Propagation methods and daily maintenance management of sweet-scented osmanthus

How to grow sweet-scented osmanthus? The following article introduces the growing environment, variety and reproduction methods of sweet-scented osmanthus. Let's take a look at how sweet-scented osmanthus is planted.

1 morphological characteristics, distribution and habitat of sweet-scented osmanthus

1.1 morphological characteristics of Osmanthus fragrans

Osmanthus fragrans are evergreen trees or shrubs up to 18m with grayish brown skin and overlapping buds. Simple leaves leathery opposite, long elliptic, long 7~14cm, apex acuminate, base cuneate, entire or upper part serrate, both surfaces glabrous. Cymes clustered in leaf axils, flowers yellowish white or orange, fragrant. Drupe purple-black, obliquely oval. The flowering period is from September to early October and the fruiting period is March of the following year.

1.2 Distribution of Osmanthus fragrans producing area

Sweet-scented osmanthus belongs to Oleaceae, evergreen shrubs to small trees. It is distributed in the Yangtze River basin and its south, north subtropical deciduous and evergreen broad-leaved mixed forest, middle subtropical evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forest, and southern subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest. China is the hometown of sweet-scented osmanthus, which has been cultivated for more than 2500 years. Wild species grow in Sichuan, Yunnan, Hunan, Jiangsu and other places, and are widely planted in the Huaihe River basin and the south. The suitable area can reach the lower reaches of the Yellow River in the north and Liangguang, Hainan and other places in the south.

1.3 suitable environment for osmanthus fragrans

Osmanthus fragrans prefer warm and humid, avoid stagnant water, light is slightly resistant to shade and light for 6-8 hours a day, with strong stress resistance but not cold resistance, slightly acidic sandy loam with deep soil layer, good drainage and rich humus, avoid alkalinity, and has resistance to HF and Cl2 and has adsorption capacity.

2 varieties and ornamental properties of Osmanthus fragrans

2.1 Common variety lines

At present, 32 sweet-scented osmanthus varieties are preliminarily sorted out and divided into 4 variety groups.

① breed group. The characteristic is that the angle between the main vein and the lateral vein of the leaf is large and nearly vertical. Including big leaf four seasons cinnamon, leaflet four seasons cinnamon.

② breed group. Evergreen shrubs, dioecious, crown globose. The bark is light gray and smooth, and the lenticels are sparse. Including big flower cinnamon, cinnamon cinnamon, broad leaf red and so on.

③ breed group. Small evergreen trees with strong, gray leather and round or oval lenticels. Including Dahua Jin Gui, Liu Ye Su Gui, Boye Jingui and so on.

④ breed group. The tree has a round crown, dense branches and leaves, and grows well. The skin is light gray, the lenticels are many and large, like snowflakes. Including Baijie, pure white silver cinnamon, Qingshan silver cinnamon and so on.

2.2 varieties of Osmanthus fragrans

There are several varieties of sweet-scented osmanthus.

① Sijigui group, 18 species. The flowers are white or yellow, with a long florescence and bloom several times from May to September.

② Dangui group, 37 species. Orange-red or orange-red flowers that bloom in autumn

③ Jingui group, 43 species. Yellow flowers, blooming in autumn

④ Yingui group, 56 species. The flowers are nearly white and blossom in autumn.

2.3 ornamental quality of Osmanthus fragrans

Sweet-scented osmanthus evergreen all the year round, flowering in the middle of autumn, fragrance floating in several miles, fragrance overflowing. As a famous ornamental plant, sweet-scented osmanthus is often planted in courtyards, parks or temples. Modern gardens are often planted in lawns, open spaces, and can also be used as street trees or hedges, configured with rocks, pines and cypresses, with good results. There are many good places to admire Guilin in our country, such as the landscape of Guilin, which is the first in the world, there is a saying that "Guilin Guilin, osmanthus trees become a forest"; Jinling, the ancient capital, has six laurel spots, namely, Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, Xuanwu Lake, Pearl Spring, Yuhuatai, Nanlin University (Global Osmanthus Research Center) and South normal University. The first Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, the scenic spot planted more than 20,000 osmanthus trees, more than 40 varieties, sweet-scented osmanthus exhibition will be held every year, attracting many people to come to see.

