Efficient cultivation techniques and Pest Control of Chrysanthemum morifolium in potted plants

Today, the editor of Huinong Network introduces the potted cultivation techniques of a variety of autumn chrysanthemum called Jinduo. If you are interested in potted planting techniques, you might as well come and learn more.

1 Jinduo

1.1 Biological characteristics

The average plant height of this variety is 35 cm, the crown width is 45 cm;, the root bark is white, the old root is brown, the fibrous root of the cuttings is 15 cm; long, the leaves are dark green, the leaves are pinnately divided, 1.8 cm; leaves are 6.6 cm long and 4.6 cm wide, the petiole length is 2.2 cm;, the average number of buds per plant is 980, the flower diameter is 3.8 cm, the ligulate flowers are bright yellow and 24, and the tubular flowers are yellow. The fruit is achene, yellowish brown subcylindrical, longitudinally angled.

Jinduo likes the environment with plenty of sunshine and good ventilation, and can adapt to the dry summer and cold winter climate. Jinduo is a typical autumn chrysanthemum variety. Foot buds sprouted from late March to early April in Liaoning area, which can be used for cuttage or tissue culture propagation. In May, the seedlings were planted, the bud period was September 5, and the initial flowering period was October 15. It has the characteristics of continuous flowering, and the viewing period is more than 3 months. Jinduo compact plant type, strong branching, the whole growth cycle does not need coring operation, suitable for extensive management, can save a lot of labor costs. Jinduo foot buds are stout, deep, numerous, and have strong cold resistance, so the persistent root in Liaoning area can survive the winter safely in the open field; the disease resistance is extremely strong, and there is no need to spray fungicides in the whole growth cycle.

Jinduo is a strict short-day flower, and flower bud differentiation is regulated by photoperiod and night temperature. Through the experimental study, the daily critical point of Jinduo has been determined to be 12.5 h. According to the photoperiod law, the annual flowering cultivation techniques of Jinduo have been developed, which can regulate Jinduo to blossom at any time in a year and achieve the purpose of annual production.

1.2 suitable planting area

The cultivation experiment shows that this variety is suitable for open field cultivation in Liaoning area. Under pot conditions, the florescence can be accurately controlled by annual flowering cultivation techniques, and it can be produced and cultivated all over the country.

2 key points of cultivation techniques

2.1 soil

Jinduo is not strict on soil, and can be planted in all kinds of soil except saline-alkali soil. In pot production, peat, cow dung or crushed straw can be properly added to the soil to improve the content of organic matter and soil fertility, and reduce the weight of potted soil, which is beneficial to the transportation of potted flower products.

2.2 raising seedlings

Jinduo generally overwintered naturally after flowering in Liaoning area, and in May of the following year, cutting seedlings were raised by using the foot buds. Pot or open field cultivation was carried out from late May to early June. One seedling was planted in each flowerpot, and the row spacing was 50cm × 70 cm when cultivated in the open field. In order to prevent the degradation of seedlings, the seedlings should be detoxified and rejuvenated once every 3 years.

3. Field management

3.1 watering

Avoid flood irrigation and master the principle of less quantity and less quantity during the whole growing period. Watering thoroughly for the first time after planting, and then watering every 15 days or so, watering less than more, and loosening the soil in time after watering. In the middle of August, when flower bud differentiation begins, water should be properly controlled to promote the transformation from vegetative growth to reproductive growth, increase water supply after budding and promote flower bud expansion. In full bloom, water supply should be ensured, because during this period, a large number of flowers bloom and transpiration increases. The drought resistance of Jinduo is very strong, and the normal growth can be ensured by deep soil moisture. However, it is not resistant to waterlogging, especially can not flood irrigation for a long time, so as to avoid root rot caused by excessive soil moisture. Anti-freezing water should be watered once before the beginning of winter (late November to early December). From March to April in early spring, due to the strong wind in Liaoning, it is necessary to pour water once to promote the germination of foot buds.

3.2 fertilization

Jinduo is sensitive to fertilizer and water. If the nitrogen fertilizer is insufficient, the plant grows slowly, the plant is short, the leaf is few and inferior, the flower stem is shortened, the flower is small, the number of flowers per plant decreases and so on. The mixed use of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can greatly promote the development of flower stem. After the foot buds were unearthed in early spring, the first topdressing of nitrogen fertilizer should be carried out in time with the first irrigation, and the amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be 30: 45 kg/667m2. For the second time in the budding stage, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be increased in addition to nitrogen fertilizer, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate could be sprayed on the leaf, and fertilization should be stopped 7 days before flowering.

