Cultivation and breeding techniques and daily maintenance skills of Bougainvillea chinensis

When it comes to the cultivation of triangular plum, many people may know that it likes warmth and sufficient light, is not cold-resistant, avoids waterlogging, and is suitable to grow in rich, loose, well-drained sandy soil. it not only grows poorly in heavy, alkaline, waterlogged soil and low temperature environment, but also easy to rot and die. Next, the editor will explain in detail the cultivation and breeding techniques and maintenance techniques of Triangle Plum.

1. Reproduction

The common propagation method in the cultivation of Prunus mume is cutting propagation. At present, vegetative branches are mainly used as cuttings. The highest survival rate of triangulated plum cuttings is generally in the dry season from February to May. Before cutting, you can choose 2-year-old or perennial branches. The length of 2-year-old branches is about 10~15cm, while the length of perennial branches is 0.5-0.8 m. The base of cuttings can be cut after soaking in the liquid of rooting powder for 1-2 hours.

When the plum is propagated, it can be made into a seedbed in the open field, and the place with dry, slightly higher terrain and leeward to the sun is selected as the seedbed site, and the loose and fertile soil should be selected, which not only has a certain water storage capacity, but also conducive to water discharge. after turning and raking, weeds are removed, and finally the bed is arranged. The size of the seedbed can be determined by the number of cuttings, the general length is about 40m 60m, the width is 80~100cm, the height is 35~40cm, and the width of the furrow is 40~45cm. After making the seedbed, fill in the river sand with thick 30~35cm. In order to prevent the occurrence of diseases and insect pests, drugs can be used to disinfect them. The disinfectant generally chooses 2000 times the aqueous solution of formalin or 3000 times that of potassium permanganate, spray it with a plastic film for 24 hours, and then dry it for a few days before cutting. After the cuttings were watered thoroughly, shaded above, and sprayed every day, after about 30 days of careful management, the lower part of the cuttings could grow life roots, then the new buds began to sprout, and then gradually increased sunlight exposure and gradually reduced the number of water spraying. pay attention to the removal of weeds and pest control work, after the new bud leaves, spray 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution, wait until the plant grows strong You can directly put it on the basin or transplant it once.

two。 Maintenance skills

2.2.1 watering

When Carthamus tinctorius is in the growing period, it needs a lot of water, which should be watered and thoroughly to keep the soil moist, and pay attention to good drainage to avoid waterlogging, because stagnant water will cause the decay of fallen leaves and roots. it has a direct impact on the normal growth and flowering of Prunus mume. When entering the flowering period, water the soil in time to keep the soil moist. But not too much, because too much will make the branches and leaves grow luxuriantly but blossom little or not. After flowering, the number of watering should be reduced. As the purple plum has less demand for water, it can be managed extensively, but it should be kept dry and watered, or it will be over-nourished, which is not conducive to reproduction and growth and has a direct impact on the quality of flowering.

2.2.2 promoting flowering

The blooming season of triangular plum is normally from November to April of the following year. If properly managed, it will have flowers all the year round. During this period, in order to make the triangular plum blossom blossom, it is necessary to control the water to promote the blossom, especially when the triangular plum is in an obvious area, it is necessary to intermittently control the water before the triangular plum blossom and let the flowers bloom all over the branches. strong adult plants are selected almost in late July and water control is carried out intermittently according to the cloudy and sunny weather and the dry and wet air to promote the blooming of the flowers.

The specific method is: do not water the flowers for 10 to 12 days, through observation, when the soil is dry and white and the branches droop slightly, and then continue to control the water for 2 or 3 times, so that the top growth will stop, so that nutrients are concentrated to promote the differentiation of flower buds, once the top of the shoot is flushed, it is watered and calcium phosphate is applied every two weeks. In this way, the triangular plum can reach its full bloom in 40 to 50 days. Of course, it can also be regulated by spraying hormones, and then control its vegetative growth into reproductive growth, which will make the flower bud differentiation and flowering ahead of time. In addition, if the triangular plum has too much water and fertilizer, it will cause only leaves to grow but not blossom at this time, you can promote flowering through scratches.

