Key points of maintenance techniques of orchids in summer and autumn

Orchids native to the valley under the forest, sexual shade, afraid of the sun; avoid extreme heat, dry, requires a well-ventilated environment. According to this growth habit, the conservation of orchids in summer and autumn should pay attention to four points:

Shading and ventilated orchids should be shaded from early summer to the end of September, and the shade should not be less than 70%. When shading, a large amount of sunshade net is used, and a small amount is placed on the north balcony and under the eaves. During this period, the plants should be sparse, and the pots and pots should not be less than 10 cm. Under the basin, it is best to use bricks to support it, increase the ventilation rate, and make it ventilated. In addition, it is also necessary to prevent the pollution of harmful substances such as sulfur dioxide, hydrogen fluoride and dust to promote its robust growth.

The suitable temperature for cooling and humidifying orchid is 20 ℃-28 ℃. The orchid grows rapidly above 25 ℃. When it exceeds 32 ℃, it is forced to enter the dormancy period and the growth is in a stagnant state. When the temperature reaches 30 ℃, it is necessary to take measures of cooling and humidification. Open-air cultivation, can be on the ground covered with river sand or plastic film, raised on the balcony, under the basin pad sponge, often keep moist.

Spray the plants many times a day and sprinkle water on the ground. Indoor cultivation can be with the help of air conditioning or electric fan. Try to keep the temperature below 30 ℃ and keep the air humidity above 70%. Watering and fertilization at present, most of the orchids are cultivated in soil, and most of them are potted. Pot soil moisture should adhere to the "moist but not wet, dry but not dry" principle, watering should be carried out when the topsoil is slightly white, do not overwatering, resulting in rotten roots.

From midsummer to early autumn, it is generally watered once in the morning, and watered as appropriate in the evening depending on the degree of dryness and wetness of the basin soil. If the basin soil is found to be dry after noon, water should be replenished at any time. After mid-autumn, although the climate is getting cooler, but the air is dry, according to the requirements of "autumn is not dry", it is appropriate to keep the basin soil moist. Fertilizing orchids should be based on the principle of small amount, thinness, frequent watering and timely, especially in summer and autumn.

From May to September, fertilizer should be applied according to different orchid species and different growth stages. For the orchid plants in the dormant period or when the temperature is above 30 ℃, the fertilization will be suspended. Liquid fertilizer is usually applied once every 15-20 days, the ratio of fertilizer to water is 1:10, and solid fertilizer is used indoors. Multi-purpose chemical fertilizer is produced on a large scale, and the concentration is about 0.1%. The concentration of foliar fertilizer spraying is prepared according to the product description. Disease prevention and insect control orchid is a plant with many diseases and insect pests, especially in high temperature and humidity season. The peak period of anthracnose is from June to September, and carbendazim and topiramate have better control effect.

White silk disease is drenched with chloramphenicol injection, once a day, twice a day, the disease can be controlled. Scale insects are the archenemy of orchids. Adults are removed manually. Larvae hatch from May to June and are sprayed with drugs. Aphids and whiteflies are sprayed with 500 times of 10% wettable powder for 2 consecutive times.

