Daily maintenance and management of Ginkgo biloba and matters needing attention

Recently, many Miao farmers have asked the editor what they should pay attention to when planting ginkgo biloba. Most people know that ginkgo biloba is a unique "living fossil" plant in China. It can grow in the south of Shenyang and north of Guangzhou.

What should be noticed when planting ginkgo biloba?

The bark of Ginkgo biloba is grayish brown, deeply split longitudinally, and the big branches are nearly whorled. The branches are long and short. The branches grow light brownish yellow in one year. Short branches densely covered with leaf scars. The leaf shape is unique, folded fan-shaped, with a long handle and bifurcated veins. Leaf apex often 2-lobed, leaf base cuneate. The leaves on the long branches are alternate and the leaves on the short branches are clustered at the top of the branches. The autumn leaves are golden and beautiful. The florescence is from April to May. The seeds mature from September to October. Drupe oval, light yellow or orange when ripe, covered with white powder. The outer seed coat is fleshy and odorous. The middle seed coat is white and bony, so it is called ginkgo.

Ginkgo biloba likes light, young trees are slightly shade-tolerant, cold-resistant, and can also adapt to the high-temperature and humid climate in the south of the Yangtze River, but the ability to bear dry heat is poor. When the local surface heat radiation is strong, the scorched edge phenomenon is easy to appear in the lower leaves of the crown. Ginkgo biloba likes deep soil with good drainage and is not resistant to stagnant water. The growth of low wetlands is poor.

Be careful when pruning ginkgo biloba. Large lateral branches can not be short-cut, because the terminal bud germination of long branches is weak. It is difficult to form new elongated shoots after truncation. On the other hand, the leaves of short branches germinate first, forming the appearance of "chicken claw branch" at the front end of the lateral branch, and the shape is very unattractive after falling leaves. Therefore, large lateral branches with reasonable distribution should be selected when pruning. For over-dense branches, the method of thinning from the base is taken and cut off at once.

Ginkgo trees can be made into vigorous and simple stump bonsai by grafting old roots and new branches, which is unique.

Ginkgo biloba is an ideal tree species for courtyard beautification, with dense leaves, beautiful leaves, golden autumn color, few diseases and insect pests, long life span and good ornamental effect. Only male plants should be selected to beautify the courtyard so as to avoid abnormal odor caused by fruit drop of female plants and affect health.

The characteristics of male plants are as follows: the angle between the main branch and the trunk is small, the crown is slightly narrow, and the formation is late; the leaves are deeply cracked, often exceeding the middle of the leaves; the autumn leaves change color later, and the leaves fall later; the short branches bearing male flowers are longer, about 4 cm.

The characteristics of the female plant are as follows: the angle between the main branch and the trunk is larger, the crown is broad, the top is flat, and the formation is earlier; the leaf crack is lighter and does not reach the middle of the leaf; the discoloration stage and shedding stage of autumn leaves are earlier; the short branches of female flowers are shorter, about 2 cm.

That's all for today's content, farmers who have planted ginkgo biloba can refer to it for more reference, and more wonderful content is available on Huinong net!

Key points and matters needing attention in maintenance and management of family bonsai

How to raise bonsai and its maintenance and management in the family

First, the analysis of the environment of the home market:

(1) what kind of bonsai should be preserved according to the objective environmental conditions of the family? The villa or courtyard can raise small and medium-sized bonsai. Due to the improvement of living standards, most of them are building balcony maintenance bonsai. It is recommended that the balcony maintain small or miniature bonsai. Indoor balcony maintenance bonsai should fully understand the environmental characteristics of the balcony site:

① balcony facing and sunshine length difference is larger, generally facing south balcony maintenance bonsai is better, the sun is strong, the light time is long.

Balconies facing east or west can only have direct light in the morning or afternoon, and the sun can shine for up to 3-4 hours a day.

But the balcony facing west has a strong summer sun, so it is necessary to do a good job of summer shade and ventilation (commonly known as Xishan sun). The balcony facing north has no direct light all day (it is recommended to keep some shady bonsai).