3 Propagation methods of Osmanthus fragrans

Osmanthus fragrans are mainly propagated asexually, such as grafting, sowing, striping, cutting and so on. The relevant details vary slightly from variety to variety, as follows.

3.1 Osmanthus fragrans grafting

The rootstock can use privet, white wax and so on. It is suitable for spring and summer, and the survival rate of grafting is high in cloudy or rainy days. Before sprouting in early spring, the rootstock was cut off at 5cm above the ground, and the strong branches of one to two-year-old 10~12cm were selected to cut the two sides of the base into a 45 °slope. Cut one knife longitudinally at about 1 stroke on one side of the rootstock, deep 2~3cm. Insert the scion into the incision to align the cambium, bind it tightly, and bury it in the soil. The disadvantage is that the affinity is poor and the interface heals slowly.

3.2 Osmanthus fragrans striping method

There are two kinds of low pressure and high pressure. ① low voltage. It is necessary to select the mother plant of low branched or tufted sweet-scented osmanthus. From spring to early summer, the branches of the lower one-to-two-year-old flexible parts are cut or peeled around to reach the xylem, pressed into the deep grooves of 3~5cm and fixed. ② high voltage. One-to two-year-old branches were selected from the mother tree in spring. after girdling, the wound was wrapped in a culture medium and fastened in a plastic bag. In the process of culture, the substrate was kept moist all the time, and the roots were cut off from the mother plant in autumn. The disadvantage is that it has some limitations, such as season, mother plant and so on.

3.3 Osmanthus fragrans cutting method

Before sprouting in spring, select one-year-old, fully developed branches and cut them into 5~10cm length. The upper part has 2-3 leaves, which are inserted in the river sand or loess seedbed, and the plant row spacing is 3cm × 20cm. Timely irrigation and shading, keeping the temperature at 20 ~ 25 ℃ and relative humidity at 85% 90% can take root for 2 months. The disadvantage is the same as the strip pressing method.

4Cuttage management

At present, the field production is mainly tender branch short spike cuttage, this is because this method is convenient to obtain materials, easy to operate and high survival rate, which is briefly summarized as follows.

4.1 cutting time

It should be carried out from mid-May to mid-July or from mid-September to mid-October every year. Because at this time, the new shoots complete vegetative growth, store more nutrients, have a strong ability of tissue division, and the external temperature is suitable, so it is easy to root.

4.2 nursery site selection

The nursery should choose the slightly acidic sandy soil with deep matrix, loose and fertile soil and good drainage. The seedbed should be leveled according to the specification of width × height × footpath width = 0.90m × 0.15m × 0.40m, and the soil should be disinfected with FeSO475kg/hm2. The border surface can be covered with a shading net with a shed height of 2m and a shading rate of 50%.

4.3 selection and treatment of cuttings

The excellent sweet-scented osmanthus plant with exuberant growth and no diseases and insect pests was used as the mother tree. The annual semi-lignified shoots in the upper part of the crown were cut as cuttings, and the sunny branches in the middle and upper parts were the best. Cut each panicle into 8~10cm, keep 2 leaves in the upper part, cut flat at the top, cut obliquely at the base, bind them into small handfuls, soak them in 1 ABT rooting powder of 110000 for 1 hour, and cut them in bed according to the diameter grade. The depth of penetration is 2max 3 of cuttings, the row spacing is 3cm × 20cm, and 1.5 million plants / hm2 can be inserted.

4.4 Post-plug Management

After cutting, water is irrigated or sprayed in time, and shaded, keeping the temperature at 20: 25 ℃, soil moisture at about 50%, and air relative humidity at 85%-90%. After 7 days, CuSO4 aqueous solution was used to sterilize the seedbed. Depending on the degree of dryness of the weather, spray water once every 2 to 4 hours during the day to keep the leaves moist. At the beginning of cutting, the shade degree of the shade is kept at about 80%; after 10 days, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or 0.5% calcium superphosphate and 0.1% urea solution are sprayed once, and the grass is pulled frequently; after 1 month, the seedlings basically take root, the film can be removed and the light can be increased. Keep irrigating once or twice a month, and 0.05% foliar fertilizer Yemanbao can be applied. After April, the sunshade net should be removed to refine the seedlings. When the seedling height is 6~8cm, 5% topdressing CO (NH2) 2 should be added in time, sprayed once every 15 days, for 3 times in a row. It can be transplanted into the pot from September to October or the spring of the following year.

