Pot propagation technology and pest control of jasmine

There are many varieties of jasmine, and it is also a good-looking flower. Many flower friends like it very much, so how to plant jasmine in pots? How does it reproduce? Let's take a look at the detailed introduction of the editor below.

1. Reproduction method

1.1. Cutting propagation from April to October, select mature one-year-old branches, cut into cuttings with more than two nodes, remove lower leaves, insert matrix, cover with plastic film, maintain high air humidity and take root for about 40 ~ 60 days.

1.1.1 the longer branches were selected for striping propagation, cut gently at the lower part of the node, buried in a small basin containing sand and mud, often moisturized, began to take root in 20 ~ 30 days, and could be cut off from the mother plant after 2 months and planted separately.

1.1.2 ramet propagation selected jasmine with good development, vigorous growth and many branches, combined with pruning and changing pots, split the roots of the plant, each plant had 5 branches, planted in loose and fertile soil, slow the seedlings for half a month to enter the normal management.

1.2 raising seedlings

In batch production of potted jasmine, double jasmine is used for cutting seedlings, and varieties with tough branches, cold resistance, moisture resistance, large number of flowers and strong fragrance should be selected.

1.2.1 cutting time the best time for jasmine cutting in Yiyang is from April to June, rooting after cutting for about 15 to 20 days, followed by October to the first ten days of November, and rooting for 20 to 30 days after cutting.

1.2.2 Seedling details the branches of jasmine are fine and soft. The mature or semi-mature 1-year-old branches with strong growth and no diseases and insect pests must be selected. The middle and lower segments of Lignification or semi-Lignification are cuttings with obvious bud eyes. Each cuttage is 10 ~ 15 cm, the cut is smooth, and the branches are soaked in 0.5 ~ 1% potassium permanganate solution. Rooting agents can be used, such as IAA, IBA, NAA, 6-BA, etc., of which 20mg/L6-BA is the best, soaking for more than 3 hours. In order to transplant seedlings slowly and quickly, 72-hole disk was used to raise seedlings, and the substrate was screened in local clean red soil (Quaternary red soil) and half-mixed with river sand, and the substrate was slightly acidic, loose and breathable. The moisture of cuttage seedlings is easy to lose, so it should be covered with a small arch shed, open the film at noon on a sunny day to dissipate heat, and pay attention to replenishing water in time.

two。 Cultivation and management techniques

Jasmine has certain requirements for soil acidity and looseness, which requires a large amount of fertilizer, is not resistant to cold, likes moisture, sunshine and resistance to pruning. All aspects of cultivation need to be carefully managed in order to ensure large amount of flowers, long florescence and beautiful plant type.

2.1 preparation of nutritious soil

The nutrient soil of jasmine potted plant should be rich in organic matter, good in water retention, water permeability and aeration, and slightly acidic. We mixed 4 parts of red loam, 2 parts of rotten leaf soil, 2 parts of river sand, 2 parts of compound fertilizer and 2 parts of chicken manure in vegetable garden to prepare culture soil, or replaced rotten leaf soil with grain hull (sawdust) and fermented fully before use.

2.2 planting in the upper basin

After cutting for 50 days, the seedlings were planted in the basin of 18cm × 13cm, multi-layer waste newspaper was placed on the bottom of the pot, and 3 trees were planted in each pot by adding nutrient soil of 3 ~ 5 cm. The seedlings were then filled with nutrient soil 2 ~ 3cm higher than the height of the flowerpot, and then watered thoroughly without shading.

2.3 Fertilizer, Water and Light Management

Jasmine flowers like fertilizer, a large amount of fertilizer is needed when blooming, but thin fertilizer should be applied frequently, combined with foliar topdressing and acid fertilizer should be applied properly. At the same time, the fertilization of jasmine must avoid excessive nitrogen fertilizer and insufficient phosphorus and potassium fertilizer.

