How do you grow trichosanthin? High-yield cultivation techniques of Trichosanthes

   Trichosanthes, also known as pollen, Trichosanthes root, Trichosanthes root, its dried root is a valuable traditional Chinese medicine, which can be ripe and dug in autumn and winter, washed and peeled, and dried. The following is to introduce the high-yield cultivation techniques of trichosanthin.

   I. morphological characteristics

   is a perennial climbing vine with a length of 5 ~ 6 meters. Tuber root hypertrophy, cylindrical, slightly twisted, this product is irregular cylindrical, spindle-shaped or valve-shaped, fertile land as long as 50~80cm, diameter up to 5.5cm. The skin is light grayish yellow and the cross section is white. Dioecious, with strong male roots, used for the production of trichosanthin, and female fruit, intercropped with a small number of male plants, used to produce Trichosanthes. The flowering period is from July to August and the fruiting period is from September to October.

   II. Growth habits

   Trichosanthes likes warm, moist and sunny environment, is resistant to drought but afraid of long-term stagnant water, and its suitable PH value is between 6.2 and 7.5. it is not suitable to be planted in saline-alkali land. The root has a strong tendency to fertilizer, and it likes to be fertilized and tolerant. It can grow well when the lowest temperature is not less than-15 ℃ and the frost-free period is about 200 days.

   III. Cultivation techniques

   Trichosanthes is a cross-pollinated plant, which can be divided into wild and cultivated species. The cultivated species can be divided into Trichosanthes kirilowii and Trichosanthes kirilowii. Trichosanthes kirilowii is an excellent variety. In addition, there are bilateral Trichosanthes kirilowii, Chuangui Trichosanthes, southern Trichosanthes kirilowii and so on.

   (1) Land selection and land preparation

   trichosanthin is suitable for planting in white sandy soil or sandy loam soil. Trichosanthes is a deep-rooted plant, so it is better to choose sandy loam with deep, fertile, loose, permeable, well drained and irrigated soil. Planted in this kind of soil, the root is thick and short, the skin is delicate, easy to harvest, labor-saving and labor-saving.

   turns the soil deeply before freezing in the first year, rotary ploughing and digging more than 80cm, and the soil should be dried thoroughly so that the soil is fully weathered and mature. In the following spring, it was leveled and raked fine, and the border was made for sowing. Combined with sun-cured soil filling, 2500-3000 kg of rotten high-quality barnyard manure, 30-50 kg of calcium superphosphate or calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 20 kg of potash or 1000 kg of plant ash and 0.5 kg of boron fertilizer are applied per mu.

   (2) Propagation methods

   can be propagated by seed, pressing vine and split root, and the production is mainly divided root propagation.

   1. Seed propagation

   select full, disease-and pest-free seeds from Qingming Festival to grain rain, soak them in warm water of 40 cm ~ 50 C for 24 hours, take out a little cool, mix them with 3 times wet sand, and accelerate germination at 20 C ~ 30 C. when most of the seeds are cracked, they can be sowed according to 20: 12 rows and plants at a depth of about 4 cm, sowing 3 seeds per hole, covering soil 3 cm ~ 4 cm, and watering to keep the soil moist. The seedlings can emerge in 15-20 days.

   2. Pressure vine propagation.

   has the characteristic of adventitious root growth. When Rain Water is sufficient and the temperature is high in summer, the strong vine is pulled into the ground, and the soil is pressed at the base of the leaf. After rooting, the stem branch can be truncated to form a new plant. However, the growth of this method is slow, and it is generally only used to replenish seedlings.