The temperature around the ② balcony is quite different from that of the ground. Because the balcony cement or ceramic tile floor and metope are easy to absorb the radiant heat of the sun, the temperature during the day is higher than the ground temperature (summer shading and ventilation should be done in time). When the temperature drops at night, the balcony cement floor or ceramic tile floor and metope are easy to release heat. According to the test, the temperature is more than 2 ℃ higher than the ground at this time.

The air around the ③ balcony is relatively dry. If the wind is strong in the upper air, the air must be drier than the ground. The light, temperature and humidity of different balconies are different, and there is a great difference, especially the difference in light length. We should choose appropriate bonsai plants according to the specific conditions of our own balcony.

1. If there is plenty of sunshine, it is recommended to choose bonsai such as Xiyang and flowering and fruiting bonsai, golden finch, mountain red, cypress, yellow poplar, fruit mulberry, ginkgo, golden pine, hammer elm, pomegranate, Tamarix, Fujian tea, Jiuli incense, etc.

2, such as lack of light: it is recommended to choose plants with a certain shade tolerance, such as June snow, Chinese wolfberry, Michelia mollissima, five-needle pine, triangular maple, Luohan pine, brown bamboo, Luoshi, southern bamboo, yew, sparrow plum, bamboo and cypress, Chunshu, ground cypress and so on.

3, if the family house has no balcony or there is no direct light in the room: the living environment is poor, and when it is difficult to raise trees and bonsai, emphasis should be placed on the production and maintenance of landscape bonsai. Because the moss on the landscape bonsai can grow as long as there is scattered light, it does not change much in spring, summer, autumn and winter, and is poetic. The display room also has a very good ornamental effect.

4. If the family's economic conditions are good, such as a courtyard, a large open-air balcony or an exclusive courtyard and the courtyard is very spacious, the bonsai plants that like light, shade and semi-shade can be nurtured according to the small greenhouse that can be built on the spot.

(2) it is necessary to cultivate suitable bonsai according to individual specific conditions. This paper briefly introduces the relationship between environmental conditions and the selection of bonsai plants. Finally, the decision on what bonsai to raise should be based on personal preference, personal cultivation and management skills, and whether individuals have spare time for meticulous maintenance and management. Bonsai materials should be selected according to personal preferences and management conditions. Due to different hobbies and aesthetic concepts, everyone may not have the same evaluation of a certain kind of plant, so the choice of bonsai plants should vary from person to person. The selection of bonsai plants should consider whether the habits of the selected plants are compatible with the existing environment, as well as the level of personal cultivation and management skills:

If bonsai amateurs have high modeling skills and rich experience in maintenance and management, they can choose bonsai materials with higher technical requirements for cultivation and management, such as black pine, five-needle pine, real cypress, yellow poplar, plum blossom and so on.

Such as personal management level should generally choose extensive management, adaptable bonsai materials, such as Chinese wolfberry, canary, June snow, Yingchun, Elaeagnus angustifolia, Tamarix, Pushu, elm and so on.

For those who just play miniature bonsai without any basis, it is recommended to raise some easy-to-feed miniature bonsai, such as pomegranate, canary, June snow, Yingchun, elm, rue and so on.

Second, the source of bonsai and the key factors of keeping miniature bonsai:

1. Bonsai can be purchased from general sources or picked by yourself in the mountains. It is suggested that it is more appropriate to buy some semi-finished products while playing. Of course, those who have the money can be wayward. You can buy finished products or high-quality products (for the purchase of finished products, you should choose from the following: one, two, three, four, determine the appearance of miniature bonsai, and observe the health of the branches and leaves of the stems.) because the semi-finished products have been maintained and managed in the first stage, they are basically stylish and have been laid in the basin. (after buying, learn about the habits of bonsai online according to the name of bonsai.) it is not easy to raise and adjust the original shape according to your own preferences. In a short period of time, you can see bonsai spreading branches and leaves to blossom and bear fruit, increasing the fun, sense of achievement and self-confidence of playing bonsai.

2. Maintenance and management of miniature bonsai should not only adjust its shape in time, but also promote normal growth. Because miniature bonsai pots are small and little soil, they really test the level of bonsai players' conservation and management, such as spraying and watering 2 times a day in hot summer. in order to make the plant branches and leaves not wilting, such as not much personal spare time can not be carefully managed, it is very easy to cause the plant to dry to death. The solution can be selected to adapt to the strong tree species and appropriate selection of deeper pots or sand trough or large purple sand basin set basin maintenance.

