Key points of peony cultivation techniques: how to prolong the flowering time of peony?

Peony flowers are large and fragrant, so they are also known as "Tianzi national color". Peony has always been loved by people, and it will be more popular if it is made open on festivals such as New Year's Day and Spring Festival. If we want to prolong the flowering time of peony, we must master the key points of planting and cultivation techniques of peony.

1. Species selection

There are many kinds of peony, but not all kinds of peony can be used to promote flowering. We should choose the species with plain, simple and early blooming patterns, mainly bright red, orange, pink and white. The white species suitable for promoting flowers in summer are'Hu Hong', 'Luoyang Red', 'No. 18', 'rouge Red', 'Fire Lianjin Dan' and 'Qinglong Wo Mo Chi'. Pink and white species are 'Zhao Fan', 'Erqiao', 'Fan Zhongguan', 'Powder Lotus Noodle', 'similar Lotus Lotus' and so on. Yellow flower species' Yao Huang 'can also be used.

two。 Plant selection

Plants that are 4-5 years old, full of flower buds and free from diseases and insect pests should be selected. All peonies that promote flowers in summer should be strengthened from the Spring Festival of that year, paying attention to watering and fertilizing, and preventing and controlling diseases and insect pests. During the drought season, it should be watered 4-5 times, fully mature cake fertilizer should be applied once in May, July and September, 150 grams per plant each time, and 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate should be applied 2 times 3 times. From May to June, 0.5 degree Bordeaux solution was sprayed on the leaf surface every other half month. In addition, peonies for promoting flowers in summer had better not make them blossom and bear fruit during the Spring Festival of the same year, so as to increase nutrition consumption and benefit flower bud differentiation.

3. Upper basin

Before promoting flowering, peony must undergo-2 ℃ ~ 0 ℃ low temperature tempering before it is easy to blossom, otherwise it will not sprout even if it is put at low temperature and given abundant water and fertilizer. In order to make the peony blossom in New Year's Day or the Spring Festival, it must be treated at low temperature for more than 30 days. And it takes 35 to 40 days for peony to bloom from potting to flowering. if it is allowed to open during the Spring Festival, it is necessary to care about the date of potting, because the month and date of the Spring Festival are different in the Gregorian calendar.

When potting, the peony should be dug out with soil balls, cut off disabled and excessive "soil buds" (short buds recovered in the air), and planted in flowerpots with a diameter of 40 cm and a depth of 25 cm. After filling the basin soil, immediately pour water once, squat the seedlings outside for 4-5 days before entering the room.

4. Greenhouse maintenance

(1) greenhouse

It should be adjusted according to the natural rise of temperature and the temperature difference between day and night in the blooming season of peony in spring. The plants just coming into the pot should be controlled at 10 ℃ ~ 13 ℃ at room temperature and rise to 18 ℃ ~ 25 ℃ a week later. If the room temperature exceeds 30 ℃, the window should be opened to cool down.

(2) moisture

After entering the room, when the temperature rises to 18 ℃ ~ 25 ℃, the peony should be watered every other day. Spray water on the branches and leaves 2 or 3 times a day. If the peony has begun to release leaves, when the flower bud is as big as the thumb, it is necessary to enhance the foliar spray and less water in the basin, so as not to cause the excessive growth of leaves, grabbing the root nutrition with the flower bud and showing the scene of dense flowers and leaves.

(3) fertilization

Peonies that promote flowering in summer have accumulated a small amount of nutrients in the roots for sprouting, leaf spreading and flowering, so there is no need for excessive fertilization in the potted soil, just a little thin pancake fertilizer and water. In order to make the peony leaves green and colorful, foliar fertilizer spraying can be carried out for 2 times with 0.1% solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate.

(4) Lighting

To make the peony leaves green and colorful, it is also necessary to make the greenhouse full of light. The greenhouse that promotes the flower requires good light transmittance and needs to make up for the light. A 40 watt fluorescent lamp can be installed above the peony plant 1.5 meters from the leaf surface to extend and make up for the light for 2 hours every day for 3 hours.

