Efficient cultivation techniques of Magnolia and control of main diseases and insect pests

How to raise magnolia? Magnolia is a very beautiful flower, and many people want to raise it. The following article will explain the breeding methods, cultivation management and pest control of Magnolia.

1 methods of reproduction

1.1 sowing

In late September, when the fruit turns red and blossoms, it is picked immediately. Early harvest does not sprout, and late harvest is easy to fall off. After harvest, the full seeds from the strong pest-free trees were spread out in a ventilated place, the fruits cracked gradually, the seeds were soaked in water, the red fleshy film attached to the seed coat was rubbed, and the oil on the seed coat was scrubbed with soda water. then rinse it with clean water, dry the sand in the ventilated place and store it in a wooden box, and sow it in the open field in the middle and late February of the following year. The nursery bed should choose new land free of diseases and insect pests, and it is appropriate to use yellow wood or sandy loam soil with deep soil layer, set up a high bed and sow it with strips, and the base fertilizer can be turned into the soil in front of the whole bed with fully mature human feces and urine and dry cake. Must not use garbage as base fertilizer, so as not to carry disease and bacteria. Row spacing 30cm, covered with fire-soil fertilizer or loess mixed with rice bran ash, the thickness is 3 times of the seed diameter, and the top is covered with rice straw to keep warm and moist. When the seedlings were unearthed in late April, the young grass mixed with crystal trichlorfon and poisoned the ground silkworm should be sprinkled continuously for 4 ~ 5 times, each time every 2 ~ 3 days. A shade canopy can be set up in the first ten days of May, and the transmittance is 40%. Dismantled in the middle and last ten days of September, the shade can be covered with fir, bamboo curtain, etc., and the bamboo curtain can be uncovered at any time as the most ideal. It is necessary to select suitable land and good drainage, and there are generally no serious diseases and insect pests in seedlings. Available nitrogen fertilizer is applied 3 ~ 4 times at seedling stage, and the height of one-year-old seedlings is 30 ~ 40cm. It can be transplanted in October of that year. If the big seedlings are cultivated and transplanted in the following spring, the main roots are cut properly and the density is controlled, the qualified seedlings with 3m height, 6cm diameter, complete crown and sparse buds can be cultivated in 3-5 years.

1.2 grafting

Usually, the rootstocks are made of Magnolia, wild Magnolia seedlings, Huangshan Magnolia and other magnolia plants. The scion is cut and grafted before germination in early spring, and the scion is 4 ~ 5cm long with no leaves. The key to survival is to cover the scion with bud holes. In daily management, you should pay attention to erasing the anvil buds at any time, and do not rush to remove the wound film after survival. Budding is used. Cutting grafting, abdominal grafting, split grafting and other methods can be used, the survival rate of split grafting is high, the growth is fast, and the survival rate of grafting in late autumn is high.

1.3 crimping

In the case of lack of provenances and rootstocks, striping is an important means of propagation, which can make full use of the mother plant, although the process is troublesome, but it can solve some problems. For the mother tree, the large seedling of the young tree or nursery is the best, because the lateral branches have strong growth, strong vitality and easy to root, under the principle of not affecting the tree shape, select the 2-to 3-year-old side branches that are sturdy and develop upward. From the middle of April to the middle of May, ring peeling is carried out at 10 ~ 15cm above the base, and the wound grows 3cm. After peeling, the cambium on the xylem is peeled with rough materials such as small brown rope. Then use plastic film to cultivate the soil bag to wrap the wound. The cultivated soil is usually selected with strong water holding capacity, loose texture and no diseases and insects. Generally take 60% of yellow mud mixed with rice bran ash 40% or with vermiculite, expanded perlite, or fully mature cottonseed shavings, textile shavings, mushroom bed soil, etc., water content should be suitable, extruded with water during hand grip. In order to make the wound heal quickly and root early, the top of the wound can be coated with 5/10000 naphthalene acetic acid solution, dry slightly and then wrapped in culture soil. The strips are pressed in April and begin to take root in June. It is generally necessary to go down the tree in late September. It should be checked from July to August. If the culture soil is dry, it can be replenished with syringe. The longer the connection time with the mother plant, the more developed the root system and the higher the survival rate. It can blossom after planting for 2 ~ 3 years.

1.4 Cuttage

Cuttage propagation should be carried out in the north from June to July, and the survival rate of cuttings of young trees in the same year is the highest. Cuttings generally use sand beds, shade above, spray water to moisturize every day, and generally take root in 15-25 days. Soaking the base with 500mg/L naphthylacetic acid for 6 hours could increase the rooting rate.

