How to standardize field management when planting jasmine?

Jasmine, also known as jasmine, can be used to watch, make tea, or make an important flavor raw material. the main flowering time is from May to August. Now the editor will talk about some skills about planting jasmine and standardizing the management of field work.

Ploughing and weeding

To loosen the soil in time, remove nearby weeds, ploughing and weeding six to eight times a year. Because the root system of jasmine needs to provide loose and aerated soil environment to prevent the dispersion of nutrients, which is beneficial to the growth and development of jasmine root system.

Second, rational water management

The branches and leaves of Riley flowers are more luxuriant, and the increase of water is also large, so it is necessary to keep the soil moist. During the flower picking period, it is necessary to ensure that the water content in the field is in the range of 60% to 80%, water once in the morning and evening in summer, and only in the morning in autumn. when watering in winter, it is best to water every four or five days, the watering time is at noon, and the noon temperature is a little higher than other times, which can effectively prevent frozen roots from appearing. If you water it in a hot day in the morning, you can spray it through a sprayer. Wet the leaves of jasmine, which is beneficial to the luxuriant growth of jasmine.

III. Scientific fertilization

When the new shoots of jasmine sprouted, 1500 kilograms of rarefied human feces and urine and four kilograms of urea were applied per mu. When pruning in summer, it should be carried out in conjunction with ploughing and weeding. 500 to 1,000 kilograms of farm manure, 15 to 20 kilograms of urea, 35 to 50 kilograms of superphosphate and 25 kilograms of compound fertilizer should be applied per mu. During the budding period of jasmine, 50 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 150 grams of urea water and 40 kilograms of water were applied per mu. At the end of autumn blossom, fertilizing should be carried out every ten days to half a month. After White Dew, most of the flowering period is over, so there is no need to apply fertilizer. In the usual fertilization, it is necessary to apply fertilizer deeply through ditching, not directly. If a small amount of bone powder is applied appropriately, the fragrance can be thickened.

Fourth, pruning and topping

After transplanting, Riley seedlings should be pruned and cut leaves, which is conducive to the formation of high-yielding trees. However, the work of pruning and pruning leaves should be finished before the germination of jasmine. For jasmine plants growing more than six years old, the first buds will appear during the period from the Beginning of Summer to Lesser Fullness of Grain. This time, the number of buds is small, the flowers are also small, and the quality is not good. Therefore, in order to make full use of nutrients and promote more shoots, it is necessary to cut off the buds and branches of old jasmine plants. This is also the key measure to ensure that jasmine blossoms and blossoms well. During the flowering period, after picking each inflorescence, do a short cut. After each flower harvest in June, July and August, two pairs of leaves should be pruned.

V. Disease and pest control

The main diseases are white silk disease and withered branch disease caused by fungi. When there are diseased jasmine plants, it is necessary to control them in time, pull out the diseased plants or spread pentachloronitrobenzene to prevent and cure, or choose sclerotia net 40% or Shibaoke 25%. Or 500 to 800 times liquid irrigation or shoddy control, such as 40% pentachloronitrate stem, etc. The main pests are shell insects, red spiders and thrips, which can be sprayed with 1500 to 2, 000 times of dimethoate emulsion. after seven or eight days, they can be sprayed once, and the best time to spray is after picking flowers in the afternoon. Of course, when pests occur, they can also be fumigated in the plantation in the evening, which can drive away adults to lay eggs.

High-yield cultivation techniques of pollution-free jasmine jasmine is a natural spice crop for scenting jasmine tea. Jianwei County is a major jasmine planting county in Sichuan Province and a key flower demonstration county in the province. How to further improve the yield and quality and develop the production of high quality, high yield, high efficiency and pollution-free jasmine is a problem that needs to be solved seriously in the current production. The relevant achievements of many years of production practice and experimental research are sorted out as follows, which can be used as a reference for the development of pollution-free jasmine production.