   3. Split root propagation

   takes place from March to April in the north and from October to late December in the south. The fresh root of the high-quality male plant with a diameter of 3 cm ~ 5 cm and a white cross section was cut into small segments 6 cm ~ 10 cm long. The hole was planted according to the plant spacing of 20 cm and the row spacing of 35 cm. The depth of the hole was 10 cm ~ 12 cm. A section of seed root was placed in each hole, and the soil was covered with 4 cm ~ 5 cm. Compaction with hands, re-cultivation of soil 10 cm ~ 15 cm, so that into a small mound, in order to preserve soil moisture. When sprouting begins about 20 days after planting, remove the moisture soil above. 100kg ~ 150kg of roots are needed per mu. When using this method, attention should be paid to the selection of male roots. The old roots with yellow tendons in the cross section are not easy to survive and sprout and should not be used as seed roots.

   (3) Field Management

   1. Seedling management: watering in time after planting to keep the ground moist. After the seedlings come out, they should be ploughed, weeded and watered in time. In case of dry climate, we should often drench water, keep the cave soil moist, and promote the seedlings to be unearthed quickly.

   2. Topdressing irrigation: Trichosanthes can not be fertilized many times because the stems cover the ground during the growth period. After the seedlings come out, when the stem vines grow to 30cm, combined with weeding, 100kg compound fertilizer can be trenched beside the field, covered with soil and watered. Before and after the summer festival, it is the root expansion period, should be combined with watering, 15 kg urea per mu.

   3, set up and introduce vines: when the stems grow to 30cm in spring, you need to build a shed or pole support, which is about 1.5m high, and you need to manually assist the introduction of vines on the shelf.

   4, pruning and branching: while setting up the frame to draw the vine, get rid of the excess stem vine, leaving only 2 or 3 strong vines per plant. When the main vine grows to 2 ~ 3 meters, remove the terminal bud and promote it to produce more lateral branches. The stem vines on the shelf should be arranged in time to make them evenly distributed.

   5. Removal of flower buds: for the purpose of harvesting root trichosanthin, the small flower buds of the early reproductive body should be removed in time during the budding stage of the plant from July to August, so as to prevent or reduce the nutrient consumption of the reproductive body during flowering, so as to promote the growth of root tuber vegetative bodies and increase the yield of trichosanthin.

   (4) Disease and pest control

The prevention and control of    diseases and insect pests should be based on the environmental protection policy and prevention principle of protecting the environment and maintaining ecological balance, adopt the combination of biological control and chemical control, prohibit the use of national prohibited pesticides, and fully consider the safety of interplanting crops. Clearing the garden in winter can greatly reduce the base number of overwintering diseases and insect pests and reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests in the coming year.

   diseases: root knot nematode, powdery mildew, vine blight, anthrax, root rot and so on.

   pests: mainly aphids, Huangshou melon, black melon, melon silk borer, through-wing moth and so on.

   (5) harvesting and processing

The male plant of    Trichosanthes kirilowii can be harvested in the same year if its fertility is adequate and managed properly. The growth period is too long, the powder quality is reduced and the quality is poor. Those reserved as seedlings were dug up when the roots and seedlings were not unearthed in early spring. After the commercial trichosanthin is beaten with frost on the ground, all the roots and stems are dug out. On the same day, take advantage of the fresh Chu Zhu to brush the Trichosanthes in the water, then quickly remove the skin, show white, and clean the Reed head. If the block is large, it will be cut into 4 sections or cut longitudinally first and then cut into pieces, which will be dried or dried directly. When drying, it is necessary to prevent the soaking of rain, frost and snow, otherwise it is easy to change color.

The processed products of    trichosanthin are dry, stout, clean and smooth, white and pink, and those without insect mildew are of high quality. The goods are divided into three grades: the first class: the length of the strip is 15 cm, the middle circumference is more than 14 cm; the second level: the length of the strip is 15 cm, the middle circumference is more than 10 cm; the third grade, the length of the strip is 7 cm, and the middle circumference is more than 7 cm.

The annual demand of    Trichosanthes is 2000 tons. Planting Trichosanthis requires deep sandy loam. Due to the effort of manual excavation and cleaning and peeling before drying, the price of Trichosanthes is in the range of 12-24 in recent years, so it is suitable for professional growers to develop planting.

