Control of diseases and insect pests of Taxus mairei

There are 7 kinds of diseases and insect pests of Taxus chinensis var. mairei cutting seedlings in greenhouse during the whole growing period, namely, blight, stem rot, white silk disease, Phytophthora, leaf mites, aphids, shell insects and so on. Among them, stem rot, white silk disease and aphids were the most serious.

Control of stem rot of cutting seedlings

After two months of cutting, stem rot occurred at the base of the seedling stem, which was caused by individual plants at first, and then spread into a whole cluster. It mainly occurs in high temperature season in summer and autumn. The occurrence and epidemic of the disease mainly depend on the air temperature from July to August. If the disease occurs early, the heat resistance of the seedlings is weak, so the disease will be serious. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the temperature of the soil surface of the seedling bed between summer and autumn to prevent the base of the seedling stem from burning, so as not to cause the wound to cause bacteria to invade; to apply more fertilizer to promote the growth of cutting seedlings and enhance the ability of disease resistance.

Control of White Silk Disease of Cuttage seedlings

The disease generally began to occur in the first ten days of June, the peak period was when the temperature rose to about 30 ℃ from July to August, and the peak period was when the temperature reached 35 ℃, and the disease basically stopped at the end of September. When harmful, white hyphae are produced, accompanied by brown dots. Prevention and control measures: strengthening management, building high beds, dredging ditches and drainage; timely loosening the soil and weeding; increasing the application of ammonia fertilizer and organic fertilizer to promote the growth of seedlings and enhance disease resistance; after the incidence of cutting seedlings, it is necessary to clean up diseased plants, fallen leaves and infected substrate in time. Spraying the seedling bed with pentachloronitrobenzene and disease-free yellow soil can effectively control the white silk disease of cutting seedlings, and the control effect is more than 95%.

Aphid control

Aphids are one of the main pests of Taxus mairei cutting seedlings in greenhouse. Because the annual temperature in greenhouse is above 18 ℃, aphids do not overwintering in winter. In summer, if the external temperature is not particularly high (≯ 38 ℃) and the cuttings in greenhouse have a certain leaf area, aphids can continue to reproduce and harm. Therefore, aphids occur in the greenhouse in the way of parthenogenesis. Annual reproduction occurs in the greenhouse, and generations overlap. The application of aphid lice horse emulsion to the seedling bed can effectively control the aphids of cutting seedlings, and the control effect is more than 95%.

Integrated prevention and control technology

Greenhouse disinfection. It is very effective to disinfect the greenhouse before cutting.

Disinfection method:

(1) Disinfection of greenhouse frames, spraying or fumigating steel brackets, walkways and surrounding plastic films in greenhouse with trisodium phosphate, sulfur, formalin and other insecticidal and disinfectants.

(2) disinfect soil and matrix, disinfect soil and matrix with formalin, methyl bromide and natural high temperature in summer.

(3) Disinfection of drip irrigation system, washing and soaking disinfection of emitters, droppers, sand filters and mother liquor tanks with nitric acid and formalin solution.

(4) disinfect the reservoir, remove sundries, sludge and clean water from the bottom of the tank, and then disinfect the tank with formalin or other disinfectants.

Ecological prevention and control

Through the regulation of temperature and humidity in the greenhouse, the temperature of the greenhouse is kept at 15 ℃ ~ 18 ℃ at night, about 25 ℃ during the day, and the temperature difference between day and night is less than 10 ℃. In this way, the relative humidity of the greenhouse can be controlled below 90%. The leaf surface of Taxus chinensis var. mairei cuttings will not produce water film, and the pathogen can not invade the leaf tissue to cause the disease. Heating technology is one of the effective measures to control the temperature and humidity in the greenhouse.

Cultivation and management

Pruning and beating old leaves in a timely manner to prevent a microclimate environment conducive to the spread and occurrence of diseases due to overdense branches and leaves; timely removal of residual branches and leaves of diseases and insect pests, keep the greenhouse clean, and reduce the sources of diseases and insect pests as much as possible; strictly formulate and implement production operation rules to prevent operators, visitors and production appliances from becoming disseminators of diseases and insect pests.

