Cultivation and Management techniques and Pest and Pest Control of Flame Tree in Australia

Australian flame tree is a non-beautiful plant, many places want to introduce Australian flame tree for ornamental greening application. Today, the editor of Huinong Network brings you the cultivation techniques of Australian flame tree propagation and pest control.

1 growth performance

1.1 Botanical traits

Evergreen tree, 12-20m tall, straight trunk, turquoise or light brown bark, layered, tower-shaped or umbrella-shaped, leaves broad, palmate, 3-parted, lobes pinnately parted, leathery; flowering in spring and summer, flowering April-July, panicles, flowers shaped like small bells or wine bottles, large and red; fruit clip, petals reddish brown, subwoody, seeds 3-pinnatifid, fruit September-October. The seeds have membranous wings, the seeds are long 10.42mm and wide 6.57mm, and the weight of 1000 seeds is 257.6g.

1.2 growth habits

It is fond of high temperature and strong light, and the suitable temperature for growth is 2330 ℃. Australian flame tree needs higher temperature to blossom. In the north of South China, it does not blossom or bloom less because of low temperature. Suitable for growing in deep, fertile, well-drained soil, sandy soil is also suitable for growth, avoid long-term flooding. The growth rate is fast, the height of biennial seedlings can reach 2m, and it is easy to transplant.

1.3 growth performance at seedling stage

The seeds of Australian flame tree were unearthed one after another from 10 days to 2 months after sowing, and the roots of the seedlings grew fast. after 20 days of sowing, 3 leaves were pulled out, and the root system reached 4 cm. The seedlings should be transferred in time when they grow 3 leaves.

The average height of one-year-old seedlings was 60.83 cm, and that of two-year-old seedlings was 88.83 cm. Five months after cultivation, the height, crown width and ground diameter of two-year-old seedlings reached 165 cm, 79 cm × 92 cm and 31.5 mm respectively.

1.4 growth performance of big trees

Australian flame tree was introduced and cultivated in Guangzhou South China Botanical Garden, Yuntai Garden, Conghua River and other places. As a landscape tree in Yuntai Garden, it was isolated and clustered at the focus of the landscape and the corner of the garden road. Most of the plants grew well, with an average tree height of 12m, an average height of 4.5m under branches, an average DBH of 22 cm and an average crown width of 4.6m × 4.4m. The insect pest is serious. Strong positive, luxuriant branches and leaves in the sun, no branches and leaves in the shade. At the corner of South China Botanical Garden Road, the average tree height is 6m, the average height under branches is 2.5m, the average DBH is 13.7m, and the average crown width is 3.0m × 2.7m. The plant diseases and insect pests are serious and the growth is poor.

(2) Seedling technique

2.1 Reproductive mode

Australian flame tree can be sown and propagated by seed, and the fruit is harvested from September to October. The seed germination rate is high, and the seed sowing is better in the current season. Grafting is also easy to survive, and grafted plants bloom much earlier than seedlings.

2.2 Seedling bed preparation

The seedlings are divided into two stages, that is, the buds are first cultivated on the sand bed, and then transferred to the nutrition bag. The sand bed is arranged into a high border with a width of 1.0 ~ 1.2 m and a height of 20 ~ 25 cm, which is beneficial to seed germination and seedling transfer. The seedbed can be disinfected with 50% carbendazim 800 times solution, and it is appropriate to irrigate the soil.

2.3 seed treatment

The seeds of Australian flame tree germinated quickly and the germination rate was high when the seeds were refrigerated for 1 month under the condition of 5-8 ℃ and soaked in water for 24 hours. When soaking the seeds, the floating seeds were removed, then disinfected with 50% carbendazim 800 times solution for 10 min, washed with clean water, put into a net bag to dry the moisture of the seed epidermis and then sowed.

2.4 sowing

Generally use sowing, sow seeds evenly on the seedbed, cover fine sand or peat soil after sowing, shallow sowing, with no seeds for the degree, border surface and then build a sunshade net, drenched with water and moisturizing. Disinfect with 50% carbendazim wettable powder 800 times solution or 70% methyl topiramate wettable powder 1000 times solution every 3 days.