2.2.3 pruning

The growth of safflower triangular plum is relatively slow, so there are basically no overgrown branches, so it is not necessary to prune it often. Prune about once a year from March to April to cut off weak and dense branches. On the other hand, purple trimmed plum needs to be comprehensively pruned twice a year, the first before germination from March to April, and the second before the growth of new branches after anthesis from November to December. when pruning, it is necessary to cut off the dense branches, short branches, weak branches and top shoots, and cut the horizontal branches to make the base sprout more mother branches that can bloom, so as to ensure that the flowers can bloom exuberantly every year. In general, only 2-3 sprouts are left, and the excess part is cut off. As the growth of purple triangular plum is relatively exuberant, in addition to comprehensive pruning twice a year, the long branches should also be trimmed every month. In pruning, we should grasp the three principles of one short and three thinning: cut short the horizontal branch, re-cut the new branch, and remove the weak branch and the dense branch. However, to control its height, if continuous pruning makes it dwarf, the flowering period will be greatly delayed, the number of flowering will be reduced, and the growth period will not be able to achieve the ideal landscape effect, so that the advantages of triangular plum will disappear. Can not reflect the due brilliance.

3. Pest control

The diseases and insect pests of safflower and purple plum are very similar, rarely disturbed by diseases and insect pests, even if the occasional use of medicine can be effective. In particular, it is important to observe the period from winter to spring. The general pests are diamondback moths and shell insects, which are sprayed with 2.5% 5000 times of EC.

4. Loose soil safflower and calligraphy and painting triangle plum should be loosened in time to prevent the soil from hardening and hardening leading to root dysplasia and then affect the growth of the plant, can be combined with the usual management to determine the time of loosening soil.

Bonsai cultivation techniques and maintenance methods of triangular plum bonsai

Triangular plum habits, triangular plum like warm and humid climate, not cold-resistant, more than 3 ℃ can safely survive the winter, more than 15 ℃ before flowering. Like plenty of light. Lax requirements on the soil, in good drainage, mineral-rich clay loam in good growth, barren resistance, alkali resistance, drought resistance, avoid stagnant water, resistant to pruning. The leaf flower is native to Brazil in South America, but it was not cultivated in Europe until about the 1930s, and now it is cultivated all over China. It likes warm, humid, sunny environment and is not resistant to cold. Except in the south of China, it can be cultivated in open field and overwintering, and other areas need pot and greenhouse cultivation. Sandy loam with good drainage is the most suitable for soil. Leaf flowers are often propagated by cuttings, and it is easy to raise seedlings. In May and June, mature woody branches, 20 cm long, are inserted into a sand basin, covered with glass and kept moist. They can take root in about a month and blossom in two years.

