Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests of cherry blossoms and management techniques in summer and autumn

1. Disease control

Leaf blight

① removed and burned diseased leaves and sprayed Bordeaux solution before germination; ② sprayed 65% Dysen zinc wettable powder 500x every 7 to 10 days, continuously spraying 2 times 3 times.

Brown spot disease

① strengthened cultivation management, created good ventilation and light transmission conditions, applied more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and enhanced disease resistance; ② cleared diseased leaves in autumn, combined with pruning and pruning diseased branches to reduce the source of infection in the coming year; 65% zinc 600 times solution or 50% carbendazim 1000 times solution was sprayed during the onset of ③.

Powdery mildew

You can choose 70% methyl topiramate 1000 times solution, 65% Dysen zinc wettable powder 500x solution, sprayed every 1 to 5 days. Try to avoid the use of dichlorvos so as not to cause fallen leaves. Properly watering and increasing foliar spraying (0.3%-0.5% urea, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate) to ensure that the leaves are intact, thick and green.

Root cancer

Seedlings infected with root cancer in ① must be centrally destroyed. It is best to soak the seedlings with 1% copper sulfate for 5 minutes before planting, then rinse with water, and then plant. ② found that the diseased plant can thoroughly remove the cancer and its surrounding tissue with a knife saw; ③ can also disinfect the soil around the diseased plant with sulphur powder at a dosage of 50 million grams per square meter. At the same time, pay attention to soil improvement.

2. Pest control

Shell worm

The most favorable period for ① to control shell insects is during the peak hatching period of nymphs, spraying 25% imidophos 600 × 800 times or 40% omethoate emulsion 1000 times, and ② spraying 5% Baomedol sulfur mixture or 3% 5% diesel emulsion to eliminate overwintering nymphs.

Pear net bug

① removed weeds, withered branches and leaves in winter, and destroyed them centrally. When some newly emerged white adults were found in the nymphs on the leaves of ②, it showed that the first generation nymphs had basically hatched and should be sprayed and controlled in time. This is a favorable period for control, which can be controlled with 1000 times of 90% trichlorfon or 1500 times of 50% malathion EC or 1000 times of omethoate.

Spodoptera litura

① smears lime on the branches of cherry blossoms to prevent spawning; ② in spring, when you see holes in the dry branches flowing glue or insect dung, you can use a hammer to kill the internal larvae or cut the dry skin with a knife to kill the larvae. Apply fungicide; ③ smear the infestation or spray all the branches with 50% phoxim EC 700x to kill the young larvae.

Red spider

When ① finds that individual cherry blossoms have red spiders, they should be removed in time; before early spring cherry blossoms germinate, ② sprays tree trunks with crystal stone sulfur mixture of 300 to 500 times to eliminate overwintering female adults and eggs; ③ sprays 50% bromoacarate emulsion 2500 times or omethoate and other chemicals during the damage period; ④ is easy to produce drug resistance in mites, so we should pay attention to the alternate use of acaricides.

Aphids

When the number of ① worms is small, it can be washed with clean water or combined with pruning, and the branches can be cut off. ② buries 5% aldicarb granules at the most fibrous roots around the tree in mid-late April, with a depth of 2 cm per tree, with a good effect; ③ can spray 1000 times 1500 times 50% deltamethrin EC 4000 times 5000 times deltamethrin EC or 2000 times 20% deltamethrin EC.

3. Balanced fertilization and application of base fertilizer in autumn is a good time to rejuvenate trees and promote flower bud differentiation. Base fertilizer is generally applied in early September, when the fertilizer has sufficient time to mature, allowing the tree to absorb and use it before dormancy. At this time, the roots cut off by fertilization can more and more germinate and absorb a large number of roots, thus improving the absorption and utilization of fertilizer. The main types of fertilization are rotten farm manure, combined with a small amount of chemical fertilizer. In general, 50-75 kg of soil and miscellaneous fertilizer is applied to each young tree, and the basic fertilizer should not be too deep in autumn, and 40-50 cm is appropriate. Young trees can use ditch application method, strong trees use sprinkling method, if the tree body is found to be deficient, it can be properly mixed with a small amount of trace elements.

4. Before the arrival of the root growth peak of cherry blossoms in autumn, combined with the application of base fertilizer, deep turning of trees can not only increase the amount of deep roots, but also have the function of storing water and preserving soil moisture, raising soil temperature and improving soil. When turning the tree plate deeply, we should pay attention to clean up the dead branches, fallen leaves and weeds in the tree plate and burn them centrally, so as to eliminate the overwintering insect pathogen and bacteria, and reduce the occurrence and damage of diseases and insect pests in the coming year.

