How to choose the seed stem of Polygonatum? High-yield planting techniques of Polygonatum polygonatum

Rhizoma Polygonatum, also known as tiger ginger, wild mountain ginger, salvage grass, chicken head ginseng, etc., is the dry rhizome of Polygonatum, Polygonatum or Polygonatum. According to the differences between the original plants and medicinal materials, Rhizoma Polygonatum can be divided into three types: chicken head, ginger and rhubarb.

1. General situation of   Experimental site Jingning she nationality Autonomous County in Zhejiang Province is located in the middle of the mountains in the south of Zhejiang Province, with complex topography and mainly mountain landforms. It is located in the subtropical monsoon area, with abundant rainfall, abundant heat resources and great vertical climate difference, so it is more suitable for the cultivation of Polygonatum polygonatum.

Seed and stem selection of 2   Polygonatum polygonatum

2.1Rhizome grading standard and selection of Polygonatum polygonatum with different weight in  

Nowadays, people usually use rhizome propagation and seed propagation to reproduce Polygonatum. In this paper, the selection of seed stem of Polygonatum polygonatum was analyzed by selecting and cutting Polygonatum polygonatum and observing the emergence and growth status of Polygonatum. In the experiment, 1000 Rhizoma Polygonatum with terminal buds were selected and classified according to 20 grams, 21 grams, 40 grams, 41 grams, 60 grams, 80 grams, 81 grams, and so on. After a certain period of time, the emergence rate of these polygonatum reached more than 88%, and then began to analyze. Among them, the seedling emergence rate was the highest when the rhizome weight was more than 140g, but there was no significant difference between the rhizome weight of 40g and 140g. Therefore, considering the economic benefit, the grower should choose 41g to 80g Polygonatum rhizome.

2.2   41g Rhizoma Polygonatum rhizome in different segments and different bud parts to ensure the budding rate of 41g to 80g Polygonatum rhizome. In the experiment, the rhizome without damage and mildew was divided into no terminal bud, only one terminal bud, two terminal buds, one, two, three terminal buds, one, two, three lateral buds and so on. Through practical observation, after a large number of seedlings emerged, the emergence rate of Polygonatum rhizome without buds was very low, and the other emergence rates were more than 82%. Among them, the emergence rate of rhizomes with terminal buds and two nodes was more than 90%. Therefore, when selecting the seed stem of Polygonatum polygonatum, the growers should comprehensively consider the budding rate and economic benefits, and choose the rhizome which weighs 40-80 grams and has two nodes and one terminal bud to sow in autumn.

3 planting mode under   Chinese fir forest

According to the analysis of plant height, weight and polysaccharide content in different slopes, when the slope is 25-30 degrees, the weight is the highest, the height of crops is 116 centimeters, and the polysaccharide content of Polygonatum polygonatum is the highest; when the slope is 10-20 degrees and 5-9 degrees, its weight, height and polysaccharide content show a decreasing trend. Therefore, when the slope of Cunninghamia lanceolata forest is 2530 degrees, it is the most favorable for planting. The reason for this phenomenon is that Rhizoma Polygonatum does not like water, such as the slope is too small will cause stagnant water to affect plant growth.

In addition, through the analysis of the effect of canopy density on the quality of Polygonatum polygonatum, it can be concluded that when the canopy density is 0.4-0.5, the weight of rhizome is 197 g, the plant height is 121 cm, and the polysaccharide content of Polygonatum polygonatum is 9 g, which is the highest value of the experiment. When the canopy density increases to 0.6-0.7 or greater than 0.8, its weight, height and polysaccharide content will gradually decrease. Although Polygonatum polygonatum likes shade and is not suitable to be irradiated by strong light, if the canopy density exceeds the scientific range, the internal light conditions of the Chinese fir forest are too low, which will cause the growth retardation of Polygonatum polygonatum. Because Polygonatum polygonatum is suitable for cool and humid environment, and nutrition accumulation can only be completed through photosynthesis, Polygonatum polygonatum is also related to the number of trees retained per hectare of Chinese fir. When the number of Cunninghamia lanceolata plants per hectare is 600, the fresh weight of Polygonatum polygonatum is 1709 kg per hectare, and when the number of plants increases, the fresh weight of Polygonatum polygonatum decreases gradually, so the yield is the highest when the number of Cunninghamia lanceolata plants is 600,900 per hectare.

