Key points for spring conservation of orchids

People usually refer to spring from the Beginning of Spring to Grain Rain. From the habit of orchids, cold orchids and ink orchids are in the late flowering stage, spring orchids are in full bloom, cymbidium is the initial flowering stage, and all kinds of orchids have entered a new growth period. The spring maintenance of orchids needs to pay attention to the following points:

Although orchids with light and temperature are semi-shade plants, the soft sunshine in spring is very beneficial and necessary for the growth and development of orchids. No matter the orchid plants are cultivated indoors or outdoors, the orchid pot should be moved to the sunny place as far as possible to receive full light. Such as orchid basin, orchid room lack of light, can be used to supplement the light source. The orchid basin can also be moved to the outdoor leeward and sunny place in sunny weather to receive sunlight, which can not only carry out photosynthesis, but also increase the temperature of the orchid plant. The time must be controlled between 10:00 and 4 p.m., especially not carelessly, leaving it outdoors for the night, hit by frost and cold winds. Thread art, crystal art and picture spot art can only accept light for a short time to prevent the degradation of leaf art. The temperature of orchid shed or orchid room in early spring should be kept above 5 ℃, and 10 ℃ ~ 15 ℃ for budding spring orchids. Occasionally encounter snow, rain, cold current, should close the doors and windows to prevent the attack of cold wind. If freezing occurs outside and the room temperature drops below 5 ℃, it is necessary to try to increase the temperature to keep the room temperature above 0 ℃. Orchid plants that are placed outdoors in winter or out in early spring must be covered with double-layer plastic film on rainy, snowy days and at night to avoid freezing damage.

Watering and fertilization has just entered the spring, the temperature is still very low, some varieties are still in the dormant period, water evaporation is slow; water demand is very little, it is generally seen that the plant surface is dry, and then irrigate the right amount of water. For Cymbidium which is about to open and Cymbidium which is pregnant with buds, it should be watered more frequently, but it should be moist with plant material. Since then, with the gradual rise of temperature, new roots and new buds sprout, the frequency of watering and the amount of water should be increased accordingly, but the basin soil should not be too wet, otherwise it is easy to cause rotten roots and buds. When the temperature rises above 20 ℃ or the weather is dry, you can spray or spray water to keep the relative air humidity between 30% and 50%. When the temperature in the early stage is below 15 ℃, except for applying phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to Cymbidium, fertilizing Cymbidium in the middle stage and promoting flowering, other orchids should not be fertilized. Comprehensive fertilization can be applied at the temperature of 15 ℃ ~ 20 ℃, but the principle of "frequent application of thin fertilizer" should be adhered to, mainly nitrogen fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, usually once every half a month, and foliar spraying of 0.12 phosphoric acid: potassium dihydrogen to promote root sprouting, cultivate strong plants and enhance disease resistance.

The departure time of orchids and antifreeze orchids should be determined according to the local temperature. Due to the large temperature difference between the south and the north of our country, the time of leaving the room cannot be generalized, usually the south comes out first and the north comes out later. The proverb "Spring does not come out" is completely in line with the climatic characteristics of the north. The specific time should be controlled between Qingming Festival and Grain Rain, or the temperature is stable above 20 ℃, it is easy to suffer frost injury when leaving the room too early, and the growth will be affected if it is too late. Before leaving the room, the doors and windows of the orchid shed and orchid room must be opened on the 2nd day to make them ventilated and gradually adapt to the outdoor climate. However, due to the changeable climate in spring and large temperature fluctuations, orchids should still pay attention to cold protection and warmth after coming out of the room. Must pay attention to watch the local weather forecast, in case of late spring cold, continuous rain, flying snow, frost, to take timely anti-freezing measures, or covered with plastic film, or moved indoors to avoid serious losses.

