Grafting Propagation of Bud seedlings of Ginkgo biloba

Grafting propagation of bud seedling rootstock is a new technology developed in recent years, which has the advantages of one year shorter seedling raising time, higher survival rate, better seedling quality and lower cost than the common grafting method. Do you need to learn such a good new technology as soon as possible?

The seeds were first germinated and cultured indoors, and the germinated seeds were raised in a nutrition bowl with 1 seed in each bowl. Seeds should be placed on the side, so that the radicle grows downward, the Hypocotyl grows upward, does not bend, and is easy to graft. Cover the right amount of nutritious soil, and then put the seedling nutrition bowl into the greenhouse. The temperature was controlled at 25 ℃ 30 ℃ before the seedling was unearthed, and 20-25 ℃ after the seedling was unearthed, which enhanced the light and promoted the root and stem thickening growth. When the germ grows to 3 cm and the first pair of true leaves are about to unfold, they can be grafted as seedling rootstocks.

In the middle of March, before the branches and buds germinated, 1-2-year-old branches with full bud development and a thickness of 0.3 ℃ 0.4 cm were collected from the mature mother trees, which were wrapped in plastic film and stored in cold storage or refrigerator at a low temperature of 0-2 mol. When the young buds of the rootstock are about to show their true leaves, the seedlings are grafted.

Cut the anvil bud about 3 cm above the petiole, make a 2 cm incision along the petiole and along the center of the embryo stem. Cut into a wedge below the scion, 1.5 cm long on both sides of the cutting surface, with 1-2 buds at the top. Insert the cut scion into the interface, then tie it up with plastic tape and still put it in the greenhouse. Because the rootstock is young, the scion is short, and the healing is slow, warm water is sprayed once every morning and evening. Keep the temperature in the greenhouse 20-25 ℃ and the relative humidity 80%. The scion and the rootstock of bud seedlings healed well and the scion began to germinate after about 25 min. Untie in time after survival. After 15-20 days of leaf exhibition, the Kraft paper or agricultural film was cut off, planted in the nursery according to the row spacing of 40 cm × 20 cm, shaded by 50% to 60%, and removed in late August.

The grafted seedlings can hang fruit 3-4 years after planting, and keep the excellent characteristics of scion, such as fast growth, high yield, easy planting and so on.

The above is the new grafting technology summarized for you. I hope it can help you. Huinong School also has more related agricultural technology knowledge, continue to pay attention to Huinong School, and answer questions for you in the planting process.

Grafting Propagation of Bud seedlings of Ginkgo biloba

This method is a new technology developed in recent years, which has the advantages of one year shorter seedling raising time, higher survival rate, better seedling quality and lower cost than the ordinary grafting method.

The seeds were first germinated and cultured indoors, and the germinated seeds were raised in a nutrition bowl with 1 seed in each bowl of soil. Seeds should be placed on the side, so that the radicle grows downward, the Hypocotyl grows upward, does not bend, and is easy to graft. Cover the right amount of nutritious soil, and then put the seedling nutrition bowl into the greenhouse. The temperature was controlled at 25 ℃ 30 ℃ before the seedling was unearthed, and 20-25 ℃ after the seedling was unearthed, which enhanced the light and promoted the root and stem thickening growth. When the germ grows to 3 cm and the first pair of true leaves are about to unfold, they can be grafted as seedling rootstocks.

In the middle of March, before the branches and buds germinated, 1-2-year-old branches with full bud development and a thickness of 0.3 ℃ 0.4 cm were collected from the mature mother trees, which were wrapped in plastic film and stored in cold storage or refrigerator at a low temperature of 0-2 mol. When the young buds of the rootstock are about to show their true leaves, the seedlings are grafted.

Cut the anvil bud about 3 cm above the petiole, make a 2 cm incision along the petiole and along the center of the embryo stem. Cut into a wedge below the scion, 1.5 cm long on both sides of the cutting surface, with 1-2 buds at the top. Insert the cut scion into the interface, then tie it up with plastic tape and still put it in the greenhouse. Because the rootstock is young, the scion is short, and the healing is slow, warm water is sprayed once every morning and evening. Keep the temperature in the greenhouse 20-25 ℃ and the relative humidity 80%. The scion and the rootstock of bud seedlings healed well and the scion began to germinate after about 25 min. Untie in time after survival. After 15-20 days of leaf exhibition, the Kraft paper or agricultural film was cut off, planted in the nursery according to the row spacing of 40 cm × 20 cm, shaded by 50% to 60%, and removed in late August.

The grafted seedlings can hang fruit 3-4 years after planting, and keep the excellent characteristics of scion, such as fast growth, high yield, easy planting and so on.

A brief introduction to the maintenance methods of Ginkgo biloba

Conservation silver of ginkgo trees

Ginkgo, also known as ginkgo, is a big deciduous tree of Ginkgo biloba family.

