Planting time of saffron

1. The time of sowing and reproduction

If crocuses are sown and propagated, they need to be planted in September or October in autumn. We should choose a good piece of land, plough and fine the soil, apply enough fertilizer, and sow saffron seeds.

two。 The time of reproducing bulbs.

If saffron is propagated in separate bulbs, we usually do it from August to September to expand our extracurricular knowledge that the mature corm of saffron has multiple main and lateral buds, and then expands from the base of the foliage to form a new corm. The bulbs we use for bulb reproduction are taken out of the soil in summer, dried and stored until they are planted.

If you want to plant some beautiful crocuses, you can start in August, September or October, whether for your beloved or for yourself, there must be a good reason to plant flowers. There are also many poems and legends about saffron, forming a special culture of saffron. Let's go and see the poems of saffron.

Detailed explanation of planting techniques of saffron

[introduction]: you may not know about saffron, but if you believe there is nothing you don't know about saffron, yes, saffron is saffron, which is a very precious traditional Chinese medicine. With the demand of the saffron market in recent years, many people have begun to try to cultivate crocuses on their own. Today, the editor will sort out the planting techniques of crocuses for everyone, hoping to be helpful to friends who are trying to make money by planting crocuses. Then let's follow the editor to learn about it.

Saffron is a perennial herb. The bulb is oblate-globose, about 3 cm in diameter, with a yellowish-brown membranous coating. Leaves basal, 9-15, striate, grayish green, 15-20 cm long, 2-3 mm wide, margin revolute; leaf cluster base contains 4-5 membranous sheath leaves.

The flower stem is very short and does not protrude from the ground; flowers 1-2, light blue, reddish purple or white, fragrant, 2.5-3 cm in diameter; perianth lobes 6-round, arranged in 2 rounds, inner and outer perianth lobes Obovate, apex obtuse, 4-5 cm long; stamens erect, 2.5 cm long, anthers yellow, tip pointed, slightly curved Style orange-red, ca. 4 cm, distally 3-branched, branches curved and pendulous, stigma slightly flat, tip cuneate, shallowly toothed, longer stamens, ovary narrowly fusiform. Capsule ellipsoid, ca. 3 cm long.

The complete stigma is linear, the apex is broad, tapering downward and tail-shaped, the edge of the apex has irregular teeth, and the lower end is the residual yellow flower branch. It is about 2.5 cm long and 1.5 mm in diameter. Purplish red or dark reddish brown, slightly glossy. Light weight, soft, brittle and easy to break after drying. When the stigma is put into the water, it expands. It can be seen that the orange color decreases in a straight line and spreads gradually, and the water is dyed yellow. The stigma without precipitation is trumpet-shaped with short sutures. It will not be broken with a needle in a short time. Air-specific, slightly irritating, slightly bitter taste. To the body length, color purplish red, moist and shiny, yellow style less, taste pungent and cool is the best.

Reproduction

Bulb propagation is the main method. The mature corm has several main and lateral buds, and after anthesis, it expands from the base of the leaf cluster to form a new corm. The new bulbs are dug up and planted every August-September and can blossom in the same year. It takes 3-4 years for seed propagation to blossom.

Cultivation

Saffron can be propagated by ball division and sowing, but mainly by ball division.

① propagated in separate bulbs.

It is generally carried out from August to September, the mature corm has several main and lateral buds, and after flowering, it expands from the base of the leaf clump to form a new corm. After the aboveground part withered in summer, the corm was dug out, graded, dried and stored. The early planting time is beneficial to the formation of strong seedlings. Each mature bulb has several main buds and lateral buds. When planting, big balls and small balls of more than 8 grams should be planted separately. Bulbs weighing less than 8 grams can not blossom in the same year and need to be cultivated for another year. The pot should choose the spring flower species with bulb weight of about 20 grams in October, and the flowerpots with an inner diameter of 15 centimeters can plant 5 to 6 balls in each pot. After planting, put it outside for maintenance.

It takes root after about two weeks and moves to a place with sufficient indoor light and fresh and moist air. New Year's Day can blossom before and after. The residual flowers should be picked immediately after flowering to avoid nutrient consumption, and compound fertilizer solution dominated by phosphorus and potassium should be applied once or twice to promote bulb growth and sturdiness. Continue to maintain normally, until the aboveground part turns yellow in summer, take out the bulb and store it after drying. Saffron can also be water-raised and ornamental, in the same way as daffodils.

② sows and propagates.

As saffron is not easy to seed, it needs artificial pollination to get seeds. After the seeds are ripe, the seeds will be sown in the open field seedbed or pot with harvest. The seed sowing density should not be too high, and it is better to be sparse, because the plant needs to grow balls and generally cannot dig within 2 years. It often takes 3-4 years from seed sowing to plant flowering.