2 cultivation and management

2.1 Water management

Magnolia is neither resistant to waterlogging nor drought, so it should strictly follow the principle that it likes wet and afraid of waterlogging in cultivation and maintenance. In the management of moisture, the soil should not be too dry or too wet. After years of cultivation practice, the author thinks that in the process of cultivation, the soil should be kept moist without stagnant water. In the process of conservation, the newly planted magnolia should keep the soil moist, which is also an important measure to ensure its survival rate. To water Magnolia into normal management, green water in early spring and anti-freezing water in early winter are indispensable, and they should be thoroughly watered. The growing season can be watered once a month, and watering should be stopped in the rainy season. Drainage should be done in time after the rain to prevent rotting roots caused by stagnant water. In addition, the soil should be loosened in time to preserve soil moisture. Irrigation should also be carried out in time during the dry period of the rainy season. Lack of water not only affects the vegetative growth of plants, but also causes buds to fall off or shrink, affecting flowering in the following year.

2.2 pruning

In order to keep the crown of Magnolia magnolia beautiful, ventilated and transparent, promote the differentiation of flower buds, and ensure that the flowers are large next year, attention should be paid to pruning. Magnolia magnolia branches are generally not pruned if they are not necessary. If the tree shape is not beautiful or chaotic, disease and insect branches, dry and withered branches, drooping branches and overly dense branches and useless branches should be removed to facilitate plant ventilation and light transmission and beautiful tree shape. Pruning is carried out before the leaves are unfolded in early spring. Magnolia generally does not cut short to avoid cutting off flower buds. If pruning is needed, Bordeaux solution should be applied to larger wounds to prevent bacterial infection.

(3) Disease and pest control

3.1 Diseases

Magnolia is a tree species with strong disease resistance. the common diseases are anthracnose, chlorosis, leaf burn and so on.

Anthracnose mainly harms leaves, and the peak of anthracnose is in the period of high temperature and humidity in summer. Plant water and fertilizer management is not in place, not ventilated, when the growth decline is very easy to occur this disease. Prevention and control methods: strengthen the management of water and fertilizer, enhance the tree potential and improve the ability of disease resistance. Remove the diseased leaves in time, remove the fallen leaves and burn them at the end of autumn. If there is a disease, use 75% chlorothalonil wettable granule 800 times liquid or 70% anthrax Fumei 500 times liquid for spray, once every 10 days, continuous spray 3-4 times can effectively control the disease.

Chlorosis is characterized by chlorosis of leaflets, gradual decrease of chlorophyll, yellow or light yellow leaves, green veins, yellow leaves after the expansion of the disease, and then gradually whitening, plant growth decline gradually, and finally die. Prevention and treatment: chlorosis is a physiological disease, which is mainly caused by excessive stickiness of soil, excessive pH value and insufficient supply of iron. 0.2% ferrous sulfate solution can be used to irrigate roots, or 0.1% ferrous sulfate solution can be used for leaf spraying, and more farm manure should be applied.     

At the initial stage of the disease, the scorched edge of the leaf was shown as the scorched edge of the leaf, and then the leaf gradually shrunk and withered. When the disease was serious, the new leaf could not expand, and a large number of leaves dried up and fell off. The condition on the site is poor. This disease often occurs under the conditions of high temperature, drought, strong light, alkaline soil or excessive flowers for a long time. Control methods: increase watering times to keep the soil moist; apply more organic fertilizer to enhance the tree potential and improve the resistance of the plant; whitening or entangling the tree.

3.2 insect pests

The main pests are large coir moth, frost moth, red spider, longicorn beetle, and occasionally underground pests such as grubs.

If there is an insect pest, you can use 80% dichlorvos EC 800x or 50% fenitrothion EC 800x solution to kill Spodoptera litura; use Bt EC 800x solution or 50% fenitrothion EC 800x solution to kill frost moth; use 40% triclofenac 800x solution or 5% nisorone 2000 times solution to kill red spiders; use green Vellex 500x solution to kill longicorn beetles; use 50% zinc parathion emulsion 1000 times solution to kill grubs.

Farmers who want to plant Magnolia hurriedly come to Huinong Network to learn the key points of planting techniques, and more flower and plant seedlings are planted in this site!

