Planting and processing technology of chrysanthemum

   is no stranger to chrysanthemums, and there are many types of chrysanthemums. This paper mainly introduces the cultivation and processing techniques of drinking chrysanthemum. The inflorescence of chrysanthemum can be used in medicine and has the effects of clearing liver and eyesight, soothing wind and heat, clearing heat and detoxification. Boju in Anhui, Huai Chrysanthemum in Henan, Qi Chrysanthemum in Hebei and Hangzhou White Chrysanthemum in Hangzhou are all important export traditional Chinese medicine.

   I. introduction of Chrysanthemum

The warm and sunny environment of    is suitable for the growth of chrysanthemum. Chrysanthemum is resistant to cold and waterlogging, but its seedling and flowering stage must meet its water and fertilizer needs for growth and development. Chrysanthemum is a short-day plant, which is very sensitive to the length of sunshine. It takes no more than 10 hours of light a day to bud and blossom.

   II. Land selection and preparation

The land where chrysanthemum is planted in    should be well drained, fertile, loose and rich in humus. Clayey land, low-lying land and saline-alkali land are not suitable to plant chrysanthemum. Turning over the land in the autumn and winter of the first year made it weathered and loose. The following spring, before transplanting, turn the soil about 25 cm deep, apply 2000 kg of rotten manure per mu, combined with 15-20 kg of superphosphate, and then rake flat according to local conditions.

   III. Reproductive technology

The propagation of    chrysanthemum usually adopts three methods: split propagation, cutting propagation and striping propagation.

After picking chrysanthemums in November,    (l) ramets will cut off the stems of chrysanthemums all over the ground, select robust and disease-free plants to dig out all their roots, and replant them on a fertile plot to apply a layer of soil fertilizer to keep warm and survive the winter. From March to April of the following year, the dung was removed and watered. When the chrysanthemum seedlings grew to 15 cm in height from April to May, the whole plant was dug up and divided into several plants and immediately planted in the field. When planting, the row spacing was 40 cm, and 1-2 seedlings were planted in each hole. After planting, the cover soil was compacted and watered. Generally, the old seedlings could be planted in a production field of about 15 mu.

   (2) cutting seedlings from April to May or June to August, select a sturdy, disease-free new technique as cuttings. The middle section is cut into a small section of 10-15 cm, the lower end is cut into a horseear-shaped slope, and the lower leaves of 2-3 leaves are removed at the top; the cuttings are treated with plant hormones, and then the cuttings are inserted into the nursery with a row spacing of 20-25 cm and a plant spacing of 6-7 cm. They can take root about 20 days after compaction and watering, and human and animal dung water is applied every other month. When the seedling is 20 cm high, it can be transplanted out of the nursery.

   (3) the chrysanthemum plant with strong growth and no disease and insect pests was selected as the mother plant in strip propagation. When the chrysanthemum grew to a certain height, the stem and branch of the chrysanthemum were pressed to the mud between the two rows, so that it could take root and send out seedlings, and then grow into a new chrysanthemum plant.

   IV. Cultivation management

   1, seedling management: weeding and loosening the soil frequently after planting; if the seedlings encounter high temperature weather, they should set up a shed to shade and increase the watering times; the seedlings should be properly fertilized in the early stage, generally applying about 500kg of sparse water dung per mu and combined with fertilizers such as plant ash; in case of showers, rainy weather, especially the plum rain season, we should pay attention to timely drainage.

   2. Weeding in the middle ploughing: weeding should be carried out 4-5 times before budding after transplanting chrysanthemum seedlings. Each weeding should be shallow rather than deep, and soil cultivation should be carried out to prevent the lodging of chrysanthemum seedlings. The soil should be cultivated in time after each intertillage and weeding, and the later fertilization can also be combined with soil cultivation to maintain soil moisture and increase the ability of drought resistance.

   3. Water and fertilizer management: chrysanthemums like fertilizer. In addition to applying sufficient basic fertilizer, topdressing should be carried out for 5 times in the growing period. For the first time, 10-15 kg urea was applied to promote seedlings after transplanting. For the second time, cake fertilizer and human feces and urine can be applied per mu when the plant branches. The third fertilization was in the budding stage. Fertilizer should be applied after each topping.

   4, topping: topping is one of the key measures to make the trunk of chrysanthemum stout, increase the number of branches, reduce lodging, proliferate flowers and increase yield. The first time, when the seedling height is about 30 cm, remove the trunk terminal bud 3-5 cm; the second time, around the first and middle July, when the plant pulls out 3-4 new branches about 30 cm long, remove the branch terminal bud; the third time before the end of August, depending on the plant growth, the plant type is too high and the number of branches is too small, but the last topping should not be too late, so as not to delay budding and flowering and be harmed by early frost. In addition, the crazy growing branches should be removed. Every time the chrysanthemum head is removed from the top, it is taken out of the field for treatment.