5. Reasonable pruning in autumn should be combined with the growth status of the tree, timely remove dense branches, cross branches, overlapping branches, disease and insect branches, improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions of the crown, enhance the light and effect and rejuvenate the tree potential. Wounds caused by pruning should be flattened and scraped with a sharp knife, disinfected with a 5-degree stone-sulfur mixture, and then coated with protective agents such as tung oil to prevent wound decay.

Cultivation of Cherry Blossom and Control of Diseases and insect pests

Cherry blossom is a deciduous tree of the genus Sakura of Rosaceae, native to Japan. It is widely cultivated in North and South China. It is an important early spring ornamental tree species. Its cultivation and management techniques are introduced as follows, for reference only.

Requirements for planting environment

Cherry blossoms like light, should be planted in places with sufficient light, in the shade and under the tree will grow slowly due to lack of light, do not grow, leaves small and yellow, flowers small or no flowers, even if there are flowers, the color is not bright, heavy or even death. Cherry blossoms have shallow roots, neither drought nor waterlogging, prefer moist but not stagnant water, grow vigorously in lawns, and should not be planted in ditches and low-lying places. Planting in these two places will often die of root rot. Cherry blossoms are suitable for growing in permeable and breathable sandy loam. They grow poorly in clay and like to be fertile but not resistant to barren. Some varieties have a certain tolerance to salt and alkali. For example, Japanese late cherry can grow normally in mild saline-alkali soil with pH 8.7 and salt content 0.15%. No adverse reactions were observed. Cherry blossoms have relatively high requirements for air quality and poor resistance to toxic and harmful gases such as soot and sulfur dioxide, so they are not suitable for greening in industrial and mining areas. Cherry blossoms prefer a warm environment, so planting in the leeward and sunny places should be chosen as far as possible in North China and the south of Northeast China. Seedlings are easy to strip when planted in the open and tuyere.

Planting requirements and water and fertilizer management

Cherry blossom planting can be carried out after defoliation in early spring or late autumn. Comparatively speaking, the survival rate of planting in autumn is higher than that in spring, and it can sprout early and make it blossom. Spring planting should be carried out before sprouting in early spring, and the buds should be removed after planting to reduce nutrient consumption and ensure its survival. It is best to plant cherry blossoms with soil balls in spring, the diameter of soil balls is 8 to 10 times the diameter of breast height or ground diameter, and there can be no soil balls in autumn, but the planting time should be shortened as much as possible. When planting, an appropriate amount of rotten fermented circle fertilizer should be applied as base fertilizer, and the base fertilizer should be fully mixed with the subsoil to avoid fertilizer damage. It is worth noting that autumn planting should be appropriate deep planting, planting depth can be higher than soil ball or root 3 to 5 cm, spring should be flush with soil ball or soil mark, too deep is easy to sprout, immediately after planting should be watering, two days after watering, and then three days watering.

After the cherry blossoms enter the normal management, some sesame sauce dregs and about 100 grams of thiamine fertilizer can be applied every year after flowering, which can replenish the nutrients consumed by flowering in time. Fallen leaves in autumn can be applied with some mature fermented ring compost or compost, this fertilizer can make the plant luxuriant branches and leaves, large and colorful flowers, and longer flowering period. For some plants with weak growth and small branches and leaves, foliar fertilization can also be carried out while fertilizing the roots. Different fertilizers can be applied according to different growth periods, and 0.5% urea solution can be applied in spring. 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be applied in summer, and generally does not apply fertilizer in autumn in order to prevent branches from growing.

Cherry blossoms like a humid environment. Before sprouting in early March in spring, the water must be watered thoroughly, which can reduce the ground temperature, delay germination, effectively prevent the harm of cold in late spring, and provide water for plant germination in time. In North China, the spring monsoon wind is strong and lasts for a long time, and the plant transpiration is relatively large, so it should be properly watered in April and May. The plants planted in the lawn can be watered together with watering the lawn without additional watering. When there is more precipitation in summer, it should be drained in time to prevent water from rotting roots, but in case of drought and little rain, proper watering is also very necessary. The plants planted in that year can also be sprayed on the leaves when the climate is relatively dry, usually before 9: 00 a. M. and after 5: 00 p. M. If it is not particularly dry in autumn, it is generally not watered because the large amount of water is easy to make the branches grow, which is not conducive to the safe overwintering of the plant. Before entering winter, it should be combined with fertilization to fully irrigate the anti-freezing water, this time the water is generally from late November to early December, the specific time is determined by the temperature of the current year, watering too early and too late can not play the role of cold prevention.

Reproduction method

The common propagation method of cherry blossoms is grafting. Grafting can be done by bud grafting and branch grafting. After years of practice, the author used mountain peach as rootstock to graft elm leaf plum, and then grafted cherry blossom on elm leaf plum, not only the survival rate was high, but also the plant growth was exuberant and the disease resistance was strong. The bud grafting method is generally carried out in July and August, and the bud grafting must be stout, full and free of diseases and insect pests; the grafting method is generally skin grafting, which is from mid-late March to early April.

