How do you grow buttercups? Cultivation techniques of Ranunculus

Buttercup plants are exquisite and beautiful, with rich and colorful flowers, which are perennial herbaceous flowers. It is an excellent potted ornamental plant with high ornamental value and commodity value. Buttercup can also be eaten, is a good vegetable, it can supplement the nutrients needed by the human body, is a very high nutritional value of food ingredients. Let's talk about the cultivation techniques of buttercup.

1. Sprouting: under the condition of 5 ~ 20 ℃, the root block of Ranunculus was embedded in the mixture of vermiculite and perlite at the ratio of 4:1, and the humidity of the substrate was kept at 80 ~ 90% for 10 ~ 20 days.

2. Cultivation: transplant the buttercup buds in step 1 into tile or porcelain flowerpots filled with culture medium and nutrient solution; the substrate is a mixture of vermiculite, perlite and sand in a ratio of 4: 1: 5. The concentration of the nutrient solution is 2 ~ 5%, and the composition is: calcium chloride 500 ~ 1200mg, potassium chloride 300 ~ 350mg, ammonium phosphate 450 ~ 500mg, magnesium sulfate 500 ~ 800mg, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen 10 ~ 15mg, silicon 10 ~ 15mg, iron, boron, manganese, copper, zinc and molybdenum 2 ~ 5mg respectively.

3. Water and fertilizer management: the flowerpot in step 2 was moved to the ambient temperature of 5 ~ 20 ℃ and watered once every 3 ~ 8 days to make the substrate in the flowerpot moist but without stagnant water. Drip irrigation of 30 ~ 50ml nutrient solution for 2 ~ 3 days, while ensuring that the light time was 5 ~ 8 hours per day and the light intensity was 400 ~ 800lx.

4. promoting flowering: when the buttercup has just appeared the bud, move the flowerpot to the ambient temperature of 10-25 ℃ and spray the buttercup with a concentration of 0.5-5% oxytocin every two days until the buttercup blossoms.

5. Florescence management: after the buttercup blossoms, move it to the ambient temperature of 0 ~ 10 ℃. The flowering period of buttercup is usually from April to May.

6. Disease control of buttercup.

(1) rot

Due to the heavy stickiness and alkalinity of the soil, or the adverse conditions such as low temperature, too much water in the soil and too long duration, it is easy to cause bacteria, the plant is infected with root rot, and the root rot turns dark brown or black. the aboveground stems and leaves gradually wilted and yellowed, and the plant withered. The internal tissue of the diseased site changed from white to gray, the outer skin was covered with mycelial layer, and the tuber root gradually rotted.

Solution: before planting, the cultivated soil and root tuber should be thoroughly disinfected and properly planted shallowly. At the initial stage of the disease, the roots were irrigated with 1000 times solution of 75% methyl topiramate and 50% benzoate wettable powder. Potted buttercups can immediately change pots, change substrates and control the spread of diseases.

(2) mildew

Penicillium mainly occurs in the storage period of root tubers, and also occurs from time to time in the growing period. The infected root is dark brown or black. When the disease is serious, the surface of the stored root is covered with a large number of conidia of Penicillium, which is easy to infect the healthy root.

Solution: strictly remove the tuber roots with bacterial spores, mechanical damage and insect bites before planting, soak them in the solution of 1000 times of methyltopiramine for 10 to 15 minutes, and then plant them after drying, so as to reduce the possibility of disease.

(3) Silk disease

White silk disease is caused by a small sclerotia fungal infection, which mainly affects the base of the stem of the plant. At the initial stage of the disease, water-stained light brown irregular spots were produced at the base of the stem, followed by white silky hyphae in the diseased part, which gradually wound into rapeseed sclerotia.

Solution: the rhizosphere soil was sprayed and irrigated with 50% carbendazim wettable powder 800x solution next to the plant to control the development of the disease. at the initial stage of the disease, the stem base and surrounding soil of the plant were sprayed with 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder and 5% Jinggangmycin 1000 times solution, which can reduce the disease.

Buttercup is more tenacious in vitality. Its words mean "welcome", generally can be used to bless others, easy-going personality, talkative meaning, is more suitable for giving friends a kind of flowers.

Introduction to the cultivation of buttercups: when is the best time to grow buttercups?

Buttercup is usually double or semidouble in color, and its flower shape is similar to that of peony, but it is relatively small, and its leaves are like celery leaves, so it is often called celery flower. Its origin comes from southeastern Europe and southern Asia. It was only introduced from England in 1596 for artificial cultivation, so it is more common in gardens or cut flowers. So how much do we know about the time of cultivation? The editor has brought you knowledge about the time of cultivation. I hope you will like it.