Effect of saffron:

Saffron has cholagogic effect. Crocin can reduce cholesterol and increase fat metabolism. It can be used in the treatment of fatty liver with traditional Chinese medicine such as Hawthorn, Cassia, alisma and so on. Saffron can be used in the treatment of liver cirrhosis after chronic viral hepatitis by improving microcirculation and promoting bile secretion and excretion, thus reducing abnormally high globulin and total bilirubin. Crocetin has a chemoprevention effect on early acute liver damage caused by toxic substances and is expected to be used in the treatment of chronic cholecystitis.

Saffron contains a bitter substance called saffron. Its dry stigma tastes sweet and flat, can activate blood circulation and remove blood stasis, disperse depression and open knot, and relieve pain. It is used to treat melancholy knot, chest and diaphragm tightness, hematemesis, typhoid mania, frightened trance, women with amenorrhea, irregular menstruation, postpartum lochia, pain caused by blood stasis, measles, fall injury and so on. It is used as a sedative and wind repellent abroad. Promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, cooling blood and detoxification, relieving depression and calming the nerves. Warm poison hair spot, melancholy ruffian, palpitation crazy.

The pungent golden stigma of saffron is very expensive and is used in food seasoning and coloring, as well as as a dye. The ancient Indian distilled saffron stigma obtained a golden water-soluble cloth dye. After Sakyamuni's death, his disciples used crocuses as the official color of their robes. In several cultures, royal clothes are dyed with this dye. In Greece and Rome, crocuses were sprinkled as spices in synagogues, courts, theatres and bathrooms. When Nero returned to Rome, the streets were sprinkled with crocuses. The common eating methods are oral, soaking water, soaking wine, food, steamed chicken eggs and so on. Saffron should not be used too much. Saffron is also used to color poultry, seafood and fish.

Steamed pudding with saffron

A brief introduction to the recipe, the pudding is steamed, low in calories, healthy and simple.

Ingredients: 2 eggs, fresh milk, 200ml sugar, 20g hot water, 20mlSargol grade saffron, a little rub of favorite jam, a little jam

1. Soak the saffron in hot water, release the color and fragrance, and cool it to room temperature.

2. Take a deep pot and put it on a steam rack and a container to hold the pudding.

3. Do not exceed the steaming rack by adding water. Turn on a small heat and preheat the container first.

4. Take a large bowl, put two eggs, fresh milk and sugar in, beat until bubbling, take a strainer and filter.

5. Pour the cooled saffron liquid into the filtered fresh milk and egg liquid and stir well.

6. Slowly pour 5 into a warm container, first pour half of it, turn on the fire, add water depending on the situation, do not let the water dry, do not cover the pot cover, so as not to produce bubbles.

7. After heating for about 10 minutes, half of the pudding has solidified, turn to low heat, add your favorite jam, I added strawberry jam, and the previously made saffron flat peach jam, the other without jam.

8. After adding the ingredients, pour in the remaining 5 until the remaining 9 minutes are full, turn to high heat, continue to heat, if the water is almost dry, remember to replenish water, do not cover the lid.

9. Wait until the upper half of the egg is also condensed, then you can take it out and let it cool.

10. After cooling, you can put it in a refrigerated ice cream.

[summary]: crocuses can not only be used as traditional Chinese medicine, but many friends also use crocuses as spices for food seasoning or dyes. Clothes dyed by crocuses have a strong Tibetan flavor, and there will be a unique aroma on the clothes. It is a dye that many women like very much in recent years, but all clothes dyed by crocuses are loved by the majority of women. Then the above is the relevant information compiled by the editor for you. I hope you can like it.

The planting techniques of saffron the efficacy and function of saffron

Saffron, also known as saffron, is a spice and a valuable traditional Chinese medicine. What do you know about saffron? Today, let's go with the editor to learn about the planting technology and related knowledge of saffron.

Introduction of saffron

Saffron also has a nickname for saffron and saffron. It is called Saffron in English and Crocus sativus in Latin. Saffron actually refers to the crimson stigma at the tip of three pistils in each saffron. Originally from West Asia, saffron was spread to Spain by Arabs, and now Spain produces the largest proportion of saffron in the world.

Saffron is considered to be the most expensive spice in the world because only the pistil part of the whole flower is available, each flower has three pistils, about 200 flowers can pick up 1 gram of pistils, and a family farm produces only 3 to 4 kilograms a year. Saffron blossoms only once a year in October, must be harvested as soon as possible, and the whole picking and baking process must be carried out manually, so it is extremely expensive. Saffron can be used in medicine, aromatherapy, dye and food. Paella and Marseilles fish soup are both classic saffron dishes with a strong and unique aroma and a golden color for the dishes. However, pay attention to the use of saffron, must be cooked to release the aroma, add a little butter to lock the color.