Pest control

1. Common pests

The common pests of cherry blossoms are: tea wing bug, peach aphid, carrot microtube aphid, apple aphid, Japanese cotton scale, wisteria gray powder scale, mulberry white shield scale, red kidney shield scale, Korean brown ball scale, yellow thorn moth, cotton belt roll moth, big bag moth, tea bag moth, brown roll moth, brown edge green moth and so on. If it occurs, 3000 times of 3% hyperosmotic phenoxyvir EC can be used to kill tea wing bugs, and 2000 times of imidacloprid wettable particles can be used to kill peach aphids, carrot microtube aphids and apple aphids. 3000 times of 3% hyperosmotic phenoxyvir EC or 2000 times of 10% imidacloprid wettable particles or 95% of imidacloprid emulsion or 1000 times of 20% scale EC. Spray Japanese paramecium, wisteria ash powder, mulberry white shield scale, red kidney shield scale, Korean brown ball scale; spray 3% hyperosmotic phenoxane EC 3000 times or 1.2% nicotinine 1000 times solution to kill diamondback moth, brown roll moth, cotton brown belt roll moth, large bag moth, tea bag moth Spray the yellow diamondback moth and the brown edge green diamondback moth with 20% diflubenzuron suspension 7000 times and Bt emulsion 500x.

two。 Common diseases

The common diseases of cherry blossoms are root nodule, anthracnose and brown spot perforation.

If root nodule disease occurs, the affected plant can be dug up, rinse the soil, soak the root in 1% copper sulfate solution for 5 to 8 minutes, rinse after soaking, and then plant. Remove the tumor and apply 0.1% of mercury solution to the wound before planting.

If anthracnose occurs, alternately spray 1000 times of 70% mancozeb wettable particles or 50% carbendazim wettable particles or 50% carbendazim wettable particles 1000 times, 3 to 4 times in a row, each time at intervals of 7 to 10 days. Sweep the fallen leaves in time and burn them in time in winter. It is forbidden to spray leaves on plants during the disease period.

If brown spot perforation occurs, it can be protected by spraying crystal sulfides mixture 50 to 100 times before sprouting. After the onset of the disease can be sprayed 50% plus Ruinong 1000 times liquid for prevention and treatment, once every 10 days, continuous spraying 3 to 4 times can effectively control the disease.

Cultivation of Cherry Blossom and Control of Diseases and insect pests

China Garden Network, April 1: Cherry blossoms are deciduous trees of the genus Sakura of Rosaceae, native to Japan. They are widely cultivated in the north and south of China. They are important flowering tree species in early spring. Their cultivation and management techniques are introduced as follows for reference only.

Requirements for planting environment

Cherry blossoms like light, should be planted in places with sufficient light, in the shade and under the tree will grow slowly due to lack of light, do not grow, leaves small and yellow, flowers small or no flowers, even if there are flowers, the color is not bright, heavy or even death. Cherry blossoms have shallow roots, neither drought nor waterlogging, prefer moist but not stagnant water, grow vigorously in lawns, and should not be planted in ditches and low-lying places. Planting in these two places will often die of root rot. Cherry blossoms are suitable for growing in permeable and breathable sandy loam. They grow poorly in clay and like to be fertile but not resistant to barren. Some varieties have a certain tolerance to salt and alkali. For example, Japanese late cherry can grow normally in mild saline-alkali soil with pH 8.7 and salt content 0.15%. No adverse reactions were observed. Cherry blossoms have relatively high requirements for air quality and poor resistance to toxic and harmful gases such as soot and sulfur dioxide, so they are not suitable for greening in industrial and mining areas. Cherry blossoms prefer a warm environment, so planting in the leeward and sunny places should be chosen as far as possible in North China and the south of Northeast China. Seedlings are easy to strip when planted in the open and tuyere.

Planting requirements and water and fertilizer management

Cherry blossom planting can be carried out after defoliation in early spring or late autumn. Comparatively speaking, the survival rate of planting in autumn is higher than that in spring, and it can sprout early and make it blossom. Spring planting should be carried out before sprouting in early spring, and the buds should be removed after planting to reduce nutrient consumption and ensure its survival. It is best to plant cherry blossoms with soil balls in spring, the diameter of soil balls is 8 to 10 times the diameter of breast height or ground diameter, and there can be no soil balls in autumn, but the planting time should be shortened as much as possible. When planting, an appropriate amount of rotten fermented circle fertilizer should be applied as base fertilizer, and the base fertilizer should be fully mixed with the subsoil to avoid fertilizer damage. It is worth noting that autumn planting should be appropriate deep planting, planting depth can be higher than soil ball or root 3 to 5 cm, spring should be flush with soil ball or soil mark, too deep is easy to sprout, immediately after planting should be watering, two days after watering, and then three days watering.