Triangular plum bonsai culture method 1, basin selection: triangular plum soil requirements are not strict, resistant to barren drought, avoid stagnant water. It is better to use sandy soil rich in humus, loose, fertile and permeable, and avoid using clay. When potted, a portion of rotten leaf soil, peat soil, sandy soil and garden soil can be used, and a small amount of rotten cake residue can be added as base fertilizer to prepare culture soil. 2. Temperature: the suitable temperature for growth is 15 ℃ 30 ℃, of which 19 ℃ is from May to September and 13 ℃ from October to April of the following year. When the temperature exceeds 35 ℃ in summer, shading or water spraying, ventilation and other measures should be taken properly, and the ambient temperature of no less than 5 ℃ should be maintained in winter. The temperature for flowering is more than 15 ℃. In order to prolong the flowering period, it should be moved into the room for maintenance in time before the arrival of the cold spell at the beginning of winter. 3. Illumination: triangulated plums are happy to shine. Lack of light in the growing season will lead to plant growth weakness, affecting pregnant buds and flowering. Therefore, seedlings in addition to new pots should be placed in the semi-shade all the year round. Winter should be placed in front of the southward window, and the lighting time should not be less than 8 hours, otherwise a large number of fallen leaves are easy to appear. Short-day flowers, the daily light time is controlled at about 9 hours, triangle plum will bud and blossom in a month and a half. 3. Using soil: the growth rate of Prunus mume is fast, the root system is developed, there are many whisker roots, and the pot needs to be changed once a year. Due to long-term watering, fertilization and Rain Water erosion, the basin soil is easy to harden and needs to be loosened regularly and weeds are removed at the same time. Otherwise, basin soil hardening and stagnant water will easily lead to root rot or poor growth of Prunus mume. 4. Select varieties such as double scarlet, Yijin, orange yellow, mosaic red, silver edge white, single green leaf water red, orange red, cherry red, etc., which can bloom 2-3 batches of flowers a year in Hangzhou. 5. Cuttage propagation and breeding of seedlings: miniature bonsai triangular plum is quick and convenient to propagate with cuttage. In Hangzhou, the selection section is short from May to June, the diameter is 0.3-1cm annual Lignification or semi-Lignification branch, the cuttings are 6-8cm with 3-4 nodes, the front two leaves (or half leaves) are retained and inserted into the matrix after sterilization, moisturizing and light maintenance, fertilization outside the root for about 20 days, and strong light exercise gradually after rooting. After cutting for 45-60 days, a small amount of matrix was moved into the micro-basin as early as possible, and the seedlings were delayed for 2-3 days to enter the routine management. Miniature triangular plum seedlings can also directly look for small stakes of perennial dwarf branches, pruning roots and pruning on the basin, and can also be obtained by bagging and high-pressure propagation of zigzag old branches. 6. Objectives and measures of Prophase maintenance. Prophase maintenance is the foundation, and the goal is to shape and cultivate the crown. All measures are carried out around the dense branches, compact plant shape, concise and smooth shape. Twists or folds do not deliberately pursue twists and turns, the general trunk 1-2 bends, there are 2-3 branches can. Branches and leaves should be more than other woody miniature bonsai, but should not be too complicated to facilitate the overall balance of metabolism; according to the original characteristics of pots and materials, plant type pictures should be designed, branches and leaves trend and layout should be emphasized, so that branches and leaves are dense and orderly. The crown is about 1.5 times of the basin diameter. A, watering and fertilization: the basin is small in volume and less soil, avoid heavy water and thick fertilizer, the soil should be dry, not dry and not irrigated, sunny spring, late autumn in the morning and morning, early summer and early autumn in the morning and evening, small water and moist soil in the evening, the leaves can get rid of wilting and water thoroughly in the morning. Fertilizer should be mixed with some thin fertilizer water in the irrigated water at intervals of three to five, mainly nitrogen in the first few times, supplemented by phosphorus and potassium, and then dominated by phosphorus and potassium. In order to prevent Rain Water from growing too much, if you have the conditions, you can keep it under the sun and canopy. B, coring, pruning and pruning: determine the timing of topping according to modeling needs, generally 4-5 leaves can be peeled to depress the height