Planting techniques and pest control measures of Forsythia suspensa

The flowering period of Forsythia suspensa is in early spring, when it is full of golden branches, the fragrance of the flowers is light, gorgeous and lovely. Forsythia suspensa extract can be used as a natural preservative for food preservation, especially for fresh fish products with more water. Forsythia has antibacterial effect in medicine, which can inhibit typhoid bacilli, paratyphoid bacilli, Escherichia coli, dysentery bacilli, diphtheria bacilli, Vibrio cholerae, staphylococci, streptococci and so on. Let's take a look at how forsythia is planted.

1. Temperature condition: forsythia often grows in the sparse shrubs on the semi-shady slope or sunny slope at an altitude of 2000m and 2000m. Like the warm, humid, sunny ecological climate environment, with cold tolerance, drought tolerance, waterlogging tolerance, barren tolerance, strong germination ability of branches and so on. The annual average temperature was 8: 12 ℃, and the optimum growth temperature was 18-20 ℃. The growth was inhibited when the maximum temperature was higher than 35 ℃ or the minimum temperature was lower than-15 ℃. The suitable temperature of sowing time is 10: 15 ℃, the optimum temperature of flowering stage is 18: 20 ℃, and the annual frost-free period is more than 170 days during the growing period.

2. Precipitation conditions: Forsythia suspensa can grow in fertile and barren land, cliffs and stone crevices, which is suitable for subtropical and warm temperate climate. In the natural distribution area, it is appropriate to require annual precipitation 800~1000mm and relative humidity of 60% to 75%. Excessive precipitation and excessive humidity are prone to lodging and pod mildew.

3. Light conditions: Forsythia suspensa requires an ecological environment with sufficient sunshine, annual sunshine hours more than 1500 hours, ≥ 0 ℃ annual accumulated temperature 4000 ~ 6000 ℃, the hottest monthly average temperature above 25 ℃, and the coldest monthly average temperature-5: 5 ℃. The soil requirements are not very strict. Neutral, slightly acidic or slightly alkaline soil can grow normally, but it grows better in sandy loam with good drainage and rich in humus, which is beneficial to the formation of quality and yield.

4. Propagation and cultivation: it can be cut, sowed and propagated separately. The cuttings were carried out from February to March. After the seed was collected in October in autumn, the right seed was sown from February to March of the following year through wet sand stratification. Seedlings are planted in sunny and well-drained fertile soil during defoliation; after flowering, withered branches, weak branches and leaves, and over-dense and over-old branches are cut off every year, and attention should be paid to rhizosphere fertilization. The problem of no fertilization is not too big, many flowers only grow leaves, not flowers, and the vitality of this plant is so tenacious that it can grow in almost any quality of soil.

5. Field management: in the seedling stage of seed propagation, weeding, loosening the soil and seedlings are removed when the seedlings are 20 cm high. Leave 2 seedlings in each hole and water them at the right time. When the seedling is 30-40 cm high, dilute feces and urine can be applied once to promote its growth. When the trunk is 70-80 cm high, the top tip is cut off and multiple lateral branches are cultivated into main branches. After that, 3-4 strong branches were selected on the main branch to cultivate the auxiliary main branch, and the side branches were released, and through shaping and pruning, they formed a natural happy branch type, which was lower than that of short crown, inner hollow and outer circle, ventilation and light, sparse branchlets and early fruiting. Cut off thin and weak branches, overgrown branches and disease and insect branches at any time. In the fruiting period, farm manure, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can be applied to promote fruit setting and early ripening.

6. Pest control

Prevention and control of heart-drilling insects

Symptoms: the larvae drilled into the xylem pith of the stem, and in serious cases, the injured branches could not blossom and bear fruit, or even died.

Control method: block the wormhole with 80% dichlorvos solution cotton, and the injured branch can also be cut off.

Prevention and control of snails

Symptoms: mainly harmful to flowers and young fruits. It was transferred to the medicinal field from late April to mid-May, harming young buds, leaves and tender stems, and the leaves were eaten into gaps or holes until July. If it is wet and rainy after September, it can still do harm to a large number of activities and turn to the overwintering state in October. Last year, with a large population, rainy seedlings and moist soil, snails may occur greatly.

Prevention and control method: can be sprinkled with lime powder in the early morning, or killed manually. Manual hunting should be carried out in the early morning, cloudy days or after rain, or in the gutter stacked with grass traps. When the density reaches 5 ears per square meter, spray with 90% trichlorfon crystal 800ml 1000 times.