   V. Pest control

The common diseases of    chrysanthemum include root rot, downy mildew, brown spot and so on. In rainy season, chrysanthemum is prone to leaf withering of the whole plant, pulling up to see that the root system is moldy and has rhizosphere nematodes, which seriously affects the growth of chrysanthemum. The control method is to treat chrysanthemum seedlings and planting holes with low agricultural residue fungicides before transplanting, and to remove diseased plants in time; in the rainy season, stagnant water in the field should be eliminated in time, and other diseases and insect pests can be treated according to conventional methods.

   VI. Harvesting and processing

   chrysanthemum harvest process advocates sulfur-free, but sulfur-free drying often reduces the effective content. Several common harvesting and processing techniques are introduced in this paper.

   (1) harvesting technology: harvest in sunny days, harvest in rainy days, spread out on a clean plastic sheet or bamboo mat to prevent heat, dry the water vapor on the flowers (1 day, no more than 2 days) and then sterilize or sulfur fumigation.

   1. Chrysanthemum harvest: pick white flowers, and the flowers will be harvested before they bloom.

   2. Chrysanthemum harvest: it is generally harvested from Frosts Descent to the Beginning of Winter, with 2 / 3 flowers blooming to 8-9% full.

   (2) processing methods: there are a variety of processing methods of chrysanthemum. In order to keep the flower shape beautiful and the sulfur does not exceed the standard, the method of killing green before drying is often used, and the traditional method is still used.

   1. Kill the green before drying.

a. To kill the chrysanthemum is to kill the chrysanthemum to prevent the petals from falling loose, the aroma to be lost and the quality to decline. It is best to use boiler steam to kill the green, which can be done in half a minute. If the amount is small and steam is steamed for 2 minutes or 5 minutes, it can also play a role in killing green. During operation, the boiling water must be boiled first, steam in the pot must be put into the chrysanthemum and then steamed. Be careful not to soak in water.

b. Drying: after killing, pour directly into the drying plate or bamboo screen and put into the drying room to dry. Sun days can also be dried after killing green, and when the amount is small, you can also use non-pyrotechnic Kang to dry.

   2. Baking in the baking room.

The processing method of    traditional tribute chrysanthemum is baking and drying in the drying room, using smokeless charcoal as fuel, controlling the temperature of the drying room between 40 and 50 ℃, spreading the chrysanthemum on the bamboo curtain, taking it out from the drying room when the flower color is ivory white, and then placing the ventilated and dry place to fully dry.

   3, sulfur fumigation.

The traditional processing of    chrysanthemum is to cut off the stem when the petals are generally white, tie them into small bundles and hang them upside down in a ventilated and dry place to dry, otherwise the aroma is poor. Dry until the flowers wilt, you can pick the flowers, place them in the smoked room and whiten them with sulfur, then dry them thinly and then box them. The traditional Qi Ju is cut off the stalks, tied into small bundles and then sulfurized, and then picked flowers to dry.

   above is chrysanthemum cultivation and processing technology, hope to help you, if you want to know more about agriculture, please pay attention to Huinong School!

Cultivation techniques of how to cultivate Chrysanthemum

Chrysanthemum is a traditional famous flower in China, which is deeply loved by the broad masses of people for its various flower shapes, purplish colors, elegant aroma and proud frost habits. Then how to cultivate chrysanthemums? The editor shares the cultivation techniques of chrysanthemum for you.

Chrysanthemum is a plant of the family Compositae, which is used in medicine with head inflorescence. It has the effect of soothing wind and heat, clearing liver and eyesight, and is mainly used to treat exogenous wind-heat, dizziness and headache. Often drinking chrysanthemum tea has the function of avoiding summer heat and relieving annoyance. Chrysanthemums are cultivated all over the country, among which the famous ones are chrysanthemum from Anhui, Hangzhou white chrysanthemum from Zhejiang, Huai chrysanthemum from Henan, and Qi chrysanthemum from Hebei, which are important Chinese herbal medicines exported to Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan. Chrysanthemums like warm climate and sunny environment, can be cold-tolerant, afraid of waterlogging, but the seedling stage, flowering stage can not lack of water, chrysanthemum is a short-day plant, sensitive to the length of sunshine, no more than 10 hours of light every day to bud and blossom.

Planting and cultivation techniques

1. Land selection and preparation: the soil for planting chrysanthemum is not strict, but it is better to grow in the soil with good drainage, fertile, loose and humus-rich soil. Clay land and low-lying land should not be planted, saline-alkali land should not be planted, and continuous cropping should be avoided.

