Key points of cultivation and pest control of Photinia rubra

Photinia rubra is named for its new leaves and bright red buds. Photinia rubra has high ornamental value regardless of spring and summer. Spring and autumn two seasons, red leaf heather new shoots and tender leaves red, colorful and lasting, very vital. In the summer heat season, the leaves turn bright green, giving a fresh and cool feeling.

The cuttage propagation method of Photinia rubra is more suitable for the majority of nursery growers. Choose light clay loam or sandy loam with good water source and high terrain as nursery land, adhere to the rotation system, and do not continuously cultivate the same species of Photinia rubra in the same nursery land. Nursery soil should be disinfected in advance when breeding seedlings. Carbendazim, formalin, ferrous sulfate, pentachloronitrobenzene, etc. can be selected for disinfection. Refer to the instructions for specific use.

Select seeds before sowing, eliminate diseased and weak seeds, and carry out drug treatment. Soak seeds in 0.3%~0.5% potassium permanganate solution for half an hour to 1 hour or soak seeds in warm water of 50 DEG C for 24 hours. Then take out sinking seeds and soak seeds in 0.2% formalin solution for 30 minutes. After taking out, suffocate for 2 hours. It can also be soaked in 0.5%~1% copper sulfate solution for 1 ~2 hours, then the seeds are picked up and washed with water, dried in the shade and sown at the right time.

The transplanting time of seedlings is generally from March to April in spring and from October to November in autumn, which should be determined in combination with local climatic conditions. The planting spacing depends on the nursery time and cultivation objectives. If it is planned to be sold as an annual shrub, the plant spacing is preferably 35 cm x 35 cm or 40 cm x 40 cm, with about 3,000 plants per mu.

In the seedling stage after planting, special attention should be paid to water management. In case of continuous sunny days, water should be poured once 3 - 4 days after transplanting, and then water should be poured once every 10 days; in case of continuous rainy days, water should be drained in time. After about 15 days, the seedlings can be fertilized after the seedling stage. Fertilization should be based on the principle of thin fertilizer and frequent application. Urea should be applied once every half month in spring at a dosage of about 5 kg/mu. Compound fertilizer should be applied once every half month in summer and autumn at a dosage of 5 kg/mu. Organic fertilizer should be applied once in winter at a dosage of 1500 kg/mu. It is better to apply it in furrows.

Common diseases and insect pests of red leaf heather include blight, damping-off disease, leaf spot disease, gray mold, leaf spot disease, anthracnose or scale insect damage, etc. These infectious diseases often cause large-scale death of red leaf heather in a short period of time and bring serious losses to seedling farmers.

Botrytis cinerea can be prevented by spraying 50% carbendazim 1000 times solution, and 50% zineb 800 times solution can be used for prevention and control during the onset period. Leaf spot disease can be controlled by 60% carbendazim 300-400 times solution or thiophane 300-400 times solution. Scale insects can be sprayed with dimethoate emulsion 200 times or 800-1000 times. Silkworm control should be carried out before planting, the land should be properly deep ploughed, and spread phosphorus pesticides such as soil insects kill. If the soil silkworm is harmed after planting, it needs to be remedied in time, otherwise it will spread and do great harm, especially to the red leaf heather in seedling stage, which may cause large-scale death.

The above about the cultivation of red leaf heather and pest control, I hope to be helpful to your planting, if you have any questions, welcome to leave a message to ask questions, you can also pay attention to Huinong micro-signal "hnw8688", to bring you more agricultural technology knowledge answers.

Efficient Cultivation Techniques of Photinia rubra and Control of Main Diseases and Pests

How to cut red leaves? What preparations should be made before transplanting red leaf heather? The following is a small series of Huinong nets to learn the transplanting preparation and breeding of red leaf heather and the cultivation of pest control.

1 Characteristics and functions of red leaf heather

Photinia rubra likes light, likes sand, bears shade slightly, has strong cold and drought resistance, strong salt and alkali resistance, fast growth speed, good germination, strong ecological adaptability, good resistance to harmful gases, good pruning resistance, easy transplanting and shaping, and can be combined with other greening plants according to the specific needs of greening.

With the continuous development of social economy, people's requirements for living environment are getting higher and higher, which promotes the rapid development of greening construction and makes landscape greening put forward new requirements for plant collocation. The evergreen red-leaf tree species used in landscape greening in many areas of China are very rare, Berberia rubra and Safflower small wood are common, but the leaves of these two plants are not high in leather quality, compared with Photinia rubra, cold tolerance is poor, and the soil suitable for planting red flowers is mostly acidic. Although Berberia rubra has strong soil adaptability, this tree species is mainly deciduous or semi-evergreen.