For the peony that does not sprout one week after entering the house, gibberellin of 100ppm can be smeared on the bud to break through dormancy and promote germination. According to the above method, the peony can sprout 5-7 days after entering the room, begin to spread leaves 10 days later, expand the buds 15 days later, show color after 30 days, and reach the first bloom in 35-40 days. If it is still far from the scheduled appreciation period, the room temperature can be reduced to 8 ℃ ~ 15 ℃ to slow down the flowering rate, and then heat up to make it open at the appreciation period.

Key points of tree peony ramet cultivation techniques-the cultivation and cultivation of tree peony can be done by sowing, ramet, grafting and other methods, of which the ramet method is the most simple and convenient. Practice has proved that in order to make peony flourish and bloom year after year, it is necessary to skillfully master the technical points of its ramet cultivation.

The timing of ramet cultivation of peony peony is a tufted shrub, which is very suitable for ramet, but it should not be too early or too late. If the ramet is too early (before mid-September), because the temperature is still high, it is easy to cause terminal bud germination and consume nutrients, affecting the growth and flowering of the following year. If the ramet in spring, due to the warm weather, the peony germinates rapidly and needs to consume a lot of water and nutrients, but after the split, because the root system has not yet healed, there is no supply of water and fertilizer, which not only can not blossom in the same year, but also lead to growth weakening and affect the flowering in the coming year. If the ramet is too late (after the Beginning of Winter), the root wound is difficult to heal due to low temperature, and new roots cannot germinate that year, and a lot of water and nutrients are needed for germination and flowering in the next spring, but the roots have not yet taken root or rarely take root at this time. It is extremely easy to wilt and die due to insufficient supply of water and fertilizer. Practice has proved that the best time for tree peony ramet is from late September to mid-October. The root wound of tree peony planted in this period is easy to heal, and some new roots can grow quickly, which is very beneficial to flowering and rejuvenation in the coming year.

In the ramet cultivation technique of tree peony, the four or five-year-old plant with strong growth should be selected as the mother plant, the whole plant should be dug out from the soil, and the root system should be kept intact as far as possible. if there are broken roots, shredded roots or poorly growing blackened roots, they should be cut off by sharp shearing; gently shake off the roots of the peony seedlings and leave them in a cool place to dry for two or three days. After the roots are slightly softened, choose the parts where the plant is easy to be divided, break it by hand or split it into several clumps with a sharp knife, each clump should have three or four branches and two or three roots, and the wound should be coated with charcoal powder for preservative, and then planted.

Whether it is a ground plant or a potted plant, choose sandy loam that is well drained and more fertile. Rotten leaf soil, pastoral soil and fine river sand can be used after spraying and disinfecting. The ramet-trimmed plant is put into the pit or pot, and the prepared culture soil is evenly added. When the soil is added to the pit depth or the pot depth of 1 / 3, the plant can be gently lifted two or three centimeters to make the root stretch freely, so that the culture soil infiltrates into the rhizosphere and closely connects with the soil. The planting depth is the same as the original depth of the plant, the root neck just exposed to the soil surface, should not be too deep or too shallow, the planting is too deep, the plant is often poor growth, the leaves are yellow, and the root system is easy to rot; if the planting is too shallow, the root neck is exposed, affecting root germination and germination, and is not resistant to drought and cold. Irrigate the cultivated peony in time to ensure that the root water is thoroughly watered so that the root system is in full contact with the cultivated soil.

In the cold areas of northern winter, peonies planted in the open field should pay attention to the cold, and measures such as burying soil at the root neck or wrapping grass can be taken to protect against the cold. Newly planted peonies should not be fertilized until they are gradually rejuvenated, otherwise it will go against one's wishes and easily lead to peony wilting and death due to fertilizer damage. When the peony flowers bloom and how to prolong the flowering time of the peonies

Peony has thousands of years of natural growth and more than 1500 years of artificial cultivation history. Many people do not know when the peony will bloom. Let's take a look at when the peony will bloom. How to prolong the flowering time of peony?

When do the peonies blossom:

Like other flowers, peonies bloom in spring and summer, usually blooming from April to May, flowering in May and fruiting in June. Don't miss the time if you want to see the peonies.

