Cuttage technique of potted duck feet in small bow shed in North China

Duck foot wood is a very popular ornamental plant, especially the potted plant series. Many friends like to buy a pot and keep it at home. Today we will talk about the seedling raising technique of potted duck feet wood cuttage in small bow shed in northern China in winter.

1   preparation work

1.1 selection of   Seedling substrate

Cutting substrate plays a very important role in the success or failure of cutting seedlings. The substrate can not only fix and support cuttings, but also provide a suitable root growth environment for cuttings growth. Cuttings generally take a long time to take root when raising seedlings. Once the characteristics of water, fertilizer, air and heat of cutting substrate are maladjusted, it is easy to cause cuttings to wither or rot. This requires that the seedling substrate should have the characteristics of water retention, air permeability, uniform texture, certain nutrient elements and so on.

Vermiculite is a natural and non-toxic mineral, which expands under the action of high temperature. Vermiculite has the characteristics of good air permeability, strong water absorption and small temperature change. at the same time, vermiculite contains K, Mg, Ca, Fe and trace elements such as Mn, Cu, Zn and so on. As beneficial elements for plant growth, these elements are directly involved in plant metabolism and are essential factors affecting plant normal growth and development.

Perlite after high temperature expansion has the characteristics similar to vermiculite, but compared with vermiculite, perlite particles are generally larger and too permeable, which is not conducive to fixed support cuttings.

River sand also has characteristics similar to vermiculite, but the nutrient elements provided by river sand are generally less than perlite and vermiculite; and river sand are generally collected directly and naturally, with different particle sizes, generally contain impurities, and pathogenic microorganisms, especially need disinfection and sterilization; in addition, the specific heat capacity of river sand is less than vermiculite, which is not conducive to heat preservation. Therefore, we choose vermiculite as the substrate for cutting seedlings.

1.2   seedbed laying

First of all, lay the seedbed, here using the foam trough produced by Zhongnong Fortis Co., Ltd. (or using masonry) to build a wide 90cm, high 20cm seedbed. A layer of non-woven cloth is laid at the bottom of the seedbed. 3~5cm thick vermiculite is buried above the non-woven cloth, and a ground hot wire is arranged on the vermiculite, which is then covered with vermiculite about 10cm thickness.

A small bow shed is built above the seedbed, the top of the bow shed is covered with plastic film, and a sunshade net is set outside the bow shed, and the light transmittance of the sunshade net is about 50%.

1.3   ground hotline laying

The ground temperature in the northern region is relatively low in winter, especially in the northeast region, it is generally below 0 ℃, even in the facility, it will be below 10 ℃ at night, in order to solve this problem. Choose to lay a ground hotline to assist in heating.

1.3.1   laying requirements

The distance between the adjacent ground hot lines should be 10~12cm. Because the heat loss rate on both sides of the seedling bed is higher than that in the middle, it is required that the ground hot lines should be laid in the middle and close on both sides, so as to facilitate the uniform distribution of heat. The ground hot line is composed of two parts, one is the heat-producing wire and the other is the ordinary wire. When laying, we should pay attention to embedding the heat-producing wire into the matrix, because the heat-producing wire exposed in the air will accelerate the aging of the ground wire. Reduce the service life of the ground hotline. After the ground hot wire is connected, the temperature controller is connected and the temperature sensor is inserted into the matrix in the middle of the seedbed.

1.3.2   considerations

Before laying, we should make a good plan, determine the row spacing in advance, determine the length and width of the nursery bed, in order to determine the required hot wire length. The ground hotline at the corner is strictly forbidden to contact each other, which can easily lead to short circuit. The temperature controller can not be in direct contact with the ground to prevent electric shock.