Jasmine likes to be moist, its growth is small, and it is watered once every 2 ~ 3 days. In the peak season of growth, the water demand increases, and it can be watered once a day, but it is necessary to prevent excessive watering and cause rotting roots.

Combined watering can maintain the acidity of the soil by watering 0.2% ferrous sulfate solution once a month. Due to the better fertilizer effect of the nutritious soil itself, there was no need to apply fertilizer in the early stage, and topdressing did not begin until the turn of spring and summer, mainly applying thin (20%) liquid cake fertilizer or manure once a week. 0.1% ~ 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or 0.5% calcium superphosphate is added to liquid fertilizer, and 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be used for foliar topdressing to promote flower bud differentiation and bloom in the first stage of June-July. One concentrated fertilizer was applied in early August to promote flower formation in the second stage, and foliar fertilizer was sprayed to reduce topdressing in late August. From the first ten days of September to the first ten days of October, the third stage flowers formed, stopped fertilizing, and finished blooming in the middle and last ten days of October.

Jasmine likes light, in the environment of sufficient sunshine and high temperature, the green branches are strong, the flowers are more fragrant; on the contrary, the branches and leaves are thin, the branches are slender, the flowers are light and fragrant. If it is cultivated indoors, it should be transferred to the pot in time to meet the uniform light, and the weak light should not be placed for more than 3 days. Batch potted plants, the effect of reflective film on the ground is good.

2.4 shaping and pruning

The jasmine is resistant to pruning, and the newly planted potted flowers focus on shaping, picking the heart in time, promoting branching and promoting the fullness of the plant type. The plant in 3 ~ 6 years blossoms most vigorously, then senescence, mainly regeneration, re-pruning the main branches and backbone branches before the germination of new buds in spring, promoting exuberant new branches, and picking the heart in time, the plant type is soon plump, the number of flowers is also large, and the ornamental value is high.

2.5 wintering management

Jasmine flowers are greenhouse flowers in Yiyang area and must spend the winter indoors or in greenhouse. When the air temperature drops below 10 ℃, it begins to enter the dormancy period, and when it drops to 2 ~ 3 ℃ below zero, the branches will suffer frost damage. In the first ten days of November every year, the pots of potted jasmine were changed, and the roots and branches were trimmed. Pour enough water after changing the basin, put it in the greenhouse and let it recover. Watering should be strictly controlled after recovery, and seedlings should be ventilated at noon on a sunny day. If you encounter a big cold wave, you should add sunshade nets and other coverage in advance. Through the above measures, jasmine can survive the winter safely in Yiyang area.

3. Pest control

The main disease of jasmine is white silk disease, and the main pests are red spiders and shell insects. In the early stage of the disease, the surrounding soil was disinfected with 70% pentachloronitrobenzene, or sprayed with 1% Bordeaux solution, 0.3 Baomedo stone sulfur mixture, or 50% wettable bacilli special soil for prevention and control; when the disease was serious, spray 1000 times of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder or 65% Dysen zinc wettable powder 800 times. Red spiders can be sprayed with 5% nisoron or 5% paraben 3000 times. Scale insects can be sprayed with 1000-fold solution such as 40% omethoate or 50% fenitrothion.

Control methods of main diseases and insect pests of jasmine

Jasmine anthracnose:

Symptom: mainly harms leaves. Sometimes it also harms tender shoots. The leaves were small chlorotic spots at first and then enlarged to light brown. Round or near-round plaque. 2-10mm in diameter, gray-white in the center of the lesion, brown at the edge, slightly raised. In the later stage, there are sparse black dots on the lesion.

Disease regularity: the pathogen overwintered on the diseased leaves with mycelium and conidia. Through the transmission of wind and rain, invading from the wound, the disease is more serious in summer and autumn.

Prevention and control methods:

1. Remove dead branches and fallen leaves, cut off diseased branches and destroy them.

2. Increase the application of organic fertilizer, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and ferrous sulfate to enhance disease resistance.

