Where is the origin of buckwheat?

Buckwheat originated in China, with a long history of cultivation and rich planting experience. the earliest buckwheat was unearthed in the No. 4 Han Tomb in Yangjiawan, Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, more than 2000 years ago. In addition, Maquan in Xianyang, Shaanxi Province and Wuwei Mozuizi in Gansu Province also unearthed objects from the pre-Han Dynasty and the later Han Dynasty, respectively. let's take a look at the origin of buckwheat.

Where is the origin of buckwheat?

1. The origin of China: buckwheat is widely distributed in China, ranging from Hainan Province to the south, Heilongjiang to the north, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to the west, and Taiwan to the east. The main producing areas are in the northwest, northeast, North China and southwest alpine mountains, mainly in the north, scattered and scattered. The sown area varies greatly according to the annual climate. In particular, buckwheat in Inner Mongolia is the most famous. Kulun Banner in Inner Mongolia Autonomous region is known as "the hometown of buckwheat in China".

2. World origin: buckwheat is one of the main food crops in Ukraine, Belarus and Poland. France, Canada and the United States are also important producers. According to statistics in 1975, the planting area in the world was 1.616 million hectares, including 1.5 million hectares in the Soviet Union, 35000 hectares in Poland, 22000 hectares in Japan, 19000 hectares in Canada, 13000 hectares in the United States and 10, 000 hectares in France. The average yield is about 400 kg / ha.

Cultivated varieties of buckwheat

1. Buckwheat: sweet buckwheat, also known as common buckwheat, aseptic root, slender stem, often angled, reddish color, large achene, triangular shape, smooth surface and edge, good quality, is one of the most cultivated in China.

2. Tartary buckwheat: Tartary buckwheat, also known as Tartar buckwheat, has mycorrhiza, the stem is often smooth green, achene is small, trigonous, the edge is not obvious, some are wavy, the surface is rough, more cultivated in southwest China.

3. Wing buckwheat: wing buckwheat, also known as winged buckwheat, light red stem, large leaves, mostly self-pollination, achene thin and winglike, poor quality, a small amount of cultivation in the north and southwest of China.

4. Rice buckwheat: Rice buckwheat is distributed in almost all the main producing areas of buckwheat in China. Achene is like sweet buckwheat, full and ready to crack between the two edges, but smooth without deep concave lines, blunt edges and wrinkles, so named because the seed coat is easy to burst.

Growth habits of buckwheat

1. Temperature: buckwheat likes cool and humid, can not bear high temperature and dry wind, and is afraid of frost. the accumulated temperature of 1000 ~ 1500 ℃ can meet its heat requirement. The seeds can germinate in about 4-5 days when the soil temperature is above 16 ℃, and the optimum temperature for flowering and fruiting is 26-30 ℃. The flower dies when the air temperature is-1 ℃, and the leaf or even the whole plant dies when the temperature is-2 ℃.

2. Rizhao: buckwheat is a short-day crop. When the sunshine length is reduced from 15-16 hours to 12-14 hours, the growth period is shortened, and late-maturing varieties are more sensitive than middle-maturing and early-maturing varieties. Each plant can blossom more than 2000, but the seed setting rate is very low. Only about 10%, coupled with the weak assimilation ability of leaves, serious shedding of flowers and fruits.

3. Moisture: buckwheat is a crop that needs more water. When seeds germinate, they need to absorb about 50% of their own dry weight, and they need to consume a lot of water during flowering and fruiting. The peak period of water demand is in the peak flowering period. Its transpiration coefficient is generally 450-630, which requires that the air relative humidity should not be less than 30-40%.

4. Soil: buckwheat is not strict on soil. The weak root system and poor soil force at the top of the seed require loose soil to facilitate the emergence of seedlings and promote the development of root system. It has rapid reproductive growth and strong fertilizer absorption, so it is suitable for planting in newly reclaimed land. The acidity of soil is required to be pH6~7, and the soil with heavy alkalinity is not suitable to be planted.

5. Fertilizer: buckwheat is a kind of crop sensitive to fertilizer. Sufficient fertilization can produce a large number of branches. Phosphate fertilizer can promote grain formation and increase the secretion of nectaries. Use bees to assist in pollination so as to increase yield. There is a large demand for potash fertilizer, but potassium salt containing chlorine is easy to cause leaf spot disease.