High-yield cultivation techniques of Trichosanthes kirilowii

Trichosanthes generally refers to Trichosanthes kirilowii, Trichosanthes kirilowii (Latin scientific name: Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim.) alias Diaogua (Wenzhou Wencheng), Laogua (Wenzhou). Root (traditional Chinese medicine named Trichosanthes), fruit (traditional Chinese medicine name Lou Shi), pericarp (Chinese medicine name Trichosanthes kirilowii), seed (Trichosanthes kirilowii), Cucurbitaceae Trichosanthes kirilowii is a perennial climbing herb, up to 10 meters long. Rhizome fleshy, Terete, bark yellow. Stems much branched, glabrous; leaves alternate, suborbicular or cordate, dioecious; male flowers several racemes, few solitary, Corolla lobes Obovate, female flowers solitary, ovary ovate, fruit nearly globose, orange-red when ripe, flowering period from July to November.

Trichosanthes kirilowii has antipyretic and thirsty, diuretic, antitussive and expectorant effects. Seeds contain fat flower oil; fruits contain triterpenoid saponins, organic acids, resins, sugars and pigments; roots contain proteins, saponins and acids. It is distributed in most areas of our country.

Trichosanthes is a perennial herbaceous vine wild medicinal plant, and its roots, shells and kernels have medicinal value. In recent years, after full investigation and research, Qianshan County thinks that there are broad prospects for the development of Trichosanthes industry. The full text of the original. How can Trichosanthes be cultivated for high yield

Speaking of Trichosanthes, perhaps many people are not particularly familiar with it and think that it is a fruit that can be eaten, but Trichosanthes also has certain medicinal effects, and its market share is not particularly common, because many people do not know much about it.

What is Trichosanthes?

Trichosanthes kirilowii, alias balsam pear (Yueqing), hanging melon (Wenzhou Wencheng), old crow melon (Wenzhou). Root (traditional Chinese medicine named Trichosanthes), fruit (traditional Chinese medicine name Lou Shi), pericarp (Chinese medicine name Trichosanthes kirilowii), seed (Trichosanthes kirilowii), Cucurbitaceae Trichosanthes kirilowii is a perennial climbing herb, up to 10 meters long. Rhizome fleshy, Terete, bark yellow. Stems much branched, glabrous; leaves alternate, suborbicular or cordate, dioecious; male flowers several racemes, few solitary, Corolla lobes Obovate, female flowers solitary, ovary ovate, fruit nearly globose, orange-red when ripe, flowering period from July to November. So if Trichosanthes wants to have a high yield, how to cultivate it?

How can Trichosanthes be cultivated for high yield

1. Soil preparation and fertilization

Select high-lying, well-drained fields, intensive cultivation, combined with soil preparation, apply sufficient basic fertilizer: 3000 kg of soil miscellaneous fertilizer, 20 kg of urea and 50 kg of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer per mu. And then make a high bed 1.5 meters wide. Waiting to sow seeds.

2. Sowing seeds

Seed and root tuber are often used in Trichosanthes kirilowii production. The sowing time is spring sowing. The seeds were treated with accelerating germination before seed propagation and sowing. After the seeds were whitened, they were sown on the finished border surface according to the row spacing of 150 × 30 cm. Put 5 seeds in each hole. Water to preserve soil moisture to facilitate the emergence of seedlings. This method is often used for the purpose of harvesting trichosanthin.

3. Tuber propagation

The excellent plants with the results of 3 to 5 years were selected, and the underground tubers were dug out and cut into the middle segment of 5 cm and 7 cm long. After the wound healed, the seed segment was planted on the whole border according to the plant spacing of 150 × 30 cm, which was beneficial to the pollination of Trichosanthes kirilowii. If plastic film mulching is used, the yield can be increased.