2. Propagation methods: ramet propagation and cutting propagation.

① split propagation: after picking chrysanthemums in November, the stems of chrysanthemums were cut off all over the ground, plants with strong growth and disease-free were selected, their roots were all dug out, and replanted on a fertile land, and a layer of soil and miscellaneous fertilizer was applied to keep warm through the winter. From March to April of the following year, the dung was removed and watered. When the chrysanthemum seedlings grew to 15 cm high from April to May, the whole plant was dug out, divided into several plants, and immediately planted in the field. When planting, the row spacing was 40 cm, holes were dug, and 1-2 seedlings were planted in each hole. After planting, the seedlings were covered with compaction and watered with fixed root water. Generally, about 15 mu of production fields could be planted with old seedlings per mu.

② cuttage propagation: from April to May or from June to August, a new technique with sturdy and disease-free cuttings was selected. Take the middle section, cut it into small segments of 10-15 cm, treat the cuttings with plant hormones, and then insert the cuttings into the seedbed with a row spacing of 20-25 cm and a plant spacing of 6-7 cm, compacted and watered for about 20 days. Human and animal dung water is applied every other month, and the seedlings can be transplanted out of the nursery when the seedling height is 20 cm.

③ transplanting: ramet seedlings in April-May, cutting seedlings in May-June transplanting. Choose cloudy or rainy or sunny evening, on the whole border, dig holes according to the bead spacing of 40 cm each, and the hole depth is 6 cm. Then, take the seedlings, plant 1 plant in each hole, and plant 2 plants in each hole. After planting, cover the soil and press it, and pour the root water.

Planting field management

1. Weeding in the middle ploughing: after the chrysanthemum seedlings are transplanted and survived, weeding should be carried out 4-5 times before budding. Each weeding should be shallow or deep, and soil should be cultivated at the same time to prevent chrysanthemum seedlings from lodging.

2. Topdressing: chrysanthemum likes fertilizer. In addition to applying sufficient base fertilizer, topdressing should be carried out for 5 times during the growing period. For the first time, 10-15 kg urea was applied to promote seedlings after transplanting. The second time in the plant branch school, cake fertilizer, human feces and urine could be applied per mu, and the third fertilization was in the budding stage.

3. Picking buds: after the chrysanthemum branches, before and after Lesser Fullness of Grain, when the seedling height is 25 cm, take the heart off for the first time, choose a sunny day to remove the top 1mm, then pick the heart every half a month, and stop after Greater Heat, otherwise there are too many branches, malnutrition, and the flower head becomes small, affecting the yield and quality of the chrysanthemum.

4. pest control: the common diseases of chrysanthemum are root rot, downy mildew, brown spot and so on. In the rainy season, chrysanthemum is prone to leaf withering of the whole plant. When pulled up, the root system is moldy and there are rhizosphere nematodes, which seriously affect the growth of chrysanthemum. The control method is to treat chrysanthemum seedlings and planting holes with carbofuran before transplanting to avoid rot; in addition, diseased plants should be pulled out in time; and stagnant water in the field should be eliminated in time in the rainy season. Other diseases and insect pests can be treated according to conventional methods.

Harvest and processing

It is usually collected from Frosts Descent to the Beginning of Winter. The suitable period is to spread the flower heart for 2 / 3. To harvest chrysanthemums, you should choose sunny days and process them in time after harvest to prevent decay and discoloration. There are traditional processing methods in each producing area. The processing method of chrysanthemum is as follows: when the flowers are in full bloom and the petals are generally white, the stalks are cut off, tied into small bundles, hung upside down in a ventilated and dry place to dry, can not be exposed to the sun, otherwise the aroma is poor. When drying to 80% dry, you can pick the flowers, place them in the fumigation room and whiten them with sulfur, and then dry them in a thin spread for 1 day. And then pack it. The processing method of gong chrysanthemum is as follows: direct drying room for refining and drying, using smokeless charcoal as fuel, the temperature of the room is controlled between 40-50 ℃, spread the chrysanthemum on the bamboo curtain, when the flower color is supplied to ivory white, take it out from the donor room, and then place the ventilated and dry place until it is fully dry. The yield per mu of chrysanthemum is generally about 100 kg, with large flowers, white or bright yellow flowers, thick petals or many petals and close petals.

The above is the editor to share the relevant knowledge of chrysanthemum cultivation techniques for you, I hope it will be helpful for you to grow chrysanthemums!

Chrysanthemum planting technique

Overview

Chrysanthemum is a plant of the family Compositae, which is used in medicine with head inflorescence. It has the effect of soothing wind and heat, clearing liver and eyesight, and is mainly used to treat exogenous wind-heat, dizziness and headache. Often drinking chrysanthemum tea has the function of avoiding summer heat and relieving annoyance. Chrysanthemums are cultivated all over the country, among which the famous ones are chrysanthemum from Anhui, Hangzhou white chrysanthemum from Zhejiang, Huai chrysanthemum from Henan, and Qi chrysanthemum from Hebei, which are important Chinese herbal medicines exported to Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan. Chrysanthemums like warm climate and sunny environment, can be cold-tolerant, afraid of waterlogging, but the seedling stage, flowering stage can not lack of water, chrysanthemum is a short-day plant, sensitive to the length of sunshine, no more than 10 hours of light every day to bud and blossom.