of the plant and lower the branching position. After the formation of the primary branch, it is coring again to form the secondary branch. Plate binding should be early, planting to restore growth can be carried out, with a diameter of 0.6-0grad 8mm aluminum wire inserted into the soil, the other end and the branch into a 45-degree angle spiral winding, from the trunk to the twig, from bottom to top; when winding the aluminum wire should be close to the trunk, density moderate, after winding the branch will bend into the desired form, and finally with the aluminum wire to press the top leaf axil, to promote the twig node elongation to form a natural twig, disk binding should be carried out with the branch growth in a timely manner. Plastic bandage can also be used to bind thicker aluminum wire with twigs and then bend the shape. In the growth, branches are too long, but also timely appropriate pruning, short, back pruning, to promote re-branching, at the same time cut off overlapping branches and other redundant branches. C, spray short Zhuangsu: new branches are produced, starting to spray 5/1000 for a long time, once every 7-10 days. If 20-50PPM paclobutrazol is sprayed, the dosage should be controlled and the interval time should be prolonged. D, triangular plum is a strong positive plant, heat-resistant and not afraid of the sun, should be maintained under direct light, generally without shade. The semi-cliff of the cliff can be tilted, placed upside down, when the branches and canopies are initially formed, some flower-promoting measures should be taken, such as opening the basin distance, raising the ventilation, increasing the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, controlling the amount of watering, continuing to control the plant shape, and so on. 7. Florescence management: after planting for about two months, the bud may appear, then the disk binding is suspended, one branch, 3 or 4 inflorescences of double-petal varieties and 6 or 7 inflorescences of single-petal varieties. Concentrate nutrition to make double flowers bloom into balls, single flowers large and colorful. In order to prevent serious wilting, a small amount of water can be replenished at noon, and the water temperature should be close to the soil temperature. 8. post-anthesis management: triangular plum miniature bonsai can bloom three batches of flowers a year, and new plants cultivated by cuttings in May may also blossom twice in the same year. After flowering, it is necessary to cut back and truncate in time to maintain the plant type so as not to overgrow the branches; to apply thin fertilizer and water dominated by nitrogen and supplemented by phosphorus and potassium; to fasten new branches as early as possible, spray Daizhuangsu, and so on. 9. Overwintering: the basin is slightly affected by external temperature changes and is vulnerable to cold damage in winter. it is appropriate to put indoor sunny windowsill or warm cabinets, and strive to be no less than 8 degrees. In case of cold fallen leaves, it is appropriate to keep the basin soil dry, let it dormant, and pour a small amount of lukewarm water on the edge of the basin when it is too dry. If the temperature is high, the sun does not shed leaves, and it can blossom normally, it needs normal maintenance and management. 10. Post-maintenance: miniature bonsai planting for 1-2 years, turning over the basin, changing soil, pruning, or local soil replacement, lifting roots, and taking measures to make the main rod aging. After a year of maintenance, the initial appearance of the prototype, the transition from ordinary miniature bonsai to art bonsai, miniature bonsai, but also needs years of pruning as the main plate binding as the auxiliary modeling process. Triangular plum bonsai culture matters needing attention 1. Triangular plum should grasp the principle of "short, heavy and sparse" when pruning, that is, cut short horizontal branches and re-cut new branches. Remove dense branches and weak branches. Safflower triangular plum grows weakly and is pruned about once a year from March to April. Triangular plum needs to be fully pruned twice a year, the first before germination from March to April, and the second before the growth of new branches after blooming from November to December, in order to ensure exuberant flowering every year. 2. The common pests of Prunus mume are leaf beetles and aphids, and the common diseases are shoot blight. At ordinary times, it is necessary to strengthen loosening soil and weeding, remove dead branches and diseased leaves in time, and pay attention to ventilation so as to reduce the spread of the disease. Strengthen the examination of the disease, find the timely treatment of the disease, can be prevented and treated with dimethoate, topiramate and other solutions. In the usual maintenance and management work, pay more attention to its growth.