4. Field management

After the seedlings are collected, pay attention to ploughing and weeding. Watering immediately in dry weather; timely drainage in overcast and rainy weather. The Beginning of Autumn should be topdressing once a year: 10 kg of urea and 5 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per mu. 3000 kg of soil fertilizer is applied per mu in winter. In order to facilitate ventilation and light, we can properly interplant some high-stem crops such as corn and sorghum to climb.

Comprehensive control measures of diseases and insect pests

There are few diseases and insect pests to control the diseases of Trichosanthes kirilowii, if found, they can be controlled by conventional methods. The main diseases and pests are root-knot nematodes, and comprehensive control measures can be adopted in prevention and control.

1. During soil preparation, 10 kg of 5 grams of phosphorus granules per mu or 5 kg of 3% carbofuran should be evenly applied to the soil for control.

2. The seed segment of Trichosanthes kirilowii was soaked in the 800-fold solution of 4% isofloxacin for 15 minutes, and the nematodes on the seed segment were killed and then hung and then planted. Huangshou melon can be poisoned with 1000 times of trichlorfon. Aphids are killed with dimethoate.

The efficacy and function of Trichosanthes bark

1. Effect on cardiovascular system

The decoction of Trichosanthes bark has a certain inhibitory effect on drug-induced arrhythmia. The results showed that intraperitoneal injection of Trichosanthes bark decoction in advance could prevent ventricular fibrillation induced by calcium chloride in rats, increase the threshold dose of ventricular tachycardia induced by ouabain in guinea pigs, prolong the latent period of arrhythmias induced by aconitine in rats, but there was no significant difference in statistics.

2. The effect on digestive system

Trichosanthes contains diarrhea-causing substances, which have a cathartic effect on the human body. The purgative effect of Fructus Trichosanthis is relatively weak; the effect of fatty oil contained in Trichosanthes seed is relatively strong, while the cathartic effect of Gualou cream is relatively mild.

The ethanol extract of Trichosanthes kirilowii has an inhibitory effect on gastric mucosal injury caused by pylorus ligation, 5-hydroxytryptamine and ethanol hydrochloric acid, and Trichosanthes ethanol extract has a significant inhibitory effect on ileal contraction induced by acetylcholine in mice.

3. Antibacterial activity.

The in vitro test showed that Trichosanthes decoction or extract had inhibitory effect on gram-negative intestinal pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli, staphylococci, pneumococci, A-hemolytic streptococcus, influenza bacilli and so on. In addition, it also has inhibitory effect on dermatogenic fungi such as Trichophyton Alternaria and Nuca stellata.

4. anti-tumor effect.

In vitro experiments showed that Trichosanthes decoction and the extracts of Trichosanthes bark and semen Trichosanthis had killing effect on ascites cancer cells in mice. The anticancer effect of Fructus Trichosanthis in vitro was better than that of Trichosanthes kernel, and the effect of 60% ethanol extract was the strongest. The white-like amorphous powder obtained from the ether extract of Trichosanthes peel also has anticancer effect in vitro, but the seed shell and fatty oil are ineffective. Animal experiments showed that Trichosanthes had a certain inhibitory effect on sarcoma, but had no obvious effect on ascites cancer.

5. Other functions

It is proved that Gualou injection can obviously inhibit platelet aggregation and TXA2 synthesis induced by ADP and arachidonic acid, and the intensity of its effect is related to the dosage.

Intraperitoneal injection of Trichosanthes injection could also significantly reduce the maximum platelet aggregation rate and maximum platelet aggregation rate after coronary artery ligation for 1 hour and reperfusion for 23 hours. The effective component of Trichosanthes kirilowii has a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation induced by collagen, adenosine diphosphate and epinephrine. The inhibition of platelet aggregation by Trichosanthes may be related to the inhibition of platelet cyclooxygenase activity and the decrease of TXA2 formation.

With the continuous improvement of people's living standards and the continuous increase of knowledge, the role and value of Trichosanthes has been gradually known by more and more people, so the market prospect of planting Trichosanthes is still very good, and its market potential is still huge.