Cultivation techniques of Peanut covered with plastic Film

Peanut is an important cash crop in China. Of all the oil crops, peanut has the highest oil yield, as high as 45%, 50%, nearly twice as high as soybean. As the largest consumer of peanut oil in the world, the demand for peanuts is self-evident, so how should peanuts be planted? What is the cultivation technique of plastic film mulching of peanuts? Today, the pro-agricultural network will introduce to you how to grow peanuts.

If you want to plant a high yield of peanuts, every step from seed selection to harvest is very important. Here, the pro-agriculture network introduces six planting skills from seed selection to soil selection, soil preparation, fertilization, sowing and daily management, as well as the problems that should be paid attention to when using plastic film mulching. I hope it can bring some help to farmers.

I. Variety selection

According to the standard, the high and stable yield varieties with high yield potential, strong resistance and no premature senescence should be selected with growth period of 120-130d, active accumulated temperature of about 2500 ℃, and white grain type.

2. Land selection and stubble change

The site selection of peanut planting is very important. Sandy loam or loam with deep soil layer, good drainage and irrigation, high soil fertility and good performance of water and fertilizer conservation should be selected. If you change stubble, stubble peanut production, especially plastic film peanut, should choose stubble mouth, corn, millet, Gramineae is the best, other potato, watermelon stubble and so on. If the crop is repeated, organic fertilizer or biological fertilizer should be applied.

III. Land preparation

Fine soil preparation is the basis of high and stable yield of plastic film mulching cultivation. It is related to the quality of the film. Choose the stubble land with loose texture, high fertility and convenient transportation, and it is best to carry out autumn ploughing in time after the previous crop harvest, with a depth of 20-23 cm, mature ploughing layer, shallow ploughing in early spring, and rake to preserve soil moisture in time after ploughing, so as to achieve fine soil fragmentation without pulling. The ground is flat and without stubble.

IV. Fertilization

1. Fertilizer selection

Farm manure and chemical fertilizer are important measures to ensure a substantial increase in peanut yield under plastic film mulching cultivation. Plastic film cultivation improves the soil ecological environment, promotes the growth and development of peanuts, and increases the demand for nutrient elements. If fertilization is insufficient, especially low fertility soil, it will greatly reduce the effect of plastic film mulching. Even if plastic film mulching peanut increases some yield, it often results in soil nutrient deficit, which is not conducive to land use.

two。 Fertilizer quantity

Agricultural fertilizer is generally 30-35 cubic meters per hectare, there is no farm manure to change stubble. Combine with soil preparation and apply base fertilizer. Chemical fertilizer 45% peanut special fertilizer 450-600 kg, preferably mixed with biological fertilizer. Such as 301 ecological fertilizer, practice has proved that the effect of mixed chemical fertilizer is very good, if you mix the elemental chemical fertilizer, urea 100-135 kg, diammonium 150-200 kg, potash 80-150 kg.

3. Fertilization method

Peanuts have the characteristics of absorbing fertilizer. According to the characteristics of fertilizer absorption and fertilizer properties of peanuts, the base fertilizer must be applied deeply. Peanuts are straight roots, and most of the roots are concentrated in the plough layer of 10-30 ℃ m, which should be deeply applied and evenly applied. The absorption peaks of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium appear in front of the flower needle, accounting for 28%, 35% and 47% of the total absorption during the whole growth period, respectively, and then gradually decrease, combined with one-time application of sufficient bottom fertilizer. It is best to apply it in two stages, 2 beat 3 fertilizer combined with soil preparation in early spring, and 1 big 3 fertilizer should be applied below 10 cm plough layer when ridging.

5. Sowing seeds

1. Pre-broadcast preparation

Choose peanuts with strong germination potential as seeds, dry the fruit before sowing to break dormancy, promote post-ripening, and improve seed vigor. After shelling, the seeds were selected by classification, and the first and second grade rice were selected as seeds. 2. Seed treatment refers to seed soaking and chemical dressing, but seed soaking and germination is not recommended in Northeast China, and peanut husk is easy to fall off after treatment. It is best to use peanut special seed coating agent to control underground pests and seedling blight, such as Fangzhiling No. 3 seed flower agent produced by Benxi Zhuangmiao Company, which has a better application effect on peanut.

two。 Sowing at the right time

Sowing time, it is very important to grasp the sowing date. According to many years' experience, we sow peanuts in the open field in Fuyu from May 15 to 25, and plastic film peanuts can be sowed on May 10-15, which should be determined according to the meteorological conditions at that time. Within 5 days, the daily average soil temperature of 5-10 cm plough layer can be sown steadily through 12 ℃. Plastic film peanut can increase the ground temperature, but earlier. To ensure the sowing quality, generally use the film mulching machine in the case of good soil moisture while sowing, while mulching, while spraying herbicides, one-time operation. Two natural ridges can be covered with film together, or they can be raked flat after sowing, sprayed with herbicides, and covered with artificial film, with two seeds per hole according to the density requirements. Sowing evenly, plastic film close to the ridge surface. Throw two shovels of soil at an interval of about 2-3 meters to prevent the wind from lifting the film.

3. Reasonable close planting

Generally, the ridge distance is 63-65cm, with plastic film 1.2m or 1.3m wide, two ridges covered together, the hole spacing is 17-20cm, and 20-220000 seedlings per hectare are protected. It can also be covered with three rows of large ridges, that is, two natural ridges, and three rows are planted on the ridges, with a small row spacing of 30-35cm, which can make rational use of soil power and light energy.

VI. Field management

Peanut sowing should often check the field protection film, found that the wind to uncover the film or plastic film break ventilation, should be covered and pressed firmly in time to ensure the effect of increasing temperature and preserving soil moisture. Peanut seedlings were introduced in time after emergence, and the film holes were sealed with wet soil. Combined with the introduction of seedlings, the first pair of side techniques are scratched out of the film, the excessive mounds on the film holes are removed in time, and the seedlings are checked and replanted in time. In the process of peanut growth and development, it is necessary to do a good job of film protection to prevent the wind from trampling on people and animals. Strengthen the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests. Mainly early stem rot, root rot, crown rot, middle and later leaf class disease. Add foliar fertilizer with internal inhalation fungicide. Insect pests are aphids, red spiders are the most harmful, with omethoate imidacloprid to control aphids, red spiders can use Avermectin and other acaricides.

7. Pay attention to problems

The selection of varieties should be appropriate, the growth period must be moderate, early-maturing varieties can not be covered with film, easy to premature senescence. The plastic film should not be stretched separately so as not to break. The opening should be early rather than late, and the soil must be pressed, which is 3-5 cm thick.

The above is the introduction of peanut planting technology brought by the pro-agricultural network. If you want to improve the yield and economic benefits of planting peanuts, the use of plastic film mulching technology is one of the very effective measures. It is also a favorite planting method for peanut farmers in our country. Growers can refer to this article to compare their own planting methods to see if there is any need for improvement.