3. After the new shoots were extracted, the protective fungicides were sprayed with 50% carbendazim 800x solution, 70% methyl topiramate 1000 fold solution, 75% chlorothalonil 800x solution or 80% anthrax Fumei 800x solution, once every 10 to 15 days, for 5 times in a row.

White silk disease of jasmine is the most serious disease of jasmine. When the disease is serious, the plant will die and the yield will be greatly affected.

Symptoms: the disease is mainly located at the base of the stem near the ground. The base of the diseased stem is dark brown, and there is a white silk-like mycelium on it, which is mostly radiant, and the edge is especially obvious. In the later stage, there were many tea-brown rapeseed-like sclerotia in the diseased part. When the weather is humid, the hyphae will expand to the surface and soil gaps around the roots, and there will also be sclerotia. In the later stage, the base of the stem of the affected plant was completely rotten, which led to the wilting of the stem and leaves and the death of the plant.

Prevention and control measures:

1. Remove diseased plants and disinfect the soil. If the damaged plants are found in the early stage, they should be removed in time and burned or buried deeply. 86.2% of the copper masters are irrigated with 800-1200 times, 50% desenamine 500-fold solution or lime powder. The removal of diseased plants should be carried out before sclerotia formation.

2. Rational fertilization. The application of non-mature organic fertilizer on the surface of the soil will aggravate the occurrence of white silk disease, so organic fertilizer (such as barnyard manure, etc.) should be used as base fertilizer and buried deep in the lower layer of the soil. If used as topdressing, it must be fully ripened before it can be applied.

3. Chemical control. At the initial stage of the disease, 1000 times of 50% desenamine can be sprayed on the base of the plant stem and its surrounding soil, and then sprinkled again after 7-10 days, in order to kill bacteria in the soil. The soil around the stem base of the plant was sprayed with 1000 times of thiophanate methyl or 1000 times of carbendazim to inhibit the spread of the disease.

4. Biological control. Using antibiotic Trichoderma harzianum (Trichodermaharzianum) to control white silk disease of jasmine flower has a good effect. First cultivate the strain of Trichoderma, and then mix it into the sterilized wheat bran to form Trichoderma preparation. When Trichoderma preparation is used, and then evenly mixed with fine soil to the soil, the soil should maintain a certain humidity, promote a large number of Trichoderma growth and reproduction in the soil, in order to inhibit the growth of white silk fungus, so as to achieve the purpose of disease prevention.

Jasmine leaf borer: it is one of the main pests of Rongli. It eats jasmine leaves, buds, twigs and shoots with its larvae. The bark of branchlets withered after being eaten, and the seedlings died after being killed, which seriously affected the growth and flowering of jasmine.

Prevention and control methods:

1. In winter or early spring, remove withered branches and fallen leaves from the plant and burn them centrally.

2. Properly thinning leaves to facilitate ventilation, capturing and killing eggs, larvae and pupae on leaves in time.

3. During the growth of jasmine, it can be sprayed with 6000 times of 50% trichlorfon wettable powder, which has a good control effect.

Jasmine stem rot: the disease occurs at the base of the stem, and the initial spot is brown and watery. The plaque expands longitudinally into stripes. The edge is dark brown, the inside is grayish brown, and the tissue of the disease class in the later stage is decayed and split longitudinally, and black granules appear. The disease will occur throughout the year during the greenhouse maintenance period, especially in early spring. Outdoor maintenance also occurs from August to September. It is beneficial to the occurrence of diseases under the condition of high temperature and humidity.

Prevention and control methods:

1. When flowers are put on the pot, they can be sprayed with 0.2-0.4 degrees of stone-sulfur mixture.

2. Smear the diseased spot or branches with 70% topiramate 600-1000 times solution, or use thiram 500 times solution, the effect is good.

Jasmine chlorosis:

Symptoms: there are two types of manifestations. One is that the young leaf veins are yellow, the leaf veins are green, when the whole leaf is serious, the whole leaf becomes yellow-white, and there are brown necrotic spots at the tip and edge of the leaf; the other is that the leaf is yellow, often causing early defoliation. The disease is a non-communicable disease. The first symptom is caused by iron deficiency and the second symptom is caused by nutrients such as nitrogen deficiency.