2.5 transfer of seedlings

20 days after sowing, when the seedlings grew 3 pairs of true leaves and seedling height 5~7cm, the seedlings were moved to a nutrition bag in cloudy or sunny afternoon, and fully sprinkled with water before transplanting, so that the moist soil was attached to the root group to avoid root group injury. The formula of nutritious soil is yellow soil with a small amount of river sand, and it can also be combined with the application of all-element compound fertilizer or organic fertilizer to supplement soil fertility. After transplanting seedlings, water in time and cover with shade net. Australian flame tree is a typical tropical tree species. It likes to get wet and drips water every day to keep the seedbed moist. 0.2% urea can be sprayed every 10 days to promote seedling growth [3-4].

3 cultivation and management

3.1 cultivation

Comprehensive cleaning of miscellaneous, hole-shaped soil preparation, specification 50cm × 50cm × 40cm, row spacing of digging holes 3m × 3m, fully mature organic fertilizer 2kg or compound fertilizer 0.25kg as base fertilizer, base fertilizer and subsoil mixed well. Choose rainy season planting, nutrition bag seedling cultivation, gently compaction the soil mass by hand, remove the film bag and keep the soil mass as far as possible, put the seedlings in the hole before covering the soil, first use the insecticidal application on the soil surface of the seedlings, each plant is about 3G, and then cover the soil and compaction hard from the outside to the inside with the hand, the covering soil should be higher than the seedling soil mass 3cm.

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Diseases and insect pests of Flame trees and their Control

The Disease of Flame Tree and its Control of Blight

The disease mainly occurs when there is a lot of precipitation in spring, and both seedlings and adult plants will be damaged. The symptoms are dark brown spots on the site of the disease and die in severe cases.

Prevention and cure method

Timely detection and removal of diseased plants in order to reduce pollution sources and prevent the spread of diseases.

The soil needs to be disinfected before transplanting. 70% pentachloronitrophenol can be mixed with fine soil, the proportion is about 1 ∶ 30, and sprinkled on the seedbed soil. When transplanting with disease-free new soil, fully mature fertilizer must be used, not fresh farm manure.

For spring seedlings, 1000 times of 75% chlorothalonil or 1000 times of methyl topiramate can be sprayed about a week later, and then sprayed every 10 days or so, alternately.

Insect pests of flame trees and their control the main insect pests of flame trees are aphids, ground tigers, beetles, ulna moths, Spodoptera litura and so on. Aphids can induce coal fouling disease; ground tiger and beetle eat the root system with larvae, the former mainly cause harm to cutting seedlings and seedlings, while beetles do harm to large, medium and small seedlings; ulna moth and nocturnal moth harm plants with larvae eating leaves, in serious cases, they can eat up all the shoots in 3 days.

Prevention and cure method

For the prevention and control of aphids, Baume 3-5 degree stone sulfur mixture or 5% diesel emulsion can be sprayed before germination to kill overwintering adults and eggs. The second spray can be applied after falling flowers, and the third spray can be carried out in autumn.

The larvae of ground tigers and beetles are underground pests, and their control should be strengthened and should not be treated with immature organic fertilizer. Ploughing needs to be carried out in winter, which can turn the overwintering larvae out of the surface and freeze them to death. In addition, 3% furan granules were trenched into soil 10-20 cm deep according to the dosage of 2 kg per mu.

1500 times of methamidophos can be sprayed on the larvae of Plutella xylostella and Spodoptera litura.

Brief introduction of Flame Tree

English name: flame Tree

Also known as: fountain tree, fire flower, flame wood.

Latin scientific name: Spathodea campanulata Beauv.

Families and genera: Flame tree genus of Artemiaceae

Distribution of origin: Africa

The flame tree is the national tree of the Republic of Gabon. Between winter and spring, the flower cup is huge, with a height of about 10 meters and a length of about 10-12 centimeters. It is often used as a shade tree or street tree, and it is also suitable for planting in parks, communities, tourist areas and other places. If you take a closer look, the crimson petals have a golden pattern on the edge, which is extremely gorgeous.