How to prolong the flowering time of peony:

1. Prevention of wind damage: when the peony is in bloom, it is in the north wind season, because its flower diameter is generally 15 cm to 25 cm, which is easy to lead to top-heavy, so after flowering, in case of strong wind, it is very easy to blow off the branches, and the strong wind is also easy to damage the delicate petals, resulting in the phenomenon of "dry edge". Therefore, the flowering period of the peony must be placed in the leeward place, and the flowering branches are also supported by thin sticks.

2, enough light: the peony needs sufficient light during the flowering period, such as insufficient light, except that the branches are easy to grow and the leaves are small and yellowing, but also because the leaves can not carry out photosynthesis normally, so that the flowers can not get enough nutrients, not only the flowers are small, but also the color is not bright and there is no fragrance.

3. Appropriate amount of water: peony needs more water than usual at flowering stage. Although the temperature in spring is not high, the wind is strong and the water evaporates quickly, so it is very necessary to give the plant sufficient water. According to the author's experience, during this period, the potted soil should be kept moist (no stagnant water), and should be watered when the potted soil is semi-dry. Usually, in sunny weather with high temperature and sufficient light, water should be sprayed on the leaves of the plant, but not on the flowers. Otherwise, it is easy to make the flowers fade early.

The method of florescence management of peony flower:

1. Cold prevention: in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, peony has sprouted since early February. Due to the changeable climate in early spring, passengers are vulnerable to cold spell and late frost, so special attention should be paid to cold prevention. Potted peonies should be moved to the leeward and sunny places. it is best to build a grass shed to cover them, or light moist firewood and grass to prevent frost before frost.

2. Thinning buds: the flowering of peony is similar to the fruit of fruit trees, and there is also a phenomenon of "big and small years". After budding, appropriate bud thinning should be carried out according to the tree potential and the flowering situation of the previous year. If there are many buds in that year, it can be regarded as a "big year", and some of the smaller and lower buds should be removed (about 1/3). The work of soothing buds should be done sooner rather than later.

3. Topdressing outside the root before flowering: after the peony spread its leaves, the leaves have a certain ability to absorb fertilizer due to the strengthening of photosynthesis. At this time, 0.1%-0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be used for foliar spraying. If you can spray 2-3 times before the flower, you can make the buds fuller and bigger, and the flowers more colorful.

4. Watering: in the north, it is dry and rainy in spring, so it needs to be watered again before flowering (early April) in addition to watering at the beginning of March. Stop watering as you approach flowering. Avoid spraying water on leaves and flowers, otherwise it will shorten the flowering time and make the flowers wither quickly.

5. Shade: avoid strong wind and cool days when peony blossoms. In order to prolong the flowering time, thin white cloth (do not use colored cloth or flower cloth) should be used to shade the bud at the beginning of the bud, which can prolong the flowering period by 4-7 days.

6. cut off the residual flowers: after the peony flowers are in bloom, the residual flowers should be cut off in time, which can not only avoid "decay", but also reduce the consumption of nutrients. Some single-petal varieties are easy to bear fruit, and their flowers should be cut off in time if they are not for hybrid seed collection.

7. Post-anthesis fertilization: because peony flowering consumes a lot of nutrients, only topdressing outside the root before flowering can not be supplemented, and a large amount of fertilizer after flowering can be made up. It is best to apply fertilizer with fully mature three cakes (sesame cake, bean cake, cottonseed cake or rapeseed cake). The amount of fertilizer should be determined according to the size of the plant. Fertilization should be carried out at a certain distance from the root neck and a circular shallow trench about 15 cm deep should be opened. Water thoroughly immediately after application.

8. Leaf disease prevention: the resistance of peony to the disease is weakened after flowering, and brown spot is easy to take advantage of deficiency. In order to protect the leaves from disease, Bordeaux solution or 200-fold carbendazim suspension should be sprayed every 7-10 days after flowering for 2 times. In this way, there will be less damage to leaves throughout the year, so that photosynthesis can be carried out normally and accumulate more nutrients for flowering next year.