Prevention and treatment of mole cricket

Symptoms: the main pests of sowing seedlings, whether in the emergence stage or seedling stage, if not thoroughly controlled, the survival rate of seedlings will be reduced. The adults and larvae bite the newly sown or budding seeds or tender stems and rhizomes, and bite the rhizomes in the shape of hemp filaments, resulting in stunted growth or withering and death of the injured plants. Sometimes tunnels are drilled on the soil surface, resulting in the hanging of seedlings, and serious lack of seedlings and broken ridges.

Prevention and control methods: conventional poison valley or poison bait method can be used. In addition, 40% isosalidophos EC 50 ml or 50% phoxim EC 100 ml, 2murl 3kg of water, 50kg of mixed wheat seeds can be used for trapping and killing for 3 hours after mixing.

Propagation and cultivation techniques and pest control measures of Forsythia suspensa

Forsythia suspensa is an economical shrub planting variety. It has strong cold resistance, likes light, can grow in barren and fertile land, and has strong adaptability. it can not only be used as an ornamental plant, but also a kind of traditional Chinese medicine, which can be used for anti-inflammation, detoxification and so on. Let's take a look at the seedling and cultivation techniques of Forsythia suspensa.

1. Raising seedlings

Forsythia suspensa has strong sprouting power and is not strict to the soil. Because of light, wild forsythia often grows on sunny or semi-shady and semi-sunny slopes. There are several ways to raise seedlings of Forsythia suspensa, including sowing, plant division, cutting, striping and so on.

1.1 Parcel selection

Although Forsythia suspensa is not strict with the growing soil, it is necessary to choose flat and fertile soil when raising seedlings, and the soil should be drained and irrigated, because too much sandy soil will cause poor seedling growth. Land preparation should be carried out after plot selection, and soil preparation should be carried out in autumn, and organic fertilizer should be applied in cooperation with soil preparation, and then deep turning should be carried out to remove weeds and debris.

1.2 seed collection

After the fruit of Forsythia suspensa was ripe in autumn, it was picked before Frosts Descent in autumn, and the cracked fruit was mainly picked, and the fruit was beaten to obtain seeds, and then the full, robust and pest-free seeds were selected as the mother tree. the seeds were selected and stored in a cool place for seedling raising.

1.3 seed treatment

Forsythia seeds are dormant, so seed treatment should be carried out in spring. The seeds are generally soaked in a contrast solution of gibberellin and alcohol before germination in order to wake up the dormant seeds. Accelerate the germination of the seeds in March, soak the selected seeds in warm water for about 3 hours, then remove and drain the water, put it in the sand and put it in the

The north wind is facing the sun, pay attention to turning every day, and you can sow seeds when there are about 1/3 cracks in the seeds.

1.4 sowing

After the seeds of Forsythia suspensa germinated, the seeds should be trenched before sowing, then the fine sand should be scattered into the ditch together with the seeds, the soil should be covered and compacted, and the grass curtain should be covered to prevent drying. After covering the soil, you should spray herbicide to kill the young grass, but do not water the seeds within 10 hours of planting. It is best to select large seedlings and strong seedlings, combined with weeding and watering, and to keep the distance between seedlings at about 5cm when the seedlings grow about 5cm. After planting for one month, fertilizing and weeding should be carried out at the same time of watering. When the seedlings reach 15cm, it is necessary to carry out inter-seedling, and strengthen field management and weeding management.

1.5 transplanting

Forsythia suspensa seedlings are generally transplanted in the spring of the following year. If Forsythia suspensa is planted in pieces, it will fall to the ground naturally when the seeds are mature in autumn, and many seedlings will grow. When the number of seedlings is small, this natural seedling raising method can be used to raise seedlings. When transplanting, we need to dig out the soil of the seedlings and roots together, dig the planting hole before planting, the diameter of the planting hole is about 30cm, the distance between the planting holes is about 150cm, put compound fertilizer 5kg in the planting hole, and transplant Forsythia suspensa seedlings into the hole. Then fill the soil, and when halfway through the filling, lift the seedlings up to promote the root system of the seedlings to stretch and fill the soil and step on it. If the soil after transplanting is relatively dry, it needs to be watered in time.