3.3 loosening the soil and weeding

Weeds should be weeded in time during the growing period, and the weeds should be destroyed to sterilize the eggs and bodies of insects. Loosening soil can improve the ventilation of soil and strengthen the capacity of water storage and water conservation.

(4) Disease and pest control

Generally, chrysanthemums are prone to rust, powdery mildew, anthracnose and blight, but Jinduo has strong disease resistance. It is not necessary to spray fungicides or broad-spectrum fungicides every two weeks in the whole growing season. If diseased plants are found, they should be removed in time to reduce the source of the disease. The main pests are aphids and cabbage insects, aphids can spread the virus, and the ornamental ability of the damaged plants is seriously reduced. The control of aphids can be sprayed with 1000 times of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder, once every two weeks; cabbage insects gnaw on the stem tips of leaves and chrysanthemums, and in serious cases, the whole plant loses its commercial value, and 1 500 times of 10% cypermethrin EC can be sprayed for control.

5 conclusion

This is a variety for both pot and ground planting, which has strong growth potential, bright color, beautiful flower pattern, drought resistance, cold resistance and wide adaptability. It does not need artificial heart picking in the whole growing season, can be formed naturally, is simple in cultivation and management, and its comprehensive characters have reached the international advanced level. It has a broad prospect of popularization and application.

Efficient cultivation techniques and pest control of Ziyuan potted plant

How to cultivate the purple garden flower pot? The purple garden flower is a kind of very beautiful flower, which is loved by many people. The editor of Huinong net has compiled an article on the variety characteristics and cultivation techniques of potted small chrysanthemum in purple garden.

1 biological characteristics

The plant of this variety is high 30.5cm and the crown width is 35cm. Ziyuan likes a sunny and well-ventilated environment, which can adapt to the dry summer and cold winter climate. Ziyuan is a typical autumn chrysanthemum variety. Foot buds sprouted from late March to early April in Liaoning area, which can be used for cuttage or tissue culture propagation. In May, the seedlings were planted, the bud stage was September 1, and the florescence was October 15. It has the characteristics of continuous flowering, and the ornamental period is more than 3 months. Astragalus sinensis has compact plant type, strong branching, no coring operation in the whole growth cycle, so it is suitable for extensive management and can save a lot of labor costs. Ziyuan has strong cold resistance, the perennial root in Liaoning area can survive the winter safely in the open field, and the disease resistance is so strong that there is no need to spray fungicides in the whole growth cycle.

Ziyuan is a strict short-day flower. Flower bud differentiation and flowering are regulated by photoperiod and night temperature. Through the experimental study, it has been determined that the daily critical point of Ziyuan is 13 hours. According to the photoperiod law, the annual flowering cultivation techniques of Ziyuan have been developed, which can regulate and control the flowering at any time in a year to achieve the purpose of annual production.

two。 Suitable planting area

The cultivation experiment shows that this variety is suitable for open field cultivation in Liaoning area, and the flowering period can be regulated by annual flowering cultivation techniques under pot conditions, and it can be produced and cultivated all over the country.

2.3 key points of cultivation techniques

3.1 soil

The requirement for soil is not strict, and all kinds of soil except saline-alkali soil can be planted. In pot production, peat, cow dung or crushed straw can be properly added to the soil to improve the content of organic matter and soil fertility, and reduce the weight of potted soil, which is beneficial to the transportation of potted flower products.

3.2 Seedling raising

Liaoning area generally overwintered naturally after flowering, and in May of the following year, cuttage seedlings were raised by using the foot buds. Pot or open field cultivation was carried out from late May to early June. When potted, one seedling was planted in each flowerpot, and the row spacing was 40cm × 60cm in open field.

4 field management

4.1 watering

Avoid flood irrigation and master the principle of less quantity and less quantity during the whole growing period. Watering thoroughly for the first time after planting, and then watering every 15 days or so, watering less than more, and loosening the soil in time after watering. In the middle of August, when flower bud differentiation begins, water should be properly controlled to promote the transformation from reproductive growth to vegetative growth, increase water supply after bud appearance, and promote flower bud expansion. In full bloom, water supply should be ensured, because during this period, a large number of flowers bloom and transpiration increases. Ziyuan has strong drought resistance, and the normal growth can be ensured by deep soil moisture. However, it is not resistant to waterlogging, especially can not flood irrigation for a long time, so as to avoid root rot caused by excessive soil moisture. Anti-freezing water should be watered once before the beginning of winter (late November to early December). From March to April in early spring, due to the strong wind in Liaoning, it is necessary to pour water once to promote the germination of foot buds.