[growth habits] it is important to know that buttercup is a plant that likes cool and semi-shady environment, and it also avoids heat. The most suitable growth temperature is about 20 ℃ during the day and 7: 10 ℃ at night. It is afraid of both wet and drought, so it is most suitable to grow in neutral or alkaline soil with good drainage, fertility and looseness. The root tuber will go into dormancy after June. Buttercup is originally from Turkey as the center of western Asia and southeastern Europe, so it belongs to the mild climate, fresh and humid air, shady growth environment, but not resistant to cold freezing, but also afraid of the hot sun. And it will be dormant in summer in most parts of China. Potted plants are required to cultivate sandy soil rich in humus, loose and fertile, and strong permeability.

[culture method] Light management: buttercup can not tolerate strong light, and it also belongs to semi-shaded environment. It needs sufficient light in winter. With the increase of temperature and light intensity in spring, it should be shaded and ventilated properly at this time, and because it belongs to a plant with long sunshine, long-term sunshine is conducive to promoting its flower bud differentiation. With the advance of flowering, the growth of nutrition will also be terminated in advance, and bulbs will be formed ahead of time. Water management: buttercup is a plant that is afraid of wet and waterlogging. it is more resistant to drought, but it should not be too dry, especially during its growth. excessive drought will force it into dormancy and cause the quality of its bulbs to deteriorate. We usually need to water it once after planting, and then the watering should be timely and should be balanced not to be too dry or too wet.

Fertilizer management: buttercup before planting, we can also choose rotten cake fertilizer as its base fertilizer, and spread it evenly. After transplanting, the plant will grow obviously or when it grows new leaves, it can start to fertilize. Temperature management: buttercup likes a cold environment, the most suitable temperature during the day is between 15 and 20 degrees, while at night the temperature of 1 to 8 degrees is not too high or too low, and the temperature difference between day and night can not be too large, otherwise the growth and development of buttercup will be affected, resulting in the decline of its flower number and its quality.

Summary of cultivation techniques of Ranunculus: variety types and common varieties' Huagu 'series are commonly used excellent varieties of imported potted plants. 'New Paradise'is an excellent double strain of dwarf and large flower newly selected by potted Flower Research Institute of Dafeng City, Jiangsu Province. Morphological features: pinnate or three-parted palmately compound leaves, different growth stages and different individuals, the leaf color, shape, crack depth are different. The cotyledons are oval, the young leaves are less notched, and the true leaves are gradually increased in the later stage. Under the condition of low temperature in winter, the leaves are in the shape of clumps, and the leaves are spreading and overlapping. The underground part has a large black-brown tuber root, showing a multi-legged shape, similar to the Xiaoli flower root. It can be cultured separately, but it is inconvenient to operate and the proliferation rate is low. It is rarely used in production except for excellent asexual propagation of single plant.