1.6 Cuttage seedling

Forsythia cutting seedlings are generally selected in summer, and it is the best in overcast and rainy days. When cutting, the Lignified branches which are about 3 years old and free from diseases and insect pests are selected and cut into cuttings with about 20cm. About 3 buds and 2 leaves are retained on the cuttings to help the cuttings for water absorption and photosynthesis. After the cuttings are finished, they should be cut into a slope to help them take root. 50 cuttings are tied into a bundle, soaked in the solution of rooting powder, taken out to cool, cut and compacted after covering the soil. The suitable temperature should be paid attention to. The most suitable temperature is about 13 ℃, but it can not be higher than 27 ℃. Although Forsythia suspensa has strong growth power, mixed tree species will be produced when the cuttings or adventitious buds take root. If the light is not illuminated in time, it will affect the root growth cycle of Forsythia suspensa and reduce its rooting rate. Therefore, after cutting seedlings, we must control the temperature and light. If the sun is relatively strong, shading can be carried out after Forsythia suspensa cutting, but the transmittance of the shading net should be about 60. When the cutting forsythia root grows out, the shading net can be removed, generally from 10:00 to 4 pm every day. Forsythia cutting is generally carried out in an environment with high temperature and humidity, and it is easy to cause infection and decay after cutting, so it is necessary to disinfect it with carbendazim to prevent the forsythia wound from producing mold before healing. The cutting wound of Forsythia suspensa needs to be treated with foliar urea fertilizer about 7 days after it is healed. After rooting, it needs to be sprayed with the mixture of urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate to promote the healthy growth of roots and improve the Lignification degree of seedlings.

1.7 raising seedlings by pressing

Forsythia suspensa seedlings can generally be raised in spring and autumn, the longer forsythia branches need to be selected in spring, and then directly buried in the soil after bending, and then watered to keep the soil moist. Generally, the branches can take root 60 days after striping. The front end of the branch needs to be cut off in autumn and pressed and planted in the spring of the following year after pseudo-planting.

1.8 branching seedling

Forsythia branch seedling cultivation is generally carried out before the leaves lag behind in autumn to the leaf development in spring. During branch breeding, the forsythia plant can be dug up a branch above ground, with roots underground. After planting, the new plants sprouting around the mother plant for more than 4 years need to be dug out for colonization.

1.9 Field management

When Forsythia suspensa seedlings reach 20cm, weeding, soil loosening and fertilization can be carried out. 2 plants should be left in each hole and watered at the right time. When the seedlings grow to about 30cm, farm manure is needed to promote the growth of the seedlings. When the seedlings reach 70cm, the top shoots need to be cut off to promote the development of lateral branches, and the lateral branches will be cultivated into main branches. After growing up, forsythia should be pruned to promote ventilation, daylighting, early fruiting and early fruit ripening.

2. Cultivation techniques.

2.1 Parcel selection

The cultivation of Forsythia suspensa should be arranged in advance, generally choose the hilly land with gentle slope, and use the 70cm with a distance of 3m between slopes to prepare the land. After transplanting, raw soil or stone slices should be used as backfilling ridges, and ripe soil should be used for backfilling so that the ridges are 25cm high, 30cm wide and 30cm thick.

2.2 transplanting

Forsythia suspensa transplantation is generally selected between autumn and spring, after defoliation. In order to improve the survival rate of transplanting, forsythia can be cut off first, and then the root of forsythia should be dipped in rooting powder or mixed with mud before transplanting. After transplanting, the soil layer should be compacted and compacted layer by layer, so as to make the seedling root system more normal and easy to grow and stretch.

2.3 upbringing and management

2.3.1 after transplanting Forsythia suspensa should be treated with loosening soil and weeding once every winter, combined with fertilization, mainly cake fertilizer and soil miscellaneous fertilizer. Forsythia suspensa seedlings can be treated with intercropping and dwarf stem in the early growing period, combined with watering and fertilization.

2.3.2 rational fertilization should be carried out 3 years after planting of Forsythia suspensa. Urea is the main fertilizer, and the amount is controlled at 225kg per mu. Fertilization should also be carried out after 5 years of planting. The fertilization is mainly based on the mixture of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, and the amount is controlled at 600kg per mu.

2.3.3 after transplanting Forsythia suspensa under irrigation and drainage, watering should be carried out during the drought period. If the irrigation condition of the land is not good, the work of preserving soil moisture should be carried out. After forsythia is transplanted, if it is necessary to carry out drainage treatment in the rainy season, dig drainage ditches to eliminate stagnant water.