The above is the whole content of sweet-scented osmanthus varieties, ornamental and reproduction methods. Please read it carefully if you are interested in sweet-scented osmanthus planting.

Techniques of sweet-scented osmanthus culture matters needing attention in daily management of home culture of sweet-scented osmanthus

Sweet-scented osmanthus is a good tree species for processing bonsai because of its luxuriant branches, evergreen seasons, intertwined roots, beautiful posture, gorgeous flowers and fruits, fragrant flowers, strong sprouting, pruning resistance, long life and other biological characteristics. Sweet-scented osmanthus is a kind of flower that many flower friends like to breed. What are the cultivation techniques of sweet-scented osmanthus? Let's take a look at the cultivation techniques of sweet-scented osmanthus.

I. appearance characteristics

Sweet-scented osmanthus has a strong aroma. Flowers axillary Cymes, flowers are small and fragrant, flower color varies from variety to variety. There are cinnamon with strong growth potential, stout branches, large leaf shape, rough leaf surface, dark green leaves and orange-red flowers; silver cinnamon with medium growth, smooth leaf surface, serrated leaf margin, milky white flowers, dense flowers and sweet fragrance The growth potential is strong, the leaf surface is smooth, the leaf margin is sparse serrated or entire, the flower is light yellow, the flower is sparse, light fragrance, in addition to blooming at the same time as the above varieties from September to October in autumn, it can also bloom every 2 or 3 months. Cinnamon and four seasons cinnamon, the fruit is a purple-black drupe, commonly known as cinnamon. Osmanthus fragrans seedlings have obvious main roots, and the roots are developed and deep. The young roots are yellowish brown and the old roots are yellowish brown. The root system of grafted seedlings varies with rootstocks, and cuttings are easy to grow adventitious roots everywhere in the soil, but there is no obvious main root. Osmanthus fragrans has strong branching and low technical points, especially in its infancy, because it is often shrubby for a long time. After close planting or pruning, it can become an obvious trunk. Bark rough, grayish brown or grayish white, sometimes showing lenticels. The leaf surface is smooth, leathery, adaxial surface is dark green, abaxial face is more talked about; oval, long oval, ovate, Obovate, lanceolate, oblanceolate, long needle-shaped to ovate-lanceolate.

2. Living environment

Sweet-scented osmanthus likes warm environment and is suitable to grow in acid sandy soil with deep soil layer, good drainage, fertile and rich humus. Do not tolerate drought and barren, in the shallow and barren soil, the growth is very slow, the branches and leaves are sparse, the leaves are thin and small, the leaves are yellowing, do not blossom or rarely bloom, and even have periodic withering phenomenon, and the whole plant of sweet-scented osmanthus dies in serious cases; it likes sunlight, but it has a certain ability to tolerate shade. Young trees need a certain amount of shade, and relatively sufficient light is required after adulthood to ensure the normal growth of sweet-scented osmanthus. It is observed that when one side of the crown of a single sweet-scented osmanthus tree is close to the wall, or when the crowns of two sweet-scented osmanthus trees overlap with each other, the part of the crown close to the wall or the overlapping part of the crown quickly becomes sparse, affecting the shape and beauty of the whole crown. It can be seen that sweet-scented osmanthus is suitable for planting in ventilated and transparent places; sweet-scented osmanthus likes a clean and ventilated environment and is not resistant to smoke and dust, and often cannot blossom after being harmed by smoke and dust; if it suffers from waterlogging, the root system will blacken and rot, and the leaf tip will first scorch, and then the whole leaf will wither and fall off, which will lead to the death of the whole plant. It is not very hardy, but compared with other evergreen broad-leaved tree species, it is still a relatively hardy tree species, which provides more possibilities for potted sweet-scented osmanthus in the north. The fruit of sweet-scented osmanthus also depends on the variety, many of which are fruitless.