The cultivation of saffron

I. growth characteristics

Saffron is a subtropical plant with a growth and development cycle of about 220 days. It has many different characteristics from other traditional Chinese medicines. The cold season in winter and spring is its vegetative growth stage, and it just needs to grow in the open field to expand its bulb. When the summer temperature rises, its leaves begin to wither, and people need to move it to indoor management and protection to carry out its flower bud differentiation and nutritional transformation. Before flowering and in flowering season, there is no need for people to fertilize and apply water. Therefore, the environmental requirements of saffron are different at different stages of growth and development. Generally speaking, the requirements for soil, water, light, temperature and altitude of saffron are:

① soil: saffron likes to grow in sandy loam with deep soil layer, good permeability and sufficient fertility; it grows poorly in soil with insufficient fertility, and has a higher demand for fertilizer before corm expansion and lower demand for fertilizer after the rapid expansion period, so the topdressing period can not be later than the middle of February of the following year.

② moisture: after transplanting to the field, saffron needs to keep the soil moist, which is beneficial to the growth of the roots and leaves of the corm; in the expansion period of the new corm from March to April of the following year, the demand for water is greater, if the soil moisture is not sufficient, the increase and weight of the new corm will be seriously affected. When saffron bulbs blossom indoors, the relative humidity of indoor air should be kept at about 80%. If the humidity is too low, the number of flowers will decrease; if the humidity is too high, it will make the bulbs root, resulting in yellow damage to the roots.

③ light: sufficient light is an indispensable condition for the growth and development of saffron. Under long light and suitable temperature, it can promote the formation of new bulbs and the development and growth of seed bulbs. Therefore, as far as possible, sunny slopes and farmland are selected to plant saffron to ensure the healthy development of seed bulbs.

④ temperature: saffron is very sensitive to temperature, but the temperature requirements are different in different stages of growth and development. In the field cultivation period, the optimum temperature it needs is 2: 19 ℃. In case of a low temperature of-15 ℃, cold prevention measures must be taken to ensure safe overwintering; in late spring and early summer, shading measures should be taken to prolong the growth time and increase the weight of bulbs. The optimum temperature for flower bud differentiation is between 24 and 27 ℃, too high or too low is not conducive to flower bud differentiation, and the development of leaf bud and flower bud also requires "low-high-low" variable temperature stimulation. In the early stage, the lower temperature is beneficial to the formation of the leaf primitive body; in the middle stage, the slightly higher temperature can promote the production of the flower primitive body; in the later stage, the growth of the flower organ requires a lower environmental temperature. The optimum temperature at flowering stage is 15: 18 ℃. Flowers are not easy to bloom when the ambient temperature is below 5 ℃. Too high temperature will inhibit the growth of young flowers.

Saffron has strong cold tolerance. Experts have studied that saffron can still grow normally at the low temperature of-7 ℃, but the plant growth is poor when the temperature is lower than-10 ℃. During the whole plant growth period, the temperature requirement was 2: 19 ℃. When the highest temperature exceeded 25 ℃, the aboveground part withered. If the high temperature appears late in summer, coupled with proper shading and paying attention to irrigation, we can appropriately prolong the growth and development time of saffron plants and cultivate more high-quality corms.

⑤ altitude: at present, the main producing areas of Angelica dahurica in China are mostly between 50-1000m above sea level.

2. Cultivation techniques

1. Land selection and preparation

Planting saffron land requires that the soil should be loose, fertile and permeable neutral acid sandy loam in the area with convenient drainage and irrigation, flat and sunny. In order to reduce the occurrence of diseases, rotation should be carried out, and rice, soybeans and corn should be used in the previous crop. In particular, the implementation of flood-drought rotation with rice, not only do not need to change land every year, but also saffron bulbs will grow well. After the previous crop was harvested, 2000 kg / mu of rotten barnyard manure (pig, cattle manure or grass manure) and 50 kg of calcium superphosphate were applied as base fertilizer, then the soil was ploughed and broken into a border bed with a width of 1.2m and a height of 20 cm.

2. Methods of reproduction

Saffron is usually propagated with bulbs. The planting time in the field was carried out after the flower stigma was harvested in the same year, and the strip planting method was mostly carried out in the middle of November, with row spacing of 20 cm and plant spacing of about 15 cm. The planting depth of bulbs is based on the principle that there is no frost damage in winter, and it is generally required to be planted between 5 and 8 cm below the soil layer. If the plant is too deep, it is not conducive to the expansion and growth of the bulb; if the planting is too shallow, the corm is easy to be frozen, which affects the growth and development of the bulb. According to years of planting experience, rice straw can be used to cover the ground at the beginning of ball planting to reduce frost injury and weed growth.