The prevention and control of jasmine yellowing can be controlled by cultivation techniques, mainly as follows:

1. Soil selection: the soil for cultivating jasmine should be loose and fertile. Avoid sticky soil and apply rarefied organic fertilizer before planting.

2. Soil pH value: slightly acidic soil should be selected to plant jasmine, usually the pH value is 6.0-6.5. Alkaline soil can be acidified with sulfur powder or 0.1% ferrous sulfate solution.

3. Fertilization science: fertilizer and water management is also the key to the prevention and control of jasmine chlorosis. Topdressing dilute organic fertilizer is a better method, which can not only meet the fertilizer requirement of jasmine growing period, but also improve the soil. Ferrous sulfate is also an excellent fertilizer in jasmine cultivation. Spraying 0.1% ferrous sulfate solution on the leaves according to the different growth stages of jasmine can not only meet the demand for iron of jasmine, but also play the role of acidifying soil.

4, correct watering: Jasmine avoid stagnant water and high humidity, water more in dry season, potted jasmine should see wet and dry, do not use too cool water to irrigate, so as not to reduce soil temperature and affect root growth.

5. Reasonable pruning: when changing pots, cut off some old and diseased roots to promote the growth of new roots, and cut off dead and weak branches from the aboveground part. Through the above methods to strengthen the management of cultivation techniques to promote the overall growth of jasmine, the aboveground parts are coordinated with the underground parts, so as to ensure the absorption of fertilizer during the whole growing period, so as to achieve the purpose of preventing and controlling jasmine chlorosis.

Control methods of African jasmine diseases and insect pests

African jasmine evergreen vine with stems up to 4 meters long. African jasmine is easy to adapt to unfamiliar environment and can be planted in courtyards and balconies. African jasmine branches as emerald, leaves shiny, flowers slightly fragrant, elegant flowers, each five-petal, umbrella-shaped, clustered at the top of the flower branch. African jasmine does not usually have diseases and insect pests, but it happens occasionally. So, what are the common diseases and insect pests of African jasmine? What are the prevention and control methods of African jasmine diseases and insect pests?

Control methods of African jasmine diseases and insect pests

I. Control methods of African jasmine diseases

1. Anthracnose: mostly occurs on twigs and leaves, with nearly round to irregularly shaped sunken spots, brown edges, gray-white to grayish brown in the center, and sparse black grains on the upper side, as its conidial disk. Prevention and treatment: at the initial stage of the disease, 50% carbendazim wettable powder 800 times, 25% chlorothalonil wettable powder 800 times, or 25% carbendazim wettable powder 500 times, alternately sprayed every 10 days for 3 to 4 times.

two。 Sunburn: in the heat of summer, when the shade is not in place, the young shoots and young leaves of potted African jasmine are prone to sunburn, which is characterized by gray or light white burn spots on the leaves. Prevention and control methods: use shading net to shade and change position properly; in high temperature and dry season, appropriately increase watering times and amount of water, and if necessary, pour water on the leaf surface; for the burned plants, move them to the shade shed in time, cut off the burnt shoots and young leaves, strengthen water and fertilizer management, and make the plants return to health as soon as possible.

II. Prevention and control of jasmine pests in Africa

African jasmine occasionally occurs leaf-eating pests, such as short-forehead negative locusts, resulting in more holes or defects in the leaves of the plant. 90% trichlorfon crystal 800 times solution should be sprayed in time to kill it.

The above is the article on the prevention and control of jasmine diseases and insect pests in Africa. African jasmine likes warmth and good sunshine, but it needs to avoid the strong direct sunlight in summer, and it likes the environment with high humidity and good ventilation. African jasmine diseases and insect pests are generally easier to control, do not worry too much, as long as according to scientific methods to raise African jasmine, it can grow healthily.