Third, the following five points should be paid attention to in daily management:

1. It is difficult to manage the water of potted sweet-scented osmanthus by avoiding excessive watering. Too much watering often leads to overgrowth, poor drainage, stagnant water in the basin and easy to cause rotten roots, so daily maintenance must pay attention not to more watering, even if more water is needed in the early flowering period to avoid pot soil too wet. The stagnant water in the basin should be removed in time after rain, and watering should be properly controlled during flowering, otherwise it will cause serious falling flowers. In case of autumn rain, you should immediately move the flowerpot into the balcony or the porch under the shelter from the rain and wind, and try to make use of the gap between the two overcast and rain, so that the plant to receive more light.

2. Do not overshade the long sunshine plants of sweet-scented osmanthus and like strong light. If the plant does not get enough light during the growth period, it will cause its branches and leaves to grow, affect the formation of flower buds, and cause it can not blossom.

3. Keeping sufficient nutrients for potted sweet-scented osmanthus without changing pots and soil for many years will lead to insufficient nutrition of plants, root knots can not be extended, and affect flowering. For this reason, potted sweet-scented osmanthus should be changed every 1 to 2 years, and a small amount of hoof should be used as base fertilizer, and more phosphorus and potash fertilizer should be applied during the whole growing period.

4. Strengthen winter maintenance after entering the house in winter, it should be put in a low temperature place to make it dormant, so that it can thrive and flourish in the following year. For example, if the room temperature is higher, sweet-scented osmanthus can not be fully dormant, which will make it sprout and spread leaves ahead of time, resulting in thin branches and consuming a lot of nutrients. After leaving the room in spring, it is easy to wither and die in case of drought and wind.

Too much watering in winter or lack of light at the placement site can easily cause a large number of fallen leaves and affect flowering in the coming year.

5. To prevent smoke and dust pollution, sweet-scented osmanthus is not resistant to smoke and dust. if it is allowed to grow in a place with dirty air, it will lead to poor growth, smaller leaves and easy shedding, with little or no flowering.

4. Cultivation techniques of sweet-scented osmanthus

1. Variety selection

The flowering time of different varieties of sweet-scented osmanthus is also different. for example, laurel and four seasons osmanthus are early flowering varieties, which bloom several times a year, and some varieties need a long vegetative growth period from seedling raising to flowering, such as Jin Gui, Yingui, Dangui and so on. it often takes several years to bloom. Therefore, try to choose a short, handsome and strong early flower to plant.

2. Preparation of basin soil

Sweet-scented osmanthus likes to grow in slightly acidic soil rich in humus (the PH value should be 5.6 Mel é 6). Do not grow in alkaline soil or clayey soil. 4 parts of humus soil, 3 parts of sand and 3 parts of mature barnyard manure can be mixed with a small amount of fish scales, bone meal, etc., or mixed with 5 parts of mountain mud, 3 parts of rotten leaf soil and 2 parts of sand. In order to overcome the alkalinity of soil and water quality, during the growing period, 0.1% murmur0.2% ferrous sulfate solution is sprayed every half month or so to make its branches and leaves dark green, which is also beneficial to growth.

3. Timely watering

The frequency of watering sweet-scented osmanthus depends on the weather and plant growth at that time. Generally, it is watered once every three days in spring; in summer, the temperature is high and the evaporation is large, which coincides with the stage of sweet-scented osmanthus development and flower bud differentiation, which is watered once a day; in the first and middle of September, the potted soil needs to be kept moist, otherwise it is not easy to bloom. But in the flowering period, can not pour water, in order to prevent falling flowers. Drain water in time on cloudy and rainy days to prevent stagnant water from rotting the roots. At ordinary times, it is appropriate to keep the water content of the basin soil about 50%. Before entering the room in winter, it should be watered once, during the maintenance period, every 10 days or so, at noon on a sunny day, but the water temperature is close to the room temperature.