The maintenance of orchids in winter should be led in winter. How to strengthen the conservation of orchids is the key to the exuberant growth and flowering of orchids in the coming year. In order to maintain and manage orchids well in winter, different management measures must be taken according to different varieties and characteristics of orchids. According to the practical experience of cultivating orchids in recent years, the author believes that in order to manage orchids well during overwintering, the following maintenance and management measures must be taken: first, entering the house to keep warm into winter, the weather is getting colder, especially often attacked by cold currents, so orchids placed outdoors must be moved indoors to the sun in time; such as people living in buildings, it is better to place orchid pots in a sunny closed balcony. This orientation can receive sunlight sooner or later, which is very beneficial to the growth, budding and flowering of orchids. For overwintering orchids, the room temperature should be controlled between 5mi and 15C. If the room temperature is too low, it will not play the role of preventing cold and keeping warm. Too high will also affect the dormancy of orchids. But for winter cold orchid and ink orchid should keep the room temperature a little higher, but not more than 15C. If the room temperature is too high, the flower stem grows slowly and the flower bud develops poorly, which is easy to make the formed flower bud shrink and die. For hardy orchids, it is necessary to have a low temperature of about 0C for 4 weeks to complete the function of spring dormancy and vernalization, and then spring orchids can blossom. Therefore, it is most suitable for Cymbidium to control the room temperature between 3mur8C and 8C. Second, control watering "should not be dry in summer and autumn and not wet in winter and spring". This is the orchid cultivation experience summed up by our predecessors. Orchids are mostly dormant in winter, and their physiological activities almost stop. At this time, less water is needed and the basin soil is slightly moist and can survive the winter safely. If the basin soil is really dry, spray it with the same or similar water as the room temperature around noon in sunny and warm weather, so that the basin soil is slightly wet and do not flood, so as to prevent the basin soil from freezing or rotting the roots. It is best to water with rain and snow water, not with tap water just released. If no rain and snow water needs to be poured with tap water, the tap water should be dried for one or two days before it can be watered with chlorine. When watering, it should be poured from the edge of the basin, so that it gradually flows into the flower root, until the flower root is wet. Avoid watering leaves and orchid cores. Third, fertilizer control and light-increasing orchid hibernation generally do not need fertilization. The orchid root is thick and long without whisker root, and there is symbiosis of root fungi in the root. In general, when orchids change soil and pots for one or two years, the soil contains sufficient nutrients and can not be fertilized at all in winter. However, during the growing period, Chunlan and Hanlan can spray less phosphate and potassium fertilizer on the leaves, and 1500 times 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or compound trace elements can be used. In addition, in the indoor, orchids can give more light, which light is insufficient, can be supplemented with light. If the orchid has enough light in winter, it is beneficial to the growth and flowering of the following year. At the same time, it can also improve the cold resistance of the orchid overwintering. Fourth, timely ventilation orchids like warm and need air circulation, afraid of smoke and dust pollution. On the other hand, in the northern region, people often light stoves to keep warm indoors, and there are many fumes and dirty gases in the room. At this time, keep the orchid pot away from the stove. At the same time should be in the sunny and warm weather around noon, open the doors and windows to breathe, you can also put the pot end to the outdoor shelter to see the sun, so that the orchid plant to absorb fresh air. The orchid on the closed balcony should also open the window door to make the air circulate. When the temperature drops, you should immediately close the doors and windows and put the pot end into the room to avoid freezing damage to the orchid plant. Fifth, to prevent diseases and insect pests, such as orchids overwintering indoors or on a closed balcony, when the temperature and humidity are slightly higher, once diseases and insect pests are found, they should be sprayed in time. Protective spraying should also be carried out at ordinary times, such as spraying basin soil, orchid plants and the environment around the basin with Bordeaux liquid, so as to prevent or reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests in the following year. Key points for spring conservation of orchids

People usually refer to spring from the Beginning of Spring to Grain Rain. From the habit of orchids, cold orchids and ink orchids are in the late flowering stage, spring orchids are in full bloom, cymbidium is the initial flowering stage, and all kinds of orchids have entered a new growth period. The spring maintenance of orchids needs to pay attention to the following points:

Although orchids with light and temperature are semi-shade plants, the soft sunshine in spring is very beneficial and necessary for the growth and development of orchids. No matter the orchid plants are cultivated indoors or outdoors, the orchid pot should be moved to the sunny place as far as possible to receive full light. Such as orchid basin, orchid room lack of light, can be used to supplement the light source. The orchid basin can also be moved to the outdoor leeward and sunny place in sunny weather to receive sunlight, which can not only carry out photosynthesis, but also increase the temperature of the orchid plant. The time must be controlled between 10:00 and 4 p.m., especially not carelessly, leaving it outdoors for the night, hit by frost and cold winds. Thread art, crystal art and picture spot art can only accept light for a short time to prevent the degradation of leaf art. The temperature of orchid shed or orchid room in early spring should be kept above 5 ℃, and 10 ℃ ~ 15 ℃ for budding spring orchids. Occasionally encounter snow, rain, cold current, should close the doors and windows to prevent the attack of cold wind. If freezing occurs outside and the room temperature drops below 5 ℃, it is necessary to try to increase the temperature to keep the room temperature above 0 ℃. Orchid plants that are placed outdoors in winter or out in early spring must be covered with double-layer plastic film on rainy, snowy days and at night to avoid freezing damage.

