What are the common diseases of herbaceous flowers? Common diseases of herbaceous flowers and their control methods

What are the common diseases of herbaceous flowers and how to control them? Herbaceous flowers means that their stems are herbaceous flowers, herbaceous flower diseases are caused by fungi, bacteria, viruses, nematodes, etc., the diseases caused by parasitism in plants are infectious diseases, of which fungal diseases are the most common, and their pathogens are all living organisms. They can propagate and spread rapidly in a suitable environment, causing disasters.

The common herbaceous flowers are as follows:

(1) crushing and falling disease

The young stem base of the seedling infected by the pathogen quickly lodged from the ground, which is common in the seedling stage, such as red, melon and leaf chrysanthemum, chrysanthemum, cockscomb, carnation and so on. Most of the pathogens were on the surface of the soil. When the soil temperature reached more than 20 ℃, the pathogens began to harm the plants when the humidity reached saturation. The incidence of open field cultivation was the highest from mid-May to August, and the disease occurred in greenhouse or hotbed when the seedlings had 1-2 true leaves.

Prevention and control methods: first of all, the soil used for raising seedlings must be thoroughly disinfected. Saili seeds with 0.2% seed weight were mixed with susceptible grass flower seeds before sowing. After the seedlings are unearthed, 1% of ferrous sulfate can be irrigated 2-4 kg per square meter for prevention, and the seedlings should be ventilated as soon as possible.

(2) powdery mildew

The pathogen harms the leaves, tender shoots, flower stalks and other parts of the plant, even the whole plant. The disease site is initially light gray, followed by a layer of powdery or fluffy matter. When they are covered with leaves, they make the leaves curl in, and the tender shoots bend and stop growing. Sometimes it also infects unopened buds, resulting in fallen leaves or death of plants. The characteristic of the occurrence of powdery mildew is that when the temperature reaches 18-30 ℃. The relative humidity of the air is 55%-85%, the environment is muggy, and it is most likely to occur when there is no ventilation.

Control methods: we should mainly improve the cultivation conditions, control temperature and humidity, and pay attention to ventilation and light transmission. Less nitrogen fertilizer and more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be applied in cultivation to increase plant resistance. In the early stage of the disease, the infected leaves and pedicels should be removed in time and burned centrally, or the diseased plants should be isolated. It can be sprayed with 1000 times of 50% topiramate or 1000 times of 50% acetaminophen, or sprayed with 1000 times 5% Dysenamine aqueous solution.

(3) root knot nematode disease

An important disease that harms the roots of flowers. Common harm to herbaceous flowers are goldfish grass, impatiens, a bunch of red, cockscomb, chrysanthemum, delphinium and so on. The aboveground part of the susceptible plants showed weak growth, short plants, yellow leaves, wilting leaves and small flowers. The underground part showed the formation of tumors of different sizes on the lateral roots and fibrous roots, the surface was slightly rough, and the tumors were cut open, and there were milky and shiny granules in the tumors, which were nematodes. The female lays eggs in the parasitic plant or in the soil, and the eggs can hatch into larvae in warm soil for 2 ~ 3 days. In case of a suitable plant root, it invades from the root bark. Due to the stimulation of secretion, the injured part of the plant root is swollen to form a tumor. The nematodes were mainly located at the depth of 5cm to 23cm below the soil surface, and the most were found in the soil layer of about 10cm. The suitable temperature for nematode activity was 12 ℃.

Prevention and control methods: strict plant quarantine should be carried out to prevent the disease from spreading to disease-free or mild disease areas; soil without nodule nematodes should be selected for seedling raising or rotation; soil disinfection should be carried out in flower beds with serious disease; chemical control. 20% dioxychloropropane can be used to treat soil, with a dosage of 5 grams per square meter, or 20 grams per square meter with 4% aldicarb granules, or 15 grams per square meter with 3% carbofuran granules.