Its tree body is tall, the trunk is straight, the posture is majestic. The leaves are fan-shaped, golden and spectacular in autumn.

Ginkgo biloba is an excellent tree species for landscaping, ornamental and street. Fruits and leaves have important medicinal value, and fruits are the best nutritional tonics.

The common cultivated and ornamental varieties of Ginkgo biloba are yellow leaves with bright yellow leaves; tower-shaped ginkgo biloba with branches rising into a narrow tower or cylindrical shape; lobed ginkgo biloba with large deeply engraved or divided leaves; pendulous branches and drooping branchlets; ginkgo biloba with yellow markings.

(1) growth characteristics: ginkgo biloba grows slowly, commonly known as Gongsun tree, which can be divided into male and female. The main root is deep, adaptable, likes light and warm and humid climate, and is afraid of waterlogging. It is suitable to grow in the range of annual average temperature of 8-20 degrees Celsius. Sandy loam and beach alluvial sandy soil are the most suitable, and can also grow in other soils.

(2) Propagation method: mainly use sowing to raise seedlings, but also can be propagated by cutting or branch grafting. It is difficult to sow and raise seedlings of Ginkgo biloba, and the survival rate is low. Measures such as stratified post-ripening and accelerating germination and sowing should be adopted for seeds.

Two-stage Seedling raising technique of ① plastic Film mulching

Seed selection: select seeds that are fully developed, fresh and whose embryos can sprout normally.

Storage: store the sand indoors with sand 3 times larger than the seed, keep the sand moist and keep it dry by hand.

Soil preparation: select the land with flat terrain, loose soil and conditions of drainage and irrigation, sow 5 kg of seeds every 7 square meters, apply 100 kg of high-quality farm fertilizer as base fertilizer, increase the application of 0.5 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, turn the soil deeply before winter, and press 10 meters x 0.7 meters of east-west ridge as early as possible before spring, the ridge height is 6 inches to be sown.

Sowing: the suitable sowing time is from late February to early March. Before sowing, open a ditch 2 inches deep and 7 inches wide in the middle of the ridge, irrigate the bottom water with 0.1% ferrous sulfate solution, increase the soil moisture and disinfect it, then spread the seeds together with sand into the ditch evenly, and sprinkle the poison bait to trap underground pests in the seed line (stir-fry yellow with 0.5 kg wheat bran every 7 square meters, add 20 grams of trichlorfon, and 20 grams of sesame oil to form poison bait). Cover the seeds with loessial soil, the thickness of the covering soil is not more than 3 times the thickness of the seeds. Then choose 60 cm wide plastic film cover, compacted on both sides, in order to preserve soil moisture and improve the ground temperature.

Uncover the film: in mid-late April, once the seedlings are unearthed up to 50%, remove the plastic film in time to avoid high temperature burns the seedlings.

Shading: the newly unearthed seedlings are not resistant to high temperature, so sunshade nets can be used to protect against the sun.

Field management: watering and weeding according to needs, timely prevention and control of diseases and insect pests. The Summer Solstice spread 3-4 cm thick wheat straw between the rows of ginkgo biloba seedlings, which can preserve soil moisture, control grass and reduce surface temperature.

Separate planting: separate planting in the second year. From late February to early March, the plant spacing was about 15 cm in wide and narrow rows (50 cm in wide rows and 20 cm in narrow rows). In addition, pay attention to drought and waterlogging prevention, timely weeding, topdressing, prevention and control of diseases and insect pests.

② cuttage: from the middle of June to the middle of July, softwood cuttings were collected from 30-50-year-old strong and fine mother trees.

Take the semi-lignified branches in the middle and upper part of the crown, cut into 10 cm cuttings, remove the lower leaves, leave 2 or 3 leaves, cut the base into a slope and insert it into the seedbed, leaving 1 or 2 buds on the ground. Cover with plastic film, water 4 times 5 times a day, keep 2425 degrees Celsius, relative humidity more than 90%, 40-45 days can take root. When indolebutyric acid (IBA) was quickly dipped in the base of cuttings with the negative 6th power of 1000-10, the rooting rate was more than 95% in more than 20 days.

③ striping and ramet: in early spring, the vegetative branch of the excellent 2-3-year-old mother plant was peeled 30cm to 40cm from the top, and the cut was covered with wet moss or wet loess at the upper and lower 10cm, covered with a layer of plastic film, and the ends were fastened with rope and watered at the right time. In autumn, 3 and 4 roots of 2 cm long from the wound can be cut from the lower end of the plastic film and transplanted into the nursery, bearing fruit 8 ~ 10 years earlier than sowing seedlings. Trees are prone to sprout in 20-30 years, and stable fertilizer is applied in the rhizosphere loose soil in early spring to promote the occurrence of a large number of tillers. The seedlings were sparsely sprouted in the middle of May, leaving strong seedlings, separated from the mother tree in the next spring and transplanted in the nursery, which could bear fruit 10 years earlier than sowing seedlings.

