treatment] spray control with 86.2% copper master 1000kg 1400 times, or carbendazim wettable powder 800 times, or 25% chlorothalonil 600 times, or 10% Shigao dispersant 6000 × 7000x, spray once every other week, rotate the drug varieties, spray 2 times in a row for 3 times.

2. Vine blight

[harm] stems, leaves, melons and tendrils and other aboveground damage, no harm to the roots. The stem is mostly susceptible to disease at the base and nodes of the stem, and the disease part is oval in oil, and then turns white, glue-flowing, and dense with small black spots.

[prevention and control] the key control in the seedling stage can be sprayed at the base of the stem with 40% DuPont Fuxing EC 800 times, or 5% chloramphenicol 300 times 500 times solution irrigated root or whole field spray, once every 4-5 days, depending on the disease later.

3. Melon fruit fly

[harm] June to September is the peak period of damage, laying eggs in the young pericarp, hatching, eating melons and fruits, damaging melon peel tissue, affecting seed embryo development, making melon seeds unfruitful, increasing shrunken seeds, and decreasing melon seed yield.

[prevention and control] after the fruit setting is stable at the end of June and the beginning of July, it can be controlled with 48% Lexi EC 2000 times, or with 2.5% diazepam EC 2000 times or 80% dichlorvos EC 1000 times.

4. Melon silk borer

[harm] the young larvae feed on the back of the leaves of melons, and after the 3rd instar, they spin silk to hide the leaves or tender shoots, so that the leaves are perforated or notched, leaving only veins until they are damaged by fruits and stems, which seriously affects the yield and quality of melons and fruits.

[prevention and control] the best time for prevention and control is in the evening after sunset, 20% Lujia 1000-1500 times liquid, or 5% mei except 1500 times liquid, or Lesbon 2000 times solution can be sprayed evenly. Different agents are used alternately to improve the control effect.

5. Huang Shougua

[harm] similar to fireflies, also known as yellow fireflies, they begin to lay eggs in early May, mainly to damage leaves.

[control] artificial shock trapping can be used to spray 80% dichlorvos EC, or 40% dimethoate 1000 times, or 50% phoxim EC 500 times in the early stage of flowering.

6. Aphids

[harm] the adults prick the juice on the leaves, buds and stems, which can make the leaves curl and shrink, and cause virus.

[prevention and treatment] 2.5% cypermethrin 3000 times or 40% dimethoate 1000 times can be sprayed.

7. Spodoptera litura

[harm] the larvae feed on the stem vine and enter into the interior from the epidermis, and the stem is stimulated to expand the adult gall. When it is serious, the whole plant dies.

[prevention and control] it can be controlled by 1000 times of 80% dichlorvos EC.