4. Skillfully applying topdressing

Sweet-scented osmanthus like fertilizer, need to strengthen topdressing, 4-May, once every half month or so, 6-July, fertilizing every 7-Mel every 10 days. It was applied for the last time in early August, so that sweet-scented osmanthus not only grew luxuriantly, but also blossomed more and fragrant. Can use rotten cake fertilizer water, chicken, duck and pigeon dung, fish scale water, calcium superphosphate and bone meal and so on, if the fertilizer is insufficient, there will be fewer branches, flowers, and not fragrant.

5. Proper pruning

Osmanthus fragrans have developed roots and strong germination. Adult sweet-scented osmanthus trees are smoked slightly twice a year. Therefore, in order to make it blossom and flourish, the physiological balance of reproductive growth and vegetative growth should be maintained, and proper shaping and pruning must be carried out. After the Mid-Autumn Festival, cut off all the overgrown branches in summer and autumn, leaving the strong spring branches, and then cut off the thin and weak branches, dense branches, disease and insect branches before sprouting next spring. In this way, it is not only conducive to ventilation and light, but also completely concentrate nutrients on spring branches and flower buds, which creates a good prerequisite for autumn flowering and can achieve the effect of "killing a few birds with one stone".

The above is the relevant introduction of this article, I believe you have a simple understanding of this after reading it, if necessary, you can continue to pay attention to the No. 1 home network to learn more information.

Culture methods and matters needing attention of Osmanthus fragrans

Sweet-scented osmanthus is a common name for many trees of the genus Oleacea in China, also known as rock cinnamon, rhinoceros, golden millet and so on. It is an excellent garden tree species that integrates greening, beautification and fragrance. It is pure and dusty and can be called unique. It has been deeply loved by the Chinese since ancient times and is regarded as a traditional famous flower. Let's take a look at the breeding methods and matters needing attention of sweet-scented osmanthus.

Growth habits of Osmanthus fragrans

The main results are as follows: 1. Osmanthus fragrans like to be warm and have strong stress resistance. it can survive the winter in the open field in the areas south of Qinling Mountains and Huaihe River in China.

2. Osmanthus fragrans prefer sunshine and can tolerate shade. Under full light, its branches and leaves grow luxuriantly, blossom densely, and grow sparsely in shade.

3. Sweet-scented osmanthus is moist, afraid of flooding and stagnant water, but it also has a certain ability to withstand drought, which may lead to the death of the whole plant in the event of waterlogging.

4. sweet-scented osmanthus is not strict on soil, and can grow except alkaline soil and low-lying land or soil which is too sticky and poorly drained.

Propagation methods of Osmanthus fragrans

1. Sowing: the fruit of sweet-scented osmanthus usually matures from April to May. After harvest, the fruit is drenched with water, the pulp is removed, the seeds are dried naturally in a cool place, and stored with mixed sand. After sand storage, they can be sowed in autumn or spring. Before sowing, the ground should be well prepared, and enough basic fertilizer should be applied. It can also be sowed in the indoor seedbed. When sowing, put the seed navel on the side to avoid the bending of radicle and young stem, which will affect the growth of seedlings in the future.

2. Grafting: sweet-scented osmanthus cut rootstocks from 5 cm above ground before spring germination, cut 1-2-year-old stout branches 10-12 cm long, cut 2-3 cm on one side of the base, cut into a 45-degree slope on the opposite side, cut longitudinally at about 1-inch 3 on one side of the rootstock, about 2-3 cm deep, insert the scion into the incision, align the cambium, bind it with a plastic bag, and then bury it in the soil.

3. Cutting: Osmanthus fragrans cuttings are usually cut into 5-10 cm long with annual branches before sprouting in spring, the lower leaves are cut off, and 2-3 green leaves are left in the upper part, which are inserted in the river sand or loess seedbed, with a row spacing of 3-20 cm, timely irrigation or spraying after planting, and shading, keeping the temperature 20: 25 ℃, and relative humidity 85: 90% can take root and transplant 2 months.

4. Striping: the low-pressure method of sweet-scented osmanthus is to select the flexible parts of the 1-2-year-old branches in the lower part of the low dry mother tree from spring to early summer, cut or girdled into grooves 3-5 cm deep and fix the pressed branches with wood strips. The high-pressure method is to cut or peel 1-2-year-old stout branches from the mother tree in spring with the same low-pressure method, then smear the wound with culture medium, fasten it up and down with plastic bags, and cut off the mother plant for maintenance in autumn.