The difference in the size and number of small roots reflects the nutritional level of bulbs, which affects not only the plant size, the number of tillers and growth at the initial stage of root germination, but also the number of flower stems in the future. In general, the number of small roots in potted flower cultivation is more than 5, and the length of small roots in dry state is more than 1cm. The size, quantity, weight and shape of the root tuber are closely related to the management of the plant before dormancy. If the nutrient consumption is high during flowering, the fertilizer and water supply is insufficient, or the temperature is too high and dormancy is too early, or the artificial high temperature and drought causes sudden forced dormancy, the small root will appear uneven in length and small in dry. After June, the shoot gradually withered and the root dormancy. Ecological habits: buttercup had no physiological dormancy. The tuberous roots harvested were planted at 5 ℃-15 ℃ and germinated in 2-3 weeks. Root drying can control germination and can be stored for a long time. The roots of buttercups must be fully dried and stored, otherwise they will rot easily. The seeds matured from May to June, about 1800 seeds per gram, flattened and wrapped in a very thin film. The optimum temperature for seed germination was 10 ℃-15 ℃ and germinated in 2-3 weeks. It could not germinate when it was more than 20 ℃ or less than 5 ℃. After absorbing water, the tuber root could expand 10 leaves after being cultivated at night temperature of 10 ℃-12 ℃ for 7-8 weeks. At this time, the growth point of the stem tip began to expand, entered the flower bud differentiation stage, completed in 2-3 weeks, and then blossomed after about 10 weeks. The potted flowers of Ranunculus are generally produced by sowing method, but the sowing method requires a higher cultivation level to produce high quality potted flowers (sowing seedlings often have the problems of insufficient nutrition level and small number of flowers). Therefore, there is also a "root tuber method" in which root tubers are produced by sowing, and potted flowers are produced by root tubers the following year. The cultivation cost and economic benefit of the two methods need to be compared. Growth and development conditions moisture: buttercup originated in Syria and Israel, the native place is high temperature and dry in summer, low temperature and rainy from autumn to spring, so buttercup has the habit of growth and development in autumn and winter, flowering in spring and dormancy in summer. There is a lot of demand for water in the process of its growth, and the lack of water in the early stage of growth will lead to short plants, small leaves, less tillers in the future, underdeveloped roots, less flowering, small flowers and low double petal rate; in the middle stage, water shortage will seriously affect flowering, small flowering stems, short florescence, not bright colors, leaves will also be yellowed; in the later stage, water-deficient plants will be forced to dormancy and poor root quality. However, as a kind of root flower, too much water also has the risk of rotting roots. The supply of water must also be balanced, and excessive drought or water stains will seriously affect growth. Water imbalance can also cause root cracks. The general law of water requirement in the growth process is that a certain degree of water is needed at the initial stage of cultivation, reaches the maximum at the initial stage of bolting, and then decreases gradually. Day length response: buttercup is very sensitive to day length. When sowing seedlings meet long-day conditions, they will blossom ahead of time or stagnate and begin to form root tubers. Although this is related to the younger physiological mature age of Ranunculus, the most important thing is that long daylight promotes flower bud differentiation. Although short-day irradiation can inhibit flowering, flower bud differentiation can still be carried out when the plant grows to a certain size. This shows that buttercups are only relatively long sunshine flowers. Some cut flower varieties were tested. The long-day treatment (4 hours interruption from 22:00 to 2 o'clock) blossomed 45 days earlier than the short-day treatment (8 hours) and 41 days earlier than the natural treatment (ck). However, under the condition of long days, the quality of flowers decreased, the diameter of flowers became smaller 2.5cm, and the stem of flowers increased by 2-8cm. Compared with root tuber cultivation, the long-day response of seedlings was more obvious, flowering earlier and plant dormancy earlier. The effect was more significant when the day was longer than 12 hours, but if it was illuminated for 20 hours, it could not blossom, or flowered less, the pedicel was slender, and the rate of double pedicel decreased. Under the condition of short day light, the activity of meristem was higher and promoted the formation of lateral buds. Therefore, it is not too late to plant buttercups in autumn, especially for sexual breeding, so as to ensure adequate vegetative growth before the long sunshine in spring, so as to ensure the quality of potted flowers (number of flowers, plant height, double petal rate). Temperature: the lowest growth limit temperature of Ranunculus chinensis is-5 ℃, and the lowest growth temperature is above 5 ℃. The growth rate was the fastest when the night temperature was 8 ℃ and the day temperature was 10 ℃-15 ℃. The growth and development of more than 20 ℃ was stunted, and the aboveground parts began to wither above 30 ℃, but the dry roots could endure considerable high temperature. The low temperature treatment at seedling stage had a significant effect on the growth period. 