3. Field management

① ploughing and weeding. The weeds in the border bed can be seen about a month after the saffron corms are planted in the field, and when the number is small, they should be pulled out by hand in time. In the bulb expansion period at the beginning of the year, a comprehensive loosening soil weeding should be carried out to prevent soil consolidation and promote corm hypertrophy. Loosening soil and weeding should be completed before the end of March, and no longer ploughing and weeding after April. The weeds growing in the field can shade and moisturize the saffron and promote its growth in the later stage.

② irrigation and drainage. After saffron corms are planted, irrigation and watering should be carried out in time to prevent drought from affecting its growth. Generally, it is watered 20 days after planting in the field to facilitate the emergence of bulbs; before winter, watering again, because of the large heat capacity and thermal conductivity of water, can increase the heat capacity and thermal conductivity of soil and prevent the corms from freezing; from March to April of the following year, in case of drought, it should also be irrigated in time. In case of heavy rain or long rain, if there is stagnant water in the field, it is necessary to timely drain the ditch to prevent corm rot and reduce flood losses.

③ scientific topdressing. In addition to applying sufficient basic fertilizer, saffron should also apply seedling-promoting fertilizer in time to accelerate the growth of corm. After planting the bulbs, spread a layer of rotten barnyard manure on the border surface, and then cover it with furrow soil, which can maintain the soil temperature and improve the anti-freezing effect. About 15 days after planting, 100 kg of human and animal manure diluted by 20% water per mu was applied, which was beneficial to the growth and greening of the new root of saffron. At the beginning of February of the following year, when the corm began to expand and grow, 2000 kg; per mu of mature human and animal manure was applied at the end of February, and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution was used for extra-root topdressing, the dosage was 50 kg per mu, once every 10 days, spraying 2 times for 3 times, which could promote the expansion of the corm.

The lateral buds were erased by ④. Saffron bulbs are very much like garlic. When planting, you can distinguish between main buds and lateral buds. In general, only the main buds will blossom, and lateral buds can only grow bulbs but not blossom. Therefore, the lateral buds are often erased when planting in production to ensure the growth and weight gain of the main buds. However, in the process of growth, the mother ball will continue to differentiate into small corms, and sprouting must be carried out constantly in the management to ensure the source of nutrients needed for the growth and development of the mother ball and to cultivate more large corms.

The efficacy and function of saffron

I. the efficacy of saffron

Promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, dispersing depression and opening knot. Treatment of depression, chest and diaphragm tightness, hematemesis, typhoid madness, horrified trance, women with amenorrhea, postpartum blood stasis and abdominal pain, tumble and swelling.

1. "just about to have a meal": the main heart is depressed, the breath does not go away, and eating for a long time makes people happy.

2. "essence of Pinghui": the main body disperses depression and regulates blood, wide chest and diaphragm, appetizers into diet, long-term service to nourish yuan, pleasing color, and treating typhoid mania.

3. "Compendium": activating blood circulation and treating palpitations.

Second, the function of saffron

1. The effect on the uterus

The decoction has excitatory effect on isolated uterus and eutopic uterus of mice, guinea pigs, rabbits, dogs and cats, low dose can make uterine tension or rhythmic contraction, high dose can increase uterine tension and excitability, automatic contraction rate can increase, even reach the degree of spasm, pregnant uterus is more sensitive; in rabbit uterine fistula experiment, it also shows excitatory effect, after one dose, the effect can last as long as 4 hours. The order of action intensity of various extracts is as follows: decoction > ethanol extract > volatile components > ether extract. Low dose can also inhibit the uterus, or inhibit it first and then excite it, especially when the ethanol extract is used in the uterus of non-pregnant rabbits. The effect of stimulating the uterus can be partially blocked by ergotoxine ethanesulfonate (adrenergic blocker), but not by atropine. Therefore, it is considered that the effect on the uterus is partly due to the direct effect on uterine muscle cells and partly related to adrenergic receptors.

2. Influence on circulatory system

The decoction can lower the blood pressure of anesthetized dogs and cats and maintain it for a long time, and has an exciting effect on breathing. During hypotension, the renal volume shrank, showing renal vasoconstriction, and also had a contractile effect on toad blood vessels. It has significant inhibitory effect on isolated toad heart. It has been discussed as a drug for cardiac arrest during operation, and it is found that water extract can cause rapid and complete cardiac arrest in diastolic phase in isolated toad, rat heart and acute cat heart specimens. It lasts for more than ten minutes and is easy to recover. If used with acetylcholine, cardiac arrest is more rapid and complete. There was no fibrillation during rebeating, and the cardiac activity increased after rebeating. However, chemical analysis shows that the composition of inhibiting heart is related to potassium salt, which deserves attention. Saffron contains a large amount of potassium salt, and potassium salt can not only inhibit the heart and cause hypotension, but also excite the tension and contraction of smooth muscle such as small intestine, uterus, bronchi and blood vessels, so the pharmacological study of saffron should first remove potassium salt.