2.3.4 in the first winter after transplanting Forsythia suspensa, when the leaves are finished, pruning treatment should be carried out at the place where the main branch is about 70cm from the ground, and coring treatment should be carried out the following summer to promote the development of forsythia lateral branches. After pruning, about 4 strong branches should be left on the main branch in order to cultivate the secondary main branch. After several years of growth of Forsythia suspensa, the shape of outer circle and inner cavity and good light transmittance can be formed by pruning and repair. this tree shape is suitable for forsythia forsythia photosynthesis and is beneficial to nutrient absorption. After that, the withered branches should be pruned every winter, at the same time, the cross branches and diseased branches should be pruned, and the aging, perennial and fruiting branches should be clipped to promote the growth of new strong branches in the trunk and restore the growth of Forsythia suspensa. And improve the fruit rate.

2.4 Disease and pest control

The main diseases and insect pests in the growth process of Forsythia suspensa are leaf spot disease, which is caused by fungal infection. When the disease is serious, the whole leaf will die. High temperature and closed environment are the main causes of leaf spot disease. Leaf spot disease generally occurs in late May, and about July is the high incidence period. the main control is to prune the diseased branches in time, to trim the overdense branches, to make Forsythia suspensa have good light transmittance, and to strengthen the management of fertilizer and water. Pay attention to the application of nitrogen fertilizer to make the nutrition balance in the growth process of Forsythia suspensa. Trunk whitening treatment can be carried out in the prone period of leaf spot disease after May to prevent it in advance. The insect pest in the growth process of Forsythia suspensa is mainly mole cricket. Mole cricket should be controlled in both seedling stage and emergence stage of Forsythia suspensa, and the control will affect the survival rate of seedlings. Mole cricket mainly nibbles on the tender stem and rhizome of Forsythia suspensa when it occurs, and when it is serious, it will cause seedling death and break ridges. Another kind of pest is the drillworm, which mainly drills into the woody part of the trunk of Forsythia suspensa, invading the pith of Forsythia suspensa, and in serious cases can cause Forsythia suspensa not to blossom and bear fruit.

2.5 harvesting

Forsythia is divided into Qingqiao and Huangqiao. The green fruits picked in September are generally Qingqiao, while the yellow fruits picked after October are generally Huangqiao. Attention should be paid to the prevention of rain in the processing process of Forsythia suspensa after picking, so as to avoid the decline of quality.

3. Conclusion

Forsythia suspensa needs scientific and reasonable design, ventilation and light, and reasonable fertilization and irrigation in order to ensure the high survival rate of Forsythia suspensa in seedling stage, good growth situation after transplanting and free from diseases and insect pests.

How to cultivate Forsythia suspensa? Cultivation techniques of Forsythia suspensa

Forsythia is a kind of green flowers, flowering flowers gorgeous, ornamental value is very high, its fruit also has good medicinal value, it can be said to gather ornamental and medicinal value in one, the following editor will introduce the planting and cultivation techniques of Forsythia suspensa in detail.

1 growth habits of Forsythia suspensa

1.1 morphological characteristics

Forsythia suspensa belongs to deciduous shrub plant, which has the characteristics of clumping branches. The plant height of Forsythia suspensa is about 3m, the branchlets are mainly yellowish brown, the branches are drooping and arched, and the culm tip is quadrupled and hollow in the middle. The leaves of Forsythia suspensa are opposite, mainly single or compound leaves, and the leaves are mainly oval or oval. The Corolla of Forsythia suspensa is golden, the flower opens before the leaf, the flowering time is about 4 months, the fruit is oval, the surface is yellowish brown, the fruit is woody, the pericarp surface is longitudinally wrinkled, most fruits have small spots, and there is a longitudinal groove on each side, the top is more sharp. The pedicel is about 1.6m long and blossoms in the early spring with strong aroma and bright color. In recent years, Qinghai has become an important producing area of Forsythia suspensa, which has a good promotion effect. Qinghai Forsythia suspensa is mainly planted in forests, valleys, valleys and areas with relatively high altitude.

1.2 growth habits

Forsythia suspensa is a kind of light-loving plant, which has good shade tolerance, warm climate and cold tolerance, so it is suitable to be popularized in Qinghai and other places. Forsythia suspensa has strong adaptability to soil and can grow well in neutral or weakly acidic and alkaline soil. Forsythia suspensa root system is more developed, although the main root is less developed, but the lateral root is longer, and there are more roots. Forsythia suspensa shows strong cold resistance, strong germination ability, fast entry speed, likes to survive in the soil with good drainage and rich humus, and can fully grow on the slope.