5 ℃ low temperature treatment for 4 weeks could bloom 14-20 days earlier under long-day, short-day and natural treatment conditions. Although buttercup does not like high temperature, it may rot its roots under the condition of long-term low temperature, especially when there is more soil moisture. During the vegetative growth period, the daytime temperature should be controlled at 15 ℃-20 ℃ and the night temperature should be controlled at 5 ℃-10 ℃. When the temperature difference between day and night is too high, the number of flowers will decrease, the double petal rate will decrease, the flower stem will be increased and weak, and the quality of potted flowers will be seriously reduced. The suitable flowering temperature is 13 ℃-15 ℃ to prolong the flowering period. Soil environment: buttercup has higher requirements for soil, and the soil with rich organic matter, good aggregate structure and proper porosity is better, with a ph of about 6.5. Key points of potted flower production techniques of "root tuber method" the small roots sown and cultivated in the past year are used as culture materials to produce potted flowers. The "root tuber method" has the advantages of short production cycle, early flowering, short flower stem, high double petal rate and good potted flower quality. The root absorbs water. The tuber root is dry during storage, if the tuber root absorbs water quickly, most of the tuber root will rot, and if the temperature of the tuber root absorption is too high, it will also rot, only the low temperature absorption is the most safe and effective, so it must be slowly absorbed below 5 ℃. The reason may be that the root absorbs water quickly from the extremely dry state, the strong expansion of the cells will cause mechanical damage and physiological obstacles, and the hyphae latent on the surface of the root will be easier to invade when absorbing water quickly. The tuber root which has just absorbed water, especially under the condition of high temperature, its resistance to bacteria is also very weak. The method of absorbing water at low temperature is to bury the root in clean coarse sand, and then spray water fully, the excess water will leak out from below, do not accumulate water, and slowly absorb water in a cold storage of 1 ℃-3 ℃. In the case of no cold storage, you can spread a layer of coarse sand in the shade, insert the root upside down in the sand and bury the bud, but most of the root is exposed. Spray water frequently to ensure that the matrix is not dry. Soon after the root tuber expands, wait for the central bud to germinate and produce new roots, pick out and plant in time (the length of the bud should not exceed 1cm). In order to prevent root rot, low temperature well water or deep well tap water should be selected for water spraying, and fungicides can be added during spraying. Do not reduce the ambient temperature, the use of 60% shading net shade, conditional availability of spray cooling facilities, or basement, air-conditioned room sprouting. When sprouting, the harm of rainstorm should be prevented, the weather forecast should be paid attention to, and the film should be covered in time to avoid rain. Put the root on the bowl. In order to facilitate management, the root tubers after budding were planted in a nutrition bowl of 10 × 8 cm for centralized management. In order to prevent root rot, the upper pot soil should be disinfected according to the source. The 4m3/ canisters of bromofumigate (860ml) were fumigated for 2-3 days. After disinfection, the membrane was exposed and ventilated for 7-10 days. The upper bowl soil should be moist, and if it is too dry, it should be stuffy with water and used the next day. The planting depth is 0.8-1.0cm at the top of root buds, too deep is not conducive to leaf formation, and too shallow is not conducive to rooting. Watering should be controlled before and after seedling emergence in order to keep the soil moist, and the amount of water can be increased step by step after seedling completion. The seedling stage was fertilized for 2-3 times and the concentration was 0.8 ‰-1.0 ‰. Put in the pot. Use a small 5-inch tile pot or 14-16cm plastic pot on the root seedling pot. The upper basin soil is high-quality compost + 1tick 4 rotten sawdust + 1.0kg Compact m345% compound fertilizer. Planting depth for the plain soil block or skip a little, the original bowl deep on the basin when the appropriate shallow, the original bowl shallow should be appropriate deep. The upper pot soil should not be too dry and should be watered once after planting. When the root seedlings are put on the pot, the mouth left along the pot is larger than that of ordinary flowers, which prevents the soil from rising after the root system is full, making it difficult to water and fertilize. Management after potting (1) temperature: the optimum temperature for buttercup growth is 15 ℃-20 ℃ in daytime and 7 ℃-8 ℃ at night. Under the condition of cultivation in plastic greenhouse, the maximum temperature in the greenhouse was not higher than 22 ℃ and the lowest was not less than 0 ℃. The increase of night temperature is beneficial to shorten the growth period, and the proper reduction of night temperature is beneficial to compact plant shape. (2) Illumination: try to give enough light in winter. (3) moisture: buttercup prefers water, so watering should be adequate, timely and balanced. But too much water is harmful, on the one hand, buttercup is a bulb flower and is not resistant to waterlogging; on the other hand, the air humidity in the greenhouse is high, too much water will cause the epidemic of diseases. Therefore, in order to avoid the wrong practice of watering too many times and underwatering each time, it should be watered thoroughly each time and then watered again after drying. Keep the plant and the air in the greenhouse dry as far as possible between the two watering, in order to achieve the purpose of controlling plant shape and disease. However, the degree of drying should be based on the dry surface of the basin soil, but the leaves are not obviously wilted. Excessive drying will lead to the death of root hair, and if it suddenly resumes watering after drying, it will cause yellowing of leaves, poor flowering and root cracks. Watering should be done as much as possible after budding, but spraying is prohibited after flowering. (4) fertilization: once a week, the concentration is 1.5 ‰-2.0 ‰. 