Watering for three years, watering is the key to play well with bonsai, and one of the most important and frequent measures for bonsai maintenance and management. The stump is planted in the basin, whether it is a deep basin or a shallow basin, the soil is always limited, and the water content is also limited. if the stump is not watered for a long time, the stump will wither due to lack of water, so it is necessary to observe in time and water according to the dry and wet condition of the soil to maintain soil moisture. Of course, overwatering can not be excessive, if overwatering, the basin soil is too wet for a long time, it is easy to cause root hypoxia and decay; at the same time, the amount of watering depends on specific tree species, seasonal changes, and warm and cold weather. Generally speaking, in summer or drought, it is best to water once in the morning and evening, every day or every other day in spring and autumn, the stump germinates in spring, and it can also be watered in the morning and evening according to the situation. During the rainy season or rainy days, there is no need for watering, but also pay attention to drainage. Sandy soil can be watered more, clayey soil should be watered less. Watering can be foliar spraying, or root irrigation, generally combining the two, first spraying water on the leaf, and then irrigation through the root, be careful not to pour "half of the water" to cause the basin surface to be wet and dry in the basin, and the foliar spraying should not be too much, it is easy to cause branches and leaves to grow, the following is a brief discussion on the key factors of cultivating miniature bonsai:

1. Water is one of the key factors:

"often irrigated" is inseparable from soil and water, while "industrious" water is completely blind.

The main results are as follows: (1) Water quality is very important to the cultivation of bonsai. It is recommended to use Rain Water, lotus pond water or resting tap water before watering.

(2) with appropriate amount of water, miniature bonsai is easy to scorch yellow leaves and affect plant growth, and serious lack of water causes miniature bonsai plants to dry up and die, but too much watering is easy to rot roots. So watering should be appropriate ["watering too much" generally refers to: when the basin soil is not dry, it is continuously watered for several days or watered many times a day. In general, the main reason for raising miniature bonsai is drowned by water]. Personally, I think the first step is to check the habits of miniature bonsai varieties according to the name of miniature bonsai varieties. The premise is to ensure that miniature bonsai is alive, and the premise of miniature bonsai alive is to master the "six views" and "one principle" of watering miniature bonsai.

Take a look at the plant habits.

Second, look at the plant pots.

Look at the soil of bonsai.

Four, look at the plant leaves.

Fifth, look at the growing season.

Six, look at the weather of the day.

One principle: "dry and thoroughly poured, no dry, no watering].

Articles on miniature bonsai watering have been published before, so I will not elaborate on them here. Bonsai friends can refer to China Mini Bonsai official account "miniature bonsai watering. How to water miniature bonsai?" When will it be watered? And points for attention "article.

All potted friends grasp the above basic principles of watering, and then try, observe, experience and sum up attentively. I believe that they will be able to raise miniature bonsai, enjoy miniature bonsai spreading branches and leaves, blossom and bear fruit, edify sentiment at the same time, and reap the joy of success.

2. One of the key dominant factors of basin soil:

The potted soil matches well, and the miniature bonsai grows well.

Soil plays a leading role in the growth of miniature bonsai. According to different varieties of miniature bonsai, it is recommended to use different soils for conservation (soil pH, commonly known as potted soil pH), or in that sentence to buy a miniature bonsai. Do not blindly maintain and manage, first consult relevant materials, fully understand its habits in order to raise miniature bonsai. Previous articles have been introduced in detail, and I will not mention them here. Please refer to the official account: zgwxpjw "benefits of changing pots and matters needing attention for changing miniature bonsai."

3. One of the key dominant factors of the market environment:

The site environment is good or bad, affecting the plant quality and poor site refers to: shelving site, ventilation, lighting, humidity, protection and so on. The setting environment is also one of the dominant factors for miniature bonsai. A good environment is more conducive to the growth of miniature bonsai. Miniature bonsai is often arranged indoors and can not see sunlight for a long time, which can easily lead to growth retardation or plant disease. It is recommended to give appropriate light. Therefore, in the spring and summer growing season, it is recommended that the indoor display time should not exceed one week, and the outdoor semi-shady environment should be maintained and the light surface of miniature bonsai plants should be changed properly at other times.