Watering and fertilization has just entered the spring, the temperature is still very low, some varieties are still in the dormant period, water evaporation is slow; water demand is very little, it is generally seen that the plant surface is dry, and then irrigate the right amount of water. For Cymbidium which is about to open and Cymbidium which is pregnant with buds, it should be watered more frequently, but it should be moist with plant material. Since then, with the gradual rise of temperature, new roots and new buds sprout, the frequency of watering and the amount of water should be increased accordingly, but the basin soil should not be too wet, otherwise it is easy to cause rotten roots and buds. When the temperature rises above 20 ℃ or the weather is dry, you can spray or spray water to keep the relative air humidity between 30% and 50%. When the temperature in the early stage is below 15 ℃, except for applying phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to Cymbidium, fertilizing Cymbidium in the middle stage and promoting flowering, other orchids should not be fertilized. Comprehensive fertilization can be applied at the temperature of 15 ℃ ~ 20 ℃, but the principle of "frequent application of thin fertilizer" should be adhered to, mainly nitrogen fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, usually once every half a month, and foliar spraying of 0.12 phosphoric acid: potassium dihydrogen to promote root sprouting, cultivate strong plants and enhance disease resistance.

The departure time of orchids and antifreeze orchids should be determined according to the local temperature. Due to the large temperature difference between the south and the north of our country, the time of leaving the room cannot be generalized, usually the south comes out first and the north comes out later. The proverb "Spring does not come out" is completely in line with the climatic characteristics of the north. The specific time should be controlled between Qingming Festival and Grain Rain, or the temperature is stable above 20 ℃, it is easy to suffer frost injury when leaving the room too early, and the growth will be affected if it is too late. Before leaving the room, the doors and windows of the orchid shed and orchid room must be opened on the 2nd day to make them ventilated and gradually adapt to the outdoor climate. However, due to the changeable climate in spring and large temperature fluctuations, orchids should still pay attention to cold protection and warmth after coming out of the room. Must pay attention to watch the local weather forecast, in case of late spring cold, continuous rain, flying snow, frost, to take timely anti-freezing measures, or covered with plastic film, or moved indoors to avoid serious losses.

The time of changing pots and ramet orchids depends on the size of orchid pots, the number of plants, and the strength of growth. Generally, large pot strong seedlings are replaced once every 2 years, medium seedlings and weak seedlings are replaced once every 3 years, and high tube and small pot strong seedlings are replaced once a year. When changing the basin, take the orchid plant out of the basin, shake the soil, wash the orchid root to dry, and then soak in 0.12 potassium permanganate solution for 10 minutes for sterilization. It is best to replace the new plant material at the same time and replant it in the pot. According to the requirements of spring flowering after autumn and summer and autumn flowering in spring, the corresponding plants of Cymbidium and Jianlan were divided at the same time of changing pots. Before ramet, water should be deducted to make the basin soil slightly dry and the root system soft. after rising the seedling, cut off the rotten root and old leaf, and when the root turns white, cut or break it from the wide place between the bulbs, and each clump had better have new buds or hidden buds. For the purpose of production, it can be divided into many or even individual plants, and for ornamental purposes, 5-6 plants can be divided into 1 clump, which is easy to sprout and blossom. Cut wounds should be smeared with plant ash or sulfur powder, dry slightly and then put on the basin. The water shall be watered from the edge of the basin or fed by the soaking method, and the plant material on the basin surface shall be moistened. Put the orchid basin in the shade or scattered light first, often spray water to moisturize, and move to the sunny place after half a month for routine maintenance.

The weather of disease prevention and pest control is warm in spring, which is the season for the breeding and spread of germs harmful to orchids, and it is also a good time to sterilize and prevent diseases in orchid fields. -it is necessary to do a good job in the cleanliness and hygiene of orchid cultivation sites, pay attention to ventilation and light transmission, strengthen scientific management, enhance the immune ability of orchid plants, and prevent or reduce the occurrence of diseases. Second, disinfect and sterilize with drugs. The commonly used fungicides are topzine, carbendazim, Dysen zinc, stone-sulfur mixture, Bordeaux liquid, etc., choose one or two kinds of mixture, spray the front and back of orchid leaves, bulbs and rhizosphere plants, generally spray once in 15-20 days, three times in a row, can have a good effect. Once the disease occurs, it is necessary to differentiate and treat the disease and control the disease. If you find some insect pests, you should use medicine according to them and wipe them out in time.