1.4   disinfection and sterilization treatment

Cutting seedlings need to maintain a high humidity breeding environment, while the seedling bed requires not only water conservation, but also timely drainage. The suitable environment is conducive to the rooting of cuttings, but also provides favorable conditions for the occurrence of diseases and insect pests. Therefore, the cutting substrate, nursery bed, operating tools and so on should be strictly disinfected and sterilized before cutting. The specific measures are as follows: the ① matrix is laid in the foam tank and isolated from the soil to reduce the occurrence of soil-borne diseases and insect pests. ② matrix was sprayed with 1000-fold broad-spectrum fungicide and immediately covered with film and sealed for 1 week. ③ bow shed, non-woven cloth, sunshade net should also be sprayed with 1000 times liquid fungicide. The site around the cuttage should also be sprayed with 600,800 times potassium permanganate solution by ④, and a thorough disinfection treatment should be carried out.

Selection of 1.5   cuttings

Cuttings length 10~15cm, select young shoots with terminal bud and diameter in 0.5~1cm. Remove the lower leaves and retain the upper 5-10 leaves. The cut at the base of the cuttings is usually taken at the position close to the node under the node, and the shape of the incision is mostly in the shape of a Mallet, or cut directly into a 45 °oblique section.

2 actual operation of  

The main results are as follows: (1) the vermiculite matrix is poured thoroughly, the temperature controller is turned on, the temperature is controlled at 23 ℃, and the soil temperature reaches 23 ℃.

(2) cut the cuttings and quickly put them into the solution of ABTI rooting powder with the concentration of 50mg/kg (the solution can add 1000 times of carbendazim, chlorothalonil and other broad-spectrum fungicides), deep 2~4cm, soak for 30 minutes.

(3) insert the cuttings directly into the holes with wooden sticks, compacting the vermiculite around them, keeping the cuttings upright and keeping the plant row spacing at 10cm.

(4) the leaf sprays water, the cuttage ends, the leaf sprays water immediately, closes the plastic film on the bow shed.

3   post-maintenance

3.1   temperature and humidity control

Proper control of temperature and humidity can significantly promote early rooting of cuttings, and temperature and humidity control is the key to the success of cutting. The soil temperature is controlled at 23 ℃ and the humidity is controlled at about 80%. The substrate should be kept moist, and the leaves should be sprayed twice a day in sunny days and not in rainy days to prevent excessive transpiration from affecting the survival rate. When spraying water, the plastic film is opened in half and ventilated for 30 minutes. Attention should be paid when ventilation, when lifting the plastic film, we should pay attention to the strength, gently open, as far as possible to reduce the condensation on the film surface of water droplets fall on the cuttings.

3.2   pest control

After 3 days of cutting, broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents such as methyl topiramate were sprayed every 7 days to inhibit the reproduction of bacteria in the substrate. Pay attention to observe whether there are insect pests in the substrate, in order to prevent drug damage, try to use fewer pesticides.

3.3   Water and Fertilizer Management

After 10 days of cutting, spraying 0.1% 20:20:20 compound fertilizer (or foliar fertilizer such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate) was beneficial to rooting, and then sprayed every 7 days.

3.4   seedling refinement

Generally, after cutting for about 20 days, the root system began to appear. When the root length reaches about 2cm, the shading net will gradually change from full shading to half shading until the shading net is finally removed; after 3 days, the soil temperature will be reduced to 20 ℃, from half an hour of each ventilation to full day ventilation; and the plastic film will be removed after 5 days. Reduce the number of watering, see dry and wet.

3.5   transplanting to change pots

When the root length reaches about 5cm, transplant and change the pot. The transplanting substrate was the seedling substrate in which the volume ratio of peat: vermiculite: perlite was 2:1:1. After transplanting, it was watered once and placed in a semi-shaded environment. The temperature was maintained at 20-25 ℃. Keep the seedling substrate moist and shade properly.

The above are the key points of cuttage seedling raising techniques of duck foot wood potted plants. farmers who are in need are welcome to refer to them.