Cultivation techniques

1. The soil for selecting land and planting chrysanthemum is not strict, but it is better to grow in soil with good drainage, fertile, loose and humus-rich soil. Clay land and low-lying land should not be planted, saline-alkali land should not be planted, and continuous cropping should be avoided.

2. The culture methods include ramet culture and cutting culture.

After the chrysanthemum was harvested in November, the stem of the chrysanthemum was cut off from the ground, the plants with strong growth and disease-free were selected, all the roots were dug out, and replanted on a fertile land, and a layer of soil and miscellaneous fertilizer was applied to keep warm through the winter. From March to April of the following year, the dung was removed and watered. In April and May, when the chrysanthemum seedlings grew to 15 cm high, the whole plant was dug out, divided into several plants, and immediately planted in the field. When planting, the row spacing was 40 cm, burrows were dug, and 2 seedlings were planted in each hole. After planting, the seedlings were covered with compaction and watered with root water. Generally, the old seedlings can be planted in a production field of about 15 mu.

The new techniques of sturdy and disease-free cuttings were selected for cuttings in April or June-August. Take the middle section, cut it into a 15cm section, treat the cuttings with plant hormones, and then insert the cuttings into the seedbed with a row spacing of 20ml / 25cm and a plant spacing of 6m / 7cm, compacted and watered. The roots can be rooted in about 20 days. Human and animal dung water is applied every other month, and the seedlings can be transplanted out of the nursery when the seedling height is 20cm. 3. The ramet seedlings were transplanted in April, and the cuttings were transplanted in May-June. Select cloudy or rainy or sunny evening, on the whole border, dig holes according to the bead spacing of 40 cm each, and the hole depth is 6 cm. Then, take the seedlings, plant 1 plant in each hole, and plant 12 seedlings in each hole. After planting, cover the soil and press it, and pour the root water.

4. Field management

After the seedlings of herbicidal chrysanthemum were transplanted and survived, weeding should be carried out 4-5 times before budding. Each weeding should be shallow or deep, and soil should be cultivated at the same time to prevent chrysanthemum seedlings from lodging.

Topdressing chrysanthemum likes fertilizer, in addition to applying sufficient base fertilizer, topdressing should be carried out for 5 times during the growing period. For the first time, after transplanting, 15 kg urea was applied to accelerate seedlings. The second time in the plant branch school, cake fertilizer and human feces and urine can be applied per mu. The third fertilization was in the budding stage.

After the bud-picking chrysanthemum branched, before and after Lesser Fullness of Grain, when the seedling height was 25 cm, the heart was removed for the first time, 1.2 cm on a sunny day, and then once every half a month, stopping after Greater Heat, otherwise there were too many branches and malnutrition, and the flower head became small, affecting the yield and quality of chrysanthemum.

The common diseases of chrysanthemum are root rot, downy mildew, brown spot and so on. In the rainy season, chrysanthemum is prone to leaf withering of the whole plant. When pulled up, the root system is moldy and there are rhizosphere nematodes, which seriously affect the growth of chrysanthemum. The control method is to treat chrysanthemum seedlings and planting holes with carbofuran before transplanting to avoid rot; in addition, diseased plants should be pulled out in time; and stagnant water in the field should be eliminated in time in the rainy season. Other diseases and insect pests can be treated according to conventional methods.

Harvesting and processing is generally from Frosts Descent to the Beginning of Winter. The suitable period is to spread the flower heart for 2 / 3. To harvest chrysanthemums, you should choose sunny days and process them in time after harvest to prevent decay and discoloration. There are traditional processing methods in each producing area. The processing method of chrysanthemum is as follows: when the flowers are in full bloom and the petals are generally white, the stalks are cut off, tied into small bundles, hung upside down in a ventilated and dry place to dry, can not be exposed to the sun, otherwise the aroma is poor. When drying to 80% dry, you can pick the flowers, place them in the fumigation room and whiten them with sulfur, and then dry them in a thin spread for 1 day. And then pack it. The processing method of gong chrysanthemum is as follows: direct drying room for refining and drying, using smokeless charcoal as fuel, the temperature of the room is controlled between 40 ℃ and 50 min, spread the chrysanthemum on the bamboo curtain, when the flower color is supplied to ivory white, take it out from the donor room, and then place the ventilated and dry place until it is fully dry. The yield per mu of chrysanthemum is generally about 100 kg, with large flowers, white or bright yellow flowers, thick petals or many petals and close petals.

Responsible Editor: hjj