4. one of the dominant factors of fattening:

The fat and small ones are dull, and the fat plants suffer.

Fertilizer should be appropriate, excessive fertilization will cause twigs to grow, and if it is serious, it will also affect the growth of miniature bonsai plants. if it is not washed or changed in time, it will also cause the death of miniature bonsai plants. Fertilization is due to appropriate fertilization according to the season and different plants. It is suggested that "thin fertilizer is applied frequently". If there is a serious lack of fertilizer, the leaves of miniature bonsai are barren and dull in color, although miniature bonsai will not die in the long run, but the plant is morbid. The appearance is not good.

5. One of the dominant factors of pruning:

Out-of-season pruning and untreated wounds after trimming, resulting in the death of miniature bonsai. Pruning and picking buds in time, the new long branches should be cut short in time and keep the appropriate proportion with the trunk; change the basin every 1 to 2 years, deciduous leaves are carried out before germination in early spring, evergreen trees are carried out after spring germination or cool autumn; miniature crowns, there should be fewer branches to show the grace of the trunk as far as possible, and the retained branches should be cut short to make them in proportion to the trunk.

6. One of the dominant factors of pest control:

The prevention and control of diseases and insect pests are not timely, the light ones affect the appearance, and the serious ones lead to the death of miniature bonsai. Timely control of diseases and insect pests to find a variety of leaf spot, aphids, red spiders, shell insects and other diseases and insect pests, should be the right medicine and immediately manual removal or spray control.

7. One of the leading factors of daily management:

The details of absolute success or failure, diligent observation, and prevention, more summary. Such as summer shading, watering time, water treatment, basin cushion, spraying times, sand trough maintenance and so on; for example: in order to prevent leaves from yellowing and falling off (miniature bonsai due to small pot soil), water is often in short supply in summer, so it is easy to have the phenomenon of leaf scorched yellow shedding. In order to avoid leaf yellow falling off, in addition to leaving the edge of the basin when putting on the basin and paying attention to watering and spraying in hot summer, you can put sand trough or indoor balcony in a large basin for maintenance under maintenance conditions. the method of watering miniature bonsai water: you can put miniature bonsai in a household basin and store water higher than that along the mouth of miniature bonsai basin [take out a brick in a shallow pool or put a brick in a shallow pool more than ten seconds after bubbling stops, and add water to just submerged brick surface. Then put the small bonsai on the brick to cultivate.

Key points of daily maintenance and management of tree stump bonsai

Bonsai stumps are dominated by flowers and trees. The pros and cons of the tree stump does not lie in whether the tree species are famous or expensive, nor in the size of the materials used, but in whether it is possible to create its natural form, in the artistic conception and interest contained in the creator's shape. Bonsai tree stump is the epitome of the old mountain pile, the first to learn from nature. Qiu branch is empty, potential is like a wandering dragon, ancient cypress with twisted trunk; loose branches, cliff upside down, branches and leaves like clouds; and bamboo with soft branches, beautiful flowers and fruits, elegant and elegant, are excellent models for making pile scenes.

1. Watering

Watering is one of the most important and frequent measures in the management of tree stump bonsai. The stump is planted in the basin, whether it is a deep basin or a shallow basin, the soil is always limited, and the water content is also limited. if the stump is not watered for a long time, the stump will wither due to lack of water, so it is necessary to observe in time and water according to the dry and wet condition of the soil to maintain soil moisture. Of course, overwatering can not be excessive, if overwatering, the basin soil is too wet for a long time, it is easy to cause root hypoxia and decay; at the same time, the amount of watering depends on specific tree species, seasonal changes, and warm and cold weather. Generally speaking, in summer or drought, it is best to water once in the morning and evening, every day or every other day in spring and autumn, the stump germinates in spring, and it can also be watered in the morning and evening according to the situation. During the rainy season or rainy days, there is no need for watering, but also pay attention to drainage. Sandy soil can be watered more, clayey soil should be watered less. Watering can be foliar spray, can also be root irrigation, generally a combination of the two, first foliar spray, and then root irrigation through, pay attention not to irrigate "half of the water" to cause basin surface wet, basin dry phenomenon, and leaf spray can not be too much, easy to cause branches and leaves to grow.