In addition, the leaves of these two plants were dark purple, ornamental is not good, can not be compared with the red leaves of Photinia rubra. The introduction of red leaf Photinia can not only enrich the variety of garden plants, increase the amount of urban greening, continuously improve the city's grade, but also beautify the environment and purify the air; at the same time, it can also play the role of wind protection, dust prevention and noise reduction, and can effectively reduce sunlight radiation heat in summer, adjust air humidity, which is conducive to the improvement of urban residents 'quality of life and the improvement of urban ecological environment.

2 Cultivation techniques

2.1 transplanting

2.1.1 Selection and arrangement of cultivation sites

When introducing and cultivating Photinia rubra, we must select and arrange the transplanting site. Should try to choose the soil layer is relatively deep and soft fertile places, to ensure the drainage performance of the soil, as far as possible close to the water source. If the soil is hardened, sticky and poorly ventilated, it must be improved. Before transplanting, need to do a good job of fertilization, with decomposed manure and calcium superphosphate as base fertilizer, fertilization should be uniform. When ploughing the soil, it should reach a depth of more than 25 cm, and add 20% ~ 30% of old bran ash to the planting soil, so that the air permeability and water permeability of the soil can be enhanced.

2.1.2 Selection and treatment of cuttings

Under normal circumstances, red leaf heather can be cultivated by cutting method. It is necessary to select healthy branches without diseases and insect pests, and cut about 8 cm from the plants as cuttings. In the process of treatment, the scissors should be disinfected with alcohol, and then the branches should be cut into sections, each section of branches should leave one leaf, so as to improve the survival rate, and the branches should be ensured to have sufficient moisture during the cutting process.

2.1.3 Technical highlights

In the process of transplanting seedlings, it is necessary to ensure the integrity of the root soil ball, and carefully remove the nutrient bowl, dig holes at fixed points, control the transplanting depth, preferably consistent with the planting depth before transplanting, pile fine soil on the roots, so that the roots can be stretched out, and then compact the soil, so that the transplanted seedlings are arranged neatly, and water the roots in time. Then spread straw on the seedbed to prevent weeds and moisturize.

2.2 cultivation and management

2.2.1 Water and light management

During the period of slow seedling, water should be watered in time. If it encounters continuous sunny days, water should be watered once after 4 days of transplanting, and then every 10 days. If the rainy season, frequent precipitation, you need to do a good job of drainage work, but also to do a good job of protective measures, in the seedbed covered with straw, to avoid seedling roots were burned. In the early stage of seedling transplantation, in order to improve the survival rate of seedlings, it is necessary to carry out shading treatment. When the female seedlings can pick ears, they should be covered with shading net to effectively control the loss of water in the ears.

2.2.2 Nutrient management

Urea should be applied 15 days after transplanting seedlings in March and April, compound fertilizer should be applied in May and June, urea should be applied again in July and August, decomposed organic fertilizer should be applied in November and December, mainly in furrows. Compound fertilizer and urea are applied simultaneously with loosening and weeding, and are applied between rows to avoid damage to leaves, branches and rhizomes of seedlings. Remove weeds when they are newly born, and ensure the quality of removal; loosen soil and weed after rain and sunny days, so as to avoid soil hardening and affect the normal growth of red leaf heather.

2.2.3 Management of pruning

Pruning work is usually carried out before germination or after the growth of new shoots. The degree of pruning is determined according to the actual situation of tree growth. Generally, the principle of removing weak and leaving strong is adhered to. The medium growth can be treated according to the overall growth, so that the beauty of the tree can be guaranteed. It is forbidden to leave dead piles during pruning. Pruning is combined with fertilizer and water supplement. If the seedlings shoot quickly, they need to be pruned for many times, which is conducive to promoting branching and avoiding the phenomenon of tall, thin or disconnected trees.

2.2.4 Winter management

The following points should be paid attention to when managing Photinia rubra in winter: (1) to prevent the problem of frozen soil damaging roots, frozen soil layer will lead to physiological drought of plants and cause plant death, so planting in areas with frozen soil layer, especially for Photinia rubra planted in the same year, soil anti-freezing measures should be taken to protect the roots of plants. Generally, the surface should be covered half a month before the frozen soil layer is produced, so that the soil temperature can be effectively controlled;(2) cleaning branches with diseases and insect pests to reduce the occurrence probability of diseases and insect pests in the next year; and (3) applying winter fertilizer to ensure the growth of new shoots in the next year, thereby enhancing the viewing effect. (4) In order to make the germination of new shoots in spring have certain compactness and consistency and ensure the ornamental effect, light pruning should be completed in January according to the use of products. Photinia rubra is widely used in urban greening in China. The maintenance time and measures in winter should be determined according to the actual situation in winter. Only in this way can the effect of maintenance work be effectively guaranteed.