First, timely transplanting and reasonable close planting, reasonable group cultivation of jasmine for high yield requires flat terrain, convenient drainage and irrigation, deep soil layer, loose and fertile loam, slightly acidic and neutral loam. The new planting site should be deeply turned over the Kang soil to promote ripening and the release of harmful substances. Open three ditches and perimeter ditches in the field and rule out waterlogging in the field. After the Kang soil, open the box ditch before transplanting, apply sufficient base fertilizer, mainly mature farm manure, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Fine preparation of the floor, leveling the surface of the box and then set aside. The transplanting time is generally from mid-late March to early April (spring planting) or from late September to early and mid-October (autumn planting), which is beneficial to improve the survival rate and reduce the production cost. The seedlings with a height of 25-30 cm, strong stem base with more than 2 branches, developed root system and no diseases and insect pests are cultivated, which is beneficial to healthy growth and early production. Field cultivation is generally double-row wrong nest or single-row single-nest planting, the implementation of standardized cultivation. Double row staggered nest planting according to row spacing of 50-60 cm, nest spacing of 20-25 cm, nest planting of double plants, 3000-4000 nests per mu. Single-row and single-nest cultivation according to row spacing of 50 cm, nest spacing of 30-40 cm, 2500-3000 nests per mu. It is suitable for 667m2 to plant 5000-6000 or 6000-10000 plants, which is too sparse and too dense, which is not conducive to the early formation of economic yield and the improvement of quality, and is not conducive to prolonging the flowering period. High-yield cultivation has entered the formal production period for three years to achieve 667m2 output of 400kg-500kg, with primary and secondary flowers accounting for more than 85%. When transplanting, the width of the chamber is 1.5-2.0 meters, the depth of the grooves is 25-30 cm, and the depth of the nest is 10-15 cm. Pour enough fixed root dung water in time after transplanting to promote early survival. At the same time, straw can be used to cover the box surface to keep the soil moist and control weeds in the field. In the early stage of transplanting, we should pay attention to thin fertilizer and diligent management to prevent and control drought and waterlogging. After survival, it can enter the flowering period, and its management is managed according to the requirements of field production. Second, reasonable pruning, leaf thinning and pruning to lay the foundation for high yield are the special management measures for high yield cultivation of jasmine. Pruning can be divided into two types: growing pruning and dormant pruning. Production period pruning is after sprouting in spring to before stopping growth in winter, and dormant pruning is before sprouting in spring. Pruning should prevent pruning too heavy or too light, overpruning leads to late flowering, less flowers, affecting yield. Light pruning leads to canopy closure and small flowers, which also affects yield. The purpose of pruning is to cut off old and diseased branches, reduce plant nutrient consumption, promote early germination, simultaneous germination, early bud gestation, preterm delivery and high yield. The method of pruning during the dormant period is to have the tree potential 20-30 cm above the ground, or to cut off the upper branches of 2 + 3, so that the whole field is neat and consistent. The old garden can also be renewed with a height of 3-5 cm above the ground. Dormant pruning is generally better from late March to early and mid-April. After pruning, the branches that meet the requirements of seedling breeding are selected for seedling breeding. The study shows that under the condition of reasonable pruning, if the stump is high, the spring flowers come early, but it is difficult to increase the per unit yield, the stump is low, and the florescence is late, which is beneficial to increase the yield, especially the yield of "Fu Hua". The main reason is that the "node position" of new branches is low and many, so there are many buds and flowers. The pruning in the growing period is mainly to prune the garden plants which are overgrown and have poor ventilation and light transmission. Sparse leaves, also known as picking leaves, beating leaves. Leaf thinning is the removal of old leaves and overly dense leaves, so as to reduce the consumption of nutrients, enhance ventilation and light transmittance, stimulate new bud germination and reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests. Sparse