4   conclusion

To sum up, the seed stem of Polygonatum polygonatum should choose the rhizome which weighs 40-80 grams and has two nodes and one terminal bud, and the environment of Cunninghamia lanceolata forest should choose the position of slope of 25-30 degrees and canopy density of 0.4-0.5. Through the analysis, it can be concluded that the selection of the seed stem of Polygonatum polygonatum and the environment of Cunninghamia lanceolata forest plays an important role in improving the budding rate, plant weight, height, polysaccharide content and economic benefit of growers. Therefore, the cultivation of Polygonatum polygonatum should adopt the above methods and improve the planting methods.

New planting technology of Polygonatum polygonatum

Many people may not know what it is, and it is difficult to know what it is just from its name. In fact, it is a relatively common traditional Chinese medicine. It has many uses in life, and it has many medicinal effects on the human body.

What is Huang Jing?

Rhizoma Polygonatum (scientific name: Polygonatum sibiricum), also known as: chicken head Polygonatum, yellow chicken cabbage, pencil dish, claw ginseng, tiger ginger, chicken claw ginseng. It is a plant of the genus Polygonatum, the rhizome is transverse, cylindrical and nodules are dilated. Verticillate, sessile. Medicinal plants have the effect of tonifying spleen, moisturizing lung and promoting fluid. Polygonatum polygonatum is a plant of Liliaceae, which is the dry rhizome of Polygonatum polygonatum or Polygonatum polygonatum. It has the functions of tonifying spleen and moistening lung, nourishing yin and benefiting qi, etc. It mainly treats weakness of spleen and stomach, fatigue, palpitation, shortness of breath, diabetes, hypertension and so on. Its fluid extract can be used to treat foot fetishism. Rhizoma Polygonatum is distributed in the provinces and regions of northern China as well as Anhui, Zhejiang and Gansu. Polygonatum polygonatum is mainly distributed in Shaanxi, Gansu and the southern part of Northeast China. Polygonatum yunnanensis is distributed in Guizhou, Yunnan, Guangxi, Sichuan and other places.

Huang Jing's land selection and land preparation

Polygonatum polygonatum chooses the moist and fertile forest land or mountain area, and the forest edge land is the most suitable, which requires the influence of meta-stagnant water and saline-alkali, and the sandy soil with fertile soil, loose soil and rich humus is the best. Thin soil, drought and sandy land are not suitable for planting. Soil preparation requires that the soil should be turned more than 30 cm deep, and the soil should be flattened and then made into wow. The width of the face is 120cm, and the height is 1O~15 cm. Apply sufficient base fertilizer in the sleep, high-quality mature farm manure 4000 kg / mu, evenly applied to the prosperous bed soil, and then turn 30 cm deep, so that the fertilizer soil is fully mixed, and then leveled and fine before sowing.

The reproduction mode of Polygonatum polygonatum

Select strong plants with primary diseases and insect pests in the remaining fields, dig the rhizomes in autumn or early spring, and properly preserve them in autumn. 5-7 cm long segments are directly cut off in early spring, each section is intercepted according to 2-3 sections, and then the wound is treated with plant ash, which is to be dried and harvested, and planted immediately. Spring planting is in the first ten days of April and autumn planting is from September to early October. The horizontal trench is opened according to the row spacing of 25 cm on the finished surface, and the depth of the ditch is 6-8 cm. The seed root buds are placed upward and arranged along the ridge and furrow, flat every 10-12 cm, covered with fine soil 5-6 cm thick, compacted and compacted. When it comes to the poor feeling of the soil, the plots are soaked once after planting. Cover the soil with manure or compost before the soil freezes in autumn.

Field Management of Huang Jing

Each time ploughing and weeding should be shallow hoe, so as not to hurt the roots. Topdressing is carried out in combination with ploughing every year, and 1000-1500 kg / mu of high-quality fertilizer for people and animals is applied each time. Apply high quality farm manure 1200-1500 kg / mu again before winter every year, mix 50 kg of superphosphate and 50 kg of cake fertilizer, mix evenly, apply in ditch, and then water. In case of dry climate, it should be watered in time, and in the rainy season, it is necessary to prevent stagnant water and drain waterlogging in time. Pick the buds in time before the buds form. The main diseases are leaf spot, and the main insect pests are ground tiger and wax.

Harvest and processing of Rhizoma Polygonatum

It is better to harvest in autumn, the rhizome propagates 2-3 years after planting, and the seeds propagated 3-4 years after planting. After digging up the roots, remove the stems and leaves, shake the soil, cut off the beard roots, rinse with clean water, steam in a steamer for 10 minutes and 20 minutes, steam to the heart, take out and knead until completely dry, and become a commodity. Generally, the yield is 400-500 kg per mu, and the high yield can reach 600 kg. To taste sweet but not bitter, yuan self-heart, yuan fibrous root, yuan mildew, no insect frog, no pesticides, residues do not exceed the standard as qualified. Large block, fat yellow, translucent cross-section is a good product.