Biological control

It is a technology to control the diseases and insect pests of Taxus mairei cutting seedlings by using microbial preparations and beneficial predatory or parasitic insects (that is, natural enemies): using biological insecticides such as insecticides to control aphids, leaf mites and other pests; using natural enemies such as aphid gall mosquitoes, peach aphid cocoon wasps, Chilean small plant mites and other natural enemies to control cutting seedlings and other pests of Taxus mairei.

Chemical control

On the basis of the above four control techniques, if stem rot, white silk disease and aphids are still harmful, chemical or biological pesticides can be selected for one or two times.

Control of diseases and insect pests of Taxus mairei

The occurrence characteristics of diseases and insect pests of Taxus chinensis var. mairei in greenhouse are also significantly different from those of Taxus chinensis var. mairei seedlings in the open field. therefore, new control strategies and techniques are needed to control the diseases and insect pests of Taxus mairei in greenhouse. In order to effectively control the diseases and insect pests of Taxus mairei, experts from relevant departments of our city have been raising seedlings by cutting Taxus since 1975 in Sanming City, Mingxi County and other places. Monitoring, investigation, research and practice were carried out on the occurrence types and characteristics of the main diseases and insect pests during the whole growth period, and comprehensive techniques such as ecological control, physical control, cultivation control, disinfection and chemical control were adopted. The technical system of integrated control of cutting diseases and insect pests of Taxus chinensis var. mairei in greenhouse has been established, and obvious control effect has been achieved.

Occurrence species of diseases and insect pests

There are 7 kinds of diseases and insect pests of Taxus chinensis var. mairei cutting seedlings in greenhouse during the whole growing period, namely, blight, stem rot, white silk disease, Phytophthora, leaf mites, aphids, shell insects and so on. Among them, stem rot, white silk disease and aphids were the most serious.

Control of stem rot of cutting seedlings. After two months of cutting, stem rot occurred at the base of the seedling stem, which was caused by individual plants at first, and then spread into a whole cluster. It mainly occurs in high temperature season in summer and autumn. The occurrence and epidemic of the disease mainly depend on the air temperature from July to August. If the disease occurs early, the heat resistance of the seedlings is weak, so the disease will be serious. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the temperature of the soil surface of the seedling bed between summer and autumn to prevent the base of the seedling stem from burning, so as not to cause the wound to cause bacteria to invade; to apply more fertilizer to promote the growth of cutting seedlings and enhance the ability of disease resistance. Using pentachloronitrobenzene + dimethazone powder mixed with water at a concentration of 0.5%, the control effect reached 89%, and carbendazim + methyl thiophanate wettable powder was mixed with water at a concentration of 0.4%. The control effect reached 83%.

Control of white silk disease of cutting seedlings. The disease generally began to occur in the first ten days of June, the peak period was when the temperature rose to about 30 ℃ from July to August, and the peak period was when the temperature reached 35 ℃, and the disease basically stopped at the end of September. Prevention and control measures: strengthening management, building high beds, dredging ditches and drainage; timely loosening the soil and weeding; increasing the application of ammonia fertilizer and organic fertilizer to promote the growth of seedlings and enhance disease resistance; after the incidence of cutting seedlings, it is necessary to clean up diseased plants, fallen leaves and infected substrate in time. Spraying the seedling bed with pentachloronitrobenzene mixed with yellow soil can effectively control the white silk disease of cutting seedlings, and the control effect is more than 95%.

Aphid control. Aphids are one of the main pests of Taxus mairei cutting seedlings in greenhouse. Because the annual temperature in greenhouse is above 18 ℃, aphids do not overwintering in winter. In summer, if the external temperature is not particularly high (≯ 38 ℃) and the cuttings in greenhouse have a certain leaf area, aphids can continue to reproduce and harm. Therefore, aphids occur in the greenhouse in the way of parthenogenesis. Annual reproduction occurs in the greenhouse, and generations overlap. Spraying seedling bed with 10% imidacloprid emulsion can effectively control aphids of cutting seedlings, and the control effect is more than 95%.