Culture methods of Osmanthus fragrans

1, basin soil: sweet-scented osmanthus does not have high requirements for soil. The basin soil can be mixed with humus soil or peat, garden soil, sand or river sand (proportion is 5:3:2). After production, the pH should be kept at 5.5-6.5, and the culture soil should be disinfected with 0.1% potassium permanganate solution before loading the pot.

2. Watering: sweet-scented osmanthus watering should grasp the principle of not drying and watering thoroughly, and spray clear water to the leaves once a day. After the Qingming Festival, the sweet-scented osmanthus should be watered once in the open air, which should be watered in the morning and evening in summer and around noon in winter.

3. Fertilization: Osmanthus fragrans should be supplied with sufficient fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer should be applied twice during shoot shooting, and phosphorus fertilizer should be applied mainly before flower bud differentiation and flowering. The basin soil should be a little drier before fertilization, and the soil should be loosened first, and should be watered once the next day of fertilization.

3. Pour the basin: sweet-scented osmanthus usually change the soil every 2-3 years, cut off part of the old and withered roots, cover the bottom of the basin with a layer of river sand or vermiculite to facilitate ventilation and drainage, and place rotten cake fertilizer as base fertilizer, the fill must be compacted.

4. Pruning: the shaping of sweet-scented osmanthus should be carried out after autumn. the plants with poor tree shape can cut off the whole top branches at 2 + 3 or 3 + 4. The plants with too dense branches should be thinned, and the overgrown branches, withered branches, disease and insect branches and dense thin branches should be cut off after flowering.

5. Overwintering: sweet-scented osmanthus overwintering room temperature is 0: 5 ℃, relative humidity is 50: 80%. The light in the cold room should be good in winter, especially before the early spring buds began to sprout. Grain Rain was arranged to go out of the room the next year, and first concentrated in the outdoor leeward and sunny place after leaving the room.

6. Diseases: the common diseases of sweet-scented osmanthus are leaf spot, coal pollution, algal spot, root rot, iron deficiency and so on. Leaf spot, coal pollution and algal spot can be controlled by spraying Bordeaux or carbendazim. Root rot should keep the soil loose and permeable and do not accumulate water.

7. Insect pests: the common pests of sweet-scented osmanthus are leaf wasp, whitefly, mite, long white scale, yellow moth and so on. Leaf wasp, whitefly and mites can be sprayed with dimethoate, and the scale can be sprayed with omethoate or fenitrothion when removing the first and second generation nymphs.

Matters needing attention of Osmanthus fragrans

1. The water management of potted sweet-scented osmanthus is very difficult, too much watering often leads to overgrowth, poor drainage and stagnant water in the basin are easy to cause rotten roots, so daily maintenance must pay attention to not watering too much, even in the early stage of flowering, it is necessary to avoid too wet basin soil.

2. Sweet-scented osmanthus is a long sunshine plant, which likes strong light. If the plant does not get enough light during its growth, it will cause its branches and leaves to grow too long, affect the formation of flower buds, and cause it can not blossom, so do not over-shade when breeding.

3. Potted sweet-scented osmanthus does not change pots and soil for many years, which will lead to insufficient nutrition of plants, root knots can not be extended, affecting flowering. For this reason, potted sweet-scented osmanthus should be changed every 1 to 2 years, and a small amount of hoof should be used as base fertilizer, and more phosphorus and potash fertilizer should be applied during the whole growing period.

4. Potted sweet-scented osmanthus should be dormant at low temperature after entering the room in winter. For example, if the room temperature is higher, sweet-scented osmanthus can not get full dormancy, which will make it sprout and spread leaves ahead of time, resulting in thin branches and consuming a lot of nutrients. After leaving the room in spring, it is easy to wither and die in case of drought.

5. Potted sweet-scented osmanthus is not tolerant to smoke and dust. if it is allowed to grow in a place with dirty air, it will lead to poor growth, smaller leaves and easy shedding, and little or no flowering, so it is necessary to prevent sweet-scented osmanthus from being polluted by smoke and dust during breeding.