Cotinus coggygria Scop., alias "red leaf", "red leaf", "Huangdao", "Huangliaozi", "Huangtou", "Huangxian wood", "Huangxingchai", "Huangzhuhui" and so on, is an important ornamental red leaf tree species in China. The leaves turn red and bright in autumn, and the famous Xiangshan red leaf in Beijing is this tree species. It is suitable to be planted in lawns, mounds or hillsides in gardens, and can also be mixed in other tree groups, especially evergreen trees. The pedicels of sterile flowers that do not fall long after flowering are pink feathered to form a cloudy and foggy landscape on the branches; yellow pedicel is also a good tree species for afforestation.

Codonopsis lanceolata is a deciduous shrub or small tree with bright red leaves in autumn. after Frosts Descent, the leaves are more colorful, so it is an excellent tree species for greening and ornamental in mountainous areas. The technology of seed breeding is introduced in this paper. The main results are as follows: 1. Seed collection selects mature red leaf yellow peel to collect seeds. The seeds were harvested when the seeds were ripe in the first and middle of June. After removing, selecting and drying, it is stored in a dry and cool place to prevent rodent and insect pests. 2. Seed treatment the seeds of Euphorbia angustifolia should be treated by stratification before sowing. Before and after New Year's Day, rinse the seeds with clean water and mix them with three times clean wet sand. Dig a pit of 20~40cm in the shade, the length and width of which is no more than 60cm × 80cm, put the seeds in the sand around 10cm, and bury the grass handle in the middle as a vent. Check and turn once every semimonthly and once a week after February of the following year to prevent seed rot and observe germination. At the same time, pay attention to prevent stagnant water at the bottom of the pit or the seeds are too dry. In the middle and last ten days of March, the seeds can be sown with about 1 stroke and 3 whitening. 3. The soil preparation and sowing nursery should choose the land with sandy loam, irrigated conditions, smooth drainage and fertile soil layer, apply more than 2000 kg of organic fertilizer per 667m2, deeply plough fine rake, plow according to wide 120~150cm, and disinfect the soil. It can be ditched for direct seeding or transplanting after sowing mother bed. The sowing amount per 667m2 is 2~3kg, and the seeds are covered with 1~2cm after sowing. In order to preserve moisture and prevent frost damage, plastic film or small bow shed can be covered. When the seedlings grow to 3-5 leaves, the transplanting can be carried out, the row spacing is 20~30cm, and the plant spacing is 10~15cm. 4. seedling management one is watering, watering in the early stage and proper water control in the later stage to facilitate squatting seedlings and loosening the soil and weeding in time after watering. The second is topdressing, generally topdressing 2-3 times, mainly nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, applying 10-15 kg per 667m2 to promote seedling growth. The third is to control diseases and insect pests, especially blight and powdery mildew, spray 25% carbendazim 0.2% solution or irrigate 3 times 4 times 0.5% ferrous sulfate solution, control powdery mildew can spray 15% strychnine 0.1% solution, control leafhoppers and aphids can spray 25% aldicarb 0.1% solution To control underground pests, 50% phoxim EC 0.1% solution can be irrigated around the seedling roots. Cutting technique of Autumn Rose

Rose can be cut all the year round, but the method of autumn cutting is simple and easy to manage after winter. it can blossom in the same year after it is planted in the pot the next year. From September to October and the temperature from 20 ℃ to 25 ℃ is the best time to cut rose, and its survival rate is more than 95%.

Seedbed preparation

The neutral sandy loam with better conditions of water and fertilizer should be selected for cutting seedlings. If the soil is clayey and heavy, it can be mixed with an appropriate amount of fine sand during soil preparation. If the soil has high sand content and low fertility, an appropriate amount of organic fertilizer can be applied during soil preparation, combined with 0.5 kg of methyl isophosphates per mu to prevent underground pests from harming seedlings. When raising seedlings at home, shallow mud pots or shallow wooden boxes can be used to select soils with loose soil, good drainage and ventilation, and no nodule bacteria, such as 7 portions of loose vegetable garden soil plus 3 portions of bran ash or perlite. Before use, it is best to spread the above matrix on the cement ground for sun or liquid disinfection to kill germs in the soil, and then fill it into a basin or box for cutting.