46% urea, 45% water-soluble compound fertilizer (urea in the early stage, compound fertilizer in the later stage). (5) Plant adjustment: the growth and development of "root tuber method" cultivation is mostly in winter, the sunshine in this period is short, the temperature is suitable, and it will not grow in vain. Pull the basin once before and after budding, separate the large and small plants when pulling the pot, and separate the early budding from the late budding. Leaves grow out of the buds at the early stage of budding, and 120-150ppm paclobutrazol (15% powder 8-10g/10kg) is sprayed once according to the situation. The bud should be sprayed in batches in the morning and evening, and should not be repeated. (6) pest control: the main diseases are Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea. Should be reasonable watering, strengthen ventilation, timely pull the basin; pay attention to the cleanliness and hygiene in the shed; potted flower production site should be rotation, disinfection; found diseased plants should be dealt with in time; in the middle and later stages of growth, it should be supplemented with necessary drug prevention, such as 46% sclerotia net, 55% chlorothalonil, 50% trimethoprim and other 50-1000 times spray. Insect pests are mainly leaf miners, which occur in the first and middle of April. Nymphs eat mesophyll, which can cause serious harm. 2000 times of 50% Lesben is used to control 1-2 times. "sowing method" potted flower production technology sowing method has the advantages of short production cycle, low cost, fast breeding and large production capacity, and its disadvantages are less flowering, late flowering, high plant channeling, high double petal rate affected by cultivation technology, high cultivation conditions and strict management, otherwise the quality and finished product rate of potted flowers are low. The key points of the production technology of sowing method are as follows: early sowing at the right time, cultivating strong seedlings, paying attention to the management of water and fertilizer, promoting early and big plants, and properly applying dwarfing agent to control plant height. Seedling (1) sowing date: late August to early September. (2) seeding quantity: 2-3g/m2. (3) seed treatment: in order to put it on the market earlier, it is suitable to soak seeds at low temperature to accelerate germination. After soaking the seeds for a day and night, wrap them with gauze, sprout in a thermostat or well of about 15 ℃, rinse once a day in the morning or evening, and throw out the remaining water after washing (the pericarp is membranous, when concentrated, contains a lot of water, and can be dehydrated by a washing machine). After 10 days of germination, the seeds germinated and sowed immediately after a few seeds germinated. (4) sowing: the seeds are properly dried in the shade, mixed with enough yellow sand and sown evenly. (5) cover seed thickness: cover seed immediately after sowing, thickness 2-3mm. (6) Post-broadcast management: after sowing, the bed surface is covered with a shading net, and the scaffolding is covered with a 60% shading net, spraying water 1-2 times a day. About 5 days after budding, and about 20 days after dry seed sowing, pay attention to check the emergence of seedlings and remove the flat sunshade net in time. The sunshade net on the scaffolding can be removed in the evening after completing the seedlings and covered before 8 o'clock the next day, so that the seedlings can see the weak light in the morning and evening. After breaking the heart, the light exposure time was gradually prolonged, and after the greenhouse was covered in the middle and last ten days of October, it was cultivated in full light. The concentration of fertilizer was 0.5 ‰-1.2 ‰ every 10 days after heart breakage. Pay attention to keep the seedling bed moist in the early stage of watering and dry and wet in the later stage of seedling to prevent disease and overgrowth. (7) Seedling: 3-4 true leaves. The seedling was divided in 10 × 8cm nutrition bowl, and the planting depth should skip the white part of the seedling base. The soil for seedling division refers to the upper bowl soil of the "root block method", and the quality should be a little better. When raising seedlings, pay attention to eliminating the seedlings with long petioles, short petioles, thick and dark green leaves, the former will have fewer tillers, tall stems, small flowers, and low double petal rate, while the latter will be a small "dwarf" in the future. (8) Management after seedling division: Ranunculus seedlings are not easy to carry soil, and should be shaded for a short time at noon after seedling division. Most of the seedlings are from the middle of November to the middle of December. if the temperature is low, the greenhouse temperature should be appropriately increased, with 20 ℃-22 ℃ in the daytime and 8 ℃-10 ℃ at night (the second and third layers are covered with cold protection). After waking up, it is managed according to the normal temperature. When the heart leaf grows obviously, it indicates that the tree has awakened and can be managed normally. The concentration of fertilizer was 1 ‰ in the initial stage and 1.5 ‰-2.0 ‰ in the later stage. The main type of fertilizer was nitrogen fertilizer, and compound fertilizer was applied for 2-3 times. Fertilization is usually done every 10 days or so. Upper pot (1) pot: the growth of sowing seedlings is smaller than that of root seedlings, the large seedlings are cultivated in a small 5-inch pot, and the later seedlings are planted in a 4.5-inch pot. The final seedling can only be used as bulb production and cultivation in the original bowl, and the buds will be removed during budding to concentrate nutrients and promote root expansion. Weak seedlings and diseased seedlings should all be eliminated. (2) Pool soil: refer to the "root tuber method", but the quality should be better, because the growth rate of sowing method is slower and the growth period is shorter. Most of the management after potting can refer to the "root tuber method", but attention should be paid to the characteristics of "sowing method" in plant adjustment. (1) in order to promote germination, the first flower can be removed at the time of budding. (2) in order to prevent the flower stem from rising, according to the actual situation, paclobutrazol was used once before the bud pulled out the leaves but did not show color, and the concentration was 100-120ppm. (3) fertilization should be lighter and more diligent than the "root tuber method". (4) when the temperature rises and the light increases during flowering, attention should be paid to ventilation and shading, so as to prolong the flowering period.