4.2 fertilization

Ziyuan is more sensitive to fertilizer and water. If the nitrogen fertilizer is insufficient, the plant grows slowly, the plant is short, the leaf is few and inferior, the flower stem is shortened, the flower is small, the number of flowers per plant decreases and so on. The mixed use of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can greatly promote the development of flower stem. After the foot buds were unearthed in early spring, the first topdressing of nitrogen fertilizer should be carried out in time with the first irrigation, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be 30~45kg/km2, and the second time in the budding stage, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be increased in addition to nitrogen fertilizer, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate could be sprayed on the leaf, and fertilization should be stopped 7 days before flowering.

4.3 loosening the soil and weeding

Weeds should be weeded in time during the growing period, and the weeds should be destroyed to sterilize the eggs and bodies of insects. Loosening soil can improve the ventilation of soil and strengthen the capacity of water storage and water conservation.

(5) Disease and pest control

Generally, chrysanthemums are prone to rust, powdery mildew, anthracnose and blight, but Ziyuan has strong disease resistance. It is not necessary to spray fungicides or broad-spectrum fungicides every two weeks in the whole growing season. If diseased plants are found, they should be removed in time to reduce the source of the disease. The main pests are aphids and cabbage insects, aphids can spread the virus, and the ornamental ability of the damaged plants is seriously reduced. Aphid control can be sprayed with 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 1000 times, once every two weeks; cabbage insects eat leaves and chrysanthemum stem tips, serious loss of commercial value of the whole plant, can be sprayed with 10% cypermethrin EC 1500 times.

6 conclusion

Ziyuan is a variety for both potted and ground plants. it has beautiful flower color, beautiful flower pattern, cold resistance and wide range of adaptation. it does not need artificial coring treatment in the whole growing season, can take shape naturally, is simple in cultivation and management, and its comprehensive characters have reached the international advanced level. it has a broad prospect of popularization and application.

If you are also interested in planting Purple Garden, you can come to Huinong Network to learn more technical knowledge.

How to cultivate potted multi-plant chrysanthemum? Propagation and pest control techniques of potted multi-plant chrysanthemum!

Chrysanthemum is the national flower of our country, which is very popular in daily life and is often used in courtyard potted plants, so how to cultivate potted chrysanthemums? Is it difficult to grow? Below, the editor of Huinong Network will introduce the breeding technology of potted chrysanthemum!

Grafting breeding and cultivation of Artemisia seedlings

The grafted Artemisia annua can be obtained by sowing and breeding or digging in the field. The sowing time of Artemisia annua is generally late November. When sowing, water the seedbed once, mix the seeds with fine sand and spread them evenly on the seedbed, without covering the soil, and then cover them with plastic film. After emergence, it was moved into a small basin with a diameter of 12cm when it grew to 3 ~ 4 leaves. The use of nutrient spray is helpful to growth. Artemisia seedlings will be planted in the field in the middle of March next year, and the soil fertilizer can be reasonably controlled.

Artemisia seedling colonization

The fields where Artemisia seedlings are planted can be divided into shady and sunny beds due to different topography. The shade bed is the planting bed and the working path are highly flush, so it is easy to store water. On the other hand, the planting bed is higher than the working path in order to facilitate drainage. The suitable length of planting bed is about 40m, and the hanging triangle is the general form of planting Artemisia annua, and its plant spacing varies with the number of planting rows. When planting sixteen chrysanthemums, the bed width is 90cm, the working channel width is 70cm, and the plant spacing is 60 ~ 70cm. When planting nine kinds of chrysanthemum, the width of planting bed is 80cm, the width of working channel is 60cm, and the spacing is 55 ~ 60cm.

Grafting

Large flower varieties can be used to graft many kinds of chrysanthemum, and the better varieties are 'Quanxiang Chongtian', 'Xiaguang', 'Guohua Huang Special', 'Phoenix Zhenyu' and so on. When Artemisia seedlings grow to about 30cm, grow two layers of lateral branches and the stem diameter is 2 ~ 3cm, the top of the rootstock must be tender, otherwise the survival rate will be reduced. Generally, the grafting is divided into 1 ~ 2 times from May, and the method of split grafting is generally adopted: when the main branch or lateral branch of Artemisia seedlings is close to the stem thickness of chrysanthemum scion, it can be truncated and 12 ~ 15cm can be left. The scion length of the selected chrysanthemum variety was 5cm, with 3 ~ 4 leaves at the top. Cut one knife obliquely on each side, showing a wedge, and then split the truncated rootstock about 1.5cm from the middle, which is slightly longer than the knife edge of the chrysanthemum scion, and insert the scion to make the two cuts close. Seal the interface with a plastic film of appropriate thickness to ensure proper tightness. If the grafting is carried out before the middle of May, the survival rate of chrysanthemum seedlings is higher. If it is carried out after the middle of May, small plastic bags or plastic film should be used to cover the interface and shade properly after grafting. The plastic bags and straps can be removed after 1 week.