After the cherry blossoms enter the normal management, some sesame sauce dregs and about 100 grams of thiamine fertilizer can be applied every year after flowering, which can replenish the nutrients consumed by flowering in time. Fallen leaves in autumn can be applied with some mature fermented ring compost or compost, this fertilizer can make the plant luxuriant branches and leaves, large and colorful flowers, and longer flowering period. For some plants with weak growth and small branches and leaves, foliar fertilization can also be carried out while fertilizing the roots. Different fertilizers can be applied according to different growth periods, and 0.5% urea solution can be applied in spring. 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be applied in summer, and generally does not apply fertilizer in autumn in order to prevent branches from growing.

Cherry blossoms like a humid environment. Before sprouting in early March in spring, the water must be watered thoroughly, which can reduce the ground temperature, delay germination, effectively prevent the harm of cold in late spring, and provide water for plant germination in time. In North China, the spring monsoon wind is strong and lasts for a long time, and the plant transpiration is relatively large, so it should be properly watered in April and May. The plants planted in the lawn can be watered together with watering the lawn without additional watering. When there is more precipitation in summer, it should be drained in time to prevent water from rotting roots, but in case of drought and little rain, proper watering is also very necessary. The plants planted in that year can also be sprayed on the leaves when the climate is relatively dry, usually before 9: 00 a. M. and after 5: 00 p. M. If it is not particularly dry in autumn, it is generally not watered because the large amount of water is easy to make the branches grow, which is not conducive to the safe overwintering of the plant. Before entering winter, it should be combined with fertilization to fully irrigate the anti-freezing water, this time the water is generally from late November to early December, the specific time is determined by the temperature of the current year, watering too early and too late can not play the role of cold prevention.

Reproduction method

The common propagation method of cherry blossoms is grafting. Grafting can be done by bud grafting and branch grafting. After years of practice, the author used mountain peach as rootstock to graft elm leaf plum, and then grafted cherry blossom on elm leaf plum, not only the survival rate was high, but also the plant growth was exuberant and the disease resistance was strong. The bud grafting method is generally carried out in July and August, and the bud grafting must be stout, full and free of diseases and insect pests; the grafting method is generally skin grafting, which is from mid-late March to early April.

Pest control

1. Common pests

The common pests of cherry blossoms are: tea wing bug, peach aphid, carrot microtube aphid, apple aphid, Japanese cotton scale, wisteria gray powder scale, mulberry white shield scale, red kidney shield scale, Korean brown ball scale, yellow thorn moth, cotton belt roll moth, big bag moth, tea bag moth, brown roll moth, brown edge green moth and so on. If it occurs, 3000 times of 3% hyperosmotic phenoxyvir EC can be used to kill tea wing bugs, and 2000 times of imidacloprid wettable particles can be used to kill peach aphids, carrot microtube aphids and apple aphids. 3000 times of 3% hyperosmotic phenoxyvir EC or 2000 times of 10% imidacloprid wettable particles or 95% of imidacloprid emulsion or 1000 times of 20% scale EC. Spray Japanese paramecium, wisteria ash powder, mulberry white shield scale, red kidney shield scale, Korean brown ball scale; spray 3% hyperosmotic phenoxane EC 3000 times or 1.2% nicotinine 1000 times solution to kill diamondback moth, brown roll moth, cotton brown belt roll moth, large bag moth, tea bag moth Spray the yellow diamondback moth and the brown edge green diamondback moth with 20% diflubenzuron suspension 7000 times and Bt emulsion 500x.

two。 Common diseases

The common diseases of cherry blossoms are root nodule, anthracnose and brown spot perforation.

If root nodule disease occurs, the affected plant can be dug up, rinse the soil, soak the root in 1% copper sulfate solution for 5 to 8 minutes, rinse after soaking, and then plant. Remove the tumor and apply 0.1% of mercury solution to the wound before planting.

If anthracnose occurs, alternately spray 1000 times of 70% mancozeb wettable particles or 50% carbendazim wettable particles or 50% carbendazim wettable particles 1000 times, 3 to 4 times in a row, each time at intervals of 7 to 10 days. Sweep the fallen leaves in time and burn them in time in winter. It is forbidden to spray leaves on plants during the disease period.

If brown spot perforation occurs, it can be protected by spraying crystal sulfides mixture 50 to 100 times before sprouting. After the onset of the disease can be sprayed 50% plus Ruinong 1000 times liquid for prevention and treatment, once every 10 days, continuous spraying 3 to 4 times can effectively control the disease.