The cultivation of Rhizoma Polygonatum in terms of the current market situation in China, its planting is not very common. China is a big country of traditional Chinese medicine culture, and the culture of traditional Chinese medicine has lasted for many years, so traditional Chinese medicine has been deeply rooted in our country, so the cultivation of traditional Chinese medicine is still more common in our country.

How to cultivate Rhizoma Polygonatum for high yield

In fact, what we are most concerned about in our planting industry is how to improve its survival rate, how to obtain high yield and so on. In fact, in the final analysis, it is how to reduce the cost to get the maximum profit space, which is a problem that every planting friend is more concerned about.

What is Huang Jing?

Rhizoma Polygonatum (scientific name: Polygonatumsibiricum), also known as: chicken head Polygonatum, yellow chicken cabbage, pencil dish, claw ginseng, tiger ginger, chicken claw ginseng. It is a plant of the genus Polygonatum, the rhizome is transverse, cylindrical and nodules are dilated. Verticillate, sessile. Medicinal plants have the effect of tonifying spleen, moisturizing lung and promoting fluid.

Polygonatum is a perennial herb, the rhizome is horizontal, fleshy, yellowish, the apex sometimes protrudes like a chicken's head, the stem is erect, 50-90 cm high. Leaves verticillate, 4-6 per whorl, linear-lanceolate, 8-15 cm long and 04-1.6 cm wide, apex curled. Flowers axillary, often 2-4 florets, pendulous, total pedicel 1-2 cm long; perianth tubular, white to yellowish, 0.9-1.2 cm long, apex 6-lobed, stamens 6, filaments shorter, 0.5-1 mm long, style 1.5-2 times as long as ovary, berries globose, black at maturity. The flowering period is from May to June and the fruiting period is from July to September.

The main characteristics of Polygonatum polygonatum are as follows: stem height 40-100 cm, leaves alternate, oval, ovate-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, and 3-5 veins. Pedicel with 2-7 (- 14) flowers, arranged in umbrella shape on total pedicel; perianth yellowish green, 1.8-2.5 cm long; filaments papillose or puberulent, apex dilated to cystic protuberance.

2. The main characteristics of Polygonatum yunnanensis are as follows: the stem is 1-3 meters high, the top is often twining, the leaves are whorled, 4-8 in each round, the leaves are linear to linear-lanceolate, 6-20 cm long and 0.3-3 cm wide, the apex acuminate and roll. Pedicels bearing flowers 2-3, not umbellate; perianth pink, 1.8-2.5 cm long, berries red when ripe.

Planting techniques of Rhizoma Polygonatum

The main results are as follows: 1. site selection: select sandy loam or clay loam with deep and fertile soil layer, which has shade and drainage conditions, but the upper layer has sufficient light transmittance in the open area under the forest or artificial shading conditions for cultivation. When planting in farmland, rice, green manure or leisure land is the best choice for the first stubble. If intercropping with asparagus and corn, it is best to use rice and rape as the previous crop.

2. Base fertilizer: fully mature barnyard manure was applied before transplanting, organic fertilizer was applied according to 3000 kg / mu combined with soil preparation, and 20 kg of superphosphate was added.

3. Soil preparation: after stubble at the end of autumn, turn deeply in time, then rake flat and rake fine, make a border with a width of 1.2 meters, a height of 0.25 meters and a height of 0.30 meters, and the ditch is 0.5 meters wide. At the same time, smooth ditches are opened around the land for drainage and waterlogging prevention.

4. Transplanting: transplanting in early March in spring or late October in autumn. Dig a hole 10cm to 15cm deep on the whole plot, dig and flatten the bottom of the hole, apply 1kg of soil fertilizer, plant a Polygonatum seedling in each hole, cover the soil tightly, drench the root water, cover the soil flush with the border surface, and water it again a week after transplanting.

5 、. The quality of Rhizoma Polygonatum seedlings: select 1-2-year-old strong plants free from diseases and insect pests, dig the rhizome and select the tender part of the apex during harvest, cut into several segments, each section must have 2 Mui 3 nodes. After the cut was slightly dried and starched, the standard rhizome segment with terminal bud of Polygonatum polygonatum seedling was planted immediately, and the rhizome was cut into 2 segments. The suitable length of rhizome was 8~l0cm, and l0cm was the best.