2.3 pest control

2.3.1 Leaf spot disease

Leaf spot mainly damages new stems and leaves of Photinia rubra. Brown spots appear on the surface of leaves at the initial stage, and gradually become diagonal spots with the aggravation of the disease. The front of leaves is reddish brown spots, while the back spots are yellow brown. When the disease is serious, the spots will be massive, resulting in plant death. In winter and spring, litter was collected intensively to eliminate the overwintering disease source. Bordeaux mixture was sprayed every 10 ~ 15 days in March and early June. 50% carbendazim or thiophanate-methyl could be used to control the disease at 300 ~ 400 times.

2.3.2 Red spiders

Red spiders mainly feed on tender leaves. After the leaves are damaged, abnormal proliferation occurs in epidermal cells. Controlling reproduction with disease or invasion of disease source is the basic way to control red spider. Before budding in spring, 20% dicofol 800 times solution can be sprayed for prevention; when the pest is serious, 0.02% ~ 0.05% chlorfenapyr solution mixed with 0.5 Baume sulfur mixture or 40% dimethoate emulsion 800 times solution can be used for prevention.

3.3 Aphids

Aphids can cause leaf deformity, curl and shrinkage, and also secrete honeydew to cause leaf virus disease or coal pollution disease, and aphids reproduce a large amount, easy to cause disasters in dry seasons. When controlling aphids, we should not only improve the light transmission and ventilation conditions of planting sites, but also adopt corresponding chemical control methods. When the temperature rises in spring, we should use 40% dimethoate emulsion of 1200 ~ 1500 times to poison the hatched eggs; March ~ October belongs to the high incidence period of aphids, so we should spray aphids or aphids properly every 7 days to avoid adult infestation.

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Key points of disease and insect control techniques in Photinia rubra cultivation 1. Selection of seedlings

When purchasing seedlings, we should choose suppliers with good reputation and quality after-sales service to ensure the purity of varieties and reduce production risks. Zhejiang Senhe Seed Co., Ltd. is a large-scale company developing Photinia rubra in China at present. Its seedling technology is leading. The seedlings provided are all high-quality container seedlings. The product consistency is good. The root system is developed, especially when transplanted with substrate. The survival rate is almost 100%. And it grows rapidly after transplantation.

2. Selection and arrangement of nursery land

The planting soil is loose, fertile, slightly acidic to neutral, easy to irrigate and well drained. Before planting, 3000 kg of decomposed manure and 50 kg of calcium superphosphate are applied per mu, the soil tillage depth is more than 25 cm, and pesticides are applied to control underground pests. After ploughing, the soil will be leveled, drainage ditch opened, do seedbed, bed width of about 1 meter.

3. seedling transplanting

The transplanting time of seedlings is generally from March to April in spring and from October to November in autumn, which should be determined in combination with local climatic conditions. The planting spacing depends on the nursery time and cultivation objectives. If the plan is to cultivate annual shrubs for sale, the appropriate plant spacing is 35×35 cm or 40×40 cm, and about 3000 plants per mu.

When transplanting seedlings, carefully remove the packaging or take off the nutrition bowl to ensure that the root soil ball is complete, dig holes at fixed points, use fine mounds at the roots, and make the roots stretch and compact gently. After planting, the root fixing water shall be poured thoroughly in time.

4. cultivation and management

In the seedling stage after planting, special attention should be paid to water management. In case of continuous sunny days, water should be poured once 3-4 days after transplanting, and then water should be poured every 10 days or so; in case of continuous rainy days, water should be drained in time. After about 15 days, the seedlings can be fertilized after the seedling stage. Urea is applied once every half month in spring at a dosage of about 5 kg/mu, compound fertilizer is applied once every half month in summer and autumn at a dosage of 5 kg/mu, decomposed organic fertilizer is applied once in winter at a dosage of 1500 kg/mu, and it is better to apply it in furrows. Fertilization should be based on the principle of thin fertilizer and frequent application, not too much at one time, so as not to hurt roots and burn seedlings. Weeding and loosening should be done in time to prevent soil hardening.

5, pest control

Photinia rubra has strong resistance and no destructive diseases and insect pests have been found. However, if not properly managed or nursery environment is poor, gray mold, leaf spot disease or by scale insects may occur. Botrytis cinerea can be prevented by spraying 50% carbendazim 1000 times solution, and 50% zineb 800 times solution can be used for prevention and control during the onset period. Leaf spot disease can be controlled by 50% carbendazim 300 - 400 times solution or thiophane 300-400 times solution. Scale insects can be sprayed with dimethoate emulsion 200 times or 800 to 1000 times.