2 planting and cultivation methods of Forsythia suspensa

2.1 seed treatment technology

Forsythia seeds should choose plants with strong growth and short branches as mother plants, and single seeds with full fruit and no diseases and insect pests should be selected according to the cold and cool characteristics of Forsythia suspensa. Seed selection of Forsythia suspensa can collect mature fruits in October every year, spread them out in a cool place, shell the seeds after drying, and mix them with wet sand according to the ratio of 1 ∶ 3 during storage. Forsythia should be germinated in the first ten days of March of the following year before sowing, and it can be soaked in a mixed solution of gibberellin and alcohol. When planting after germination, trench should be made on the ridge surface, hole sowing should be adopted when sowing, and the soil should be compacted after sowing to ensure the close combination of seeds and soil. Forsythia seedlings are generally raised in April every year, and the sowing time in winter can be chosen before the soil is frozen, and the seeds of Forsythia suspensa do not need to be treated specially. After emergence, the seedlings are fixed when the seedling height reaches 5cm, and when it reaches 10cm, the soil is loosened and watered. Compound fertilizer can be used in the process of forsythia planting, and the seedlings can be raised gently when filling more than half of the soil to promote the full expansion of the root system. If the soil is too dry when planting, it can be watered properly.

2.2 Land selection and preparation technology

Forsythia suspensa breeding site should be selected with higher terrain. Because of the relatively high altitude in Qinghai area, it is suitable to plant Forsythia suspensa. The key is to choose the leeward and flat land, in order to ensure the growth of Forsythia suspensa, we should choose deep and fertile soil to ensure the drainage of the soil. The soil preparation of Forsythia suspensa should be carried out in autumn, deep ploughing should be carried out before planting, the depth of ploughing should reach 25cm, and fertilization should be done well in the process of soil preparation, such as phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, urea and so on. In the soil preparation, all kinds of sundries should be removed, and the land should be arranged into ridges with high 15cm and wide 120cm, and the width of the ridge and furrow should reach 30cm.

2.3 cultivation and management

Cultivation management needs to strengthen the supervision of the whole planting process of Forsythia suspensa. First of all, in the process of planting and pollination, in order to maintain a good row spacing, the row spacing usually needs to reach 2m and the plant spacing should be kept at 1.5m. The tall plants and dwarf plants were planted in the way of interplant or interrow mixing. Secondly, it is necessary to effectively prevent waterlogging in fertilizer and water management, fertilize reasonably according to the growth situation, and use phosphoric acid and ammonium fertilizer in the growth process of Forsythia suspensa. Third, in order to improve the fruit setting rate of Forsythia suspensa, the method of spraying boron at flowering stage was adopted, and the dosage of various drugs was controlled to effectively prevent the problem of pesticide residues. Fourth, strengthen the work of shaping and pruning at the flowering stage, specifically pruning young and adult trees, cutting off the top slightly when the plant reaches 1m, and leaving four strong branches on the trunk. Adult tree pruning is mainly winter pruning, mainly pruning weak branches, disease and insect branches, etc., in order to shorten the planting cycle, but also can renew aging plants.

2.4 harvesting management

Forsythia is mainly divided into Forsythia suspensa, Fructus Forsythia and Forsythia suspensa. In Qinghai, it is mainly forsythia. The harvest work is mainly carried out in the first ten days of January. Forsythia suspensa is mainly harvested with thick shell, yellow color, no seeds and impurities. It is necessary to ensure that forsythia is harvested without branches, full seeds, and no impurities and mildew.

2.5 Control of diseases and insect pests

Forsythia should also effectively prevent the occurrence of diseases and insect pests in the process of planting. The common diseases and insect pests of Forsythia suspensa mainly include leaf spot disease, moth disease, heart-drilling worm and so on. Therefore, Zhuangtieling and other drugs can be sprayed and used in pruning treatment. Foam agent or dipped in cotton to plug borer measures. In order to effectively control the invasion of diseases and insect pests, lime powder and manual killing or physical vibrator can be used to kill diseases and insect pests. In order to improve the effect of prevention and control, necessary preventive management measures should be taken in advance according to the specific conditions during the active period of diseases and insect pests.

In the editor's view, Forsythia suspensa is not only a very good ornamental flowers, but also a very good cash crop, worthy of flowers and plants planted by relatives, you can try yo.