1 split rootstock 2 scion cutting 3 rootstock cuttings 4 binding 5 completed grafted seedlings

Sleeve basin

In mid-June, the grafted seedlings will be put into flowerpots, nine chrysanthemums can choose flowerpots with an inner caliber of 30cm, and sixteen chrysanthemums can choose flowerpots with internal caliber 35cm. When setting the basin, the drainage hole at the bottom of the basin should be expanded to 6cm, and the chrysanthemum seedlings should be wrapped with plastic film to prevent damage to the leaves.

Pruning and covering soil

For the grafted chrysanthemum seedlings, the first coring was carried out from the end of May to the beginning of June, leaving 2 ~ 3 leaves at the base to promote the germination of lateral branches. After the lateral branches germinated, the heart was removed for 3 ~ 4 times, and the last one was completed in the first ten days of July. Cut off the branches that are too strong or thin, so that the branches with the same height and thickness are evenly distributed in the basin, and set aside 5 ~ 6 flower heads on the basis of the required flower heads. It is necessary to cover the soil for the first time before July 25, so that the basin soil can reach about 30% of the basin capacity. The Beginning of Autumn needs to press the uneven branches before and after, and the branches which are not ideally pressed can be adjusted every 20 days or so, and cover the soil twice at the same time. At this time, the basin soil reaches about 90% of the basin capacity.

Grafted chrysanthemum tuber

The chrysanthemum is a short-day plant, so under the condition that the light is getting shorter and shorter in September, it is necessary to control nutrients, cut off the lateral buds, concentrate nutrients on the pregnant buds to help bloom, and in order to prevent damage to the main buds of chrysanthemums, in the process of growth, we should grasp the bud thinning when the bud is the size of mung bean, the pedicel is elongated, and the main side bud can be identified, and leave 1 or 2 side buds to spare when thinning the bud. Wait until the buds grow to the same size, and then remove the lateral buds, leaving only the main buds for flowering. When the chrysanthemum is in blossom, the chrysanthemum should be bound. When binding, first rub the stick with the thickness of the chrysanthemum stem into the basin soil according to the desired shape, and pay attention to inserting the stick once, it is not easy to insert firmly, and it will cause unnecessary damage to the plant. Then cut the stick flush with the lowest receptacle, tie the chrysanthemum to this height, and tie the chrysanthemum head properly. Do not touch the leaves and petals when binding, otherwise the ideal ornamental effect can not be achieved.

Cultivation and management

In the early stage of grafting, many kinds of chrysanthemum are supplied with nutrients by the underground root of Artemisia, which is generally not watered or less watered. After the beginning of autumn, with the gradual prosperity of the growth of chrysanthemum, the rotten thin fertilizer was applied around the root of Artemisia, combined with external topdressing, and the mixture of 0.1% urea and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate was sprayed on the leaf for 2 ~ 3 times. the concentration of fertilizer should be gradually increased, and the frequency should also be gradually increased, starting once every half month, and then topdressing 2 ~ 3 times a week, and watering in the pot should be dry and wet each time. After the bud is clear, continue to fertilize until the flower wheel is released. The difficulty of grafting multi-headed chrysanthemum mainly lies in the high plant shape and florescence of the cultivated multi-headed chrysanthemum. In fact, as long as the chrysanthemum is highly consistent, flowers are evenly distributed, as long as reasonable management, reasonable fertilization, then it will achieve a beautiful effect!

Pest control

The main diseases of chrysanthemum are chrysanthemum brown spot, chrysanthemum mosaic disease, chrysanthemum sclerotinia disease and so on. It can be used to control mancozeb, chlorothalonil, chlorothalonil, trimethoprim and methyl topiramate with concentration of 5 ~ 1000 times. The main pests of chrysanthemum are red spiders, aphids, heart-eating insects, cabbage insects, cotton bollworm, whitefly and grubs. It can be used alternately with 6-1500 times liquid imidacloprid, high-efficiency permethrin, dicofol, metoprolol and so on. Trichlorfon, phoxim, carbofuran and other pesticides are generally used to prevent underground pests, such as root application, root irrigation, mixed wheat bran and so on.

Although chrysanthemum is a national flower, it needs to be cultivated carefully when planting. Please collect the breeding and pest control techniques of the above potted chrysanthemum.