The time of changing pots and ramet orchids depends on the size of orchid pots, the number of plants, and the strength of growth. Generally, large pot strong seedlings are replaced once every 2 years, medium seedlings and weak seedlings are replaced once every 3 years, and high tube and small pot strong seedlings are replaced once a year. When changing the basin, take the orchid plant out of the basin, shake the soil, wash the orchid root to dry, and then soak in 0.12 potassium permanganate solution for 10 minutes for sterilization. It is best to replace the new plant material at the same time and replant it in the pot. According to the requirements of spring flowering after autumn and summer and autumn flowering in spring, the corresponding plants of Cymbidium and Jianlan were divided at the same time of changing pots. Before ramet, water should be deducted to make the basin soil slightly dry and the root system soft. after rising the seedling, cut off the rotten root and old leaf, and when the root turns white, cut or break it from the wide place between the bulbs, and each clump had better have new buds or hidden buds. For the purpose of production, it can be divided into many or even individual plants, and for ornamental purposes, 5-6 plants can be divided into 1 clump, which is easy to sprout and blossom. Cut wounds should be smeared with plant ash or sulfur powder, dry slightly and then put on the basin. The water shall be watered from the edge of the basin or fed by the soaking method, and the plant material on the basin surface shall be moistened. Put the orchid basin in the shade or scattered light first, often spray water to moisturize, and move to the sunny place after half a month for routine maintenance.

The weather of disease prevention and pest control is warm in spring, which is the season for the breeding and spread of germs harmful to orchids, and it is also a good time to sterilize and prevent diseases in orchid fields. -it is necessary to do a good job in the cleanliness and hygiene of orchid cultivation sites, pay attention to ventilation and light transmission, strengthen scientific management, enhance the immune ability of orchid plants, and prevent or reduce the occurrence of diseases. Second, disinfect and sterilize with drugs. The commonly used fungicides are topzine, carbendazim, Dysen zinc, stone-sulfur mixture, Bordeaux liquid, etc., choose one or two kinds of mixture, spray the front and back of orchid leaves, bulbs and rhizosphere plants, generally spray once in 15-20 days, three times in a row, can have a good effect. Once the disease occurs, it is necessary to differentiate and treat the disease and control the disease. If you find some insect pests, you should use medicine according to them and wipe them out in time.

Key points of spring maintenance of potted flowers for all kinds of flowers, the temperature difference between morning and evening in spring is large, sometimes even below zero, and sometimes there will be late frost or cold snap, so it is necessary to keep the potted soil dry and do a good job of anti-freezing. This season, the management is what kind of flowers, should be out of the room a little later, not too early. Key points of spring conservation of potted flowers for June snow, pomegranate, rose and other flower varieties with strong cold protection, pots and soil should be changed in the edge of the season. Basin soil requires a certain amount of mountain mud and humus soil. For flowers and trees that are blooming or appreciating fruit, it is best to change pots and soil after the flowers and fruits fall, such as kumquat, camellia, rhododendron and so on. For the semi-dormant big leaf mast, hanging orchid and so on, the basin should be changed later. For cold-fearing flowers and trees, such as Milan, Zhulan, jasmine, epiphyllum, arrow lotus, as well as most foliage plants such as rubber trees and rich trees, they should continue to keep warm and change pots and soil after Qingming Festival. Key points of maintenance of potted flowers in spring according to the characteristics of different flowers, necessary pruning and coring can be carried out in spring. It is necessary to re-cut the rose and mulberry that bloom on the annual branches and remove withered branches, disease and insect branches and overdense branches that affect ventilation and light. For camellia, Yingchun, rhododendron, gardenia, etc., only need to cut off the diseased and overdense branches. Key points of spring maintenance of potted flowers should be properly watered in early spring, dry and wet, not too much. Late spring temperature is slightly higher, the sun is stronger, watering can be a little more frequent. The general principle of watering in spring is that if you do not dry or water thoroughly, do not accumulate water in the basin, the watering time should be carried out before noon, and you should pay attention to loosening the soil in time after each watering. Key points of spring conservation of potted flowers in addition, spring is also the season for flower reproduction, and many varieties can be cut, planted and sown in spring. For rose, welcome spring, pomegranate, etc., you can cut branches and cuttings; for orchids, asparagus, hanging orchids, etc., you can also carry out ramet propagation; to mimosa, string red, peacock grass, morning glory and other herbaceous flowers, you can also use sowing or on-demand reproduction. Key points of maintenance of potted flowers in spring