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Common Diseases of Flowers and their Control points

(1) sudden collapse. Stunting disease, also known as standing blight, is a fungal disease, which can harm the seedlings, kill the stem and root tissue near the surface, and cause the plant to fall to the ground. Prevention and control should mainly avoid excessive soil moisture, strengthen seedling management, enhance seedling resistance, and pay attention to keeping clean and disinfecting soil.

(2) powdery mildew. Powdery mildew is a fungal disease, which harms the stems and leaves of flowers, forms a gray-white fungal layer on the surface, and does more harm to herbaceous flowers and rose flowers. The prevention and control measures mainly include eliminating the source of overwintering bacteria, strengthening the management of fertilizer pipes, ventilation and reducing humidity, etc. Powdery mildew is particularly sensitive to sulfur, so sulfur powder, lime-sulfur mixture and other sulfur-containing drugs

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It is an effective drug to control powdery mildew.

(3) rust. Rust is a fungal disease, pound fungus is an idiopathic parasite, the focus is reddish brown spots, often harmful to herbaceous flowers, pine and cypress, rose and so on. The commonly used insecticides for prevention and control are sulfur preparation diurnal rust sodium, colloidal sulfur and internal absorbent strychnine.

(4) soft rot. Soft rot, or rot, is a fungal disease, which can decompose active cells and harm the roots or bulbs of perennial flowers. Streptomycin 1-fold solution can be used for prevention and treatment.

, flowers and insect pests

There are many kinds of flower pests, including not only those that harm roots, stems and leaves, but also those that harm flowers and fruits. Insect pests not only cause economic losses, but also greatly reduce the ornamental nature of flowers. In order to prevent or reduce the critical damage of insect pests, measures can be taken to protect or release natural enemies, create an unsuitable environment for insect pests, strictly carry out quarantine and apply insecticides to control their number, activity and reproduction, and finally achieve the goal of eliminating insect pests.

Manifestations and Control measures of two Diseases of herbaceous Flowers

China Garden Network, Nov. 11: sudden fall and blight are the main diseases in the seedling stage of herbaceous flowers, such as cockscomb, red string, marigold, flat-top impatiens and so on. The two pathogens are different, the main pathogen of quenching disease is Rhizoctonia solani, and the main pathogen of Rhizoctonia solani is Rhizoctonia solani, but their control methods are similar. The main manifestations and prevention measures of the two diseases are introduced as follows:

Stunting disease is the main disease in the seedling stage of herbaceous flower seed germination. when the seedlings occur, the base of the stem on the surface or below the surface shows waterlogged disease spots, then the diseased part turns brown, continues to expand around the stem, tissue necrosis, seedling lodging. When the humidity is low, white cotton-like hyphae grow near the diseased plants. The disease can be damaged from seedling to planting, and the dark brown spot appears at the base of the stem, which gradually sinks and the disease part constricts. When the disease part extends to a week around the stem, the plant dies upright and generally does not lodge.

The main prevention and control measures are as follows

(1) soak the seeds with 50% carbendazim wettable powder in 500 times water for 1 hour.

(2) the substrate used for seedling breeding was sprayed with 95% Luheng No.1 3000 times solution to sterilize.

(3) the sowing amount should not be too large; when sowing, the bottom water should be irrigated properly, which is not excessive, and it is necessary to ensure that there is no need for watering after sowing and before heart spitting; to avoid the phenomenon of high temperature and high humidity in the seedling breeding place; to find the disease, it is necessary to remove the diseased seedlings and their surrounding seedlings in time.

(4) spraying 15% carbendazim 450x solution at the initial stage of the onset of sudden blight disease; spraying 1000 times of 20% methyl trimethophos EC (Licobacterium) in the initial stage of sudden blight disease; spraying 72.2% prednisone water agent and 50% thiram wettable powder in the case of simultaneous occurrence of quenching disease and blight disease. 2 to 3 kilograms of spray liquid per square meter.