Integrated prevention and control technology

Greenhouse disinfection. It is very effective to disinfect the greenhouse before cutting. Disinfection methods: (1) disinfection of greenhouse frames, spraying or fumigating steel brackets, walkways and surrounding plastic films in greenhouse with trisodium phosphate, sulfur, formalin and other insecticidal and disinfectants; (2) disinfection of soil and matrix, disinfection of soil and matrix with formalin, methyl bromide and natural high temperature in summer (3) disinfection of drip irrigation system, washing and soaking disinfection of emitters, droppers, sand filters and mother liquid tanks with nitric acid and formalin solution; (4) disinfection of reservoir, cleaning of debris, sludge and clean water at the bottom of the reservoir, then disinfect the reservoir with formalin or other disinfectants.

Ecological control. Through the regulation of temperature and humidity in the greenhouse, the temperature of the greenhouse is kept at 15 ℃ ~ 18 ℃ at night, about 25 ℃ during the day, and the temperature difference between day and night is less than 10 ℃. In this way, the relative humidity of the greenhouse can be controlled below 90%. The leaf surface of Taxus chinensis var. mairei cuttings will not produce water film, and the pathogen can not invade the leaf tissue to cause the disease. Heating technology is one of the effective measures to control the temperature and humidity in the greenhouse.

Cultivation and management. Pruning and beating old leaves in a timely manner to prevent a microclimate environment conducive to the spread and occurrence of diseases due to overdense branches and leaves; timely removal of residual branches and leaves of diseases and insect pests, keep the greenhouse clean, and reduce the sources of diseases and insect pests as much as possible; strictly formulate and implement production operation rules to prevent operators, visitors and production appliances from becoming disseminators of diseases and insect pests.

Biological control. It is a technology to control the diseases and insect pests of Taxus mairei cutting seedlings by using microbial preparations and beneficial predatory or parasitic insects (that is, natural enemies): using biological insecticides such as insecticides to control aphids, leaf mites and other pests; using natural enemies such as aphid gall mosquitoes, peach aphid cocoon wasps, Chilean small plant mites and other natural enemies to control cutting seedlings and other pests of Taxus mairei.

Chemical control. On the basis of the above four control techniques, if stem rot, white silk disease and aphids are still harmful, chemical or biological pesticides can be selected for one or two times.