Cultivation and pest control of Magnolia mandshurica

Purple magnolia, also known as Xinyi, originated in central China. Like warm, humid and sunny environment, more cold-resistant, but not resistant to drought and salinity, afraid of flooding, requires fertile, well-drained sandy loam.

Reproduction: commonly used ramets, striping and sowing reproduction. Ramet can be carried out in spring and autumn, the mother plant with dense branches can be dug out and planted separately, and the root system and short branches can be trimmed. Striping, selected from 2012 branches, can be propagated by piling soil or burying strips in early spring. Sowing, seed collection in September, sand storage in winter, spring sowing the following year, and germination 20-30 days after sowing.

Cultivation: transplanting can be carried out before flowering in autumn or early spring, the seedlings are stained with mud, and the big seedlings must carry soil balls. Fertilization was applied once before and after flowering, mainly phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Maintain soil moisture in high temperature in summer and dry in autumn. After flowering and before sprouting new branches, dry branches, dense branches and short long branches should be cut off.

Application: purple magnolia is a famous ornamental flower in early spring. When it blossoms in early spring, it is full of purplish red flowers with elegant posture and unique amorous feelings. It is suitable for planting in front and back of the hall in classical gardens, and can also be planted alone or scattered in small courtyards.

Growth habits and pest control of Magnolia mandshurica

Since last winter and this spring, some seedling producers in Shucheng County have reported that Magnolia magnolia cultivated in the nursery has successively died of unexplained fallen leaves. The technical staff of the county forest inspection bureau confirmed the occurrence of anthrax, dry rot and other diseases after careful investigation on the spot.

In order to make the majority of forest farmers and seedling producers master and apply Magnolia magnolia pest control techniques, the growth habits and pest control techniques of Magnolia magnolia are briefly introduced as follows. Magnolia belongs to Magnolia of Magnoliaceae, also known as Magnolia Magnolia, Magnolia magnolia. Evergreen trees with leathery leaves, rusty tomentose on the back, glossy surface, margin slightly revolute.

The flowers are white and fragrant. It can grow to 30 meters. The crown is oval and conical, and the tree is graceful. It is an important ornamental tree species for urban greening, which is suitable for factory and mine greening.

Magnolia mandshurica is light-loving in growth and slightly shady when it is young.

Like warm and humid climate, have a certain ability to resist cold. Suitable for dry, fertile, moist and good drainage slightly acidic or neutral soil, planting in alkaline soil is easy to yellowing, avoid stagnant water, poor drainage. It has strong resistance to smoke and sulfur dioxide gas, and has less diseases and insect pests. The root system is deep and broad, and the wind resistance is strong. In particular, the trunk of sowing seedlings is tall and straight, the tree is majestic, and the adaptability is strong.

The common diseases and insect pests of Magnolia are anthrax, white algae, dry rot and shell insects.

1. Anthrax. Most of the disease occurs from the leaf tip or leaf edge, the initial stage is water-immersed irregular disease spot, light brown, upper black small grain spot. In the later stage, the disease spot gradually spread, and the large one was about 1 / 4 of the leaf area. It mainly harms adult leaves or old leaves, and diseased leaves are easy to fall off.

Control method: 50% carbendazim wettable powder can be sprayed with 500 times liquid.

two。 White algae disease. At the beginning of the disease, there were small gray-white to yellow-brown round spots on the leaf surface, and then gradually expanded into a radial or fibrous texture, the surface was brown velvet-like and slightly raised, and later became gray-white smooth disease spots.

Prevention and control methods: pay attention to ventilation and light transmission, timely drainage after rain; after infection, you can spray 50% topiramate 500 times solution for prevention and treatment.

3. Dry rot. The disease often occurs on 1-or 2-year-old branches. In the early stage of the disease, the cortical hair is soft and easy to fall off, and the subcutaneous tissue is reddish brown and prone to cracking. With the development of the course of the disease, the epidermis gradually dried up and became gray, the subcutaneous tissue became dark brown, and black dots grew.

Prevention and treatment methods: attention should be paid to the wound protection of pruning branches and timely application of protective agent; 70% topiramate 800 times solution can be applied to prevent and cure the disease.

4. Shell worms. Magnolia mandshurica is easy to be harmed by shell insects, among which the harm is more serious, and sometimes a dense layer is formed above the branches. In addition to absorbing tree sap, shell insects can also cause coal fouling disease and make trees grow poorly.

Prevention method: during the incubation period of scale insects, when the nymphs have not yet secreted wax, acetamiprid and chlorpyrifos can be combined to control, or pyrethroid insecticides can be added to kill.