leaves are divided into sparse winter leaves, that is, the vigorous overwintering leaves and diseased leaves are removed from top to bottom. Thinning of dense leaves is usually carried out in July, and leaves can be thinned after each flower season. The old and diseased leaves in the middle and lower parts that are too dense are removed by stages, and those with prosperous growth and many leaves should be re-thinned. Leaf thinning stopped at the end of August. Leaf thinning should be combined with shallow ploughing, weeding and fertilization in order to improve the application effect of per unit yield. Pruning is to cut off the growing branches, diseases and insect pests during the growing period, so as to reduce the loss of nutrients and the occurrence of diseases and insect pests. Reasonable pruning, picking leaves and cutting branches can not only cultivate a good crown, but also remove diseases and insect pests living on leaves and branches. After pruning, picking leaves and beating branches, you should clean up the countryside in time, eliminate the dead branches and fallen leaves, and burn them away from the countryside, so as to reduce diseases and insect pests. Third, scientific and rational fertilization to promote the fertilization of high-yield and high-quality jasmine is the key measure to achieve high yield and high quality. It should be used reasonably because of time, place, tree and fertilizer. Fertilization should be based on mature organic fertilizer, supplemented by chemical fertilizer. When applying topdressing, we should pay attention to the frequent application of thin fertilizer, less application of young trees and more application of strong trees. In the first half of April, combined with mid-ploughing and soil preparation, the first fertilizer, namely "bud-promoting fertilizer", should be applied again, and the second fertilizer, that is, "flower-promoting fertilizer", should be applied at the end of May and the first ten days of June, and 5-7 times should be applied during flowering period. each fertilization should be applied in time after the flower season, and stop fertilization in early September to reduce the consumption of nutrients in the plant. Fertilization should be applied to the soil between the flowers, not on the plants. Spraying 0.2% urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixture on the first leaf of pregnant buds has a good effect on promoting flower bud development and improving yield and quality. According to the research on the jasmine base of Qingxi Town by Sichuan Agricultural University and Jianwei County Agricultural Bureau, in the medium fertility alluvial loam, the contribution of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to jasmine yield is potassium > phosphorus > nitrogen, indicating that in jasmine production, attention should be paid to the application of potassium fertilizer. According to the research results, the best amount of fertilizer application was put forward. That is, N 8.2-13.2 kg for 667m2 and K2O 8.5-10.4 kg for P2O511.1-13.2. 667m2 can yield 450kg-480kg. In the current production, it is necessary to advocate "controlling nitrogen and increasing potassium" to improve yield and quality. Especially in the land where jasmine is planted for a long time, we should pay more attention to formula fertilization and increase potash fertilizer. According to the local planting habits and the requirements of developing pollution-free jasmine production, 3000-4000 kg of harmless high-quality farm manure, 100-150kg of cake fertilizer, 40-50kg of excess calcium or 20-30kg of ammonium phosphate and 20-40kg of potassium sulfate are used as base fertilizer. In the future, the trees will be well fertilized. Foliar spraying of micro-fertilizer can not only correct physiological deficiency, but also effectively increase unit yield. According to the research at the jasmine base in Qingxi Town, in May, June and July, 0.2% chelating iron liquid was sprayed once a month, and the yield of 667m2 was 442kg, which was 41.3kg higher than that of the control, an increase of 10.3%. When 0.2% solution of greenhouse fertilizer was sprayed, the yield of 667m2 was 450.7 kg, an increase of 49.6kg and 12.4%. In production, according to the sandy soil and the chlorosis and yellowing of jasmine leaves, chelating iron fertilizer and boron fertilizer were sprayed on the leaves. In jasmine production, agricultural inputs with excessive heavy metal contents, including municipal solid waste, municipal solid waste, sludge and organic fertilizers without harmless treatment, are not allowed to enter the jasmine production garden, and fertilizers and hormones that are not registered and approved by the national