Cultivation of miniature triangular plum

"miniature triangular plum cultivation"

Miniature potted plants are small in size, exaggerated and concise in shape, and embellished with more poetic and picturesque balconies, bedrooms and windowsills. Using triangular plum as miniature potted material, it takes only five or six months from cuttage propagation to embryonic form and flowering. Triangulated plum is strong in nature, resistant to high temperature and hot sun, no special treatment for micro-basin cultivation in summer, less diseases and insect pests, rough imitation and easy maintenance. Triangular plum flower color, varieties of leaf color is changeable, branches are easy to twists and turns shape, the production of miniature potted plants can have flowers, no flowers, no leaves, no leaves, with strong ornamental. Today, we will communicate some experiences of triangular plum miniature potted plants with flower friends. 1. Select the basin: choose the miniature basin below 10cm, especially those with 6-8cm small and exquisite. Purple sand basin, ceramic basin can be, small plastic basin or special style ice cream, yogurt chocolate plastic box is also OK. The appearance and color of the basin should echo the tree posture, leaf color and color of the triangular plum. For example, the high barrel basin is suitable for cliff and semi-cliff type; the long waist oval and rectangular pots should be planted with straight and oblique poles; the round pots are equipped with low-shaped plants with curved plates; and the high rods of polygonal pots produce plants with thin vines and sparse branches. Light and elegant pot plant colorful varieties, dark and dignified pot varieties of light flowers. 2. The use of soil: the micro-basin has small volume, strong growth potential, large number of flowers, large demand for water and fertilizer, and fear of waterlogging, so it must be a sandy loam with loose fertility, good drainage, good fertilizer and water conservation, and rich in humus. Such as rotten leaf soil + sandy loam soil, can also be prepared with peat + perlite + garden soil, requiring no stagnant water in the heavy rain basin, no hardening in the sun, and moist in the surface aluminous soil. 3. Select varieties of Qinhua, mosaic and plant shape that are easy to control, such as double red, Yijin, orange yellow; mosaic red, silver edge white; single green leaf water red, orange red, cherry red, etc.; generally can bloom 2-3 batches of flowers a year in Hangzhou. 4. Cuttage propagation and selection of seedlings: miniature potted Prunus mume can propagate quickly and conveniently with cuttings. In Hangzhou, the selection section is short from May to June, the diameter is 0.3-1cm annual Lignification or semi-Lignification branches, the cuttings are 6-8cm with 3-4 nodes, the front two leaves (or half leaves) are retained and inserted into the substrate after sterilization, moisturizing and light maintenance, fertilization outside the root for about 20 days, and strong light exercise gradually after rooting. After cutting for 45-60 days, a small amount of matrix was moved into the micro-basin as early as possible, and the seedlings were delayed for 2-3 days to enter the routine management. Miniature triangular plum seedlings can also directly look for small stakes of perennial dwarf branches, pruning roots and pruning on the basin, and can also be obtained by bagging and high-pressure propagation of zigzag old branches. 5. Objectives and measures of Prophase maintenance. Prophase maintenance is the foundation, and the goal is to shape and cultivate the crown. All measures are carried out around the dense branches, compact plant shape, concise and smooth shape. Twists or folds do not deliberately pursue twists and turns, the general trunk 1-2 bends, there are 2-3 branches can. There should be more branches and leaves than other woody miniature potted plants, but they should not be too complicated to facilitate the overall balance of metabolism; plant type pictures should be designed according to the original characteristics of pots and materials, branches and leaves trend and layout should be emphasized, so that branches and leaves are dense and orderly. The crown is about 1.5 times of the basin diameter. A, watering and fertilization: the basin is small in volume and less soil, avoid heavy water and thick fertilizer, the soil should be dry, not dry and not irrigated, sunny spring, late autumn in the morning and morning, early summer and early autumn in the morning and evening, small water and moist soil in the evening, the leaves can get rid of wilting and water thoroughly in the morning. Fertilizer should be mixed with some thin fertilizer water in the irrigated water at intervals of three to five, mainly nitrogen in the first few times, supplemented by phosphorus and potassium, and then dominated by phosphorus and potassium. In order to prevent Rain Water from growing too much, if you have the conditions, you can keep it under the sun and canopy. B, coring, pruning and pruning: determine the timing of topping according to modeling needs, generally 4-5 leaves can be peeled to depress the height of the plant and lower the branching position. After the formation of the primary branch, it is coring again to form the secondary branch. Plate binding should be early, planting to restore growth can be carried out, with a diameter of 0.6-0grad 8mm aluminum wire inserted into the soil, the other end and the branch into a 45-degree angle spiral winding, from the trunk to the twig, from bottom to top; when winding the aluminum wire should be close to the trunk, density moderate, after winding the branch will bend into the desired form, and finally with the aluminum wire to press the top leaf axil, to promote the twig node elongation to form a natural twig, disk binding should be carried out with the branch growth in a timely manner. Plastic bandage can also be used to bind thicker aluminum wire with twigs and then bend the shape. In the growth, branches are too long, but also timely appropriate pruning, short, back pruning, to promote re-branching, at the same time cut off overlapping branches and other redundant branches. C, spray short Zhuangsu: new branches are produced, starting to spray 5/1000 for a long time, once every 7-10 days. If 20-50PPM paclobutrazol is sprayed, the dosage should be controlled and the interval time should be prolonged. D, triangular plum is a strong positive plant, heat-resistant and not afraid of the sun, should be maintained under direct light, generally without shade. The semi-cliff of the cliff can be tilted, placed upside down, when the branches and canopies are initially formed, some flower-promoting measures should be taken, such as opening the basin distance, raising the ventilation, increasing the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, controlling the amount of watering, continuing to control the plant shape, and so on. 6. Florescence management: after planting for about two months, the bud may appear, then the disk binding is suspended, one branch, 3 or 4 inflorescences of double-petal varieties and 6 or 7 inflorescences of single-petal varieties. Concentrate nutrition to make double flowers bloom into balls, single flowers large and colorful. In order to prevent serious wilting, a small amount of water can be replenished at noon, and the water temperature should be close to the soil temperature. 7. Post-anthesis management: the miniature potted plum can blossom in three batches a year, and the new plants cultured by cuttings in May may also bloom twice in the same year. After flowering, it is necessary to cut back and truncate in time to maintain the plant type so as not to overgrow the branches; to apply thin fertilizer and water dominated by nitrogen and supplemented by phosphorus and potassium; to fasten new branches as early as possible, spray Daizhuangsu, and so on. 8. Overwintering: the basin is slightly affected by external temperature changes and is vulnerable to cold damage in winter. it is appropriate to put indoor sunny windowsill or warm cabinets, and strive to be no less than 8 degrees. In case of cold fallen leaves, it is appropriate to keep the basin soil dry, let it dormant, and pour a small amount of lukewarm water on the edge of the basin when it is too dry. If the temperature is high, the sun does not shed leaves, and it can blossom normally, it needs normal maintenance and management. 9. Later maintenance: micro-basin planting for 1-2 years, turning over the basin, changing soil, pruning, or local soil replacement, lifting roots, and taking measures to make the main rod aging. After a year of maintenance, the prototype has emerged, and the transition from ordinary miniature potted plants to artistic potted plants and miniature bonsai requires years of pruning as the main and supplementary modeling process.