two。 Fertilizer application

The soil in the pot of tree stump bonsai is limited, so the nutrients are also limited, so we should pay attention to the supplement of fertilizer. Because of its artistic characteristics, tree stump bonsai should not be fertilized too much or too frequently. It is necessary to master the content and types of fertilization and grasp the fertilization season. The three elements of plant growth nutrients are nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer can promote the growth of branches and leaves, phosphorus fertilizer can promote the formation of flowers and fruits, and potassium fertilizer can promote the growth of stem and root. therefore, the selection of fertilizer should be determined according to the type of tree stump and its growth trend.

If you need to make the stump flourish, you can apply more nitrogen fertilizer; if you need more flowers and fruits, you can increase the content of phosphate fertilizer; when you need strong roots, you can apply more potash fertilizer. Fertilization methods are generally divided into late fertilization and quick fertilization. Delayed fertilization generally mixes organic fertilizer into the soil according to a certain proportion after crushing and maturing, and when changing soil, it is mixed into the basin to slowly provide nutrients; quick-acting fertilization is to dilute organic fertilizer or chemical fertilizer. Fertilization is carried out according to the seasonal growth needs of tree stumps, but it should not be too thick, newly planted tree stumps should not be fertilized in rainy days, fertilizer efficiency is lost, and the effect is not good.

3. Control of diseases and insect pests

There are diseases in the branches, such as phloem, cambium decay, stem rot and ulcers on the branches, surface decay of the branches, dry core decay, spots on the branches, and so on. Bordeaux solution should usually be sprayed, Xu with stone-sulfur mixture, and scraped off the rotten parts.

Foliar diseases: foliar diseases usually appear yellow-brown or black spots, leaf curl, wilt, early defoliation and other symptoms, which may be yellowing, leaf spot, soot, powdery mildew and so on. Leaf spot disease can be removed and Bordeaux solution can be sprayed; chlorosis can be sprayed with 0.1-0.2 ferrous sulfate solution; powdery mildew can be sprayed with Baume 0.3-0.5 degree sulfur mixture.

Root disease: the root of the stump bonsai is aging, which is easy to produce root rot or nodule disease caused by various bacteria and fungi. Attention should be paid to the disinfection of potted soil and the control of watering water.

The control of scale insects: the harm of scale insects is generally various. It is a pest that absorbs tree stump tree sap, and it is easy to cause soot disease, poor growth, yellow branches and leaves, early defoliation and so on. In addition to killing with manual brushes, 40% dimethoate EC 1000-1500 times solution can be used, or 80% dichlorvos 1000-1500 times solution can be used to kill it.

Red spider treatment: red spider is to absorb leaf juice to harm the leaves, after pests, the leaves show gray spots, and cause withered yellow shedding. The control method is to spray with 40% dimethoate emulsion 1500200 times solution or 1000 times solution of 50% parathion wettable powder.

Aphid control: there are many kinds of aphids and the harm is common. The leaves of the injured stumps are generally curled and drooping, and when they are serious, the leaves are black, dry and shedding. Control method: generally spray with 40% dimethoate 2000-300O times aqueous solution, once a week. Or spray it with an aqueous solution of 2.5% 800 to 1200 fish vines.

Pruning: bonsai trees are still growing. If they are allowed to grow naturally, unchecked, they will inevitably affect the shape of the trees and lose their artistic value. Therefore, it is necessary to prune in time, long-skill short cut, secret skill sparse cutting, in order to maintain beautiful tree posture and appropriate proportion.

Heart-picking: bonsai trees can remove their tips in order to restrain their high growth and promote the development of lateral techniques.

Picking buds: when bonsai trees grow many adventitious buds on their dry base or trunk, they should pick buds at any time so as not to sprout forked branches and affect the beauty of the tree.