④ grafting: split grafting, skin grafting, T-shaped bud grafting, bud seedling rootstock grafting and so on.

Here are some instructions for rootstock grafting of buds and seedlings. Use seedlings propagated from seeds as rootstocks. The operation of grafting should be light and fast to prevent water loss and damage to seedlings. When sowing, the seeds must be placed on the side so that the radicle grows downward and the Hypocotyl grows upward without bending. After the seedlings are unearthed, the moisture should be controlled to promote their thicker growth. The germ is 2.5 cm high, and the first pair of true leaves can be grafted when the first pair of true leaves are unfolded. Cut the bud about 3 cm above the cotyledon petiole, hold the petiole of the cotyledon, cut it into a 2 cm long incision along the center of the embryo stem, the scion has 1 cm 2 buds, the lower end is cut into a wedge, and the cutting surface on both sides is 1.5 cm in length. Insert the scion into the interface and fasten it with a plastic bag. Transfer the grafted seedlings to a seedbed or plastic bag to heal, and the matrix is vermiculite. Then cover the plastic film to keep warm and moisturize. The water content of vermiculite is 40% to 50%, and the relative humidity on the bed is about 90%. The proper temperature for wound healing is 20-25 degrees Celsius. Pay attention to regular watering and ventilation, scions begin to germinate after about 20 days, and after leaf expansion, they can be transplanted to the nursery to strengthen soil loosening, weeding and pest control.

(3) cultivation and management

① seedling stage: timely ploughing and weeding, prevention and control of diseases and insect pests, drought and drainage, so that the seedlings grow in moist and loose soil. The seedling stage generally applied fertilizer 3 times, the first time in early June, combined with irrigation to dilute the mature human feces and urine a little. The second time in early July, the third in early August, one by one increase the degree of fertilizer, and appropriate addition of human phosphorus, potash or some plant ash.

② planting and management: ginkgo biloba has strong rooting ability, small seedlings can be transplanted with bare roots from defoliation to pre-germination, large seedlings should be transplanted with host soil, and can be planted on the ground or in pots. Branches grow fast in seedling stage and must be pruned. The pot should be changed every spring, and the management of fertilizer and water should be strengthened after planting to promote its growth. Ginkgo biloba is a dioecious wind-pollinated plant, which should be planted in the proportion of 1 to 2, and pay attention to the wind direction in order to ensure normal fruiting.

(4) Disease and pest control

① pests: the main pests of Ginkgo biloba are ginkgo silkworm moth, also known as ginkgo worm, larvae eat leaves, with the increase of age, leaf-eating is serious, can release Trichogramma biological control, light trapping, artificial killing and so on. Insecticide control uses 500 times trichlorfon or 500 times 50% insecticidal double spraying.

Small leaf moths do harm to old trees, resulting in weak trees, thin branches, fallen leaves, falling fruits, not sprouting the following year, and so on. Then turn to eat harmful leaf meat, and even climb the trunk to eat bark, mixed with 800 times 80% dichlorvos from late March to early April, and the effect is up to 100%. In the middle of June, most of the larvae drilled into the tree trunk and sprayed the tree trunk with dichlorvos, o-dichlorobenzene and diesel oil at the ratio of 4:5:10.

② disease: ginkgo mildew rot disease: it often occurs in the storage period. After infection, there is a layer of dark green mold in the outer seed coat. After cutting, the kernel is mushy and has the smell of wine lees, which seriously affects the commercial value and germination rate of ginkgo. In prevention and control, the seeds should be harvested after full maturity, fully dried before stratification storage, soaked in 0.5% potassium manganate solution for 30 minutes, then rinsed with clean water to dry, wet sand can be 40% formaldehyde diluted 10 times before spraying disinfection. The storage temperature is 0-4 degrees Celsius, pay attention to proper ventilation.

Ginkgo biloba stem rot disease: the disease is more serious in areas with high temperature and high temperature and Rain Water. In severe cases, the rate of seedling death is more than 90%. It mostly occurs on 1-2-year-old seedlings. After infection, the base of the stem turns brown, and gradually wrinkles the skin. The leaves droop and lose their normal green. The endothelial tissue of the stem is spongy or powdery, gray-white, with many small black seedling nuclei, and spread to the xylem, pith and roots, and then the root bark falls off. The whole plant died. In the hot season, germs spread from soil to person, suffering from burns, waterlogging and mechanical damage. Strong seedlings should be cultivated in prevention and control, shade in high temperature season, excessive drainage of Rain Water, watering when drought and high temperature, grass laying between seedling rows, heat preservation and moisturizing, cleaning the countryside and pulling out diseased plants in time. Spraying with 1% sulfite solution during the onset of the disease has a certain effect.