Selection and pruning of cuttings

The plants with strong growth, no diseases and insect pests and good quality were selected as the mother plant in the ear harvest nursery, and the branches with sturdy branches, short internodes, good Lignification and well-developed leaves were selected as cuttings on the mother plant. The cuttings have 4 internodes, the ear strips are about 10 cm, the top leaf is 1 cm away from the upper incision, the upper incision is cut into a plane, the lower end is cut off from the lower part of the third compound leaf, and the lower part of the compound leaf is cut into a horse ear shape. The first and second compound leaves must be robust and complete, with 2 leaflets in each compound leaf and the rest cut off together with the petiole. The cut under the cuttings should be cut into a horseear shape at the base of the stem behind the bud eye of the third compound leaf, in order to make full use of the favorable factors of rich nutrient storage at the internodes, and the cuttings are easy to heal and take root.

Rooting treatment before insertion

Soak the cuttings with No. 2 ABT rooting powder 30ppm to 50ppm solution, tie the cuttings with 50 to 100 cuttings into a bundle, soak the lower end of the cuttings in the solution for 2 hours to 4 hours, remove and insert into the seedbed, 3 cm to 5 cm deep.

In the fast dipping method, the 500ppm solution was prepared with 50% alcohol and naphthylacetic acid or indole butyric acid. 2 cm at the lower end of the cuttings was immersed in the solution for 2 to 5 seconds. After the solution was slightly dry, it was immediately cut into the seedbed. In order to prevent cuttings from rotting due to bacterial invasion during rooting, 2.5% ketoconazole can be added at the same time when preparing rooting agents.

Cutting method

Rose cuttings are often cut directly. The cuttage depth is from 1 to 2 of the length of cuttings, which is generally as deep as the second bud hole. When cutting, first pierce the hole with a bamboo stick equal to the thickness of the cuttings, and then insert the rose cuttings into compaction. The suitable cutting density is that the leaves do not touch each other. When cutting, long cuttings and short cuttings should be cut separately to prevent uneven length and uneven, mutual influence on light and growth. At the same time, the varieties should not be mixed, and the cuttings should be cut in sections according to the varieties, which are arranged neatly and orderly and are easy to manage. Spray water with a thin-eye spray can immediately after insertion, do not spray too quickly, so as not to pollute the cuttings leaves and rush out of the cuttings. Cover with plastic film to maintain the temperature and humidity in the bed.

Plug-in management

Fully water the cuttings, then use a small bow shed with plastic film to shade and moisturize. Spray water frequently in the first 10 days, keep a wet environment; after 10 days, control water spraying, spray again when dry, and keep it dry. In the environment of 20 ℃ to 25 ℃, cuttings can take root in 20 to 35 days, and the rooting rate is 95%. After the formation of new roots, timely watering and topdressing should be applied to promote the balanced growth of the aboveground and underground parts of the seedlings. Management is divided into three stages, each from 7 days to 10 days. The first stage is the wet stage, at this time to avoid direct sunlight, sunny days to cover the curtain, when the leaves are dry, use a small sprayer for foliar spray to prevent the leaves from withering and falling off. The second stage is the healing stage. At this time, the wound begins to heal, to prevent too much water, otherwise it will cause the wound tissue mildew, to gradually make the basin soil dry up, sooner or later can increase the weak sunlight exposure time, promote photosynthesis. The third stage is the rooting stage, which can gradually increase the sunlight exposure time, and the basin soil can be watered appropriately when it is dry. If the old leaves do not fall off, the new buds have grown, indicating that the roots have been sent and the cuttings have survived.

Responsible Editor: hjj