Picking leaves: bonsai of foliage trees, the viewing period is often the period of new leaf germination, such as mechanical tree, pomegranate and other new leaves are red, through leaf removal treatment, trees can make new leaves several times a year, bright and pleasing to the eye, and improve their ornamental effect.

Pruning: bonsai trees often produce many new branches. in order to keep their appearance beautiful, we must always pay attention to repair skills. The way of trimming should be determined according to the shape of the tree. if it is a cloud shape, the branches should be trimmed into a flat shape. Generally hinder the beauty of dead branches, parallel branches, cross skills, etc., should be cut off in time.

Root pruning: combined with root pruning when turning the basin, the root system that is too dense and too long should be pruned, which can be considered according to the following circumstances. If the new root of the tree is underdeveloped and the root system is not covered with the bottom of the soil block, the original basin can still be used and the root system does not need to be trimmed. For the tree species with developed root system, if the fibrous root is densely covered with the bottom of the soil block, the larger basin should be replaced, the dense root system should be thinned, the old root should be removed, and a few new roots should be retained to turn the basin. Some old pile bonsai can be properly raised to increase its ornamental value when turning the basin. And prune off the old root and the root tip to loosen and fertilize the soil to promote the new root.

Turn the basin to change soil: bonsai trees grow in the basin for many years, the fibrous roots are covered with the bottom of the basin, watering is difficult to permeate and drain, and fertilizer is not easy to absorb, which will affect the normal growth of trees. Turn the basin can use the original basin or change a slightly larger basin, according to the size of the tree to decide. Changing soil can improve the ventilation and permeability of soil, increase soil nutrients, benefit the robust growth of bonsai trees and improve their ornamental effect.

The soil of tree stump changing basin is mainly humus soil, paddy soil, mountain mud and so on. When changing soil, some nutrients can be properly added to the soil to make it fermented and volatilized into late-acting nutrients in the soil, which can slowly benefit the tree stump. As for the grasp of the pH of the soil, it depends on the specific conditions of the tree species. When changing the basin, generally fix the sieve or tile at the bottom hole, first add the soil with larger particles to facilitate drainage, then put it into the stump, fill it into the culture with finer particles, insert it tightly with bamboo and stick, and determine the amount of water according to the situation of the tree species.

The turning of bonsai trees can be decided on the basis of the following aspects:

① generally turns the small bonsai every 1-2 years, the middle bonsai 2-3 years, and the large bonsai 3-5 years. If it is an old tree pile scene, it can be turned over every few years.

The tree species with vigorous growth and like fertilizer in ② have more times of potting and shorter interval years, while those with slow growth and less fertilizer need less pots and longer interval years. The old pile scene of pine and cypress should not be turned over more.

③ has luxuriant branches and leaves, and the tree species with well-developed roots should turn the pot frequently. Turning the basin can be determined by the growth of the roots. when the soil is not dry or wet, turn the basin upside down and beat the bottom of the basin with hands, so that all the trees with soil roots are poured out to check the soil block consolidation and root distribution. if the soil block is hardened and the root system is densely covered with the bottom of the soil block, it means that the basin must be turned over.

The best time to turn the basin is to choose the dormant period of trees, mostly in early spring or late autumn. If you retain more of the original soil, you can turn the basin at any time, not limited by the season. If you need to replace most or all of the land, you should strictly choose the appropriate period of turning the basin.

4. Placement and protection

The placement of the tree stump bonsai should also be determined according to the characteristics of the tree species, and should generally be placed in a ventilated and transparent place with a certain space humidity, insufficient sunlight, poor ventilation and no certain space humidity, which can make the plants yellow and dry, leading to the occurrence of diseases and insect pests and even death. However, some tree species like shade, and some stumps need more sunlight, so measures such as shading or shading should be taken. For example, some evergreen broad-leaved or non-broad-leaved trees, such as yellow poplar, rhododendron and camellia, mostly like shade, while crape myrtle, ginkgo, begonia and other sunny trees should be decided according to the specific situation. Some tree stump bonsai is also cold-resistant or non-cold-resistant, and the non-cold-resistant stumps generally have to enter the greenhouse maintenance and management in winter, such as banyan tree, Fujian tea and so on.