agricultural authorities are not allowed to enter the jasmine production garden. Fourth, comprehensive prevention and control of diseases and insect pests to provide guarantee for high yield (1) Agricultural control measures: timely removal of damaged buds, control and reduction of jasmine leaf borer, bud borer, thrips and so on. During the growing period, we should prune reasonably, cultivate the crown, cut off the pests living in tender leaves and buds, and reduce the harm of scale, whitefly and so on. Clear the garden at the end of autumn, combine soil preparation, reduce the base number of overwintering pests in the soil, and so on. Artificial hunting and killing shall be used to reduce the harm to the pests with light occurrence, concentrated harm and false death. Promote artificial weeding, do not apply chemical herbicides, and protect natural enemies. (2) physical control measures: light trapping is used to make use of the phototaxis of pests. Such as frequency vibration insecticidal lamp, solar energy insecticidal lamp and so on. Especially in the period of adult occurrence, light trapping in the field can reduce the occurrence of garden pests in the field. Swatch traps, sex traps and manual traps can also be used. (3) Biological control measures: protection and utilization of natural enemies in jasmine garden. Such as insectivorous bugs, spiders, ants and related birds and other predatory beneficial insects and parasitic wasps, flies, birds and other beneficial organisms, reduce the damage of human factors to natural enemies. Choose to apply microbial fertilizer. (4) Chemical control measures: adhere to the principle of "prevention first, comprehensive control" and the requirements of the development of pollution-free agricultural products, grasp the appropriate period of prevention and control, reach the standard, and select the principle of high efficiency, low toxicity and low residue pesticides. The main control methods of diseases and insect pests are introduced as follows: 1. White silk disease of jasmine. Use 50% wettable antiseptic soil to sprinkle on the surface of the room and control the clump. The development can also be controlled with 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 800 times liquid, or 65% Daimen zinc wettable powder 800 times liquid spray. 2. Jasmine leaf spot. At the initial stage of the disease, 75% Luke 600-800 times solution was sprayed every 7-10 days for 2-3 times. In the middle stage of the disease, 65% Dysen zinc wettable powder was sprayed with 600-800 times liquid. 3. Jasmine anthracnose: at the initial stage of the disease, 70% Luke 600-800 times solution was sprayed every 7-10 days for 2-3 times. In the middle stage of the disease, use 50% topiramate wettable powder 800 murine powder liquid or 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 800 color powder liquid or 50% carbendazim 1000 times solution to spray and control. 4. Jasmine bud borer: spray with 1000 times of 20% permethrin or 1000 times of 10% cypermethrin and 2000-3000 times of mifenling EC. The medicine was applied once at intervals of 7-10 days and sprayed 2-3 times continuously. 5. Jasmine leaf borer: spray 90% trichlorfon 600,800 times at flowering stage, or 1000-2000 times 10% 20% pyrethroid pesticides. It can also be sprayed with Bacillus subtilis. It is generally applied after picking flowers on the same day or at the end of the flood season, and the flowers should be picked 5 days after flowering. 6. Jasmine whitefly: 2500 times of 25% buprofezin wettable powder or 1000 times of 10% buprofezin EC and 2000-3000 times of fenpropathrin EC. 7. Jasmine chaff scale. Spray with 1000 times of 50% fenitrothion EC or 1500-2000 times of imidacloprid EC during the nymph incubation period, and pay attention to spray evenly and cover the upper and lower leaves and branches. When the population density is high, it should be sprayed once every 10-15 days, 2-3 times in a row. At the same time, it can control the green leafhopper. In the prevention and control of jasmine diseases and insect pests, fresh flowers can only be picked at the interval after application. In the use of pesticides, the concentration, time and frequency of pesticides should be strictly used, and similar pesticides should be used well, and the use of pesticides with high toxicity and high residues is strictly prohibited. Develop the production of high-quality and pollution-free jasmine, ban high toxic and high residual pesticides such as DDT, BHC, parathion (1605), methyl parathion (methyl 1605), methamidophos, acephate, omethoate, pentachlorophenol sodium, chlordimeform, carbofuran, triclofenac, isocarbophos, cypermethrin and their mixtures and other pesticides explicitly prohibited by the state.