The temperature difference between morning and evening in early spring is very large, sometimes the temperature at night will be below zero, and sometimes there will be late frost or cold snap. At this time, keeping the basin soil dry and doing a good job of anti-freezing is still the key. It is best not to ventilate for a long time, let alone put the plant in the place of air convection. Therefore, potted flowers should come out of the house a little later and not too early in spring, and should be slow rather than urgent. Generally speaking, the method of window ventilation can be taken about 10 days before leaving the room, so that it can gradually adapt to the external temperature; you can leave the room in the morning and enter the room in the afternoon; leave the room in cloudy days, but not in windy days.

Change the pot for sap sprouting potted flowers, such as June snow, pomegranate, rose and other flowers and trees with strong cold protection, planted for several years, the basin has been too small, should be carried out at this time to change the soil. The basin soil should have a certain amount of mountain mud, and other humus soil can be used. For flowers and trees that are blooming or appreciating fruit, they should wait for flowers and fruits to fall, such as kumquat, camellia, rhododendron and so on. For flowers and trees in a semi-dormant state, such as big leaf masts, hanging orchids, etc., pots can be changed before and after the Qingming Festival. For cold-fearing flowers and trees, such as Milan, Zhulan, jasmine, epiphyllum, arrow lotus, as well as most foliage plants such as rubber trees and rich trees, they should continue to keep warm from the cold, and change pots and soil after Qingming Festival.

Pruning according to the growth characteristics of different kinds of flowers, pruning, root pruning, heart-picking and leaf-picking and so on. The rose, mulberry and poinsettia that bloom on the annual branches can be re-cut to remove withered branches, disease and insect branches and overdense branches that affect ventilation and light. For rhododendron, camellia, Yingchun, gardenia, etc., which bloom on biennial branches, it is usually only necessary to cut off diseased and over-dense branches.

Water and fertilizer management to fertilize flowers in early spring, we should grasp the principle of "thin fertilizer less, gradually increase", should apply fully mature thin cake fertilizer and water, the number of times should be from less to more. The time of fertilization in spring should be in the sunny evening.

Early spring watering should also pay attention to the right amount, should see dry and wet, do not water too much at once. In late spring, the temperature is higher, the sun is stronger, the evaporation is larger, watering should be diligent, and the amount of water should also be increased. In short, watering potted flowers in spring should grasp the principle of not drying and watering, watering must be thoroughly watered, and avoid stagnant water in the basin. Watering time should be carried out before noon, and the soil should be loosened in time after each watering.

Breeding in spring is the best time for cutting, planting and sowing potted flowers. Such as rose, geranium, spring, pomegranate, etc., can be cut off robust branches for cutting; orchid, asparagus, orchid, can be propagated; such as mimosa, impatiens, morning glory, string red, peacock, marigold, colorful pepper and other herbaceous flowers, can be sown or on demand for reproduction.

Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests in spring is the season of flowers in full bloom, but it is also the period when diseases and insect pests begin to multiply, so it is necessary to check frequently, detect early, prevent early, and treat early. The common pests in spring are aphids, red spiders, whitefly, shell insects, etc., and the common diseases are powdery mildew, rust, black spot and yellowing. Melon and leaf chrysanthemum, dahlia, impatiens and rose are easy to get powdery mildew; crabapple, rose, peony and bamboo are easy to get rust; peach, rose and plum blossom are vulnerable to aphids; camellia, pomegranate, rhododendron, rose, hibiscus, clove, begonia and evergreen are vulnerable to shell insects, which should be prevented and controlled early.

(the author's unit is the Garden Administration Bureau of Hengshui City, Hebei Province.)