Pest control of Taxus chinensis var. mairei

Taxus mairei, also known as Taxus mairei, is a rare tree species integrating advanced timber, garden ornamental and medicinal plants. Contains a natural chemical, paclitaxel. At present, paclitaxel is very tight in the market, and the raw material price is about 200000 yuan / kg for crude paclitaxel with a content of 30%, and about 2 million yuan / kg for high-purity paclitaxel with a content of more than 99.5%. Since the 1980s, Taxus resources have been destroyed and endangered. In 1992, the State Forestry Administration listed it as a first-class precious protected tree species. Our city will music, Ninghua, Datian and other counties have natural growth of the yew. Due to the different environmental conditions, the occurrence and damage characteristics of diseases and insect pests of Taxus chinensis var. mairei in greenhouse are also significantly different from those of Taxus chinensis var. mairei seedlings in the open field. in order to control the diseases and insect pests of Taxus mairei in greenhouse, it is necessary to apply new control strategies and techniques. In order to effectively control the diseases and insect pests of Taxus mairei, experts from relevant departments of our city have been raising seedlings by cutting Taxus since 1975 in Sanming City, Mingxi County and other places. Monitoring, investigation, research and practice were carried out on the occurrence types and characteristics of the main diseases and insect pests during the whole growth period, and comprehensive techniques such as ecological control, physical control, cultivation control, disinfection and chemical control were adopted. The technical system of integrated control of cutting diseases and insect pests of Taxus chinensis var. mairei in greenhouse has been established, and obvious control effect has been achieved. There are 7 kinds of diseases and insect pests in the whole growing period of Taxus chinensis var. mairei cutting seedlings in greenhouse, namely, blight, stem rot, silk blight, Phytophthora, leaf mites, aphids, shell insects and so on. Among them, stem rot, white silk disease and aphids were the most serious. Control of stem rot of cutting seedlings. After two months of cutting, stem rot occurred at the base of the seedling stem, which was caused by individual plants at first, and then spread into a whole cluster. It mainly occurs in high temperature season in summer and autumn. The occurrence and epidemic of the disease mainly depend on the air temperature from July to August. If the disease occurs early, the heat resistance of the seedlings is weak, so the disease will be serious. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the temperature of the soil surface of the seedling bed between summer and autumn to prevent the base of the seedling stem from burning, so as not to cause the wound to cause bacteria to invade; to apply more fertilizer to promote the growth of cutting seedlings and enhance the ability of disease resistance. Using pentachloronitrobenzene + dimethazone powder mixed with water at a concentration of 0.5%, the control effect reached 89%, and carbendazim + methyl thiophanate wettable powder was mixed with water at a concentration of 0.4%. The control effect reached 83%. Control of white silk disease of cutting seedlings. The disease generally began to occur in the first ten days of June, the peak period was when the temperature rose to about 30 ℃ from July to August, and the peak period was when the temperature reached 35 ℃, and the disease basically stopped at the end of September. Prevention and control measures: strengthening management, building high beds, dredging ditches and drainage; timely loosening the soil and weeding; increasing the application of ammonia fertilizer and organic fertilizer to promote the growth of seedlings and enhance disease resistance; after the incidence of cutting seedlings, it is necessary to clean up diseased plants, fallen leaves and infected substrate in time. Spraying the seedling bed with pentachloronitrobenzene mixed with yellow soil can effectively control the white silk disease of cutting seedlings, and the control effect is more than 95%. Aphid control. Aphids are one of the main pests of Taxus mairei cutting seedlings in greenhouse. Because the annual temperature in greenhouse is above 18 ℃, aphids do not overwintering in winter. In summer, if the external temperature is not particularly high (≯ 38 ℃) and the cuttings in greenhouse have a certain leaf area, aphids can continue to reproduce and harm. Therefore, aphids occur in the greenhouse in the way of parthenogenesis. Annual reproduction occurs in the greenhouse, and generations overlap. Spraying seedling bed with 10% imidacloprid emulsion can effectively control aphids of cutting seedlings, and the control effect is more than 95%. Comprehensive prevention and control technology greenhouse disinfection. It is very effective to disinfect the greenhouse before cutting. Disinfection methods: (1) disinfection of greenhouse frames, spraying or fumigating steel brackets, walkways and surrounding plastic films in greenhouse with trisodium phosphate, sulfur, formalin and other insecticidal and disinfectants; (2) disinfection of soil and matrix, disinfection of soil and matrix with formalin, methyl bromide and natural high temperature in summer (3) disinfection of drip irrigation system, washing and soaking disinfection of emitters, droppers, sand filters and mother liquid tanks with nitric acid and formalin solution; (4) disinfection of reservoir, cleaning of debris, sludge and clean water at the bottom of the reservoir, then disinfect the reservoir with formalin or other disinfectants. Ecological control. Through the regulation of temperature and humidity in the greenhouse, the temperature of the greenhouse is kept at 15 ℃ ~ 18 ℃ at night, about 25 ℃ during the day, and the temperature difference between day and night is less than 10 ℃. In this way, the relative humidity of the greenhouse can be controlled below 90%. The leaf surface of Taxus chinensis var. mairei cuttings will not produce water film, and the pathogen can not invade the leaf tissue to cause the disease. Heating technology is one of the effective measures to control the temperature and humidity in the greenhouse. Cultivation and management. Pruning and beating old leaves in a timely manner to prevent a microclimate environment conducive to the spread and occurrence of diseases due to overdense branches and leaves; timely removal of residual branches and leaves of diseases and insect pests, keep the greenhouse clean, and reduce the sources of diseases and insect pests as much as possible; strictly formulate and implement production operation rules to prevent operators, visitors and production appliances from becoming disseminators of diseases and insect pests. Biological control. It is a technology to control the diseases and insect pests of Taxus mairei cutting seedlings by using microbial preparations and beneficial predatory or parasitic insects (that is, natural enemies): using biological insecticides such as insecticides to control aphids, leaf mites and other pests; using natural enemies such as aphid gall mosquitoes, peach aphid cocoon wasps, Chilean small plant mites and other natural enemies to control cutting seedlings and other pests of Taxus mairei. Chemical control. On the basis of the above four control techniques, if stem rot, white silk disease and aphids are still harmful, chemical or biological pesticides can be selected for one or two times.