6. Planting density: 27cmx13cm and 27cmxl0cm are the most suitable plant spacing for Polygonatum chinense.

Field Management of Huang Jing

First, ploughing and weeding

The early growth stage is the seedling stage, the weeds grow relatively fast, and it is the rainy season in Tongren area, and the soil is easy to harden, so ploughing and weeding should be carried out in time, which should be carried out once in April, June, July, August and November every year. The specific weeding time can be selected as appropriate. While weeding and loosening the soil, pay attention to shallow rather than deep, to avoid root injury. The soil should also be cultivated frequently in the process of growth, and the mud in the furrow can be cultivated around the root of Polygonatum polygonatum, which can not only speed up the decay of organic fertilizer, but also prevent the rhizome from blowing or seeing light.

II. Regular fertilization

Topdressing: soil fertilizer or human (animal) feces and urine 1500 kg / mu, or compound fertilizer 45-60 kg / mu. Fertilization should be combined with ploughing and weeding. Polygonatum needs more fertilizer in the early growth stage. In April, May, June and July, it is necessary to ensure adequate nutrient absorption in the vegetative growth stage. According to the growth situation, the application of human feces and urine water per mu can be controlled between 1000 kg and 2000 kg. Winter fertilizer was applied again in November, 1000 kg ~ 1500 kg of soil miscellaneous fertilizer per mu, and evenly mixed with 50 kg of superphosphate and 50 kg of cake fertilizer. In low temperature, cloudy weather, preferably before rain, the fertilizer was applied in small ditches between rows or plants, and then immediately went along to cultivate soil and cover fertilizer.

3. Shade

Rhizoma Polygonatum will emerge in late March, and no shade conditions need to set up a shade shed, which is 2m high and ventilated all around. The "autumn tiger" basically dissipates and removes the shade shed around mid-October. The shading effect of Rhizoma Polygonatum intercropping under the forest is good, followed by the shading net, or setting up a shade shed manually, and adjusting its light transmittance at 30% is the best.

4. Pruning and topping

The flowering period of Polygonatum polygonatum is from early May to mid-July, and the fruit begins to bear fruit from late May to early June. there are many umbels and fruits in the axils of stems and branches, and the fruit begins to mature in November. the long reproductive growth stage has caused a lot of consumption of nutrition, so Polygonatum should be removed in time in the early stage of flower bud formation, so Polygonatum should be removed in time in the early stage of flower bud formation, in order to block the accumulation of nutrients to reproductive organs. So that nutrients accumulate to the underground rhizome. Polygonatum flower buds can generally be cut off at the beginning of May.

V. rational irrigation

After transplanting, it is necessary to irrigate enough fixed root water (if transplanting after light rain, it is best not to water or less water) to keep the soil moist to facilitate survival. In addition, into the rainy season to do a good job in advance to clear the ditch drainage preparation, to avoid stagnant water caused Rhizoma Polygonatum stem.

Control of diseases and insect pests of Polygonatum polygonatum

I. Disease prevention and control

The main results are as follows: 1. The main disease of Polygonatum polygonatum is that leaf spot began to occur from April to May. Most of them occur in summer and autumn, and the disease is more serious in the rainy season. The pathogen is a kind of half-known bacteria in fungi. The damaged leaf first appeared oval or irregular shape from the leaf tip, brown on the outer edge and light white in the middle, which spread downward from the disease spot, causing the leaf to scorch and die.

2. Disease control methods.

After harvest, ① cleaned the fields, burned the remains of withered branches, and eliminated the pathogen of overwintering.

Before and at the initial stage of the attack, ② was sprayed with 100 Bordeaux solution, or 1000 times of 50% acetaminophen, once every 7 days for 4 times, or 65% of Dysen zinc wettable powder 500 times 600 times, once every 7 days for 2 times.

II. Pest control

The main results are as follows: 1. The occurrence regularity of pests in the seedling stage of Polygonatum polygonatum is mainly ground tiger and grub, which mainly bites the young rhizome of Polygonatum, breaks the rhizome and harms the seedlings, which can not be ignored. From mid-May to July, Polygonatum polygonatum is in the initial stage of reproductive growth, and the flower organs and young fruits of Polygonatum polygonatum will be damaged by planthoppers, which can lead to the decrease of seed setting rate, especially in the intercropping under the forest.

2. Methods of pest control

① was mixed with 2.5% trichlorfon powder and 75 kg fine soil per mu, and ditched along the line of Polygonatum to control grubs.

② can also be used to control ground tigers, but the dosage is increased by 2 to 2.5kg, with 20 kg of fine soil.

③ can mix trichlorfon into the bait and drop a small pile of traps in the field every 1 meter in the evening.

Through the introduction of the above editor, we must have a general understanding of the cultivation of Rhizoma Polygonatum. In fact, the editor said that these are also big principles on paper, and it is still necessary for the grower to do the actual operation in the process of cultivation. And there will certainly be a lot of strange problems in the process of cultivation, which need to be summarized and studied by the growers themselves.